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SPM - Lecture 4project Managment

The document discusses project networks and the Critical Path Method (CPM) for planning projects. It defines key terms like activities, events, dummy activities and explains how to draw network diagrams using both activity-on-node and activity-on-arrow approaches. The document also explains how to perform forward and backward passes to calculate earliest and latest start/finish times and identify the critical path. Finally, it provides examples of network diagrams for building a house and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) for further illustrating network analysis.

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Mido Khaled
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19 views22 pages

SPM - Lecture 4project Managment

The document discusses project networks and the Critical Path Method (CPM) for planning projects. It defines key terms like activities, events, dummy activities and explains how to draw network diagrams using both activity-on-node and activity-on-arrow approaches. The document also explains how to perform forward and backward passes to calculate earliest and latest start/finish times and identify the critical path. Finally, it provides examples of network diagrams for building a house and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) for further illustrating network analysis.

Uploaded by

Mido Khaled
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Cost Project

Management -
CPM/PERT
LECTURE 4
2
Project Network

 • Network analysis : is the general name given to certain specific techniques which can
be used for the planning, management and control of projects
• Use of nodes and arrows
Arrows An arrow leads from tail to head directionally
– Indicate ACTIVITY, a time consuming effort that is required to perform a part of the work.
Nodes A node is represented by a circle
- Indicate EVENT, a point in time where one or more activities start and/or finish.
 • Activity
– A task or a certain amount of work required in the project
– Requires time to complete – Represented by an arrow
 • Dummy Activity
– Indicates only precedence relationships
– Does not require any time of effort
3
Project Network

 Event
– Signals the beginning or ending of an activity
– Designates a point in time
– Represented by a circle (node)
 Network

– Shows the sequential relationships among activities using nodes and arrows

 Activity-on-node (AON)
nodes represent activities, and arrows show precedence relationships

 Activity-on-arrow (AOA)
arrows represent activities and nodes are events for points in time
4
Project Network

 Forward Pass
• Earliest Start Time (ES)
– earliest time an activity can start
– ES = maximum EF of immediate predecessors
• Earliest finish time (EF)
– earliest time an activity can finish
– earliest start time plus activity time (t)
EF= (max) ES + t
 Backward Pass
• Latest Start Time (LS)
- Latest time an activity can start without delaying critical path time
- LS= (Min)LF - t
• Latest finish time (LF)
- latest time an activity can be completed without delaying critical path time
- LS = minimum LS of immediate predecessors
5
Project Network

 Activity-on-arrow (AOA) Project Network for House


6
Project Network

 Activity-on-node (AON) Project Network for House


7
Project Network Rules
8
Concurrent Activities
9
Project Network
10
Pert(program
Evaluation and
Review
Technique)
Network

Steps for
drawing the
PERT Network
(Chart)
11
Another PERT Chart Example
12
Another PERT Chart Example
Another 13
PERT
Chart
Example

Note 1 : More than one


activity (A or B or C)
can start the network,
So they will share in one
start node

Note 2: Activity G starts


after D, E
So it must starts after
their ends.
14
Network example

 Illustration of network analysis of a minor redesign of a product and


its associated packaging.
The key question is: How long will it take to complete this project
?
15
PERT

 PERT is based on the assumption that an activity’s duration


follows a probability distribution instead of being a single value
 Three time estimates are required to compute the parameters of
an activity’s duration distribution:
– pessimistic time (tp ) - the time the activity would take if things did
not go well
– most likely time (tm ) - the consensus best estimate of the activity’s
duration
– optimistic time (to ) - the time the activity would take if things
did go well

te = 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = tp+4 6tm+ to


16
PERT Example

Immed. Predec. Optimistic Most Likely Pessimistic


Activity Time (Hr.) Time (Hr.) Time (Hr.)
A -- 4 6 8
B -- 1 4.5 5
C A 3 3 3
D A 4 5 6
E A 0.5 1 1.5
F B,C 3 4 5
G B,C 1 1.5 5
H E,F 5 6 7
I E,F 2 5 8
J D,H 2.5 2.75 4.5
K G,I 3 5 7
17
PERT Example

Activity Expected Time


A 6
B 4
C 3
D 5
E 1
F 4
G 2
H 6
I 5
J 3
K 5
18
PERT Example

 PERT Network
19
Sheet-3

1- For the next data:


a) Draw the project network
b) Determine different paths and calculate their total time
20
Sheet- 3

2- For the next data:


•Draw the project network
•Define different paths and calculate their total time
Questions
22

Thank You

11-Mar-
24

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