Vectors

5 (a)
y
5
A
4
3
2
B
1
x
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

(i) Write down the position vector of A.

Answer(a)(i) f p [1]

(ii) Find ì ì , the magnitude of .

Answer(a)(ii) ................................................ [2]

(b)
S
NOT TO
Q SCALE

O p P R

O is the origin, = p and = q.

OP is extended to R so that OP = PR.
OQ is extended to S so that OQ = QS.

(i) Write down in terms of p and q.

Answer(b)(i) = ................................................ [1]

(ii) PS and RQ intersect at M and RM = 2MQ.

Use vectors to find the ratio PM : PS, showing all your working.

Answer(b)(ii) PM : PS = ....................... : ....................... [4]

__________________________________________________________________________________________

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For
16 Examiner′s
y Use
B
7
NOT TO
SCALE

A
1
x
0
–1 8

A is the point (–1, 1) and B is the point (8, 7).

(a) Write as a column vector.

Answer(a) = f p [1]
(b) Find | |.

Answer(b) | | = ............................................... [2]

(c) =2 .

Write down the co-ordinates of C.

Answer(c) (................ , ................) [1]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

17 Factorise completely.

(a) a + b + at + bt

Answer(a) ............................................... [2]

(b) x2 – 2x – 24

Answer(b) ............................................... [2]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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⎛ 3⎞ For
6 (a) Calculate the magnitude of the vector ⎜ ⎟. Examiner's
⎝ − 5⎠ Use

Answer(a) [2]

(b)
y
16

14

12

10

8
R P
6

x
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

(i) The points Pand Rare marked on the grid above.

⎛ 3⎞
=⎜ ⎟ . Draw the vector on the grid above. [1]
⎝ − 5⎠

(ii) Draw the image of vector after rotation by 90° anticlockwise about R. [2]

(c) = 2a + b and = 3b O a.

Find in terms of a and b. Write your answer in its simplest form.

Answer(c) = [2]

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20 For
D Examiner's
Use

E NOT TO
d SCALE

O c C

In the diagram, O is the origin.

= c and = d.
E is on CD so that CE = 2ED.

Find, in terms of c and d, in their simplest forms,

(a) ,

Answer(a) = [2]

(b) the position vector of E.

Answer(b) [2]

© UCLES 2012 0580/23/O/N/12 [Turn over

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For
(b) Examiner′s
P Q Use

NOT TO
SCALE
p R

O s S

In the pentagon OPQRS, OP is parallel to RQ and OS is parallel to PQ.

PQ = 2OS and OP = 2RQ.
O is the origin, = p and = s.

Find, in terms of p and s, in their simplest form,

(i) the position vector of Q,

Answer(b)(i) ............................................... [2]

(ii) .

Answer(b)(ii) = ............................................... [2]

(c) Explain what your answers in part (b) tell you about the lines OQ and SR.

Answer(c) .................................................................................................................................. [1]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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24
A
b
B
a NOT TO
SCALE

O
c C

In the diagram, O is the origin, OA = a, OC = c and AB = b.

P is on the line AB so that AP : PB = 2 : 1.
Q is the midpoint of BC.

Find, in terms of a, b and c, in its simplest form

(a) CB,

CB = ................................................. [1]

(b) the position vector of Q,

.................................................. [2]

(c) PQ.

PQ = ................................................. [2]

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⎛ − 2⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ For
(d) =⎜ ⎟ and =⎜ ⎟. Examiner's
⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ − 1⎠ Use

Write as a column vector.

⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
Answer(d) = ⎜ ⎟ [2]
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠

(e)
A
NOT TO
M SCALE

X
C

= b and = c.

(i) Find in terms of b and c.

Answer(e)(i) = [1]

(ii) Xdivides CB in the ratio 1 : 3 .

M is the midpoint of AB.

Find in terms of b and c.

Show all your working and write your answer in its simplest form.

Answer(e)(ii) = [4]

© UCLES 2012 0580/42/O/N/12 [Turn over

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14
Q b R NOT TO
SCALE

P M S

PQRS is a quadrilateral and M is the midpoint of PS.

PQ = a, QR = b and SQ = a – 2b.

(a) Show that PS = 2b.

Answer(a)

[1]

(b) Write down the mathematical name for the quadrilateral PQRM, giving reasons for your answer.

Answer(b) .............................................................. because ...............................................................

............................................................................................................................................................. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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7
R M Q

r NOT TO
SCALE

O p P

OPQR is a rectangle and O is the origin.

M is the midpoint of RQ and PT : TQ = 2 : 1.
OP = p and OR = r.

(a) Find, in terms of p and/or r, in its simplest form

(i) MQ,

MQ = .................................................. [1]

(ii) MT ,

MT = .................................................. [1]

(iii) OT .

OT = .................................................. [1]

(b) RQ and OT are extended to meet at U.

Find the position vector of U in terms of p and r.

Give your answer in its simplest form.

................................................... [2]

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2k
(c) MT = c m and MT = 180 .
-k
Find the positive value of k.

k = .................................................. [3]

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-2
(a) m = c m n =c m
3
9
2 3

(i) Work out 2m – 3n.

f p [2]

(ii) Calculate 2m - 3n .

................................................... [2]

(b) (i)
A

a NOT TO
M SCALE

O B
b

In the diagram, O is the origin, OA = a and OB = b.

The point M lies on AB such that AM : MB = 3 : 2.

Find, in terms of a and b, in its simplest form

(a) AB,

AB = .................................................. [1]

(b) AM ,

AM = .................................................. [1]

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(c) the position vector of M.

................................................... [2]

(ii) OM is extended to the point C.

The position vector of C is a + kb.

Find the value of k.

k = .................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2016 0580/43/O/N/16 [Turn over

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19
B M P

NOT TO
X SCALE
b

O a A

OAPB is a parallelogram.
O is the origin, OA = a and OB = b.
M is the midpoint of BP.

(a) Find, in terms of a and b, giving your answer in its simplest form,

(i) BA,

Answer(a)(i) BA = ................................................ [1]

(ii) the position vector of M.

Answer(a)(ii) ................................................ [1]

(b) X is on BA so that BX : XA = 1 : 2.

Show that X lies on OM.

Answer(b)

[4]

Question 20 is printed on the next page.

© UCLES 2015 0580/23/M/J/15 [Turn over

 18

5
10 (a) =c m
-8
(i) Find the value of ! !.

Answer(a)(i) ! ! = ................................................ [2]

(ii) Q is the point (2, –3).

Find the co-ordinates of the point P.

Answer(a)(ii) (...................... , ......................) [1]

(b)
A

NOT TO
a M SCALE

O N B
b

In the diagram, M is the midpoint of AB and L is the midpoint of OM.

The lines OM and AN intersect at L and ON = 13 OB.
= a and = b.

(i) Find, in terms of a and b, in its simplest form,

(a) ,

Answer(b)(i)(a) = ................................................ [2]

(b) ,

Answer(b)(i)(b) = ................................................ [1]

(c) .

Answer(b)(i)(c) = ................................................ [2]

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10
C

NOT TO
b
SCALE
M
a
A

BC = a and AC = b.

(a) Find AB in terms of a and b.

Answer(a) AB = ................................................ [1]

(b) M is the midpoint of BC.

X divides AB in the ratio 1 : 4.

Find XM in terms of a and b.

Show all your working and write your answer in its simplest form.

Answer(b) XM = ................................................ [4]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2015 0580/41/O/N/15

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(b)
C

Y
NOT TO
A SCALE

N
a
B

b
O

OACB is a parallelogram.
= a and = b.
2
AN : NB = 2 : 3 and AY = 5 AC.

(i) Write each of the following in terms of a and/or b.

Give your answers in their simplest form.

(a)

Answer(b)(i)(a) = ................................................ [2]

(b)

Answer(b)(i)(b) = ................................................ [2]

(ii) Write down two conclusions you can make about the line segments NY and BC.

Answer(b)(ii) ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________________

© UCLES 2014 0580/41/M/J/14 [Turn over

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19
C B

NOT TO
c X SCALE

O a A

The diagram shows a quadrilateral OABC.

= a, = c and = 2a.
X is a point on OB such that OX : XB = 1 : 2.

(a) Find, in terms of a and c, in its simplest form

(i) ,

Answer(a)(i) = ................................................ [1]

(ii) .

Answer(a)(ii) = ................................................ [3]

(b) Explain why the vectors and show that C, X and A lie on a straight line.

Answer(b) ..................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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For
19 t varies inversely as the square root of u. Examiner′s
t = 3 when u = 4. Use

Find t when u = 49.

Answer t = ............................................... [3]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

20
R Q
S

r M NOT TO
SCALE

O p P

OPQR is a parallelogram, with O the origin.

M is the midpoint of PQ.
OM and RQ are extended to meet at S.
= p and = r.

(a) Find, in terms of p and r, in its simplest form,

(i) ,

Answer(a)(i) = ............................................... [1]

(ii) the position vector of S.

Answer(a)(ii) ............................................... [1]

1
(b) When =– 2
p + r , what can you write down about the position of T ?

Answer(b) ................................................................................................................................. [1]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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18 For
Q R Examiner's
Use

M
q X NOT TO
SCALE

O p P

O is the origin and OPRQ is a parallelogram.

The position vectors of P and Q are p and q.
X is on PR so that PX = 2XR.

Find, in terms of p and q, in their simplest forms

(a) ,

Answer(a) = [2]

(b) the position vector of M, the midpoint of QX.

Answer(b) [2]

© UCLES 2012 0580/23/M/J/12 [Turn over

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18 For
S Examiner's
Use

X
NOT TO
SCALE

In the diagram, PQS, PMR , MXS and QXR are straight lines.

PQ = 2 QS.
M is the midpoint of PR .
QX : XR = 1 : 3.

= q and = r.

(a) Find, in terms of q and r,

(i) ,

Answer(a)(i) = [1]

(ii) .

Answer(a)(ii) = [1]

(b) By finding , show that X is the midpoint of MS.

Answer (b)

[3]

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For
19 Examiner′s
C Use

D B

c
b

E A

OABCDE is a regular polygon.

(a) Write down the geometrical name for this polygon.

Answer(a) ............................................... [1]

(b) O is the origin. = b and = c.

Find, in terms of b and c, in their simplest form,

(i) ,

Answer(b)(i) = ............................................... [1]

(ii) ,

Answer(b)(ii) = ............................................... [2]

(iii) the position vector of E.

Answer(b)(iii) ............................................... [1]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Question 20 is printed on the next page.

© UCLES 2013 0580/23/M/J/13 [Turn over

 10
For
19 Examiner′s
C Use

D B
c

O
a

E A

O is the origin.
ABCDEF is a regular hexagon and O is the midpoint of AD.

= a and = c.

Find, in terms of a and c, in their simplest form

(a) ,

Answer(a) = ............................................... [2]

(b) ,

Answer(b) = ............................................... [2]

(c) the position vector of E.

Answer(c) ............................................... [2]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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19 For
S R Examiner's
Use

T Q

O p P

O is the origin and OPQRST is a regular hexagon.

= p and = t.

Find, in terms of p and t, in their simplest forms,

(a) ,

Answer(a) = [1]

(b) ,

Answer(b) = [2]

(c) the position vector of R.

Answer(c) [2]

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8
B
P
A

NOT TO
SCALE

Q
9b
6a

3c

In the diagram, O is the origin and = 6a, = 9b and = 3c.

The point P lies on AB such that = 3b – 2a.
The point Q lies on BC such that = 2c – 6b.

(a) Find, in terms of b and c, the position vector of Q.

Give your answer in its simplest form.

Answer(a) ................................................ [2]

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(b) Find, in terms of a and c, in its simplest form

(i) ,

Answer(b)(i) = ................................................ [1]

(ii) .

Answer(b)(ii) = ................................................ [2]

(c) Explain what your answers in part (b) tell you about PQ and AC.

Answer(c) ............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................. [2]
__________________________________________________________________________________________

© UCLES 2014 0580/41/O/N/14 [Turn over

 15
For
(b) Examiner′s
T Use

A NOT TO
SCALE
R
4a

O 3b B

In the diagram, = 4a and = 3b.

1
R lies on AB such that = 5 (12a + 6b).
3
T is the point such that = 2 .

(i) Find the following in terms of a and b, giving each answer in its simplest form.

(a)

Answer(b)(i)(a) = ............................................... [1]

(b)

Answer(b)(i)(b) = ............................................... [2]

(c)

Answer(b)(i)(c) = ............................................... [1]

(ii) Complete the following statement.

The points O, R and T are in a straight line because ................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Triangle OAR and triangle TBR are similar.

area of triangle TBR
Find the value of .
area of triangle OAR

Answer(b)(iii) ............................................... [2]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

© UCLES 2013 0580/43/O/N/13 [Turn over

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⎛ ⎞ For
7 (a) Pis the point (2, 5) and = ⎜ 3⎟ . Examiner's
⎝ − 2⎠ Use

Write down the co-ordinates of Q.

Answer(a) ( , ) [1]

(b)
D

C B NOT TO
E
SCALE

c M

O 3a A

O is the origin and OABC is a parallelogram.

M is the midpoint of AB.
1
= c, = 3a and CE = CB.
3

OED is a straight line with OE : ED = 2 : 1 .

Find in terms of a and c, in their simplest forms

(i) ,

Answer(b)(i) = [1]

(ii) the position vector of M,

Answer(b)(ii) [2]

(iii) ,
Answer(b)(iii) = [1]

(iv) .

Answer(b)(iv) = [2]

(c) Write down two facts about the lines CD and OB.

Answer (c)

[2]

© UCLES 2012 0580/42/M/J/12