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Functions Class12 One Shot #Bounceback

The document discusses relations and functions. It defines sets, operations on sets like intersection and union, and cross products of sets. It explains relations as subsets of cross products and discusses properties of relations like reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. It defines functions as special types of relations where each element of the domain has a unique image. It discusses domain, codomain, and range of functions. It also explains one-one, onto, and bijective functions. Finally, it discusses even and odd functions.

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karmanyab147
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (1 vote)
509 views

Functions Class12 One Shot #Bounceback

The document discusses relations and functions. It defines sets, operations on sets like intersection and union, and cross products of sets. It explains relations as subsets of cross products and discusses properties of relations like reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. It defines functions as special types of relations where each element of the domain has a unique image. It discusses domain, codomain, and range of functions. It also explains one-one, onto, and bijective functions. Finally, it discusses even and odd functions.

Uploaded by

karmanyab147
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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rELATIONS AND fUNCTIONS

One Shot
Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT Patna
Join with us in Telegram
Telegram Channel

● t.me/unacademyatoms

Complete Notes and Lectures

● livedaily.me/atoms
India’s BEST Educators Unacademy Subscription

If you want to be the BEST


“Learn” from the BEST
NVLIVE NVLIVE
What is a Set ?
Well defined collection of objects

A = your favourite actor

B = a set of natural numbers


N⊂W⊂Z⊂Q⊂R⊂C
Operations on Sets

1. Intersection

2. Union

3. Difference

4. Compliment

5. Cross product
Example
U = {1, 2, 3, …, 10}
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Cross Product (A x B) Ordered Pair (x, y) ≠ (y,
x)

A = {1, 2, 3} Number of elements


B = {a, b} n(A x B) = n(A).n(B)
A x B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a) (2, b), (3, a), (3, b)}

True or False

1. 1∈A
2. 1∈AxB
3. (1, a) ∈ A x B
4. { (1, a) } ⊂ A x B
How many subsets will the following sets have?

A = {1, 2} A = { 1, 2, 3 }
Conclusion
Number of subsets of set A = 2n
where n → number of element in set A
A x B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a) (2, b), (3, a), (3, b)}

How many subsets will A x B have ?


Relations

A subset of A x B

If n(A) = m & n(B) = n then the number of


Relations = 2mn
Visual Representation (Arrow Diagram)

A B

1
a
2
b
3
Relations in Real life
A = { 1, 2, 3}
B = {a , b, c }
R: A ➝ B
R = {(1, a), (2, b)}
Identity Relations

Every element of A is
related to itself only
Representation of Relations

1. Roster form

2. Set builder form


Types of Relations

Reflexive

Symmetric (a, a) ∈ R for all a ∈ A

If (a, b) ∈ R then (b, a) ∈ R Transitive


If (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R
then (a, c) ∈ R
Anti- Symmetric

If (a, b) ∈ R and (b, a) ∈ R ⇒ a = b


The relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}
on set A = {1, 2, 3} is -

A. Reflexive but not symmetric

B. Reflexive but not transitive

C. Symmetric and transitive

D. Neither symmetric nor transitive


The relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2), (2, 3)} on
the set A= {1, 2, 3} is -

A. Reflexive but not symmetric

B. Reflexive but not transitive

C. Symmetric and transitive

D. Neither symmetric nor transitive


Let R = {(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12), (6, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12), (3, 6)}
be a relation on the set A = {3, 6, 9, 12}. The relation is -

A. An equivalence relation

B. Reflexive and symmetric only

C. Reflexive and transitive only

D. Reflexive only
Domain, Codomain and Range of Relations

A = {1, 3, 5, 7}; B = {2, 4, 6, 8}

R = {(3, 2), (5, 4), (7, 2), (7, 4), (7, 6)}

Domain = A B
Codomain =

Range = 1 2

3
4

5
6
7 8
Domain, Codomain and Range of Relations
Domain of R : Collection of all elements of A which has a image in B
Range of R : Collection of all elements of B which has a pre-image in A
If R = {(x, y)| x, y ∈ Z, x2 + y2 ≤ 4} is a relation in Z, then domain of R is -

A. {0, 1, 2}

B. {0, -1, -2}

C. {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2} JEE MAIN 2021

D. None of these
Inverse of a Relation
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4 }
B = { a, b, c, d }

R:A→B
R = {(1, a), (2, b), (3, c), (4, d)}
A B B A

1 a a 1

2 b b 2

3 c c 3

4 d d 4

Domain of R = Range of R-1


Range of R = domain of R-1
If R = {(x, y); x, y ∈ Z, x2 + 3y2 ≤ 8} is a relation on the set of integers Z,
then the domain of R-1 is :

A. {0, 1}

B. {-2, -1, 1, 2}

C. {-1, 0, 1} JEE MAIN 2021

D. {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}
Functions
Basic Definition
Functions

Input Machine Output

Fruits Juice
Juicer

√x
Non-Negative v/s Positive real numbers
Functions
Advance Definition
Advance Definition
A = {1, 2, 3}

B = {a, b}

A x B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a) (2, b), (3, a), (3, b)}

AxB

Subset of A x B = Relations

Function Not function


Definition
Every element of A must have one and only one image in B

A B

1
a
2
b
3
Function or not ?

A B

1 a

2 b

3
Function or not ?
A B

a
1
b
2
c
3
d
Function or not ?
X Y

1 a

2 b

3 c

4 d

e
Is Ramayan a function?
MAHABHARAT

Arjun

Bhim

Yudhisthir Draupadi

Nakul

Sahadev
Examples
A B A B
a p a p
b q b q
c r c r
d s d s

f f
A B A B
a p a p
b q b q
c r c r
d s d s
t
Domain, Codomain and Range of functions

A B
Domain =

Codomain = a p

Range = b q

c r

d s
Domain, Codomain and Range of functions

Domain =

Codomain = A B

Range =
1 1

-1 4

3 9

-3 16
Types of
Functions
Types of functions
1. One-one and many-one
2. Onto and into
One-one and Many-one functions

A B A B

a p a p

b q b q

c r c r
d s d s
Onto and Into functions

A B A B

a p a p

b q b q

c r c r
d s d s
One-one or Many-one ?

y = x2

y=|x|
Shortcut - Graphical method

Horizontal line test

Vertical line test

HLT → To check whether the fn is one-one/many-one

VLT → to check whether it is fn or not


Horizontal line test
Horizontal line test

y = x3 y = 1/x
Horizontal line test

y = cos
y = sin x
x
All periodic functions are many-one ?

y = sin x
Vertical line test
Are they functions ?
Names

One - one ↔ Injective

Onto ↔ Surjective

Injective + Surjective = Bijective


Inverse of a function
f-1(x) → inverse of function exists only for bijective fn

Why?
If the function is Many-one

A B A B

1 1
-
1 -1 1
1
2 4 2 4
-2 -2
If the function is INTO

A B A B

1 a 1 a
2 b 2 b
c c
ODD / Even
Functions
Even and Odd functions

Odd f(-x) = -f(x)

Even f(-x) = f(x)


Even and Odd functions
Even Odd

If f(-x) = f (x) If f(-x) = -f(x)

Eg. |x|, x2 Eg. x, x3

Eg. cos x, sec x Eg. sin x, cosec x


tan x , cot x

NOTE

1. A function might be neither odd nor even


2. f(x)=0 is the only function which is both even as
well as odd.
Check if function is odd/even ?
1. f(x) = x3 + x
2. g(x) = x2 + |x|
f (x) = 2x3 - x + 1

A. Odd

B. Even

C. Neither odd nor even

D. Both even as well as odd


A. Odd

B. Even

C. Neither odd nor even

D. Both even as well as odd


A. Odd

B. Even

C. Neither odd nor even

D. Both even as well as odd


Graphical Understanding

Odd f(-x) = -f(x) Graphically

Odd ⇒ Symmetric about origin

Even ⇒ Symmetric about y-axis


Even f(-x) = f(x)
EVEN functions
Think and Tell !
All Even functions are always many-one? (True/False)
Symmetric about origin - kya matlab?
Symmetric about origin = Odd Function

y = sinx
ODD functions
y = 1/x
Let g(x) = f(x) + f(-x) and h(x) = f(x) - f(-x) then

A. g(x) is odd and h(x) is odd

B. g(x) is even and h(x) is odd

C. g(x) is odd and h(x) is even

D. g(x) is even and h(x) is even


Property
Any function f(x) can be represented as sum of odd function and even
function

EVEN ODD
Represent 2x as sum of odd function and even function
Combinations
f(x) g(x) f(x) + g(x) f(x) - g(x) f(x) . g(x) f(x) / g(x)

odd odd

odd even

even odd

even even
Graph of
Functions
Graph of Functions
1) Polynomial functions
2) Modulus function
3) Signum function
4) Exponential functions
5) Logarithmic functions
6) Greatest Integer function
7) Fractional Part function
8) Trigonometric functions
Polynomial
Functions
Polynomial functions

Linear Straight line

Quadratic Parabola

Cubic N shaped
Visualize

Linear
Visualize
Quadratic
Visualize
Cubic
Note 1 :
All polynomials are continuous and differentiable
Function will be continuous if --
➔ Graph can be drawn without lifting pen
➔ There is no break in graph

Function will be differentiable/derivable if --


➔ Function is continuous
➔ There is no sharp corner
Note 2 :
Range of odd degree polynomials is always (-∞,∞)
Modulus
Functions
Modulus function

y=|x|
Modulus function
f: R → R
f(x) = |x|
Kundli

Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
The number of real solutions of the equation, x2 - |x| - 12 = 0 is :

A. 2 [JEE Main
2021]
B. 3

C. 1

D. 4
Signum
Function
Signum function

Positive 1

0 Sgn (x) 0

Negative -1
Signum function

OR
Signum function
Kundli

Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Exponential
Function
Exponential function (ax)
a>1
Exponential function (ax)

0<a<1
Kundli

Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Logarithmic
Function
Logarithmic function (loga x)

a>1
Logarithmic function (loga x)
0<a<1
Kundli

Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Greatest
Integer
Function
Greatest integer function
Greatest integer function
Kundli

Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Let |x| denote the greatest less than or equal to x. Then, the values of
x ∈ R satisfying the equation [ex]2 + [ex + 1] - 3 = 0 lie in the interval :

A. [ 0, 1/e )

B. [ logc 2, logc 3 ) [JEE Main


2021]
C. [ 1, e )

D. [ 0, logc 2)
Let [t] denote the greatest integer ≤ t. Then the equation in x,
[x]2 + 2[x + 2] - 7 = 0 has :

A. [JEE Main 2020]


Exactly two solutions

B. Exactly four integral solutions

C. No integral solution

D. Infinitely many solutions


Fractional Part
Function
Fractional part function
Fractional part function
Kundli

Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Trigonometric
Function
Trigonometric functions
Trigonometric functions

Common properties

1. Many-one
2. Even/Odd
3. Periodic
Miscellaneous
Functions
Miscellaneous functions

f(x) = [x] + [-x]


Graph
f(x) = [x] + [-x]
Kundli

Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Miscellaneous functions

f(x) = {x} + {-x}


Graph
f(x) = {x} + {-x}
Kundli
Domain:
Codomain:
Range:
Many-one/One-one:
Into/Onto:
Even/Odd:
Continuous:
Derivable:
Miscellaneous functions
y = [sinx]
Miscellaneous functions

y = [sinx]
Miscellaneous functions
Miscellaneous functions
y = [x2]

x x2 [x2]

0≤x<1 x2

1 ≤ x < √2 x2
√2 ≤ x < √3 x2

√3 ≤ x < 2 x2
Miscellaneous functions

y = [x2]
Miscellaneous functions

y = [x2]
How to Find
Domain?
How to Find Domain ?
Find the domain of following function

A. (-1, 0) U (1, 2) U (3, ∞) 9th Apr 2019, Shift 2

B. (-2, -1) U (-1, 0) U (2, ∞)

C. (-1, 0) U (1, 2) U (2, ∞)

D. (1, 2) U (2, ∞)
Find the domain of following function

JEE Main 2020


A. [-2, 1)

B. [-2, 0) U (0, 1)

C. (-2, 1) - {0}

D. (-2, 1)
How to Find
Range?
Methods to Find Range
1. Using range of pre-defined functions

2. a sinx + b cosx

3.

4. (1 factor common)

5.
Using range of pre-defined functions
Find the range of following function f(x) = 3 sin x + 4

A. [1, 7]

B. [-1, 7]

C. (1, 7)

D. (-1, 7)
Method 2
Find the range of following function f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cosx + 5
Method 3

Step - 1 Write x = f(y)

Step - 2 Find domain of f(y)


Find the range of following function

A. R

B. R - {3}

C. R - {3 ,1}

D. R - {1}
Find the range of following function

A. [0, 1)

B. [0, 1]

C. (0, 1)

D. None
Method 4
Find the range of following function

A.

B. R - {1}

C. R

D.
Method 5

Step - 1 Cross multiply and make Q.E. in ‘x’

Step - 2 D≥0
Find the range of following function

A.

B.

C.

D.
If the function f : R - {1, -1} → A defined by is surjective,

then A is equal to:

(JEE - Mains - 2019)


A. R - {-1}

B. [0,∞ ]

C. R - [-1, 0)

D. R - (-1, 0)
If f : [0, ∞) ⟶ [0, ∞), and then f is

one - one and onto (2003)


A.

B. onto but not onto

C. one - one but not onto

D. Neither one - one nor onto


Graph of
Linear/Linear
Graph of L/L
Graph of L/L
Graph of L/L
Graph of L/L
Permutation and
Combination
Problems
Permutation & Combination Problems

Case 1 n(A) = n(B)

Case 2 n(A) > n(B)

Case 3 n(A) < n(B)


Case I: n(A) = n(B)
1. Total number of functions

2. Number of one-one functions

3. Number of many one functions

4. Number of onto functions

5. Number of into functions


Case I: n(A) = n(B)
1. Total number of functions
A B

1 a

2 b

3 c

4 d
Case I: n(A) = n(B)

2. Number of one-one functions


A B

1 a

2 b
3. Number of many one functions
3 c

4 d
Case I: n(A) = n(B)
4. Number of onto functions
A B

1 a

2 b
5. Number of into functions
3 c

4 d
Case II: n(A) = n(B)
1. Total number of functions

2. Number of one-one functions

3. Number of many one functions

4. Number of onto functions

5. Number of into functions


Case II: n(A) = n(B)
1. Total number of functions A B

1
a
2
b
3
c
4
d
5
Case II: n(A) = n(B)

2. Number of one-one functions A B

1
a
2
b
3. Number of many one functions 3
c
4
d
5
Case II: n(A) = n(B)
4. Number of onto functions A B

1
a
2
b
5. Number of into functions 3
c
4
d
5
Case III: n(A) < n(B)
1. Total number of functions

2. Number of one-one functions

3. Number of many one functions

4. Number of onto functions

5. Number of into functions


Case III: n(A) < n(B)
1. Total number of functions A B

1 a

2 b

c
3
d
4
e
Case III: n(A) < n(B)

2. Number of one-one functions A B

1
a
2
b
3
3. Number of many one functions
c
4
d
5
Case III: n(A) < n(B)
4. Number of onto functions A B

5. Number of into functions


1
a
2
b
3
c
4
d
5
Summary

n(A) = a and n(B) = b

CASE Total onto one-one

n(A) = n(B) ba a! a!

n(A) > n(B) ba Grouping 0

n(A) < n(B) ba 0


Let X be a set with exactly 5 elements and Y be a set with exactly 7
elements. If α is the number of one-one functions from X to Y and β is
the number of onto functions from Y to X, then the value of
is_______.
(JEE Adv. 2018)
Let E = {1, 2, 3,4} and F = {1, 2}. Then the number of onto functions
from E to F is

A. 14
(IIT 2001)

B. 16

C. 12

D. 8
Let x denote the total number of one - one functions from a set A with
3 elements to set B with 5 elements and y denote the total number of
one - one functions from the set A to the set A x B. Then :
[JEE Main
2021]
A. y = 273x

B. 2y = 91x

C. y = 91x

D. 2y = 273x
Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then the number of bijective functions
f : A ⟶ A such that f(1) + f(2) = 3 - f(3) is equal to
[JEE Main
2021]
Equal/Identical
Functions
Equal/Identical functions
Equal/Identical functions
1. The domain of f = the domain of g
2. The range of f = the range of g
3. f(x) = g(x), for every x belonging to their common
domain

or

In short, Graph of two fn should be same


f(x) = ln x2 and g(x) = 2ln x
f(x) = ln(ex), g(x) = elnx
Homogeneous
Functions
Homogeneous Functions

f(x, y) is a homogeneous function iff


f(λx, λy) = λn f(x, y)
5x2 + 3y2 - xy
Bounded
Functions
Bounded Functions

A function is said to be bounded if |f(x)| ≤ M, where M is a finite quantity.

E.g., f(x) = sin x is bounded in [-1, 1]


Implicit/Explicit Functions

E.g., 2x2 - 3y3 - 5 =0 ( Implicit)

E.g., y = 2x2 - 3x - 5 ( Explicit)


Composite
Functions
Composite Functions
Output of one function becomes input for other function
Composite Functions
Output of one function becomes input for other function
Composite Functions
Output of one function becomes input for other function

g(x)
x g f f(g(x))
Representation of Composite functions

fog(x) = f(g(x))

gof(x) = g (f(x))

fof(x) = f(f(x))

gog(x) = g(g(x))
How to find fog?

f(x) = sinx
g(x) = √x
Find fog / gof / gog / fof ?

f(x) = x2 + 6
g(x) = 2x - 1
Properties of Composite fn

1. Generally, fog ≠ gof


2. fo(gof) = (fog)oh
3. The composite of two bijections is a bijection
If the functions are defined as f(x) = √x and g(x) = √1 - x, then what is
the common domain of the following functions : [JEE Main
f + g, f - g, f/g, g/f, g - f 2021]

A. 0≤x≤1

B. 0≤x<1

C. 0<x≤1

D. 0<x<1
Let f : R ⟶ R be defined as f(x) = 2x - 1 and g : R - {1} ⟶ R be defined

as . Then the composition function f(g(x)) is :


[JEE Main
A. 2021]
Both one-one and onto

B. Onto but not one-one

C. Neither one-one nor onto

D. One - one but not onto


If g(x) = x2 + x - 1 and (gof) (x) = 4x2 - 10x + 5, then f(5/4) is equal to :

A. 3/2
[JEE Main 2020]
B. -1/2

C. 1/2

D. -3/2
A. 2f(x)
[JEE Main
B. 2f(x2) 2019]

C. (f(x))2

D. -2f(x)
Periodic
Functions
Periodic Functions

Graph repeats
Periodic Functions

A function f(x) is called periodic if there exists a positive number T (T > 0)


such that f (x + T) = f (x), for all values of x within the domain of x.
Period of Important Function

sin x
tan x
cos x
cot x
cosec x
{x}
sec x
Fundamental Period

Least Positive Period


Period of Derived Functions

a. sinnx, cosnx, secnx, cosecnx have period π if n is even and 2π if n is


odd or fraction
b. tannx, cotnx are always periodic with period π
c. |sinx|, |cosx|, |tanx|, |cotx|, |secx|, |cosecx| are all periodic with
period π
Properties of Periodic Functions

1. Inverse of periodic functions does not exist


Properties of Periodic Functions

2. Generally, if f(x) has period T then g(f(x)) also has period T, T may not
be fundamental period
{sin x} sin {x}

sin (cosx)
Properties of Periodic Functions
3. Every constant function is always periodic, with no fundamental period
Properties of Periodic Functions

4. If f(x) has a period p, then 1/f(x) and √f(x) also has a


period p
Properties of Periodic Functions

5. If f(x) has a period T then f(ax + b) has a period


Properties of Periodic Functions

If f(x) has a period T1 & g(x) also has a period T2 then

period of f(x) ± g(x) or f(x).g(x) or f(x)/g(x) => L.C.M of T1 & T2


provided their L.C.M.
exists

However, L.C.M (if exists) need not be fundamental period.

If L.C.M does not exists f(x) ± g(x) or f(x).g(x) or f(x)/g(x) is aperiodic


Find the period of the following functions:
f(x) = sin x + {x}
Properties of Periodic Functions
f(x) = |sinx| + |cosx|
Properties of Periodic Functions

f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x


Properties of Periodic Functions

Periodic + Periodic → may or may not be periodic


e.g. cosx + {x}

Periodic + Aperiodic → Aperiodic


e.g. sinx + x

Aperiodic + Aperiodic → may or may not be periodic


e.g. x + (2 - x)
If f(x) + f(x+4) = f(x + 2) + f (x + 6) ∀ x ∈ R. Then find the period f(x).
Let a function satisfying f(x + 4) + f (x - 4) = f (x)
for all real x is periodic, then period T for them is

A. 9

B. 12

C. 16

D. 24

DIY
Functional
Equations
Functional Equations

Method 1: Iteration

Method 2: Replacement

Method 3: Standard Functions


Method 1: Iteration
If f(0) = 1, f(1) = 2 & find the value of f(5).
Method 2: Replacement
If f(x) + 2f(1 - x) = x2 + 2 ∀ x ∈ R, find f(x),
Method 3: Standard Functions

1 f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) ⇒ f(x) = kx

2 f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) ⇒ f(x) = ax

3 f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) ⇒ f(x) = k lnx or f(x) =0

4 f(xy) = f(x) . f(y) ⇒ f(x) = xn


2nd Sep 2020, Shift 2
6th Sep 2020, Shift 1
6th Sep 2020, Shift 2
[JEE Main
2021]
Inverse of
Function
Inverse of Function
Consider a one-one onto function with domain A = {a, b, c} and
range B = {1, 2, 3}
f f-1
A B B A
a 1 1 a

b 2 2 b
c 3 3 c

Domain of f = {a, b, c} = Range of f-1


Range of f = {1, 2, 3} = Domain of f-1
How to find Inverse of function?

S-1 SWAP x and y

S-2 Represent y = f(x)


Find the inverse of the following bijective function.

i. f : R → R+ , f(x) = 10x+1
Find the inverse of the following bijective function.
ii. f(x) = 3x - 5
Properties of inverse of a function

1. The inverse of Bijection is unique.


2. The inverse of Bijection is also bijection.
3. In general, fog ≠ gof but if fog = gof then either f-1 = g or g-1 = f
also fog (x) = gof (x) = x
4. (gof)-1 = f-1 o g-1
5. The graphs of f & g are the mirror images of each other in the
line y = x
If f : R → R is defined by f(x) = x3 +1, then
find value of f-1 (28).
Let f : R - { α/6 } ⟶ R be defined by f(x) = 5x+3 / 6x-α. Then the value
of α for which (fof) (x) = x, for all x ∈ R - { α/6 }, is

A. [JEE Main
No such α exists
2021]
B. 5

C. 8

D. 6
Let f : R - {3} ⟶ R - {1} be defined by f(x) = x-2/x-3. Let g : R ⟶ R be
given as g(x) = 2x - 3. Then, the sum of all the values of x for which
f-1 (x) + g-1(x) = 13/2 is equal to

A. 7
[JEE Main
B. 2021]
2

C. 5

D. 3
The inverse function of f(x) =

A. [JEE Main 2020]

B.

C.

D.
Graphical
Transformation
Graphical Transformation
y = f(x)
Graphical Transformation

y = - f(x) Flip in x axis

y = f(-x) Flip in y axis

y = | f(x) | Upar wala same


Neeche wala uper

y = f(|x|) Right wala same


Y-axis में mirror image

| y | = f(x) Upar wala same


X axis में mirror image
Remember
y = f(x) + K ⇒ Up

y = f(x) - K ⇒ Down

y = f(x + K) ⇒ Left
y = f(x - K) ⇒ Right

y = f(kx) ⇒ contracts in x-axis if k > 1


⇒ expands in x-axis if k < 1
Draw graph of y = ln (- x)
Draw graph of y = - lnx
Draw graph of y = e-x
Draw graph of y = - ex
Draw graph of y = |sinx|
Draw graph of y = | ln x |
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