General technic how to write a great introduction:

1) Write what your paragraph shows

2) Indicate a time period
3) List countries (or other names that appear in your question card)
1-2 sentences are enough for introduction.
Do not write a conclusion!

Coherent puan almak için separate bilgileri farklı paragraflarda açıkla!!

 The bar chart provides information about the percentages of divorces in Finland and
Sweden between 2011 and 2015.
Overall, Sweden experienced a downward trend, while Finland showed an upward
trend throughout the period. Both countries’ divorce rates had some fluctuations. Although
Finland initially had a lower rate, it outraced Sweden at the end of the period.
Sweden’s divorce rate was about 45% in 2011, being higher than Finland’s rate by
approximately 8%. Then, it rose to almost fifty percent in 2012. However, the figure showed a
gradual decrease to about 47% in 2013 and continued to decline steadily to the end of the
period, reaching around 45% in 2014 and hitting a low-point of about 37% in 2015.
Percentage of divorces in Finland was less than 40% in 2011, and it decreased in 2012,
when about one third of marriages in Finland ended with a divorce (as opposed to almost a
half in Sweden). However, the figure experienced a steady growth during the next two years.
It rose to approximately 39% in 2013, then increased by around 3% in 2014, and remained
steady for the next year, outracing the rate of Sweden.
Line Graphs Verbs and Nouns
Upward trend
Rise, Increase, Climb, Grow, Go up
Downward trend
Decrease, Drop, Fall, Decline
Other vocab
Fluctuate, Dip, Remain steady, Remain stable, Level off, Peak at, Reach a peak of, Hit
a high of, Hit a low of, Bottom out, Plateau.
 The two pie charts illustrate/represent/describe/provide information about how
different industry sectors contributed to the economy of Turkey percentagewise in the years
2000 and 2016.
HOW >>Find action noun and convert it to verb: contribution >> contributed
Overall, at the beginning of the period construction contributed the least to the
economy of Turkey, while agriculture was the most significant economic sector. In
comparison, at the end of the period healthcare and education became the largest economic
segment and the lowest contribution was made by finance, business and other services.
 To find key features for overview paragraph: (do not write both of them)
1- Search for biggest and smallest slices
2- Find which slices became bigger or smaller or did not change
Synonyms for overview:
1- Was the smallest segment = contributed the least to the economy = made the
lowest contribution = made up the smallest part of the chart = was the least
significant part of the economy
2- Was the largest segment = contributed the most to the economy = made the highest
contribution = made up the biggest part of the chart = was the most significant part
of the economy
Construction sector accounted for 3% of Turkey’s economy in 2000 and experienced a
more than threefold increase to one-tenth (=10 percent) in 2016. Economic income from
trade, utilities and transportation was 14% in 2000 and had a slight growth of 2% in 2016. At
the beginning of the period, manufacturing and finance, business and other services made up
8% and 5% of Turkey’s economy respectively, and these figures rose to 12% and 8% in 2016.
Agriculture, which comprised almost a quarter of the Turkey’s economy in 2000, fell
to 14% in 2016. In 2000 economic outputs from government and leisure and hospitality
sectors were at 12% and 17%, respectively, and both decreased by 3% after 16-year period. In
contrast, contribution from healthcare and education sector remained constant in both years at
17%.
Paragraph 1 and 2: sector that experienced increase and sectors that experienced
and decrease or did not change

Describing a diagram
 The diagram explains/illustrates/shows/describes the way in which steel rods are
produced (instead of how steel rods are manufactured) for the furniture industry.
Overall, the process consists of eleven stages, beginning with the raw material and
ending up with the product’s inspection.
Describe general features of the diagram:
1- Number of stages
2- How the process begins and ends
If the diagram has loops, repeating stages of the process is cyclic, comment that.
First of all, iron ore, yellow ore and carbon are collected to serve as a raw material for
steel rods manufacturing. After that, the raw material is melted in a melting slit, where it is
heated to a temperature in range of 1300-1500 Celsius. The melted mass is then transferred to
a smelting cabin to undergo refinement. Next, the candescent metal is put in a pouring
machine and poured into ingots.
In the next stage, the ingots are connected to a cooling reservoir, where the
temperature falls to 60-100 Celsius. Metal goes through special nozzles and cools down,
forming strands. Following this, the metal strands proceed to rollers that change their shape.
Next, the products are put into a heating machine, where they undergo heat treatment.
Subsequently, a measuring automaton completes a surface check of the products.
After that, the metal rods are sized by special cutters and get ID stamping. Finally, the
products undergo inspection and are ready for use.
Paragraphs: specific features, no rules for grouping data unlike others.
1: first four stages
 2: next four stages
3: last three stages

The line graph illustrates/gives information about the regional household recycling
rates in the UK, France and Germany from 2005 to 2015.
The recycling rates of the UK and Germany showed a steady but significant rise over
the period, while the percentage of recycled waste in France experienced a downward trend.
Showed significant rise = rose significantly = experienced an upward trend
Experienced a downward trend = declined = experienced a decrease
In 2005 the recycling rates of the UK and Germany were nearly 35% and 20%
respectively. Germany’s rate increased sharply throughout the period, exceeding France’s rate
in 2009 and reaching almost 60% in the end of the period. In the meantime, the percentage of
recycled waste in the UK grew to 40% in 2007, and then remained steady until 2009. During
2009-2011 it experienced a rapid surge to more than 50% and continued with a gradual
increase to 60% in 2015.
In early 2005 the recycling rate of France (50%) was the highest among these three
countries. However, it dramatically declined to 30% in 2013. Then, there was a growth of
10% in 2015, but France’s recycling rate was the lowest in the end of the period.
Options for Paragraphs 1 and 2: choose one of them.
1- by country
2- by similar trend
ALWAYS! Write in one tense (ex, past simple)! And support your details with data. Change >
amount of change.
https://www.ielts-writing.info/EXAM/academic_writing_samples_task_1/1205/
MY WRITING
The map indicates the changing landscape around the Pacific Railway station in 1998
and now.
Overall, the number of some buildings did not change over time while new ones were
added now. In addition, new service buildings were constructed as the old one was
dismantled.
First of all, the number of cafés and ticket offices did not change over time while new
platforms and a new shop were added now. In 1998, there were (was) a ticket office and a
café at Pacific Railway Station. Although time has passed, their number remained the same as
in 1998 but the shop between the café and the ticket office was moved to the middle of
platforms. In the meantime, three new platforms and a new shop were added to the station.
Secondly, there was no restaurant and or a supermarket up to now. While the
supermarket was built near to the platforms, the restaurant was constructed near the shop. The
old structure in 1998, toilet, was dismantled. Now, there is no toilet at Pacific Railway station.

VIDEO

The maps show Pacific Railway Station in 1998 and the present day. We can see that
the station has been expanded, with significantly more facilities available to customers now
compared with 1998. Firstly, the station has been developed and the number of platforms has
increased.

In 1998, there were only four platforms but today there are seven. A restaurant has
been added between the new and old platforms and the number of shops has grown, as there
are now two shops situated next to the restaurant and the old shop has been removed. The
ticket office remains in the same place but has been extended and is now much larger.

The Café has also stayed in roughly the same place, which is at the bottom of the old
platforms. The toilets were previously in a separate building next to the platforms, but they
have now disappeared. A new supermarket has been built at the bottom of the new platforms.
https://www.ielts-writing.info/EXAM/academic_writing_samples_task_1/1200/

MY WRITING
The map illustrates the changing urban landscape in Nelson in recent times.
Overall, the city of Nelson has expanded and became a much more modern city
compared to 2000. While some buildings remained in the same place (some of them have
been renovated), new ones have been constructed over time.
First of all, the university is in the same place as in 2000. Although the train station
and market are still in Nelson, they have been renovated and moved to different locations. The
city center is still located near the road that has been closed to vehicle traffic and turned into a
road for pedestrians only.
Secondly, a new restaurant, bars and clubs have been built near the port in Nelson. The
new shop replaced the old market. The hall of residence was added on the left side of the
university. As the forest on the right side of the university is cut, a new shopping center has
been placed on the ruined forest.
VIDEO

The two maps show the main changes which have taken place in the town of Nelson
between the year 2000 and today.

In general, it appears that Nelson has become a much more modern city, with far more
shopping and transport facilities.

One interesting change is that a new trans line has been built, to connect the university
with the town center. In 2000, there wasn’t any accommodation for students, but a hall of
residence has been built near the university. Another striking change is that the old market in
the west of the city has been knocked down to make way for new shops. A completely new
covered market has also been built on the other side of town.

If we look at the port area, it has been pedestrianized since 2000, and a range of
entertainment facilities have been built, such as restaurants, bars and clubs. The north-east of
the city used to be a green area, with lots of trees, but the trees have been cut down, and a new
shopping complex has been constructed. A final interesting development has been the
introduction of a bike-rental scheme in the city center.

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 MY WRITING
The line graph presents the price fluctuations of copper, nickel, and zinc per month in
2014.
Overall, copper and zinc experienced relatively stable price change during a year
period while the change in the price of nickel sharply decreased.
First of all, zinc and copper prices were 1% and 2% respectively, being lower than
nickel prices at the beginning of the period. Zinc prices increased to 3% in February and then
gradually decreased until May, being 1%. The price of zinc dramatically decreased in June,
being -1%. The following 4 months it remained stable around -1% but experienced great
growth from October to November. From that time on it gradually increased. In the meantime,
the cost of copper was relatively stable compared to other metals. Although it had fluctuations
during period, it became never lower than -1% as well as higher than 2%. At the end of the
period, average monthly change in price of copper was around 1.5%.
Secondly, the cost of nickel was 6% in January, being highest among three metals.
However, it dramatically decreased until May, reaching 1% change compared with previous
month. Although it remained stable for 2 months, the price of nickel again fell to -3%, being
the lowest rate in the graph. It rose to -1% in July and then became stable until September.
The cost increased from October to November and then followed stable pattern.

VIDEO

From the line graph, we can see the average monthly rise or fall in how much copper,
nickel, and zinc cost throughout 2014.

Overall, nickel started with the highest percentage change of the three but ended with
the lowest. Zinc started with the smallest change and ended with the highest, and copper
prices fluctuated. Prices for all three metals dipped in June.

In January the price of nickel was up tix per cent, but this dropped to negative three
percent in June, ending the year with a one percent increase in both November and December.
Copper began the year with an increase of two percent and by May, the price was dropping
(by slightly less than one per cent). It rose again, increasing by a percentage point in July,
August, and September. Zinc saw its most dramatic increase in February, with three per cent
and the price fell in June (a one percent decrease). The change was negative until
October/November when it began to rise.
https://www.ielts-writing.info/EXAM/academic_writing_samples_task_1/1227/

MY WRITING
The bar chart provides data of how many hours tourists from different nationalities
spent their time by doing leisure activities while on vacation in Greece in August 2009.
Overall, Chinese, and American tourists mostly spent their time by reading books
while Turkish and Brazilian tourists enjoyed their holiday at the beach.
First of all, Chinese and American tourists read books 8 hours and 5 hours,
respectively, on holiday, which makes Chinese tourists the leader in reading books among
three nationalities. While Chinese tourists spent 3 hours doing leisure activities at the beach,
American tourists hang out at the bench for 4 hours. Chinese tourists only gave an hour to
visiting places; on the other hand, American tourists spent 3 hours.
Secondly, Brazilian tourists enjoyed 6 hours at the bench, being the highest hour in
this leisure activity. Turkish tourists followed Brazilians by 5 hours at the beach. The average
number of hours that Turkish and Brazilian tourists read books is same, being 4 hours for each
one. However, the average number of hours for Turkish tourists in visiting places is higher
than Brazilian tourist by an hour, being three hours for Turkish tourists.
VIDEO

The bar chart compares the amount of time each day that people from four different
countries spent doing activities while on holiday in Greece in August 2019. The activities
were going to the beach, visiting different attractions, and reading.

Overall, the tourists spent the most time reading books while they spent the least time
visiting places. The Chinese tourists spent the longest reading books with a total of eight
hours per day. By contrast, the Brazilians spent the longest at the beach with a total of six
hours.

Both the American and the Turkish tourists spent the same number of hours every day
visiting places with a total of three hours each. Similarly, the Turkish and Brazilian groups
spent a total of four hours each reading books. The Chinese tourists spent twice the amount of
time reading books as the Turkish and Brazilian tourists, whereas the American and Turkish
groups spent three times the amount of time visiting places as the Chinese group.

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 MY WRITING

The pie chart illustrates the contribution of energy resources in gigawatts (GW) in
2015 and (the) expected amount for different energies in 2040.

Overall, (the) proportion of fossil fuels and other renewables decreases while the
percentage of wind, nuclear, and solar power increases from 2017 to 2040.

First of all, the energy capacity of fossil fuels is 64% in 2015, having the most
percentage among five energy resources. However, the expected percentagewise of fossil
fuels is 44% for 2040. The rate of other renewables follows the decreasing trend too.
Although other renewables have about one-fourth proportion in 2015, it is expected that it
would slightly decline to 21% for 2040. Nuclear power drops by 1% and (the) expected rate
of its proportion 5% for 2040, being the lowest one.

On the other hand, wind and solar energy resources would experience growth until
2040. Solar has the least proportion, %2, among different energies in 2015, but it reaches 18%
for 2040, securing the third biggest proportion of energy capacity. In addition, wind power
increases by 7 percent, being 12% in 2040.

VIDEO

The charts show the expected changes in energy capacity in 2040 compared to 2015.

The most noticeable feature is the drop in the proportion of the annual gross capacity
of fossil fuels, with the projected capacity almost doubling from 6.688 to 11.678 gigawatts. It
is expected to experience a significant decline, falling from 64% in 2015 to 44% in 2040. By
contrast, it is predicted that there will be a dramatic rise in the proportion of energy capacity
from solar energy with a jump from 2% to 18% in 2040. While the proportion of the capacity
for wind is anticipated to increase more than twofold from 5% in 2015 to 12% in 2040, it is
estimated that other renewables will account for a smaller proportion with a decrease from
23% to 21%. The projected proportion for nuclear energy will be 5% in 2040, a slight decline
from 6%.

It is clear that despite the decline in the proportion of energy capacity from fossil fuels
and the rise in solar and wind sources, the former will remain a major energy source in 2040.
 MY WRITING
The pie charts illustrate how much water (is) consumed for different aims in different
areas of the world.
Overall, water is mostly used for the industrial sector in the North America and Europe
while the agricultural use of water has majority in other parts of the world.
First of all, Europe has the biggest percentage of water used for industry, being the
53%. North America comes in the second place in using water for manufacturing with nearly
50%. While the Europe’s percentage of water used for agriculture and domestic sectors are
32% and 15% respectively, North America’s ratio of agricultural use is 39% and the
percentagewise of domestic use is 13%.
On the other hand, the rate of water used for agriculture dominates other purposes in
South America, Africa, Central Asia, and the South East Asia. Central Asia’s proportion of
agricultural use of water is 88%, which makes the region the largest user of water for
irrigation. Africa and the South East Asia have 84% and 81% in agricultural use respectively.
These three regions’ percentage in (for) industrial and domestic use is quite similar, nearly all
percentages for these sectors are under the 10% except for domestic use, %12, in South East
Asia. The agricultural use of water in South America is higher than (the) other two sectors,
being 71%. It has 19% domestic use and 10% industrial use as well.
 EDITED WRITING
The pie charts illustrate how much water is consumed for different aims in different
areas of the world.
Overall, water is mostly used for the industrial sector in North America and Europe
while the agricultural use of water has majority in other parts of the world. The domestic use
of water also changes in each region.
First of all, Europe has the biggest percentage of water used for industry, 53%. North
America comes in the second place in using water for manufacturing with nearly 50%. While
Europe’s percentage of water used for agriculture and domestic sectors are 32% and 15%
respectively, North America’s ratio of agricultural use is 39% and the percentagewise of
domestic use is 13%.

On the other hand, the rate of water used for agriculture dominates other purposes in
South America, Africa, Central Asia, and South East Asia. Central Asia’s proportion of
agricultural use of water is 88%, which makes the region the largest user of water for
irrigation. Africa and South East Asia have 84% and 81% in agricultural use respectively.
These three regions’ percentage for industrial and domestic use is quite similar, nearly all
percentages for these sectors are under 10% except for domestic use, %12, in South East Asia.
The agricultural use of water in South America is also higher than the other two sectors, being
71%. However, the domestic use of water in South America exceeds 10% in contrast to rates
of the same sector in Africa, Central Asia, and South East Asia. The industrial use of water
equals 10% in South America.
 MY WRITING
The chart illustrates the percentage of British university students in England who were
bilingual, speaking English as well as one more language, from 2000 to 2010.
Overall, while the proportion of students who spoke no other language and French
only declined, students who were able to speak another, two other, and Spanish increased. The
percentage of German speaker speaking students did not change over time.
First of all, the percentage of students who did not speak other than English was 20%
in 2000. It decreased by half until 2010 and became 10%. In the meantime, the ratio of French
speaking students declined from 15% to 10% during the ten-year period.
On the other hand, the proportions of students who could speak another language and
two other languages were 15% and 10% in 2000 respectively, experienced by 5% growth and
reached to 20% and 15% in 2010 respectively. The percentage of Spanish speakers was 30%
in 2000, being the highest among the other five groups, and also increased to 35% in 2010. It
still holds the largest proportion in the chart. Although some languages increased and others
declined in the years 2000 and 2010, the percentagewise of students who speak only German
did not change over time. It remained at 10% even after ten years.

EDITED WRITING
The chart illustrates the percentage of British university students in England who were
bilingual, speaking English as well as one more language, from 2000 to 2010.
Overall, while the proportion of students who spoke no other language and French
only declined, students who were able to speak another, two other, and Spanish increased. The
percentage of German speaker speaking students did not change over time.
First of all, the percentage of students who did not speak other than English was 20%
in 2000. It decreased by half until 2010 and became 10%. In the meantime, the ratio of French
speaking students declined from 15% to 10% during the ten-year period.
On the other hand, the proportions of students who could speak another language and
two other languages were 15% and 10% in 2000 respectively, experienced a slight growth of
5% and reached to 20% and 15% in 2010 respectively. Although some languages increased
and others declined in the years 2000 and 2010, the percentagewise of students who speak
only German remained constant in both years at 10%.
 The table illustrates how many people visited to Ashdown Museum the year before
and after renovation. The pie charts indicate the percentage of visitors how satisfied they from
the visit in the same years.
Overall, as the number of visitors increased after the refurbishment, the percentage of
visitor satisfaction changed from the year before the renovation to the year after the
refurbishment.
First of all, the number of visitors to Ashdown Museum increased from 74,000 to
92,000 during the year after the refurbishment. Visitors who were satisfied with their visit was
were 30% before the refurbishment, but it experienced steady growth and reached to 40%
after the renovation. In addition, very satisfied people rose from 15% to 35% and became the
second largest proportion in the chart.
On the other hand, the percentage of visitors who were dissatisfied with their visit to
the museum before the renovation was 40%, being highest among other responses. However,
it dramatically decreased by 25 percent and became 15% after the refurbishment. In the
meantime, the percentagewise of very dissatisfied visitors declined by a half and became 5%
the year after refurbishment. The percentage of people who did not respond to the survey
remained constant in both years at 5%.