IEA-Ergonomics and Sustainability-Tosi 3878completo
IEA-Ergonomics and Sustainability-Tosi 3878completo
Original Citation:
Ergonomics and sustainability in the design of everyday use products, in: Work, supplement 1/2012 "IEA
2012: 18th World congress on Ergonomics - Designing a sustainable future" Editors Marcelo M. Soares
and Karen Jacobs, IOS Press 2012 / F. Tosi. - In: WORK. - ISSN 1051-9815. - ELETTRONICO. - 1:(2012), pp.
3878-3882.
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IOS Press 13/01/16 15:51
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Aims & Scope Editorial board Manuscript submission & Author instructions Abstracted/Indexed in News
WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation is an interdisciplinary, international journal which publishes high quality
peer-reviewed manuscripts covering the entire scope of the occupation of work. The journal's subtitle has been deliberately laid out:
The first goal is the prevention of illness, injury, and disability. When this goal is not achievable, the attention focuses on assessment to
design client-centered intervention, rehabilitation, treatment, or controls that use scientific evidence to support best practice. WORK
occasionally publishes thematic issues, but in general, issues cover a wide range of topics such as ergonomic considerations with
children, youth and students, the challenges facing an aging workforce, workplace violence, injury management, performing artists,
ergonomic product evaluations, and the awareness of the political, cultural, and environmental determinants of health related to work.
Dr. Karen Jacobs, the founding editor, and her editorial board especially encourage the publication of research studies, clinical practice,
case study reports, as well as personal narratives and critical reflections of lived work experiences (autoethnographic/autobiographic
scholarship), Sounding Board commentaries and Speaking of Research articles which provide the foundation for better understanding
research to facilitate knowledge dissemination. Narrative Reflections on Occupational Transitions, a new column, is for persons who
have successfully transitioned into, between, or out of occupations to tell their stories in a narrative form. With an internationally
renowned editorial board, WORK maintains high standards in the evaluation and publication of manuscripts. All manuscripts are
reviewed expeditiously and published in a timely manner.WORK prides itself on being an author-friendly journal.
http://www.iospress.nl/journal/work/ Pagina 1 di 7
i
Preface
Karen Jacobs
Founding Editor-in-Chief, WORK, Chairperson, IEA Science, Technology & Practice (STP), Occupational the-
rapist & ergonomist, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
E-mail: [email protected]; Blog: http://blogs.bu.edu/kjacobs/
WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Asssessment & Rehabilitation is honored to publish as a supplement, the
Proceedings for the 18th Triennial International Ergonomics Association’s (IEA) Congress. The theme of the
Congress was Designing a Sustainable Future. We must all make a commitment to help design a sustainable fu-
ture. As described on the Congress website;
“As a discipline which is involved in the designing of the interactions among humans and other elements of a
system, ergonomics must consider “sustainability” as a key aspect in optimizing resources to improve human
well-being and overall system performance. So, one of the major challenges in the field of ergonomics for the 21st
Century will be the design and management of systems that satisfy custom demands in terms of the requirements
for human compatibility and at the same time consider sustainability” (www.iea2012.org).
The Congress papers contained in this supplement are a global snap shot of the science-driven and evidence
based research and scholarly work being conducted by practitioners, scientists, researchers, academicians, and
students. All papers are indexed with DOI numbers so they can be easily accessed and will add to the growing
body of evidence in ergonomics.
It has been my pleasure to be part of the IEA’s Executive Committee and the Organizing Committee of this
Congress during Dr. Andy Imada’s term as President. Andy, thank you for your leadership. Congratulations to
Professor Marcelo M. Soares, the Congress Chair, the Congress Organizing Committee, the IEA, the Brazilian
Ergonomics Association and the Union of Latin-American Ergonomics Societies on a successful Congress.
Karen Jacobs
iii
Contents
Parallel Sessions
Area – Activity Theories for Work Analysis and Design
Analysis of the work of air traffic controllers of the approach control area
(APP) of Porto Alegre, Brazil
C.V. Vargas, L.B. de M. Guimarães and A.M.O. Sant’Anna 151
The passing of the shift in aircraft maintenance - a task that produces deaths
Reginaldo Campos, Edgard Martins and Marcelo Soares 219
Area – Aging
S-Aging 01 - Working Late
S-Aging 03 – Telemedicine
A usability gap between older adults and younger adults on interface design
of an Internet-based telemedicine system
Young J. Chun and Patrick E. Patterson 349
The relevance of temporal iconicity with instruction manuals for elderly users
Alexander Mertens, Claudia Nick, Stefan Krüger and
Christopher M. Schlick 357
Physical demands during the hauling of fishing nets for artisan fishing
using rafts in beach of Ponta Negra, Natal-Brasil
Anelena Jaeschke and Maria Christine Werba Saldanha 414
Heavy physical work under time pressure: the garbage collection service-
a case study
Ilza Mitsuko de Oliveira Camada, Silvana Maria Santos Pataro
and Rita de Cássia Pereira Fernandes 462
Three years of the OCRA methodology in Brazil: critical analysis and results
Facci Ruddy, Marcatto Eduardo and Santino Edoardo 510
Support of the upper limbs of office workers during a daily work journey
Ernesto Filgueiras, Francisco Rebelo and Moreira da Silva 676
The overload at work and outside of work: the case of woman operators
of blistering
Raoni Rocha Simões and Vitor Guilherme Carneiro Figueiredo 698
The emergency system for the town of Milano: evaluation of an help point
Isabella Tiziana Steffan 774
xvi
Taking care of you and care for others: an analysis of the activity of the
work of technical and nursing assistants of a psychiatric institution for
children and adolescents
Davidson Passos Mendes, Geraldo Fabiano de Souza Moraes
and Juliana Cristina de Lima Mendes 783
How do people differentiate between jobs: and how do they define a good job?
Wendy Jones, Roger Haslam and Cheryl Haslam 818
Do teachers believe they are competent to promote healthy ICT use among
their students?
R. Zlamanski and M. Ciccarelli 869
Back pack injuries in Indian school children: risk factors and clinical
presentations
Deepak Sharan, P.S. Ajeesh, Jerrish A. Jose, Sukrit Debnath
and M. Manjula 929
Aesthetic taste versus utility: the emotional and rational of the individual
Claudia Mourthé and Pierre-Henri Dejean 1079
xxi
Evaluating insole design with joint motion, plantar pressure and rating of
perceived exertion measures
Yu-Chi Lee, Gloria Lin and Mao-Jiun J. Wang 1114
Designing an ergonomics backpack for student aged 7-9 with user centred
design approach
Mahdie Amiri, Mohsen Safar Dezfooli and Seyed Reza Mortezaei 1193
Technology and cognitive ability: the use of new technologies and the
design of digital interfaces
Olavo Bessa 1296
Ergonomics and design in a ischial support proposal for the Medellin metro,
Colombia
Luz Mercedes Sáenz Zapata and Andrés Valencia Escobar 1323
“EWS Matrix” and “EWG Matrix”: “De-sign for All” tools referred to the
development of a enabling communication system for public spaces
Giuseppe Di Bucchianico, Stefania Camplone, Stefano Picciani
and Valeria Vallese 1368
The user testing toolset: a decision support system to aid the evaluation of
assistive technology products
Andree Woodcock, Simon Fielden and Richard Bartlett 1381
Interface design and contemporary: human creating new guidelines for high-tech
products
Andreia Salvan Pagnan, Giovana Freitas Rabelo Ribeiro,
Maria Goretti Souza Gonçalves, Jairo José Drummond Câmara
and Sandra Motta Baptista 1524
Informational ergonomics and design: signage design for Monte Sião Camp
Luiz Guilherme Oliveira Marques and Vânia Maria
Batalha Cardoso 1553
Analyzing Web pages visual scanpaths: between and within tasks variability
Gautier Drusch and J.M. Christian Bastien 1559
Analysis of the lifted weight including height and frequency factors for
workers in Colombia
Luis A. Saavedra-Robinson, Leonardo A. Quintana J,
Luis Díaz Fortunato Leal and María Niño 1639
The RFad Method – a new fatigue recovery time assessment for industrial
activities
Marcello Silva e Santos, Mario Cesar Rodriguez Vidal and
Sergio Bastos Moreira 1656
The regulation of work activity and the new labor and production contexts
Elaine Cristina Silva and Paulo Eduardo Gomes Bento 1677
Modified track shoes and their effect on the EMG activity of calf muscles
Marlon Greensword, Fereydoun Aghazadeh and Saif Al-Qaisi 1763
The reality of the women who make our lives easier: experience in a
company that assemblies electric motors in Venezuela
L. Yanes Escalona, R. Sandia Venot, E. Escalona and L. Yanes 1775
xxxii
Effect of low back pain on social and professional life of drivers of Kolkata
Somnath Gangopadhyay and Samrat Dev 2426
xliv
In regulation we trust
Siri Wiig and Jorunn Elise Tharaldsen 3043
Exploring functions of the lost seeking devices for people with dementia
Yung-Ching Chen and Cherng-Yee Leung 3093
S-Saf&Hth 11 – Safety
Recovery and detachment between shifts, and fatigue during a twelve-hour shift
Christian Korunka, Bettina Kubicek, Roman Prem and
Antonio Cvitan 3227
Lighting old age – how lighting impacts the ability to grow old in
own housing, part one
Gunnar Horgen, Grethe Eilertsen and Helle Falkenberg 3385
Incidence and risk factors for symptoms from the eyes among
professional computer users
A. Toomingas, M. Hagberg, M. Heiden, H. Richter,
K.E. Westergren and E. Wigaeus Tornqvist 3560
SYMPOSIA
Application of the OCRA Method in the sugar cane harvest and its
repercussion on the workers’ health. Preliminary study
Facci Ruddy, Marcatto Eduardo and Santino Edoardo 3981
lxxii
Comparing swimsuits in 3D
Erik van Geer, Johan Molenbroek, Sander Schreven,
Lenneke deVoogd-Claessen and Huib Toussaint 4025
How does the size and shape of local populations in China compare
to general anthropometric surveys currently used for product design?
Nathan Daniell, François Fraysse and Gunther Paul 4088
S25 Gender, work activity and risk: what are the implications for
intervention?
When gender bumps into health and safety training: working conditions,
readings and challenges drawn from a case study in an industrial
chemicals company
Ricardo Vasconcelos, Sandra Teixeira, Joana Castelhano
and Marianne Lacomblez 4291
Using HIT to deliver integrated care for the frail elderly in the UK:
current barriers and future challenges
Patrick Waterson, Ken Eason, Dylan Tutt and Mike Dent 4490
Police training course for agents – entry into the profession and also into
the distinction between men and women
Joana Castelhano, Marianne Lacomblez, Marta Santos and
Camilo Valverde 4637
Safe and healthy integration into semiskilled jobs: does gender matter?
Marie Laberge, Nicole Vézina and Johanne Saint-Charles 4642
Decision support for vessel traffic service (VTS): user needs for
dynamic risk management in the VTS
Gesa Praetorius and Margareta Lützhöft 4866
S54 New world of work and its effects on comfort, health and productivity
Ethical issues raised by the new orientations in ergonomics and living labs
Javier Barcenilla and Charles Tijus 5259
History taking
Jerrish A. Jose 5369
Poster Sessions
The passing of the shift in aircraft maintenance - a task that produces deaths
Reginaldo Campos, Edgard Martins and Marcelo M. Soares 5371
Area: Aging
Influences of the edge radius of curvature of tactile dots and bars ontheir
Discriminability
Wataru Toyoda, Kouki Doi and Hiroshi Fujimoto 5378
Area: Agriculture
Area: Anthropometry
Finding the team for Mars: a psychological and human factors analysis
of a Mars Desert Research Station crew
Benjamin D. Sawyer, P.A. Hancock, John Deaton and
Peter Suedfeld 5481
Ergonomics and the inclusion of disabled people in the Brazilian job market
L.B. Martins and A.K.P.S. Cabral 5493
New guidelines for health care for alcohol and drug users and the
real work: possible contributions of ergonomics to the restructuring of work
and competence development
Daniela Tonizza de Almeida and e Eliza Helena de Oliveira
Echternacht 5505
Analysis on the relationship between the school furniture and the work
surface lighting and the body posture of public Middle School students
from João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
Luiz Bueno da Silva, Eliza Juliana da Costa Eulálio,
Antonio Souto Coutinho and Elaine Victor 5540
The municipal solid waste and the quality of life of collectors of recyclable
materials in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais
Aline de Barros Pimenta, Sueli Maria dos Reis Santos,
Maria Cristina Pinto de Jesus, Marcos Mantins Borges,
Geraldo Luciano de Oliveira Marques and
e José Gustavo Francis Abdalla 5681
Proposal of digital interface for the system of the air conditioner’s remote
control: analysis of the system of feedback
Raisa da Silva de Queiroz Pierre, Tarô Arthur Tavares Kawada
and André Guimarães Fontes 5689
Daily rhythm of salivary IL-1ß, cortisol and melatonin in day and night
workers
Érica Lui Reinhardt, Pedro Augusto Carlos Magno Fernandes,
Regina Pekelmann Markus and Frida Marina Fischer 5788
The ruler of inclusion in the process of people learning with visual disability
Eliane Mafra, Eduardo Concepcion Batiz and
Marcelo Macedo 5813
Area: Transport
Ergonomic design of crane cabins: a case study from a steel plant in India
Pradip Kumar Ray and V.K. Tewari 5972
Special Session
SSO3
Abstract. The relationship between Ergonomics and Design is a key element in the sustainability project, as well as in many
other areas of experimental design. In the Design for Sustainability field, Ergonomics is a strategic factor for design culture
innovation, providing designers with the necessary knowledge and skills regarding human characteristics and capabilities, as
well as user needs and desires during use and interaction with products in work activities and everyday life. Ergonomics is
also a strategic innovative factor in design development and manufacturing processes. In fact, ergonomics provides a metho
dological approach in userproduct interaction evaluation processes through the use of participatory design and survey me
thods, user trials, direct observation, savings and resource conservation, etc.
On the other hand, design offers solutions able to interpret user needs and expectations, at the same time sug
gesting new behaviors and lifestyles.
In Design for Sustainability, the ergonomic and usercentered approach contributes greatly to lifestyles and in
novative use of products making it possible to understand and interpret real people needs and expectations in
their everyday actions and behavior.
New consumption patterns, new awareness of lifestyles, energy source consumption, purchasing methods and
consumption style etc. can be supported by design innovation, responding to expressed and unexpressed user
needs. With this in mind, the ergonomic approach represents the starting point for design choices and at the
same time, a tool for assessing their appropriateness and effectiveness.
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
1051-9815/12/$27.50 © 2012 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved
3879
F. Tosi / Ergonomics and Sustainability in the Design of Everyday Use Products
Design and, in parallel, in the field of environmental In the field of Design for Sustainability, as in all
sustainability, have addressed from both standpoints fields of design, Ergonomics represents an innovation
the issues of sustainability and safety of production factor of the design culture that provides the designer
processes and the impact that said processes and with the necessary knowledge about human characte-
more generally, the western development model have ristics and capabilities, and the methodological tools
on the welfare and health of individuals and the for evaluating different people-needs during use and
community. interaction with the products at work and in everyday
While there are many points of contact among the life. Ergonomics is also a key factor in the develop-
three areas – ergonomics, design, and sustainability - ment of design and manufacturing processes.
already widely addressed and developed in terms of Indeed, it provides structured methods designed to
theoretical and methodological research - the expe- evaluate user-product interaction, and to identify and
riments conducted in the field of applied research and interpret user needs, expectations and desires.
experimental design and, in particular, the develop- The ergonomic approach can thus represent both
ment of new expressive languages and the creation of the starting point of the design process - deriving
innovative design solutions, are instead very recent. from the knowledge of characteristics and capabili-
ties of Human Factors, and from the knowledge of
2. Ergonomics for Design and Sustainability: user needs and expectations, from their interpretation
the development of a research and intervention based on structured survey and evaluation methods of
area the User-Centered Design approach - and at the same
time, the tool for assessing their appropriateness and
Many of the contents that have been forming over effectiveness.
recent years in the area of Ergonomics in Design, With regard to the role of design in the field of
have much in common with the goals and philosophy sustainability, as well as in all its fields of interven-
of sustainable design. tion, this is based on the ability to imagine and elabo-
The growing focus on the "people-centered" aspect rate innovative design solutions and to synthesize
can be observed in the various design areas and spe- them into a finished product, able to interpret the
cializations - from product design and architectural needs, expectations and desires of people, as well as
design, to town and territorial planning - which are suggesting new behaviors and lifestyles.
now turning to issues of sustainability of the produc-
tion and consumption processes, protection of the Design is by definition based on the ability to syn-
environment and non-renewable resources generated thesize creative synthesis of innovation and technical
by the crisis of the western development model. feasibility, which may have as its starting point tech-
One of the main features of ergonomics that has nological and/or production innovations, scientific
characterized its development from the start, is the innovations, factors of social change - or it may
ability to continually expand its fields of interest and spring from the ability to give new interpretations to
intervention, embracing ever-new disciplines and existing technologies, materials, or production
skills, in an ongoing expansion and enrichment processes, as well as the capacity to interpret existing
process in which each component - old and new - behaviors, habits, languages and knowledge in an
neither excludes nor denies the previous ones, consi- innovative key.
dering them instead as parallel specializations with Design is also based on the ability to synthesize
which to define increasingly new grounds for dialo- different types of disciplinary knowledge - tradition-
gue and shared survey approaches. ally coming from the scientific, technological and
It therefore seems natural for ergonomics to en- humanistic areas - or rather, the ability to synthesize
compass issues of environmental sustainability, to the knowledge, stimuli and contributions coming
which it can offer, albeit with different intervention from different disciplines and different research areas
methods, its methodological approach aimed at as- in the project.
sessing and interpreting the modalities and conditions The same training model of the designer is based
via which it implements "the interaction between on the contribution and dialogue between different
individuals and other elements of a system", and a disciplinary components. A training model that does
philosophy of action, oriented to respond with inno- not produce a "know-all" designer, who knows eve-
vative design and intervention solutions to the needs rything about all the various areas of knowledge in
and expectations of the individual and the community. his or her training, but rather, a designer able to
tackle the differing research and project topics in a
3880 F. Tosi / Ergonomics and Sustainability in the Design of Everyday Use Products
complex key through the ability to communicate with ronments, and technological and social systems is the
all the different disciplines and professional skills, common ground - both theoretical and operational -
and through the interpretation and systematization of on which Ergonomics, Design, and Sustainability are
all the contributions, tools and languages. all based.
The design approach, at the same time "innovation A common ground offering a highly innovative
maker” and interpreter of traditionally far removed approach to the project, which assesses, in a systemic
knowledge and skills, moves closer to the ergonom- perspective, the various research areas linked to secu-
ics approach and its action philosophy based on the rity, usability, welfare, and health, of the three areas
integration of different knowledge and skills, and on of Ergonomics, Design and Sustainability.
a strictly methodological system, capable of provid-
ing information and tools for dialogue and compari- 3. The construction of an integrated approach
sons among the various scientific and professional to the project: several research experiences in the
skills. field of everyday product design
Similar to ergonomics, the designer also plays a
connecting role among different disciplines and skills, In relation to my research area, the specificity and
with the ability to communicate with other discip- innovative value of the ergonomic approach to design
lines, skills and also help them communicate are in its ability to assess the multiplicity of variables
amongst themselves. A role of conjunction and syn- that define the user - product interaction (namely, the
thesis, originating for both from the same system of features and capabilities of users, the product charac-
training pathways based on the multitude of discipli- teristics and goals, the activities for which it is - or
nary sectors involved (and therefore, on knowledge, can be - used, and the characteristics of the physical
goals, assessment prospects, methods, experiences, and social context), in turn identifying and interpret-
and languages), and on the capacity to tackle each ing user requirements, expressed or unexpressed, in
research, intervention and/or project issue from vari- relation to this interaction.
ous points of view and on an interdisciplinary basis. With particular reference to Design for Sustaina-
bility, the ergonomic approach and the UCD ap-
Moreover, Design and Ergonomics work more in proach may contribute greatly to the innovation of
terms of problem-solving than abstract theoretical lifestyles and also to the way of using everyday
research, characterized by their sector of intervention products.
rather than by their scientific or disciplinary area.
Last, but certainly not least, user centrality - or ra- The main intervention areas of Ergonomics in Design
ther people centrality - is the most relevant aspect in in the sustainability sector include the field of every-
the design and product development process. “User day products and, in general, consumer products,
centrality” is the point of contact among the three design solutions for social housing and services for
areas, both in ethical terms, starting from the same the home regarding the sharing of living facilities and
definitions of Ergonomics, Design and Sustainability, of personal services, time management strategies,
and in methodological and operational terms. innovative solutions for energy saving, and conserva-
As E. Manzini and C. Vezzoli in fact state, "(...) tion of resources, etc.
the transition to a sustainable society will necessarily Design research on some of these issues is current-
consist of the social development of learning, thanks ly underway at the Faculty of Architecture of the
to which, amidst errors and contradictions - as always University of Florence, specifically targeting the de-
happens in learning processes - human society will velopment of innovative solutions based on the User-
gradually learn to live better by consuming (much) Centered Design approach and aimed at proposing
less and by regenerating the quality of its habitat, that new ways to use everyday products in the domestic
is, of the global and local ecosystems and contexts of and intermodal mobility fields.
social life, in which humans have to live." 1
The first example involves the project called “Well
"Designing for the people", i.e. designing for the Living: Ergonomics and Ecology in the kitchen" de-
needs, expectations (and desires) of the people who veloped with the EFFETI company in the sector of
enter into relationships with objects, buildings, envi- household kitchens, where the analysis phase of user
needs and expectations, allows for identifying areas
1
Manzini E., Vezzoli C., Lo sviluppo di prodotti of technological product innovation - said perfor-
sostenibili, Maggiol, Rimini 1998, 2004
3881
F. Tosi / Ergonomics and Sustainability in the Design of Everyday Use Products
mance and innovative services can be offered in a process innovations in bicycle design," EU project -
mature and consolidated field like that of household FP7-SST-2008-RTD -1 – funded in 2010, aimed at
kitchens - both in terms of lifestyles and habits re- creating an easily transportable, folding bicycle in
garding the preparation and consumption of food, ultra-lightweight material for use on city tracks inte-
especially in relation to the proper use and saving of grated with the public transport network.
energy sources, waste reduction etc.. The research
project was developed in 2009-2010 with joint expe- The goal of this program is to develop ergonomic
rimental research and teaching at the Bachelor's De- know-how related to the aspects of physiological and
gree of “Design” at the University of Florence, psychological "comfort" with specific reference to
funded by the Region of Tuscany in 2011. the compliance of the city/cruising bike with the usa-
bility, comfort and biomechanical, anthropometric
and physiological compatibility requirements. More
specifically, the goals include:
- The definition of a scientifically tested method
for measuring and assessing the usability and
comfort needs related to bicycles used mainly
for urban and intermodal transfers.
- The selection of methods for evaluating the
compatibility conditions of anthropometric and
postural comfort specifically used for assessing
the cycling mobility and the use of bicycles in
urban areas.
- The definition of an ergonomic platform (geo-
metric/dimensional matrix) for identifying the
best postural trim for a city bike, in order to
adapt the different sizes to a single shape and
test it on a model.
- The synthesizing of the results in the best possi-
ble solution.
- The verification of the validity of the proposed
model with tests conducted on models and users.
References