Electronics Laboratory

Experiment No. 9
Two-Port Network & The Hybrid Model

Aim of experiment:
To study the two port network

Theory
The box in the Fig.(1) represents a two-port network which have two voltages
and two currents. We may select two of four quantities as the independent variables
and express the remaining two in terms of the chosen independent variables.
v1  h11i1  h21v2
i2  h12i1 h22v2

i1 i2
1 2

Input Output
port v1 v2 port

1' 2'

Fig.(1): Two-port network

The quantities h11, h12, h21 and h22 are called the h, or hybrid parameters
because they are not all alike dimensionally. Let us assume that there are no reactive
elements within the two-port network. Then from above equations, the h parameters
are defined as follows:
v1
h11  v 2  0 = input resistance with output short-circuited (ohm)
i1
v
h12  1 i1  0 = fraction of output voltage at the input with input open circuited
v2
(dimensionless).
i2
h21  v 2  0 = negative of current transfer ratio or current gain with output short
i1
circuited (dimensionless)
i2
h22  -1
v1  0 = output conductance with input open-circuited (ohm ).
v2
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Notation : The following convenient alternative subscript notation is recommended

by the IEEE Standards:

i=11= input o = 22 = output

f =21 = forward transfer r = 12 = reverse transfer

In the case of transistors, another subscript (b, e, or c) is added to designate the

type of configuration. For example,
- hib = h11b = input resistance in common –base configuration
- hfe = h21e =short- circuit forward current gain in common-emitter circuit.

We may now use the four h parameters to construct a mathematical model of

the device of Fig.(1). The hybrid circuit for any device indicated in Fig.(2). We can
verify that the model of Fig.(2) satisfies above equations by writing Kirchhoff's
voltage and current laws for input and output ports.

i1 hi i2

Input Output
port v1 hr v2 h f i1 ho v2 port

Fig.(2): The hybrid model for two-port network

Procedure
1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig.(3). With output is short-circuited, put
v1=10V and measure i1, i2. Then calculate h11, h21.
2. Connect the circuit shown in Fig.(4). With input is open-circuited, put v2 =
10V and measure v1, i2. Then calculate h12 and h22.

Discussion:
1. Calculate the theoretical values of h parameters and compare it with result.
2. If you give two-port network with h11=3k , h22=.2m -1, h12=0.7 and h21= 0.5,
find the input voltage to give 1mA pass through the load resistance equal to
1k .
3. What the deference between the two-port network and two terminals network?
4. Why we used two-port network to analyze the transistor circuit?
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A 1k 10k A
i1
i2

10k
10V

Fig.(3)

1k 10k A
i2
10k

v2
V v1 10V

Fig.(4)