Reviewer for Grade 10

 Endocrine System - the body system that contains a group of glands that releases hormones
into the body
- secretes chemicals known as hormones into the bloodstream and these
hormones help control mood, growth and development, metabolism and reproduction.
 Nervous system is a collection of nerves that transmit signals to the different parts of the
body
 Major endocrine glands, location in the body, hormones released and functions

Gland Function Hormones Location

Pituitary Produces hormones Oxytocin Growth Hormones At the base of the
that stimulate (GH) Prolactin (PRL) Luteinizing brain
growth, and controls Hormone (LH) Follicle
the functions of other Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
glands Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
(ACTH) Antidiuretic hormone
(AH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
Thyroid Produces hormones Thyroid hormone In front of the neck
that regulate body and below the voice
metabolism, and box
storage of calcium in
bones
Parathyroid Produces hormones Parathormone In the neck
that control the
calcium levels in
your body, and
normalizes bone
growth
Thymus Produces hormones Thymosin In front of the heart
that enable the body
to produce T cells
before puberty
Adrenal Produces hormones Adrenaline and others On top of the kidneys
that affects
metabolism, immune
system and blood
pressure, stress
reaction or flight or
fight response
Pancreas Produce hormones Insulin, Glucagon Behind the stomach
that regulate blood
sugar levels
Reproductive
*Testes (Males) Produces hormones Testosterone Scrotum
that control
maturation of sperm
and development of
the secondary male
sexual
*Ovaries characteristics; Estrogen, Progesterone Pelvic area
(Females)
 Produces hormones
that influence
development of the
secondary female
sexual
characteristics, and
maturation of the egg
cells and ovulation

 14th day is the ovulation day for regular menstrual cycle.

 Menstruation - periodic shedding of tissues and blood from the inner lining of the uterus
- temporarily stops during pregnancy
- is a sign that a girl can reproduce
- can be described as the discharge of blood from the uterine wall
 The ability to reproduce begins at adolescence.
 In humans, fertilization normally occurs in the fallopian tube.
 Estrogen - female sex hormone that is responsible for the development and maintenance of
typical female sexual characteristics
 Condom is the best birth control method used for safe sex.
 Nervous System - the body’s system which is composed of network of nerve cells and nerve
fibers that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the body.
- made up of brain, spinal cord and nerves
- divided into two: Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
 if one part of the nervous system fails to function properly the body cannot perform well
 Central Nervous System – is made up of brain and spinal cord
 Peripheral Nervous System – consists of nerves that branched out from the brain and spinal
cord
 Neurons are also known as nerve cells. Its parts are axon which carries the impulse towards
the cell body, cell body and dendrites which carries the impulse away from the cell body.
 Cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem are the main part of the brain.
 When your hand touches a hot object, the automatic response to such stimulus is to
withdraw your hand.
 Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - the molecule that serves as the “blueprint” of life
- this molecule is double helix
- found inside the nucleus
- complementary base pairs are adenine-thymine, cytosine-
guanine
 Most genes DNA hold instructions for the cell to make a specific protein.
 Chromosome is a long molecule of tightly coiled DNA.
 adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil are the nitrogenous bases for Ribonucleic acid
 The codes for the production of proteins need to leave the nucleus of the cell. This can be
accomplished by using RNA to take messages out of the nucleus.
 messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA are different types of RNA.
 Stop codons are UAA, UAG and UGA