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Anatomia Da Coluna

The document provides an overview of spinal anatomy including: - 33 vertebrae that make up the spinal column divided into 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal vertebrae. - Curvatures of the spine including cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis. - Anatomy of individual vertebrae including the body, arch, processes, and foramina. - Joints and ligaments of the spine including the facet joints, intervertebral discs, and longitudinal and interspinous ligaments. - Nerves of the spine including the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, dorsal and ventral roots, and dermat

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Paula Duarte Marques
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52 views

Anatomia Da Coluna

The document provides an overview of spinal anatomy including: - 33 vertebrae that make up the spinal column divided into 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal vertebrae. - Curvatures of the spine including cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis. - Anatomy of individual vertebrae including the body, arch, processes, and foramina. - Joints and ligaments of the spine including the facet joints, intervertebral discs, and longitudinal and interspinous ligaments. - Nerves of the spine including the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, dorsal and ventral roots, and dermat

Uploaded by

Paula Duarte Marques
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANATOMIA

COLUNA
Anatomia topográfica
Anatomia topográfica
Anterior
Anatomia topográfica
Anterior
Anatomia topográfica
Sternocleidomastoid
 Manubrium & clavicle -
Mastoid process.
 Turn head opposite
side.
• NERVO CRANIANO

• 11º PAR: ACESSÓRIO

• Inervação: Músculo trapézio,


esternocleidomastoideo,
constritores faríngeos,
laringe, e músculos do
palato mole.
Anatomia
topográfica
Posterior
Músculos
Músculos
Ossos e curvaturas
33 Vertebrae:
• 7 cervical
• 12 thoracic
• 5 lumbar
Spinal curves: normal curves
• 5 sacral (fused)
• Cervical lordosis
• 4 coccygeal (fused)
• Thoracic kyphosis
• Lumbar lordosis
• Sacral kyphosis
Divisões
1) Cervical: stabilization of occiput to spine and rotation of head.
Motion: rotation and flexion/extension.
2) Thoracic: Relatively stiff due to costal articulations.
Motion: rotation. Minimal flexion/extension.
3) Thoracolumbar: Segments are mobile.
Most common site of lower spine injuries.
4) Lumbar: Largest vertebrae. Common site for pain. Houses cauda equina.
Motion: flexion/extension. Minimal rotation.
5) Sacrum: No motion. Is center of pelvis.
Vértebra
Vertebra: support the axial musculature and protect
the spinal cord.

1) Body: Articulates with intervertebral discs


(superior and inferior)
2) Arch: Made up of pedicles and lamina.
Develops from 2 ossificátions centers that fuse.
>>> Failure to fuse occurs in spina bifida.
3) Processes Spinous: ligament attachment site.
4) Transverse: ligament attachment site.
5) Foramina Vertebral: spinal cord/cauda equina.
Vértebra cervical
Vértebra cervical
Vértebra cervical
UNCOVERTEBRAL JOINTS

“Joints of Luschka”:
articulation in cervical spine
between uncinate process
Articular cartilage at this
joint can degenerate
Vértebra cervical
Vértebra cervical
Articulações e ligamentos
Cruciate ligament: Has 3 componentes
Transverse atlantal: Strongest ligament, holds odontoid to atlas.
Injury results in C1-2 instability
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Articulações e ligamentos
OCCIPITOATLANTAL JOINT
ROM: flexion/extension 25°; lateral bending 5° (each side);
rotation 5° (each side).
Articulações e ligamentos
ATLANTOAXIAL JOINT (C1-2)
ROM: flex/extend 20º; lateral bending 5º (each side); rotation 40º (each side).
Supplies 50% of cervical rotation.
Articulações e ligamentos
Alar: Strong, stabilizing ligaments. Injury results in C1-2 instability
Apical: Odontoid to ant. foramen magnum. Thin ligament provides
minimal stability
Articulações e ligamentos
Articulações e ligamentos
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) - limits hyperflexion.
Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) – Strong. Resists hyperextension.
Articulações e ligamentos
Ligamentum flavum: Strong, yellow, not a long continuous structure.
Hypertrophy may contribute to nerve root impingement.
Vértebra torácica
Vértebra torácica
Articulações e ligamentos
COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS
Vértebra lombar
Failure of fusion of two neural
arch (pedicle/lamina) ossification
centers results in spina bifida.
Vértebra
lombar
Articulações e ligamentos
Supraspinous: Dorsal spinous
processes. Ligamentum
nuchae is its superior
continuation. Strong.

Interspinous: Between
spinous processes. Torn in
ligamentous flexion-
distraction injuries. Weak.
Vértebra lombar
Pars interarticularis :
Area between facets,
site of spondylolysis/fracture
Articulações e ligamentos
FACET ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINT
Articulações e ligamentos
FACET ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINT
Articulations between the inferior & superior articular processes of
adjacent vertebrae.

Orientation changes from semi-coronal (cervical) to sagittal


(lumbar) and allows/dictates motion of that segment

Hypertrophic changes in degenerative disease can cause/contribute


to nerve root impingement
Articulações e ligamentos
Iliolumbar L5 transverse process
to ilium.
May avulse in pelvic fracture
Sacro
SACRUM
5 vertebrae are fused
Transmits body weight
from spine to pelvis
Kyphotic (approx 25°), apex
at S3
Nerves exit through
sacral foramina
Sacro
Ala (wing) is common
site for sacral fractures
Sacral canal narrows
distally - Sacral canal
opens to hiatus
distally
Segments fuse to each
other at puberty
Cóccix
COCCYX
4 vertebrae are fused
Attached to gluteus
maximus and coccygeal
muscle
No neural foramen
Common site for fracture
Colunas
Spine is divided into 3 columns (Denis):

Anterior: ALL & anterior 2⁄3 of vertebral body/annulus


Middle: PLL & posterior 1⁄3 of vertebral body/annulus
Posterior: Pedicles, lamina, spinous process, and ligaments

If more than one column involded in fracture, then instability


of spine usually results
Disco intervertebral
INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS:
Stabilize and maintain spine by anchoring adjacent vertebral
bodies. Allow flexibility and absorb/distribute energy.
The discs make up 25% of the spine height. Disc degeneration
with age results in loss of spinal column height.
Disco intervertebral
Annulus fibrosus Strong attachments to end plates of adjacent
vertebral
Resist tensile loads
Outer layer innervated
Can cause back pain
Disco intervertebral
Nucleus pulposus: Gelatinous mass of water, proteoglycans,
& type 2 collagen
Resists compressive loads
Water & proteoglycan content decrease with advancing age
Can herniate out of annulus & compress nerve root
Nervos
SPINAL CORD
Runs from brain to conus medullaris
(termination at L1) within the spinal
canal
Terminale filum and cauda equina
(lumbar and sacral nerve roots)
continue in the spinal canal.
Nervos
SPINAL CORD
Runs from brain to conus medullaris
(termination at L1) within the spinal
canal
Cauda equina (lumbar and sacral
nerve roots) continue in the spinal
canal.
Nervos
C1-7 exit above their vertebrae,
C8-L5 exit below their vertebrae
[C7 exits above and C8 exits below
C7 vertebra]

The lumbar and sacral nerves form the


cauda equina in the spinal canal
before exiting.
Nervos
SPINAL CORD
It has a layered covering
(membranes): dura mater, arachnoid
mater, pia mater.
Nervos
It is made up of multiple ascending (sensory) and
descending (motor) tracts and columns.

It is wider in the cervical and lumbar spines, where


the roots form plexus to innervate the upper and lower
extremities.
Paired (R & L) nerve roots emerge from each level.
Nerve roots made up of ventral (motor) and dorsal
(sensory) roots.
Nervos
There are 31 pairs (L & R).

Spinal nerves are made up of a


 ventral (motor) root - Motor nerve cell bodies
are in ventral horn of spinal cord.
 and a dorsal (sensory) root - Cell bodies for
sensory nerves are in dorsal root ganglia.

Roots exit spinal column via the intervertebral


(neural) foramen
Nervos
Spinal nerve divides into dorsal and ventral rami:
 Dorsal rami innervate local structures (neck and
back musculature, overlying skin, facet capsules,
etc).
 Ventral rami contribute to plexus (e.g., cervical,
brachial, lumbosacral) and become peripheral
nerves to the extremities.

Ventral rami of spinal nerve commonly referred to


as a spinal “roots.” The roots combine to form the
various plexus.
Vértebra lombar
Spinal nerves:
ventral (motor) root - Motor
nerve cell bodies are in
ventral horn of spinal cord.
dorsal (sensory) root - Cell
bodies for sensory nerves
are in dorsal root ganglia.
Nervos
They can be compressed by:
 herniated discs
 osteophytes
 hypertrophied soft tissues (ligamentum
flavum, facet capsule).
Nervos
Dermátomos
Nervos
Nervos
Referências bibliográficas
THOMPSON, J. Netter atlas de anatomia ortopédica. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2011.
www.teachmeanatomy.com
Magalhães e Reis et. al. Nervo acessório-Revisão neuroanatômica . Braz. J. Neuroanat. 3(1): 1-8;
2019.
Machado ABM, Haertel LM. Neuroanatomia funcional. 3ª ed. São Paulo: Atheneu, 2006.

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