Functions Class12 One Shot #Bounceback
Functions Class12 One Shot #Bounceback
One Shot
Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT Patna
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1. Intersection
2. Union
3. Difference
4. Compliment
5. Cross product
Example
U = {1, 2, 3, …, 10}
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Cross Product (A x B) Ordered Pair (x, y) ≠ (y,
x)
True or False
1. 1∈A
2. 1∈AxB
3. (1, a) ∈ A x B
4. { (1, a) } ⊂ A x B
How many subsets will the following sets have?
A = {1, 2} A = { 1, 2, 3 }
Conclusion
Number of subsets of set A = 2n
where n → number of element in set A
A x B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a) (2, b), (3, a), (3, b)}
A subset of A x B
A B
1
a
2
b
3
Relations in Real life
A = { 1, 2, 3}
B = {a , b, c }
R: A ➝ B
R = {(1, a), (2, b)}
Identity Relations
Every element of A is
related to itself only
Representation of Relations
1. Roster form
Reflexive
A. An equivalence relation
D. Reflexive only
Domain, Codomain and Range of Relations
R = {(3, 2), (5, 4), (7, 2), (7, 4), (7, 6)}
Domain = A B
Codomain =
Range = 1 2
3
4
5
6
7 8
Domain, Codomain and Range of Relations
Domain of R : Collection of all elements of A which has a image in B
Range of R : Collection of all elements of B which has a pre-image in A
If R = {(x, y)| x, y ∈ Z, x2 + y2 ≤ 4} is a relation in Z, then domain of R is -
A. {0, 1, 2}
D. None of these
Inverse of a Relation
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }
B = { a, b, c, d }
R:A→B
R = {(1, a), (2, b), (3, c), (4, d)}
A B B A
1 a a 1
2 b b 2
3 c c 3
4 d d 4
A. {0, 1}
B. {-2, -1, 1, 2}
D. {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}
Functions
Basic Definition
Functions
Fruits Juice
Juicer
√x
Non-Negative v/s Positive real numbers
Functions
Advance Definition
Advance Definition
A = {1, 2, 3}
B = {a, b}
A x B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a) (2, b), (3, a), (3, b)}
AxB
Subset of A x B = Relations
A B
1
a
2
b
3
Function or not ?
A B
1 a
2 b
3
Function or not ?
A B
a
1
b
2
c
3
d
Function or not ?
X Y
1 a
2 b
3 c
4 d
e
Is Ramayan a function?
MAHABHARAT
Arjun
Bhim
Yudhisthir Draupadi
Nakul
Sahadev
Examples
A B A B
a p a p
b q b q
c r c r
d s d s
f f
A B A B
a p a p
b q b q
c r c r
d s d s
t
Domain, Codomain and Range of functions
A B
Domain =
Codomain = a p
Range = b q
c r
d s
Domain, Codomain and Range of functions
Domain =
Codomain = A B
Range =
1 1
-1 4
3 9
-3 16
Types of
Functions
Types of functions
1. One-one and many-one
2. Onto and into
One-one and Many-one functions
A B A B
a p a p
b q b q
c r c r
d s d s
Onto and Into functions
A B A B
a p a p
b q b q
c r c r
d s d s
One-one or Many-one ?
y = x2
y=|x|
Shortcut - Graphical method
y = x3 y = 1/x
Horizontal line test
y = cos
y = sin x
x
All periodic functions are many-one ?
y = sin x
Vertical line test
Are they functions ?
Names
Onto ↔ Surjective
Why?
If the function is Many-one
A B A B
1 1
-
1 -1 1
1
2 4 2 4
-2 -2
If the function is INTO
A B A B
1 a 1 a
2 b 2 b
c c
ODD / Even
Functions
Even and Odd functions
NOTE
A. Odd
B. Even
B. Even
B. Even
y = sinx
ODD functions
y = 1/x
Let g(x) = f(x) + f(-x) and h(x) = f(x) - f(-x) then
EVEN ODD
Represent 2x as sum of odd function and even function
Combinations
f(x) g(x) f(x) + g(x) f(x) - g(x) f(x) . g(x) f(x) / g(x)
odd odd
odd even
even odd
even even
Graph of
Functions
Graph of Functions
1) Polynomial functions
2) Modulus function
3) Signum function
4) Exponential functions
5) Logarithmic functions
6) Greatest Integer function
7) Fractional Part function
8) Trigonometric functions
Polynomial
Functions
Polynomial functions
Quadratic Parabola
Cubic N shaped
Visualize
Linear
Visualize
Quadratic
Visualize
Cubic
Note 1 :
All polynomials are continuous and differentiable
Function will be continuous if --
➔ Graph can be drawn without lifting pen
➔ There is no break in graph
y=|x|
Modulus function
f: R → R
f(x) = |x|
Kundli
Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
The number of real solutions of the equation, x2 - |x| - 12 = 0 is :
A. 2 [JEE Main
2021]
B. 3
C. 1
D. 4
Signum
Function
Signum function
Positive 1
0 Sgn (x) 0
Negative -1
Signum function
OR
Signum function
Kundli
Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Exponential
Function
Exponential function (ax)
a>1
Exponential function (ax)
0<a<1
Kundli
Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Logarithmic
Function
Logarithmic function (loga x)
a>1
Logarithmic function (loga x)
0<a<1
Kundli
Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Greatest
Integer
Function
Greatest integer function
Greatest integer function
Kundli
Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Let |x| denote the greatest less than or equal to x. Then, the values of
x ∈ R satisfying the equation [ex]2 + [ex + 1] - 3 = 0 lie in the interval :
A. [ 0, 1/e )
D. [ 0, logc 2)
Let [t] denote the greatest integer ≤ t. Then the equation in x,
[x]2 + 2[x + 2] - 7 = 0 has :
C. No integral solution
Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Trigonometric
Function
Trigonometric functions
Trigonometric functions
Common properties
1. Many-one
2. Even/Odd
3. Periodic
Miscellaneous
Functions
Miscellaneous functions
Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Miscellaneous functions
y = [sinx]
Miscellaneous functions
Miscellaneous functions
y = [x2]
x x2 [x2]
0≤x<1 x2
1 ≤ x < √2 x2
√2 ≤ x < √3 x2
√3 ≤ x < 2 x2
Miscellaneous functions
y = [x2]
Miscellaneous functions
y = [x2]
How to Find
Domain?
How to Find Domain ?
Find the domain of following function
D. (1, 2) U (2, ∞)
Find the domain of following function
B. [-2, 0) U (0, 1)
C. (-2, 1) - {0}
D. (-2, 1)
How to Find
Range?
Methods to Find Range
1. Using range of pre-defined functions
2. a sinx + b cosx
3.
4. (1 factor common)
5.
Using range of pre-defined functions
Find the range of following function f(x) = 3 sin x + 4
A. [1, 7]
B. [-1, 7]
C. (1, 7)
D. (-1, 7)
Method 2
Find the range of following function f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cosx + 5
Method 3
A. R
B. R - {3}
C. R - {3 ,1}
D. R - {1}
Find the range of following function
A. [0, 1)
B. [0, 1]
C. (0, 1)
D. None
Method 4
Find the range of following function
A.
B. R - {1}
C. R
D.
Method 5
Step - 2 D≥0
Find the range of following function
A.
B.
C.
D.
If the function f : R - {1, -1} → A defined by is surjective,
B. [0,∞ ]
C. R - [-1, 0)
D. R - (-1, 0)
If f : [0, ∞) ⟶ [0, ∞), and then f is
1 a
2 b
3 c
4 d
Case I: n(A) = n(B)
1 a
2 b
3. Number of many one functions
3 c
4 d
Case I: n(A) = n(B)
4. Number of onto functions
A B
1 a
2 b
5. Number of into functions
3 c
4 d
Case II: n(A) = n(B)
1. Total number of functions
1
a
2
b
3
c
4
d
5
Case II: n(A) = n(B)
1
a
2
b
3. Number of many one functions 3
c
4
d
5
Case II: n(A) = n(B)
4. Number of onto functions A B
1
a
2
b
5. Number of into functions 3
c
4
d
5
Case III: n(A) < n(B)
1. Total number of functions
1 a
2 b
c
3
d
4
e
Case III: n(A) < n(B)
1
a
2
b
3
3. Number of many one functions
c
4
d
5
Case III: n(A) < n(B)
4. Number of onto functions A B
n(A) = n(B) ba a! a!
A. 14
(IIT 2001)
B. 16
C. 12
D. 8
Let x denote the total number of one - one functions from a set A with
3 elements to set B with 5 elements and y denote the total number of
one - one functions from the set A to the set A x B. Then :
[JEE Main
2021]
A. y = 273x
B. 2y = 91x
C. y = 91x
D. 2y = 273x
Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then the number of bijective functions
f : A ⟶ A such that f(1) + f(2) = 3 - f(3) is equal to
[JEE Main
2021]
Equal/Identical
Functions
Equal/Identical functions
Equal/Identical functions
1. The domain of f = the domain of g
2. The range of f = the range of g
3. f(x) = g(x), for every x belonging to their common
domain
or
g(x)
x g f f(g(x))
Representation of Composite functions
fog(x) = f(g(x))
gof(x) = g (f(x))
fof(x) = f(f(x))
gog(x) = g(g(x))
How to find fog?
f(x) = sinx
g(x) = √x
Find fog / gof / gog / fof ?
f(x) = x2 + 6
g(x) = 2x - 1
Properties of Composite fn
A. 0≤x≤1
B. 0≤x<1
C. 0<x≤1
D. 0<x<1
Let f : R ⟶ R be defined as f(x) = 2x - 1 and g : R - {1} ⟶ R be defined
A. 3/2
[JEE Main 2020]
B. -1/2
C. 1/2
D. -3/2
A. 2f(x)
[JEE Main
B. 2f(x2) 2019]
C. (f(x))2
D. -2f(x)
Periodic
Functions
Periodic Functions
Graph repeats
Periodic Functions
sin x
tan x
cos x
cot x
cosec x
{x}
sec x
Fundamental Period
2. Generally, if f(x) has period T then g(f(x)) also has period T, T may not
be fundamental period
{sin x} sin {x}
sin (cosx)
Properties of Periodic Functions
3. Every constant function is always periodic, with no fundamental period
Properties of Periodic Functions
A. 9
B. 12
C. 16
D. 24
DIY
Functional
Equations
Functional Equations
Method 1: Iteration
Method 2: Replacement
b 2 2 b
c 3 3 c
i. f : R → R+ , f(x) = 10x+1
Find the inverse of the following bijective function.
ii. f(x) = 3x - 5
Properties of inverse of a function
A. [JEE Main
No such α exists
2021]
B. 5
C. 8
D. 6
Let f : R - {3} ⟶ R - {1} be defined by f(x) = x-2/x-3. Let g : R ⟶ R be
given as g(x) = 2x - 3. Then, the sum of all the values of x for which
f-1 (x) + g-1(x) = 13/2 is equal to
A. 7
[JEE Main
B. 2021]
2
C. 5
D. 3
The inverse function of f(x) =
B.
C.
D.
Graphical
Transformation
Graphical Transformation
y = f(x)
Graphical Transformation
y = f(x) - K ⇒ Down
y = f(x + K) ⇒ Left
y = f(x - K) ⇒ Right
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