Binalonan, Pangasinan

College of Business Education

MODULE 6
PAINTING
Course Title: Art Appreciation
Course Code: GE 6

Name: __________________________________________________________
Course and Year: ________________________
Contact Number: ________________________
Date and Time Allotment:

Introduction
This module entitled An Overview of Art is about the meaning, scope and importance of humanities, the meaning purposes,
functions, and art styles together with the factors that influenced these styles.

I. Objectives
At the end of the end of this module, students should be able to:
a. Describe the basic techniques and mediums of painting
b. Create their own paintings based on their own emotions, ideas and perceptions
c. Analyze such paintings of famous painters and point out the meaning or messages behind these artworks

II. Lecture
PAINTING

PAINTING – the art of applying pigments to a surface in order to present a picture of the subject
Different mediums are used in painting. Each medium exerts a pronounced effect on the finished product, is capable of treatment, and
determines its own stroke.
The materials of the painter are pigments applied to wet plaster, canvas, wood, or paper.

PIGMENT
Any group of compounds that are intensely colored and are used to color
other material.
These pigments are insoluble and are applied not as solutions but as finely
ground solid particles mixed with a liquid.

MEDIUM It comes from the Latin word medium, denotes the means by which an arts communicates his idea. These are the materials which are
used by an artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts.
Many mediums have been used in creating different works of art.

 The architects uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete , and various building
materials.
 The painter uses pigments on wood or canvas to recreate reality of nature.
 A sculptor uses steel, marble, bronze, metal, and wood.
 A musician uses sound and instrument and
 A literary writer uses words in literature.

Thus medium is very essential in arts.

MEDIUM USED IN PAINTING:

1. OIL – Oil painting is done with the use of ground pigments (from
minerals, coal tar, vegetable matter) mixed with linseed oil and
turpentine or thinner. Many painters prefer this medium because oil
paintings are long-lasting, slow in drying, easy to handle and
manipulate texturally and capable of being corrected.
OIL PAINTS ARE APPLIED IN EITHER OF TWO WAYS:

A. DIRECT METHOD – in which the paints are opaque and once they applied on the surface, they dry up and give the finished product its final
appearance

B. INDIRECT METHOD – in which the paints are transparent and they are applied in many thin layers or coatings

OIL PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS

1. FERNANDO AMORSOLO : Farmer, Angelus, 2. VICENTE MANANSALA: Prayer before 3. TAM AUSTRIA: Fisherman’s Family
Countryside Scene, Barrio Fiesta, Tinikling Dance Meals, Fruit Vendor with Twin Sons

4. LITO BALAGTAS:
Philippine
Madonna
and Child

2. FRESCO (Italian for fresh) PAINTING– it is done with the use of earth pigments mixed with water and applied to fresh plaster or glue which
attaches the color to the surface like a wall. Sample of fresco paintings are found in the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel in Rome.
*buon fresco or true fresco – when the plaster is wet
*fresco secco or dry fresco – when the plaster is dry
.
ADVANTAGE: Fresco paintings have durability.
DISADVANTAGES:

 It is an exacting medium because it is quick to dry so the painter must be a fast work and because it is difficult to correct.
 Fresco paintings are not movable because they are permanently attached to the walls.
 Fresco paintings are subject to loss in the event that the walls are destroyed.

STEPS AN D PROCESS OF FRESCO PAINTING

1. SCAFFOLDING – Iron is basically the most recommended one. But any durable material available in the surrounding like bamboo can also
be used.
2. PLASTERING – This is the time to prepare the wall; it must be rough so that plaster can stick to out. Small axe can do the roughing of the
wall.
3. ARRICIO – This is a type of plaster, a second coating applied I to the entire wall where fresco is done.
4. SINOPIA – As Arricio is already applied and the wall is now ready for painting, artist make an outline of the intended image to come up. In
this stage of the fresco painting, sinoppia is used. The word comes from sinop , a Turkish city; it is red-brown earth like color of pigment used
under the painting for its fresco.
5. INTONACO –This is a final preparation for the actual painting. It is an Italian word, a very thin layer of plaster after the arricio.
6. PAINTING – as the plaster is still wet, the paint is applied. It is very delicate because in two to four hours the plaster begins to dry.
7. SECCO – the Italian word for dry; this is the finishing touches of the fresco painting.

FRESCO PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS

 1. MICHELANGELO BUONAROTTI – he was 2. RAPHAEL (Raffaello Sanzio) 3. TINTORETTO (Jacopo Robusti)
commissioned by Pope Julius II to work on these
A leading figure of Italian High Renaissance .His paintings include Vulcan Surprising
frescoes, which included “The Creation of Man” ,
classicism, Raphael is best known for his Venus and Mars the Mannerist Christ
“The Fall of Man” and other biblical event.
"Madonnas," including the Sistine Madonna, and and the Adulteress and his masterpiece,
for his large figure compositions in the Palace of the Last Supper of San Giorgio Maggiore.
the Vatican in Rome.

4. MASSACIO(Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone Cassai) 5. LEONARDO DA VINCI – he experimented on his fresco
painting, “The Last Supper” but his attempt as a failure in the sense
- the fresco cycle of Scenes from the life of St. Peter, mostly painted in
that it was destroyed several times and was resto red seven times
collaboration by Masaccio and Masolino between 1425 and 1427 at the
Brancacci Chapel, Italy

Payment of the Tribute

Money

3. WATER COLOR – Water color painting is done with the use of GOUACHE – an opaque watercolor
pigments mixed with water and applied to fine white paper. Besides white produced by grinding opaque colors with
paper, cambric, parchment, ivory and silk can be used as surface or water and combining them with a
ground. preparation of gum and adding Chinese
white to transparent watercolors.
It has a sober
and fresh quality
which fits well to
a dramatic
purpose of the
artist.
BLUE BOY – PICASSO

4. TEMPERA – Tempera painting is done with the use of ground pigments mixed with an albuminous or colloidal vehicle (egg yolk, gum, glue or
casein).
ADVANTAGES:

 Being an emulsion, tempera readily dries with evaporation of water.

 Its effect on the wooden panel, its ground or surface - luminosity of tone.
DISADVANTAGES:

 It allows little blending or fusing of colors.

 Its quick-drying.

5. PASTEL – Pastel painting is done with the use of

pastel colors closely resembling dry pigments bound to
form crayons, which are directly applied to the surface,
oftentimes paper.
Pastel is a stick consisting of color pigment in powder and a
binder. The binder in a neutral hue while the color
pigment is the same with those in other type of painting
medium like oil. The word pastel comes from paste.
A very recent and very flexible medium, pastel is not
popular among artists because it is difficult to preserve a
pastel painting due to the tendency of the chalk to rub off.
THREE TYPES OF PASTEL:
1. SOFT PASTEL – its content has more coloring pigment than binder that helps artist produce a brighter result.
2. HARD PASTEL – has more binder than color pigment. Because it applies less coloring pigment, it results to a duller appearance on paper. It
sticks much to the paper.
3. PASTEL PENCIL –this hard coloring rolled into a rod and incased in a wooden box.

6. ACRYLIC – Acrylic painting is done with the use of synthetic paints

called acrylics mixed with a vehicle capable of being thinned with water.
 Acrylic emulsion or polymer serves as its binding agent.
 One of the most widely used mediums today due to its availability
in the market, acrylic paint possessed the flexibility of oil and the
transparency and the fast-drying availability of water color.
 Moreover, it is soluble to water, it can be applied on almost all surfaces, and it has no
tendency to crack and to darken or yellow with age.

7. ENCAUSTIC – Encaustic painting is done with the use

of hot wax as a vehicle to bind pigments to a wooden
panel or wall.
 Although it has the advantage of durability with its
colors remaining vibrant and its surface
maintain a hard luster, encaustic is not a
popular medium among painters because it is
difficult to manipulate.
 The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans
adorned their sculptures and walls with
encaustic paint

*MURAL PAINTING: This is an art of painting, but unlike the traditional one where the finished result of of an artist is the framed uppicture in a
acnvas, the finshed product of a muralist is the artwork on the wall of a building.
A mural is also called a wall painting. The muralist used the wall as his medium although on matters of other instruments it is not different from
the other.

First Mass in the Philippines, Inang Bayan, Vicente Manansala

Carlos “Botong” Francisco

TOOLS:

Just like any worker, a painter makes use of several tools in completing his work. These include the brush or brushes, the palette, the palette
kife or spatula, and the easel.
Canvass – the most chosen flat instrument painters had chosen.
Palette – the one that contains or holds the painting medium.
Palette knife – used to mixed colors on the palette and sometimes to add colors to and to scrape or remove colors from the surface
Easel – the frame that supports the painting; it usually has three legs.

SOME FAMOUS PAINTERS AND THEIR WORKS

(FOREIGN AND LOCAL ARTISTS)

1. LEONARDO DA VINCI
He is a florentine painter known very much by his greatest masterpiece,
the Monalisa. His paintings particularly the Monalisa emphasizes
calmness. Everyone must ave observed the smile of Monalisa and the
way she puts her hand, very calm. Da Vinci was also the one who
developed the Chiaroscuro. He was born in 1452 and died in 1519 in
Florence..
Some of his works:
Last Supper, The Virgin and the Child with St. Anne, Monalisa, Adoration The Virgin and the Child with
of the Magi, The Virgin of the Rocks and the Battle of the Anghiari. St. Anne
2. MICHELANGELO BOUNARROTTI
A stone carver and a painter is best
remembered for his classical work the
Sistene Chapel. Two of his other works are
Bacchus and Pieta. He was born in 1475
and died in 1564.

The Last Judgment, Sistine Chapel

3. VINCENT VAN GOGH . Café Terrace at Night, 1888 Self-Portrait, 1889

He was a Dutch painter, so forlorn and lonely in his life. He proposed two
marriages to two different women, but he was rejected also two times.
He did not like noise, to demomstrate it, he cut off his tears, aman who
chose to be deaf than to hear the noise of the world.
Van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853 and died by suicide on July 27,
1890 at the age of 37. His works include, Huts and Two Women,
Working on the Other Hand, Head of a Peasant, The Weaver, The
Garden of the Parish Church, The potato Eaters, The Back Side of the
Old House, Old Man with the Head of Victor Hugo, The Draw Bridge,
Avie of La Cray and The Red Orchard

4. PABLO PICASSO
A Spanish painter who was a constant
experimenter in all mediumd of painting,
but he lived longer in Cubism style. He was a
gifted youth, but he was always
impoverished in his life. His works depicr
misery,; they are poignant and melancholy.
Each is filled with angular and stoop figure,
the right representation of poverty. His works are: La Vie, Old Guitarist,
Boy Leading a Horse, Saltimabargues, Gestrude Stein, Female Bude,
Woman with Guitar, Minotasuromachy and Guernica. Guernica, 1937

5. FRANCISCO JOSE’ DE GOYA Y Señora Sabasa Garcia, 1806/11 Ferdinand VII, 1814 -1815
LUCIENTES
He was a Spanish painter known as the
last of the masters and as first of the
modern was born on March 30, 1746 and
died on April 6, 1828.
He was a historian and once a court
painter to the Spanish Crown. He was also
lnown for his subversive and subjective
theme of his art, the style that became the model of Manet and Picasso.

6. Fernando Amorsolo LAVANDERAS, 1954

A Filipino painter best remebered for his rural landscapes in the use of
light. His first tatse in the art of painting was first discovered and nurtured
by his uncle in the name of Fabian dela Rosahis mother’s first degree
cousin. Later he enrolled at Liceo de Manila and at the Univeristy of the
Philippines. He studied Fine Arts and graduated in 1914.
After working as a commercial artist and an occassional instructor, he
went to Madrid and for seven months he made sketches at the Museo
and in the streets of the city. He went to New York where he discovered
Impressionism and Cubism which became very influential in his works.
He was born on May 30, 1892 at Paco district of Manila.

7. JUAN LUNA The Parisian Life, 1892 Cleopatra, 1884

His posture in pictures is recognized by his
Mexican styled moustache. He was brother of
Antonio Luna, a Filipino fighter who was
murdered by his compatriots.
Juan Luna studied in Madrid and was
brought by his private tutor to Rome to
study the masters. His famous works is the
Spolarium that won the top prize at the
madrid exposition in 1884.
8. VICENTE MANANSALA Luksong-tinik , 1973
He was also a Filipino painter from (Jumping over thorns)
Macabebe, Pampanga born on January 22,
1910 and died in Makati in 1981. He
studied at the University of the Philippines
and was a recipient for a number of
scholarship grants, the privilege that
allowed him to travel outside the
Philippines. Market Scene, 1980
His works were recognized by a number of
awards as a professional artist in apinting. In
1981 he was posthumously proclaimed National artist.

9. CARLOS ‘BOTONG’ V. FRANCISCO

Carlos “Botong” Francisco, the poet of
Angono, single-handedly revived the
forgotten art of mural and remained its most
distinguished practitioner for nearly three
decades.
In panels such as those that grace the City
Hall of Manila, Francisco turned fragments of Filipino Struggles Through History Blood Compact
the historic past into vivid records of the legendary courage of the
ancestors of his race.
He was invariably linked with the “modernist” artists, forming with Victorio
C. Edades and Galo Ocampo what was then known in the local art
circles as “The Triumvirate”. Botong’s unerring eye for composition, the
lush tropical sense of color and an abiding faith in the folk values typified
by the townspeople of Angono became the hallmark of his art.
His other major works include the following: Portrait of Purita, The
Invasion of Limahong, Serenade, Muslim Betrothal, Blood Compact, First
The Martyrdom of Rizal, 1960 Fiesta
Mass at Limasawa, The Martyrdom of Rizal, Bayanihan, Magpupukot,
Fiesta, Bayanihan sa Bukid, Sandugo

10. BENEDICTO CABRERA

He is better known as BenCab, is
considered the preeminent Filipino
painter of his generation. Primarily
figurative, Cabrera’s work often depicts
woman and occasionally men wrapped in
swirling, bundled fabrics and capes.

Triptych on Sabel,1993
He was born on April 10, 1942 in
Malabon, Philippines, and studied at the
University of the Philippines. In 1963, he
won first prize for his oil painting of
a talipapa , or market, in a student competition, and was hired soon after
by the national paper as its Sunday illustrator.
Cabrera’s first exhibition of oil and acrylic paintings was held at the
Indigo Gallery in Mabini in 1965, and has since shown work in New York,
Los Angeles, Paris, Tokyo, and notably London, where has lived on and
off for much of his professional career. In 2006, the Philippine
Government conferred upon him the Order of National Artist for Visual
Arts. His famous artworks are Sabel and Larawan Series. Larawan Series.

III. APPLICATION/ACTIVITY

A. ART ANALYSIS (FOR CATEGORY (C)

Instructions:
Answer the following questions in your own words or ideas. (3 to 5 sentences)
Do not copy what is written in the internet. (I can identify if it is a copy-paste or not.)
You can answer this essay through a comment in our Google classroom or chat in Messenger. Please cooperate. Thank you!

Figure 1. Bayanahian by Fernando Amorsolo

1. Give the principle/s of art that are used in this artwork. Explain.
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2. What is the subject of art being presented in this painting? Explain it briefly.

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3. For you, what do you think is the message of the artist in this painting?
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B. ART ANALYSIS (FOR CATEGORY A AND B)
This activity demands your knowledge and attention about painting and how to appreciate it. Let us remember the depth of
your understanding of a certain work of art on the span of time you have a contact with it.
 Choose any painting that you want to analyze then answer the following questions.
 Make sure that your chosen painting is not the same with your classmates.
 You may refer to the given example of answer on each question.

1. This painting is about _________________________(e.g. nationalism, patriotism)

2. The source of the painting is ___________________________(e.g. state of the country under the Spanish rule)
3. The title is ________________(e.g. Spoliarium)
4. The medium is ________________________(e.g. oil, water color, tempera)
5. The size is ________________________(e.g. 4.22 meters x 7.675 meters)
6. This was painted by _________________(e.g. Juan Luna)
7. The message is __________________________(e.g. Reflection of the "spirit of our social, moral and spiritual life, humanity
subjected to trials unredeemed, reason in open fight with prejudice, fanaticism and injustice, J.Rizal)
8. Male a comment on the color combination. Does it conform (match, agree or align) with the purpose of the artist?
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9. What subject and method/style used by the artist in presenting his subject) (e.g. symbolism)
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10. Does the painting relate to your life? Why?
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IV. ASSESSMENT
ART PRODUCTION: COFFEE PAINTING
A. MATERIALS:
1. OSLO PAPER/CANVAS/ ¼ ILLUSTRATION BOARD
2. COFFEE
3. PENCIL/PENS FOR OUTLINE
4. COTTON BUDS, TOOTHPICKS, BRUSHES
B. INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Just choose of any material that you will use in painting. To avoid expenses in doing your artwork, you must use coffee as
your main medium.
2. Your subject may be representational or non-representational. You can apply also different elements and principles of art in
your artwork.
3. Present your painting by explaining the message or meaning that you want to convey to the viewers of your painting. You
must present it during the Google meeting (STUDENTS UNDER CATEGORY A). For those under CATEGORY B, you must
take a video of yourself presenting your artwork. Send it through the GROUP CHAT in Messenger.
4. Remember, this is your REQUIREMENT FOR MIDTERM PERIOD in my subject.
5. Deadline will be after the Midterm Examination.
C. CRITERIA: These are the following criteria for your requirement this MIDTERM period.
1. SUBJECT/CONTENT - 15
2. NEATNESS - 10
3. CREATIVITY - 20
4. PRESENTATION – 15
TOTAL: 60 pts.