Cultural etiquettes: Sri lanka

Presented by:
Group 6
23FMUCHH010168 D S S S Abhideep
23FMUCHH010161 S. Raza Mehdi
23FMUCHH011050 Vallepu Bharathwaj
23FMUCHH011254 Vineeth Innani
23FMUCHH010184 Rohith Rathod
23FMUCHH010110 Rahul Choudhury
23FMUCHH010852 Uppari Vinay Sagar
INTRODUCTION
Sri Lanka is an island nation located in South Asia, situated to the southeast of the
Indian subcontinent.
Sri Lanka is home to a diverse range of ethnic groups, each contributing to the country's
cultural tapestry. The major ethnic groups in Sri Lanka include:

1. **Sinhalese:** The largest ethnic group, constituting the majority of the population.
Sinhalese people primarily speak Sinhala and follow Theravada Buddhism.

2. **Tamils:** The Tamil community is primarily found in the Northern and Eastern
provinces of Sri Lanka. They speak Tamil and are divided into Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian
Tamils, and Sri Lankan Moors.

3. **Sri Lankan Moors:** Primarily followers of Islam, the Moors are a distinct ethnic
group with a unique cultural identity. They are concentrated in various parts of the
island.

4. **Indian Tamils:** Descendants of Indian laborers brought to Sri Lanka during British
colonial times to work on plantations. They form a significant part of the population,
especially in the central regions.

5. **Burghers:** A community of mixed European and Sri Lankan descent, with

historical ties to the colonial period. The Burghers have contributed to Sri Lanka's
cultural and culinary diversity.

6. **Malays:** Descendants of traders and soldiers who arrived from the Malay
Archipelago. The Malay community has its own cultural traditions and language.

7. **Vedda:** The Vedda people are an indigenous group with a distinct language and
lifestyle. They traditionally inhabit the eastern and central regions of the island.

This diversity of ethnicities in Sri Lanka has contributed to the richness and variety of
cultural practices, languages, religions, and traditions found across the country.
Being as culturally diverse as it is, Sri Lanka has a wide range of etiquettes that are
observed by all the residents of this island nation, the most prominent ones of which
include:
Greetings:
Greetings are of two types: formal and informal

Formal gestures of srilankan Greeting include:

*Ayubowan* : This is a traditional and formal greeting in Sinhala, meaning "may you
have a long life." It is often accompanied by a gesture of hands clasped together as if in
prayer and a slight bow.

*Vanakkam* : A formal Tamil greeting, translating to "hello" or "welcome." It is

respectful and commonly used in formal settings.

*Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening:* English greetings are also used in formal

situations, especially in professional or business settings.

Informal Sri Lankan gestures of greeting are:

*_Hallo_* : A casual way of saying "hello" in English, often used in informal settings
among friends or acquaintances.

*Haputé āyubūvan* (හපුටේ ආයුබුවන්): This Sinhala phrase is a more casual way of
expressing "Ayubowan" and might be used among friends and in everyday interactions.

*Kohomadā sahithai* (කොහොමදා සහිතයි): This Sinhala phrase means "How are you?"
and is commonly used in informal settings among friends and family.

*Note* :the level of formality in greetings can vary based on the relationship between
individuals and the context of the interaction. In Sri Lanka, regardless of formality,
greetings often include gestures of respect and politeness.
*Dress code* :
Formal attire in Sri Lanka is influenced by cultural and traditional elements. Here are
some common formal dresses for both men and women:

**For Men:**
1. **Traditional Kandyan Attire:** This includes a "Dhavani" (a draped cloth worn as a
lower garment), a jacket, and a distinctive headgear. It is often worn during special
occasions and cultural events.

2. **Western Business Attire:** In professional settings, men typically wear suits. This
includes a suit jacket, dress shirt, tie, dress trousers, and formal shoes.

3. **National Dress:** The national dress for men is called the "Osariya" or "Dhoti." It
consists of a long piece of cloth wrapped around the legs and a shirt. This attire is
commonly worn during formal occasions and ceremonies.

**For Women:**
1. **Saree:** The saree is a traditional and elegant garment worn by Sri Lankan women
for formal occasions. It consists of a long piece of fabric wrapped around the body,
paired with a blouse and sometimes a shawl.

2. **Western Business Attire:** In professional settings, women often wear formal

business attire, such as suits, blouses, skirts or trousers, and formal shoes.

3. **National Dress:** The national dress for women is the "Osariya" or "Sari." It is
similar to the Indian saree and is commonly worn during formal events, ceremonies, and
cultural celebrations.

4. **Fusion Wear:** Some women may opt for modernized versions of traditional attire,
blending elements of Western and Sri Lankan styles.

It's important to note that the choice of formal attire can vary based on the specific
occasion, personal preferences, and regional customs. Additionally, modesty is
generally valued in Sri Lankan culture, so formal dresses are often conservative and
respectful.
*Punctuality* :
Being on time is valued, though there might be some flexibility in certain situations.
However, it's advisable to arrive punctually for business meetings.

*Respect for Elders* :

Show deference to elders through verbal and non-verbal cues. Use appropriate titles
and gestures when addressing them.

*Removing Footwear:*
Take off your footwear when entering someone's home, religious places, and certain
cultural sites. This practice symbolizes cleanliness and respect for the space.

*Modesty in Dress* :
Dress modestly, especially in religious or formal settings. This reflects cultural values
and is a sign of respect.
**FESTIVALS**
Sri Lanka celebrates a variety of festivals, reflecting its rich cultural and religious
diversity. Some prominent festivals include:

1. **Vesak (May):** Also known as Buddha Purnima, Vesak commemorates the birth,
enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha. Homes, public places, and temples are
adorned with colorful lanterns and lights.

2. **Poson (June):** Poson marks the introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka by Arahat
Mahinda. Devotees engage in religious activities, and there are illuminations similar to
those during Vesak.

3. **Esala Perahera (July/August):** Held in Kandy, this grand festival features a

procession of elephants, traditional dancers, musicians, and religious relics. It honors
the Sacred Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha.

4. **Deepavali (October/November):** Celebrated by the Tamil Hindu community,

Deepavali, or Diwali, is the Festival of Lights. Homes are decorated, and lamps are lit to
symbolize the victory of light over darkness.

5. **Christmas (December):** Christmas is celebrated by the Christian community with

religious services and festive decorations. Colombo and other urban areas showcase
colorful lights and decorations during the holiday season.

6. **Tamil Thai Pongal (January):** This harvest festival is celebrated by the Tamil
community. It involves cooking a special dish called Pongal and paying homage to the
Sun God for a bountiful harvest.

7. **Aluth Avurudda (Sinhala and Tamil New Year - April):** This is the traditional New
Year celebration, marked by astrological timings. Families clean their homes, exchange
gifts, and enjoy traditional sweetmeats and games.

8. **Maha Shivaratri (February/March):** Celebrated by Hindus, Maha Shivaratri is

dedicated to Lord Shiva. Devotees observe fasting, visit temples, and engage in
religious rituals.

9. **Ramadan (Lunar month):** Muslims observe Ramadan, a month of fasting from

dawn to sunset. The festival concludes with Eid al-Fitr, marked by communal prayers
and festive meals.

These festivals contribute to the vibrant cultural tapestry of Sri Lanka, providing
opportunities for communities to come together, celebrate, and uphold their religious
and cultural Heritage.
*Gifting etiquettes*

*Gifts for Hosts* :

If invited to someone's home, it is polite to bring a small gift for the host. Traditional
sweets, fruits, or flowers are common choices.

*Avoid White Wrapping Paper:* White wrapping paper is often associated with funerals
and mourning in Sri Lanka. It's advisable to choose colorful or decorative wrapping
paper for gifts.

*Offering and Receiving* :

Use both hands when giving or receiving items, especially when presenting gifts. It's a
sign of respect and courtesy.

*Acknowledging the Gift* :

If you receive a gift, promptly acknowledge it with a thank-you note, message, or a
follow-up call expressing your appreciation.

*Be Mindful of Religious Sensitivities:*

Consider the recipient's religious beliefs when selecting a gift. Avoid items that may be
inappropriate or offensive in a religious context.

By adhering to these gifting etiquettes, you show respect for the cultural nuances in Sri
Lanka and enhance the positive nature of your interactions with others.
*Professional etiquettes*

In Sri Lanka, professional etiquette is important for building relationships and conducting
business. Some key points include:

*Scheduling of a meeting* :
In Sri Lanka, there are certain times when scheduling a meeting may be considered
inappropriate due to cultural or religious reasons. Here are some instances when you
should avoid scheduling meetings in a professional setting:

*Public Holidays* : Sri Lanka celebrates various public holidays, many of which have
cultural or religious significance. Avoid scheduling meetings on these days, as people
may be observing traditions or spending time with their families.

*Buddhist Religious Observances:* Sri Lanka is predominantly Buddhist, and there are
Poya Days (full moon days) when Buddhists observe religious activities. It's respectful
to avoid scheduling meetings on these days.

*Major Religious Festivals:* During major religious festivals such as Vesak, Poson,
Esala Perahera, Deepavali, Christmas
Tamil Thai Pongal, Aluth Avurudda, people may be engaged in religious activities or
spending time with their families. It's considerate to avoid scheduling meetings during
these times.

*Lunchtime and Prayer Times* : Be mindful of lunchtime and prayer times, especially
during the month of Ramadan for Muslim colleagues. Scheduling meetings during these
times may disrupt individuals observing these practices.

*Late Afternoons on Fridays* : In some workplaces, especially during the warmer

months, there may be a preference to conclude work early on Fridays. Avoid scheduling
important or lengthy meetings late in the afternoon on Fridays.

**Punctuality:** Being punctual is valued, although meetings may start a bit later than
scheduled. It's respectful to arrive on time

**Greetings:** Begin meetings with a traditional greeting such as "Ayubowan" (may you
live long) and maintain a level of formality.

**Meeting Etiquette:** Meetings often begin with small talk before delving into business
matters. Patience is essential, as negotiations may take time.

**Dress Code:** Dressing conservatively is common in professional settings. Business

attire, such as suits and ties for men and conservative dresses or suits for women, is
typically appropriate.
 **Respect for Hierarchy:** Respect for authority and hierarchy is significant. Addressing
individuals by their titles and using appropriate honorifics is customary.

**Communication Style:** Maintain a polite and indirect communication style. It's

common to avoid direct confrontation and use subtle language to convey messages.

**Gift Giving:** Presenting a gift is a thoughtful gesture. However, gifts should be given
and received with both hands, and it's customary to express gratitude.

**Dining Etiquette:** If invited to a meal, wait to be seated and allow the host to start
eating first. It's customary to finish everything on your plate as a sign of appreciation.

*Cutlery etiquettes*
In Sri Lanka, as in many other cultures, there are specific etiquettes related to the use of
cutlery. Here are some guidelines:

1. **Use the Right Hand:** Traditionally, eating is done with the right hand. If you are
using cutlery, hold it in your right hand.

2. **No Left-Handed Eating:** Using the left hand for eating is generally considered
impolite. The left hand is often associated with hygiene practices and is not used for
handling food.

3. **Serving Others:** If you are serving food to others, use serving utensils rather than
your personal eating utensils to transfer food onto their plates.

4. **Wait for Elders:** In more traditional settings, it is polite to wait for elders or senior
individuals to start eating before you begin.

5. **Finish Your Plate:** It is generally appreciated if you finish the food on your plate,
as leaving a significant amount may be seen as wasteful.

6. **Eating with Fingers:** In some situations, especially when consuming traditional Sri
Lankan dishes, it is common to eat with your fingers. Wash your hands before and after
the meal.

7. **Cutlery Placement:**
In Sri Lanka, cutlery positioning etiquette shares some similarities with general Western
dining practices. Here are guidelines for cutlery placement in a formal setting:

A. **Finished Eating Position:**

- Place the knife and fork together at an angle on the plate. The fork should be tines
down, and the knife blade should be facing in, forming a V shape. This signals that you
have finished eating.
B. **Continuation Position:**
- If you're taking a break but plan to continue eating, place the knife and fork in the
center of the plate. The fork should be tines down, and the knife blade should be facing
in.

C. **Signal for Server:**

- To signal to the server that you are still eating, position the knife and fork diagonally
across the center of the plate. The fork should be tines down, and the knife blade
should be facing in.

D. *Dissatisfaction*

Using cutlery positioning to express dissatisfaction with the food is generally not a
cultural norm or polite practice in many settings, including Sri Lanka. Instead, if you
encounter issues with the food, it's more appropriate to address your concerns verbally
and directly with the staff or the person responsible.
If you're dissatisfied with a meal in a restaurant or at an event, consider the following
polite approaches:
i *Communicate Verbally* : If a waiter or host asks about your meal, express your
concerns politely. Provide constructive feedback rather than simply stating
dissatisfaction.
ii *Private Discussion* : If the issue is more substantial, discreetly discuss it with the
manager or person in charge. Avoid making a scene in public.
iii *Be Specific* : Clearly articulate what aspects of the food you found unsatisfactory.
This helps staff understand and address the issue more effectively.

8. **Respect Local Customs:** If you are unsure about cutlery use in a specific situation,
observe those around you or ask for guidance discreetly.

By being mindful of these cutlery etiquettes, you show respect for local customs and
contribute to a positive dining experience in Sri Lanka.

**Religious Sensitivity:** Sri Lanka is diverse in terms of religion. Be mindful of religious

customs and festivals to avoid scheduling meetings during important religious events.

*Business card etiquettes*

In Sri Lanka, business card etiquette is important for making a positive impression. Here
are some guidelines:

1. **Exchange with the Right Hand:** Present and receive business cards with your
right hand, or with both hands as a sign of respect.

2. **Respect the Card:** Handle business cards with care and respect. Avoid writing on
or folding the card in the presence of the person who gave it to you.
3. **Details Matter:** Include your job title and any advanced degrees on your business
card. This information is considered important.

4. **Two Languages:** It's common to have business cards printed in both English and
Sinhala or Tamil, reflecting the country's bilingual nature.

5. **Presenting Multiple Cards:** If you are in a group or meeting, present your card to
the most senior person first, and then distribute cards to others in descending order of
seniority.

6. **Accepting Cards:** When receiving a card, take a moment to look at it before

putting it away. This shows respect for the giver.

7. **Use Both Hands:** When presenting or receiving a card, you can use both hands,
especially in more formal or traditional settings.

8. **Appropriate Time:** Exchange business cards at the beginning or end of a meeting.

It is a formal introduction, and doing so at the right time is considered polite.

9. **Keep Them Neat:** Ensure your business cards are clean and in good condition. A
well-maintained card reflects positively on your professionalism.

10. **Follow-Up:** After a meeting, take note of the information on the business cards
you received. This will help you remember and follow up appropriately.

By following these business card etiquettes, you show respect for local customs and
contribute to building positive professional relationships in Sri Lanka.

**Follow-Up:** After meetings, sending a follow-up email expressing gratitude and

summarizing key points is considered courteous.

Remember that customs may vary across regions and industries, so it's advisable to be
observant and adapt to the specific context.
**FOOD**
In Sri Lanka, food plays a significant role in marriage customs and ceremonies.
Traditional Sri Lankan weddings are vibrant and culturally rich, with diverse culinary
traditions. Here are some aspects related to food and marriage in Sri Lanka:

1. **Feast and Celebration:** Weddings in Sri Lanka are often celebrated with elaborate
feasts. Families go to great lengths to prepare a variety of traditional dishes to serve
guests.

2. **Culinary Diversity:** Sri Lanka's diverse ethnic and religious communities contribute
to a rich variety of culinary offerings at weddings. Sinhala, Tamil, Moor, and Burgher
communities may have distinct dishes, reflecting their cultural and regional
backgrounds.

3. **Kiri Bath and Kiribath:**

- **Kiri Bath:** A ceremonial dish made of rice cooked in coconut milk, typically served
at auspicious occasions including weddings.
- **Kiribath:** A milk rice cake, often cut into diamond shapes, symbolizing prosperity
and good fortune.

4. **Traditional Sweets and Savories:**

- Various traditional sweets and savories are prepared for weddings. "Kavum" (oil
cake), "kokis" (crispy fried cookies), and "athirasa" are commonly included.

5. **Serving Rituals:**
- In some traditions, the bride and groom may share a symbolic first meal together,
signifying the beginning of their journey as a married couple.

6. **Customary Drinks:**
- Drinks such as "Nelli Crush" (gooseberry juice) and other traditional beverages are
often served.

7. **Wedding Cake:** A Western-style wedding cake is becoming more common in Sri

Lankan weddings, often alongside traditional sweets.

8. **Feeding Rituals:** There are customs where family members or the couple feed
each other as a symbolic gesture of care and unity.

9. **Banquet Style:** Modern weddings in Sri Lanka often feature banquet-style

receptions with a wide array of dishes, including both traditional and international
cuisine.

Food is not only a source of nourishment but also an integral part of celebrating love
and union in Sri Lankan weddings. The culinary aspects of these ceremonies reflect the
country's rich cultural diversity and tradition.
THANK YOU