SECOND

HUGHeS | stephenson | DUMMETT

EDITION

Connect with the world and

bring your classroom to Life.
Now in a new edition, National Geographic Learning
brings the world to your classroom with Life, a six-
level, integrated-skills series with grammar and
vocabulary for young adult and adult English language
learners. Through stunning National Geographic content,
video and engaging topics, Life inspires a generation of
informed decision-makers. With Life, learners develop
their ability to think critically and communicate effectively
in the global community.
■  n extensive Critical Thinking
A
syllabus encourages learners to
develop well-informed opinions

Life
STUDENT'S BOOK | PRE-INTERMEDIATE
■  pdated and relevant content through
U
National Geographic photographs

Student’s Book
and video engages learners by connecting
them to people and places from around
the world

■ New ‘My Life’ sections help learners

explore the connections between the
content and their own lives

Includes Student’s Web App!

See inside front cover for details.

BRITISH ENGLISH
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2

CEFR correlation
pre-intermediate

Life Pre-intermediate is for learners who are

around level A2 and want to progress towards B1.

Bringing the world to the classroom

and the classroom to life

NGL.Cengage.com/ELT

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co JOHN HUGHES | HELEN STEPHENSON | PAUL DUMMETT

A P A RT OF CENGAGE

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
The following new and updated features of the second edition
of Life are based on extensive research and consultation with
teachers and learners from around the world:
■ Updated global content in the unit themes and reading selections

■ Updated video material features additional video support for

vocabulary learning

■ New, specially selected National Geographic photography

stimulates learners’ visual literacy skills

■  efined grammar syllabus with increased scaffolding and an

R
enhanced reference section

■  xtended and better-integrated critical thinking syllabus actively

E
engages students in their language learning, encouraging them
to develop their own well-informed and reasoned opinions

■  ew ‘My Life’ speaking activities encourage learners to relate the

N
global content to their own lives

■  ew ‘Memory Booster’ activities improve learners’ ability to

N
retain new language

■ An improved Classroom Presentation Tool now includes the

Workbook pages, academic skills worksheets, extra support
and extension activities

■  he Student’s Web App includes video and audio for the Student’s
T
Book and Workbook, and additional interactive activities

Access your free Life Web Resources, including

the Web App at:
NGL.Cengage.com/life
Username: life
Password: student

ON THE COVER

Rowers take part in the 42nd annual Vogalonga in Venice, Italy. The Vogalonga
is a famous non-competitive regatta that started in 1974 as a protest against
motor boats. Its 30km route goes through many picturesque parts of the city.
© Awakening/Getty Images ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 SECOND
EDITION

Life
STUDENT'S BOOK | PRE-Intermediate

JOHN HUGHES
HELEN STEPHENSON
PAUL DUMMETT

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Contents
Unit Grammar Vocabulary Real life (functions) Pronunciation

1
present simple everyday routines talking about illness /s/, /z/ or /ɪz/
adverbs and expressions of wordbuilding: collocations one or two syllables?
frequency with do, play and go
present simple and present word focus: feel
continuous medical problems
Lifestyle
pages 9–20

VIDEO: My local park page 18 REVIEW page 20

2
verbs for rules sport talking about interests /ŋ/
-ing form wordbuilding: suffixes silent letters
word focus: like

Competitions
pages 21–32

VIDEO: Mongolian horse racing page 30 REVIEW page 32

3
comparatives and ways of travelling going on a journey than
superlatives transport nouns sentence stress
as … as wordbuilding: compound intonation
comparative modifiers nouns
transport adjectives
Transport transport verbs
taking transport
pages 33–44

VIDEO: Indian Railways page 42 REVIEW page 44

4
past simple risks and challenges telling a story /d/, /t/ or /ɪd/
past continuous and personal qualities was/were
past simple wordbuilding: verbs and intonation for
nouns responding

Challenges
pages 45–56

VIDEO: A microadventure page 54 REVIEW page 56

5
quantifiers materials phoning about an order /ðə/ or /ðiː/
articles: a/an, the or no recycling sounding friendly
article results and figures
word focus: take

The
environment
pages 57–68

VIDEO: Recycling Cairo page 66 REVIEW page 68

6
to + infinitive life events inviting, accepting and /tə/
future forms: going to, will describing age declining contracted forms
and present continuous celebrations emphasizing words
word focus: get
wordbuilding: synonyms
Stages in life
pages 69–80

VIDEO: Steel drums page 78 REVIEW page 80

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

2 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Listening Reading Critical thinking Speaking Writing
someone talking about a a quiz about how well giving examples finding out about text type: filling in a
national park near a city you sleep lifestyle form
a radio interview about long life an article about your current life writing skill:
centenarians making a town information on
an article about how healthier forms
nature is good for you

someone describing an Ironman an article about crazy reading between the explaining the rules of a text type: an advert or
competition competitions lines competition notice
three people talking about an article about female talking about your sport writing skill: checking
competitive sports wrestlers in Bolivia preferences your writing
your opinions about
Olympic sports

someone describing a photo of an article about solutions opinions for talking about and text type: notes and
a woman travelling by train to transport problems and against comparing journeys messages
in India an article about the advice on transport writing skill: writing in
two people discussing the pros fate of the rickshaw in a presentation about a note form
and cons of types of transport Kolkata pedicab company
a documentary about animal
transport

a caver talking about his hobby an article about looking for evidence asking about your past text type: a short story
an impossible decision adventurers events you remember writing skill: structure
an article about different telling a story your writing
types of challenges

extract from a documentary an article about e-rubbish close reading recycling where you are a quiz
about a house of recycled an article about a boat general knowledge quiz text type: emails
materials made of plastic bottles, changing attitudes and writing skill: formal
news about environmental the Plastiki behaviour words
projects an online order

differences between the an article about how a analysing the writer’s plan the trip of a text type: a
generations couple changed their view lifetime description
a news item about Mardi Gras life planning a celebration writing skill:
an article about how describing annual descriptive adjectives
Mardi Gras is celebrated events
around the world
an article about coming-
of-age ceremonies

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 3
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit Grammar Vocabulary Real life (functions) Pronunciation

7
present perfect and past language to describe jobs a job interview intrusive /w/
simple jobs
present perfect with for wordbuilding: suffixes
and since parts of a building
prepositions of place and word focus: make or do
Work movement job adverts
pages 81–92

VIDEO: My working life page 90 REVIEW page 92

8
zero and first conditional internet verbs finding out how linking
defining relative clauses wordbuilding: dependent something works
prepositions
instructions

Technology
pages 93–104

VIDEO: Ancient languages, modern technology page 102 REVIEW page 104

9
past perfect simple holiday collocations requesting and suggesting ’d
subject questions wordbuilding: -ed / -ing number of syllables
adjectives /ʤə/
word focus: place

Holidays
pages 105–116

VIDEO: Living in Venice page 114 REVIEW page 116

10
the passive (present and wordbuilding: word forms giving your opinion stress in different
past simple) describing design word forms
used to websites /s/ or /z/

Products
pages 117–128

Video: Wind turbines page 126 REVIEW page 128

11
reported speech wordbuilding: verb + giving a short presentation pausing
reporting verbs (say and preposition
tell) communication
ancient history
word focus: one
History
pages 129–140

VIDEO: The Golden Record page 138 REVIEW page 140

12
second conditional extreme weather finding a solution would / wouldn’t / ‘d
anywhere, everyone, nature
nobody, something, etc. word focus: start

Nature
pages 141–152

VIDEO: Cambodia animal rescue page 150 REVIEW page 152

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES page 153 GRAMMAR SUMMARY page 156 AUDIOSCRIPTS page 181

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

4 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Listening Reading Critical thinking Speaking Writing
a description of a job in a steel an article about new jobs analysing comparisons describing past text type: a CV
factory in an area in a text experiences writing skill: missing
an interview with a scientist an article about modern- giving directions out words in CVs
two people giving instructions day cowboys job satisfaction
a job interview

a documentary about the an explorer’s blog the writer’s sources planning a trip text type: a paragraph
importance of technology an article about important inventions writing skills:
a science programme about a biomimetics design an invention for connecting words
new invention everyday life
favourite technology

three people talk about their a holiday story the author’s purpose a story about a holiday text type: an
holidays an article about the two planning the holiday of email requesting
an interview with a tour guide sides of Paris a lifetime information
a place you know writing skill: formal
expressions

a description of a producer and an article about some fact or opinion? some famous products text type: a review
his products famous logos talk about things you writing skill: giving
a programme about a product an article about having used to do in the past your opinion
from the past less ‘stuff’ using less stuff
planning a new website

a historian talking about Scott’s the history of video emotion words planning a time capsule a message in a bottle
hut at the Antarctic gaming opinions about games text type: a biography
a message in a bottle an article about stealing reporting a message writing skill:
history a museum in your town punctuation in direct
speech

a description of a photo and the an article about a science close reading hopes and dreams text type: an article
life of a storm chaser blog questions with any writing skill: planning
a documentary about a an article about Jane interview questions an article
photographer Goodall

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 5

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Life around the world – in 12 videos

Unit 10 Wind turbines

Unit 11 The Golden Record
Learn about an innovative product and
how it can change lives.

Voyager 1 carries a message for other UK

life forms in the universe.

USA

Unit 6 Steel drums

Trinidad & Tobago

Steelband music, or pan, is an Unit 1 My local park

important part of the culture in these
Caribbean islands. How different people spend their free
time.

Unit 7 My working life

Some people talk about their working
lives.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

6 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Life videos

Unit 9 Living in Venice Unit 2 Mongolian horse racing

Horse racing at a Mongolian festival.

Unit 8 Ancient languages,

modern technology

Learn what it’s like to live in Venice.

Mongolia

Croatia Unit 4 A microadventure

Two friends spend 24 hours in Croatia Find out how technology is being used
on a microadventure. to record and preserve disappearing
Italy languages.

Egypt

Unit 12 Cambodia animal rescue

India

Unit 5 Recycling Cairo Cambodia

Find out how recycled objects are used

in Cairo.

Rescuing victims of illegal animal

poaching in Cambodia.

Unit 3 Indian Railways

Learn more about the Indian railway

system.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 7

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3
LIFESTYLE COMPETITIONS TRANSPORT

UNIT 4 UNIT 5 UNIT 6

CHALLENGES THE ENVIRONMENT STAGES IN LIFE

UNIT 7 UNIT 8 UNIT 9

WORK TECHNOLOGY HOLIDAYS

UNIT 10 UNIT 11 UNIT 12

PRODUCTS HISTORY NATURE

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

8 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 1 Lifestyle

Bukhansan National Park, Seoul, South Korea

F E AT U R E S 1 Describe the place in the photo. How do you think the

person feels?
10 How well do you
2 1 Listen to a description of the place in the photo.
sleep? Answer the questions.
Complete a questionnaire 1 Where is Bukhansan National Park?
about sleep 2 How many people visit it every year?
3 Why do they go there?
12 The secrets of a
long life 3 Work in pairs. Look at the activities in the box. Which activities
do you often do? When do you do them? Tell your partner.
How can you live to be
one hundred? cycle through the countryside   ​do sport and exercise   
​chat on social media   ​
cook a meal   ​go clubbing   ​
14 Nature is good go for long walks   ​go jogging   ​play computer games   ​
for you play a musical instrument   ​
read books   watch videos
Nature and health
I often go for long walks in the evening.
18 My local park
A video about everyday life
in an English park

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE
MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER
my life For teaching purposes only. Not forILLNESS   
sale. 9
FILLING IN A FORM
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary everyday routines • reading the secrets of sleep •
grammar present simple and adverbs of frequency • pronunciation /s /, /z / or /ɪz / • speaking your habits

1a How well do you sleep?

Vocabulary everyday routines 3 Turn to page 153 and find out what your answers
say about your lifestyle.
1 Work in pairs. Match the two parts of the
expressions for everyday routines. Then describe
your typical day using some of the expressions.
Grammar present simple and
I often get home late from work …
adverbs of frequency
1 get a asleep 4 Look at these sentences from the questionnaire.
2 do b early Match the sentences (1–2) with their uses (a–b).
3 feel c hours 1 I work long hours and get home late.
4 fall d break 2 The average human needs around eight hours
5 take a e TV of sleep per night.
6 watch f exercise
7 work long g home late a to talk about things that are always true
8 wake up h tired b to talk about habits and routines
9 get up about i until midnight
10 stay up j eight PRESENT SIMPLE
I/you/we/they sleep he/she/it sleeps
Reading I/you/we/they don’t sleep he/she/it doesn’t sleep
Do I/you/we/they sleep … ? Does he/she/it sleep … ?
2 Read the questionnaire about sleep habits and
lifestyle. Answer the questions. Then work in For further information and practice, see page 156.
pairs and compare your answers.
2

How well
do you
sleep?

1 Do you often feel tired? 4 At the weekend, I:

A No, I never feel tired during the day. A usually sleep the same amount as any other day.
B I sometimes feel tired after a long day at work. B sometimes sleep for an extra hour or two.
C All the time! I’m always ready for bed. C always sleep until midday! I never get up early.

2 How many hours do you usually sleep 5 How often do you wake up in the middle of the night?
at night? A I never wake up before morning.
A Between seven and eight hours. B I rarely wake up more than once, and I usually fall asleep
B More than nine. I rarely stay up late. again quite quickly.
C Fewer than six. C Two or three times a night.

3 Before I go to bed, I often: 6 Are you often tired during the day?
A watch TV or read a book. A No, I’m never tired at work.
B do some exercise. B Sometimes, so I take a nap after lunch. After that I’m ready
C do some work. for work again.
C Always! That’s because I work long hours and get home late.

ILA Vietnam Ltd

takeCo
a nap /teɪk ə nap/ have a short sleep during the day
10 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 1 Lifestyle

5 Look at the grammar box. Complete the article about ADVERBS and EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY
sleep with the present simple form of the verbs.
She’s usually late for work.
I often wake up at seven.
The secrets of sleep Do you often wake up in the night?
Why 1 do we sleep (we / sleep)? She wakes up two or three times a night.
From birth, we 2 (spend) a third of Every month I visit my grandparents.
our lives asleep, but scientists still 3 For further information and practice, see page 156.
(not / know) exactly why.
Why 4 (we / have) problems sleeping?
9 Look at the grammar box. Notice the position
In modern society, many adults 5
of the adverbs and expressions of frequency in
(not / get) the seven or eight hours sleep they need
the sentences. Then choose the correct options to
every night. We 6 (work) long hours
complete the rules (1–2).
and we rarely 7 (go) to bed at sunset.
Why 8 (we / sleep) differently? 1 An adverb of frequency goes after / before the
It 9 (depend) on the time of year and verb to be, but it normally goes after / before the
also our age. Teenagers usually 10 main verb.
(need) more sleep than adults. Lots of elderly 2 An expression of frequency (e.g. twice a week)
people 11 (not / sleep) longer usually goes at the beginning / in the middle or at
than four or five hours at night, but they often the end of a sentence.
12
(take) naps during the day.
10 Put the adverb or expression in brackets in the
correct place in the sentence. Sometimes there is
more than one correct answer.
6 Pronunciation /s/, /z/ or /ɪz/
always
a 3 Listen to the endings of these verbs. 1 My brother plays tennis on Saturday
Is the sound /s/, /z/ or /ɪz/? mornings. (always)
2 We eat out at a restaurant. (about once a
1 feels /z/ 5 goes month)
2 needs 6 dances 3 I take a bus to school. (every day)
3 watches 7 does 4 She is at home in the middle of the day. (rarely)
4 sleeps 8 works 5 They go on holiday. (twice a year)
b 3 Listen again and repeat the verbs. 6 Are you late for work? (often)
Think about how you say the endings.

7 Discuss the questions.

Speaking my life

1 What time do you and your friends normally 11 Work in pairs. Find out about your partner’s
get up? How late do you stay up? habits. Ask questions with How often …? and these
2 Does anyone in your family ever take a nap ideas. Answer using an adverb or expression of
in the afternoon? frequency.
3 How does this change during the year? A: How often do you eat out?
Do people sleep longer in the summer or in B: About once a month.
the winter?
be late for work/college   ​take public transport   ​
8 Look at the list. Then underline the adverbs of eat out in restaurants   ​
frequency in the questionnaire and write the check your phone for messages   
adverbs in the list. ​play board games   ​go on holiday   
​check your emails   ​be stressed at work
100% always
usually 12 Work in groups. Prepare a questionnaire about
1 lifestyle for another group. Start each question
2
with How often …? Are you often …? or
Do you often …? and offer three choices of
not often answer (A, B or C).
rarely 13 Work with another group and ask your questions
0%
3 from Exercise 12. Tell the class about the other
group’s answers.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE
MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS 11
my life FILLING IN A FORM
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading the island of Okinawa • wordbuilding collocations with do, play and go • listening in search of a long life •
grammar present simple and present continuous • speaking your current life

1b The secrets of a long life

Reading 3 Look at the wordbuilding box. Read the article
again and find the collocations with do, play and
1 Who is the oldest person you know? How old is he go. Complete the table.
or she? How healthy is their lifestyle?
Do Go Play
My grandfather is the oldest person I know. He’s 83 and fishing
still plays golf.

2 Work in pairs. Read the article The Secrets of a Long

Life. Answer the questions.
1 Where is Okinawa Island?
2 Why is Okinawa famous?
3 What kind of food do the people eat?
4 Which of their activities do you do? 4 Add these activities to the table in Exercise 3. Use
I don’t go fishing but I do gardening. a dictionary if necessary. Then think of one more
activity for each verb.
Wordbuilding collocations with cards   ​hiking   ​homework   ​nothing   ​
do, play and go running   ​shopping   ​tennis   ​the piano   ​yoga   ​
football   ​karate   ​surfing
WORDBUILDING collocations with do, play and go
We use certain nouns with certain verbs. These are called 5 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about people you
collocations. know using the collocations in the table.
go fishing NOT do fishing or play fishing
My brother does karate. He’s a black belt.
For further practice, see Workbook page 11.

4
The Secrets of a

Long Life
The island of Okinawa in Japan has some of the oldest
people in the world. It’s famous for its high number
of centenarians – men and women who live beyond
one hundred years of age. Some of the reasons for their
good health are that they:

• go fishing and eat what they catch.

• do a lot of gardening and grow their own fruit and
vegetables.
• go cycling and never drive when they can walk.
• often spend time with friends. They meet at people’s
houses and play games.
• rarely buy food from a supermarket.
• do regular exercise, go swimming and lead active lives.

An 89-year-old woman from Okinawa picks

seaweed. It’s part of her everyday food.
Photo by David McLain

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

12 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 1 Lifestyle

Listening PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I’m speaking
6 5 Listen to a radio interview with
you/we/they’re speaking
photographer David McLain. Tick the topics the
he/she/it’s speaking
speakers talk about.
I’m not travelling
1 the age of men and women you/we/they aren’t travelling
2 family life he/she/it isn’t travelling
3 sleep Am I working?
4 food Are you/we/they working?
5 exercise Is he/she/it working?

7 5 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) For further information and practice, see page 156.
or false (F)?
1 David McLain is travelling to different
12 Complete the sentences with the present simple or
present continuous form of these verbs.
countries.
2 He’s talking to the radio presenter in the check   ​not / do   ​not / eat   ​go   ​
learn   ​play   ​
studio. read   ​spend
3 In Sardinia, men don’t live the same number of
years as women. 1 We ’re learning a new language at the
4 Sardinian families often eat together. moment.
5 David says life in Sardinia is less stressful than 2 My friends and I often time at
in other places. each other’s houses.
6 Younger people are eating more unhealthy 3 Can you wait a moment? I my
food and they aren’t doing much exercise. emails.
8 Think about the lifestyle of people in your country. 4 How often you to
Is it similar to the lifestyle in Sardinia? How the gym?
traditional is your country? Tell the class. 5 I a really interesting book at the
moment.
6 Currently, a friend of mine any
Grammar present simple and sweets and he says he feels healthier.
present continuous 7 I’m nearly eighty, but I any
exercise!
9 Look at the sentences from the interview. Which 8 More old people computer games
two sentences use the present simple? Why? these days. It isn’t just the young people.
1 Well, one man is trying to answer these
questions and that man is photographer Speaking my life
David McLain.
2 He’s speaking to us right now on the phone. 13 Write pairs of questions. Use the present simple
3 Men live to the same age as women. in one question, and the present continuous in
4 Every Sunday the whole family eats a big the other.
meal together. 1 a How / usually spend your free time?
5 Also, young people are moving to the city these How do you usually spend your free time?
days, so they are doing less exercise because of b / you / do / much sport these days?
their lifestyle. Are you doing much sport these days?
2 a / often / read novels?
10 The three other sentences in Exercise 9 use b / read / any good books at the moment?
the present continuous. How do you form the 3 a Where / normally go on holiday?
present continuous? b Where / plan to go this year?
11 We use the present continuous to talk about 4 a / speak / any other languages?
something happening now or around now. b / learn / any new languages?
Match the three present continuous sentences 14 Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions
in Exercise 9 with the specific uses (a–c). from Exercise 13.
a to talk about a changing situation
b to talk about something happening around
now, but not necessarily at this exact moment
c to talk about something actually in progress
now

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE
MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS 13
my life FILLING IN A FORM
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading nature and health • word focus feel • critical thinking giving examples • speaking making lives healthier

1c Nature is good for you

Reading Critical thinking giving
1 Look at the photo. Where is the woman? What examples
can she see?
7 When writers give an opinion in an article, they
2 Read the article. Match the topics (a–c) with often support the idea with examples. Look at
the paragraphs in the article (1–3). these sentences from paragraph 1. Which sentence
has the main idea? Which sentences
a how much time we spend outdoors give examples?
b making nature part of city life
c studies by doctors a For example, the number of visitors to
Canada’s national parks is getting lower
3 Read the article again. Answer the questions. every year.
1 What do most people think about nature? b Humans are spending more time inside and
2 What is the main change in how people spend less time outside.
their time? c And in countries such as the USA, only 10%
3 What is happening at national parks in of teenagers spend time outside every day.
Canada? 8 Read paragraphs 2 and 3 of the article. Find the
4 After the maths test, where did some people sentence with the main idea and sentences with
look at nature? examples. Underline the words and phrases for
5 In Toronto, where did healthier people live? giving examples.
6 What are they going to build in Dubai?
7 Where can children study in Switzerland? For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s
8 In South Korea, how many people visit the national parks is getting lower every year.
new forests every year?
9 Complete these sentences in your own words.
Use examples from your own life. Then tell your
Word focus feel partner.
4 Underline three phrases with feel in the first 1 I relax in my free time in different ways. For
paragraph of the article. Match the phrases to example, …
the uses (1–3). 2 My home town has some places with trees and
nature, such as …
1 to talk about your emotions or health 3 There are some beautiful national parks in my
2 to talk about wanting to do something country. A good example is …
3 to talk about an opinion

5 Complete the questions with these words. Speaking my life

better   ​like   ​that 10 Work in groups of four. Imagine your town has

some money to make people’s lives healthier. Look
1 What do you usually feel doing at the ideas below and think of one more.
after a day at work?
• one hundred new trees in the town
2 Do you feel nature is good for us?
• a 400-metre running track in the park
Why? / Why not?
• a new park with a children’s play area
3 After a difficult day, what makes you feel
• two cycle paths across the town
in the evening?
• a bridge across the river with a garden
6 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the 11 Discuss the ideas in your group and choose the
questions from Exercise 5.
best idea. Give reasons and examples.
A: What do you usually feel like doing after a day at
I think cycle paths are a good idea because cycling is
work?
good for your health and good for the environment.
B: Going for a run in my local park and then eating
dinner. Sometimes I go out and meet friends. 12 Present your idea to the class. Then compare your
ideas. Try to agree on the best idea.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

14 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 1 Lifestyle

NATURE
is good for you

6
How do you feel about nature? After spending hours The virtual contact with nature helped them feel more
indoors, do you often feel like going outside for a relaxed. Another good example of how nature is good
walk? Or if you work for hours at your office desk, do for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers
you feel better when you take a break and visit your studied 31,000 people living in cities. Overall, they 25

5 local park? Most people think that nature is good for found that healthier people lived near parks.
us; it’s good for our bodies and good for our brains.
Because of studies like these, some countries and cities
However, humans are spending more time inside and
want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In
less time outside. For example, the number of visitors
Dubai, for example, there are plans for a new shopping
to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every
mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside 30
10 year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of
with trees, plants and water. In some countries such as
teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors
Switzerland, ‘forest schools’ are popular; schoolchildren
feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century,
study their subjects in the forests and do lots of
and that it is making our physical health worse.
exercise outside. And South Korea is another good
As a result, some doctors are studying the connection example: it has new forests near its cities and around 35

15 between nature and health: one example of this is 13 million people visit these forests every year. So after
the work of Dr Matilda van den Bosch in Sweden. building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start
The doctor gave people a maths test. During the test, rebuilding nature.
their heart rate was faster. After the test, one group
of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality room for fifteen
20 minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart heart rate: the speed of the human heart (number of heart
beats per minute)
rates were slower than people’s in the other group.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR HABITS MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER
YOUR CURRENT LIFE ILLNESS 15
my life FILLING IN A FORM
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary medical problems • pronunciation one or two syllables? • real life talking about illness

1d At the doctor’s
Vocabulary medical problems Real life talking about illness
1 Look at the pictures. Match the people (1–8) with 4 8 Listen to two conversations, one at a
the medical problems (a–h). pharmacy and one at a doctor’s. What medical
problems does each person have?

1 3 5 8 Listen again and write the number of the

conversation (1–2) next to the medical advice.
2
a Take this medicine twice a day. 1
b Go to bed.
c Drink hot water with honey and lemon.
d Take one pill twice a day.
e Buy cough sweets.

6 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–9) with

4
5 the endings (a–i). Use the expressions for talking
about illness to help you.
1 Have you got a a this medicine.
6 2 You should take b buy some cough
3 It’s good for sweets?
4 Try drinking c earache.
5 Why don’t you d then come back and
6 I’ve got see me again.
7 Do you feel e a sore throat.
7 8 You need f hot water with
8 9 If you still feel ill, honey and lemon.
g temperature?
h sick at all?
i to take one of these
pills.
a I’ve got a headache.
b I’ve got backache. TALKING ABOUT ILLNESS
c I’ve got a runny nose.
Asking and talking about illness
d I’ve got earache. I don’t feel very well.
e I’ve got stomach ache. I feel sick/ill. / Do you feel sick/ill?
f I’ve got a temperature. Have you got a temperature?
g I’ve got a sore throat. How do you feel?
h I’ve got a bad cough. Giving advice
You need to / You should take this medicine.
2 What do you do when you have the problems in Why don’t you buy some cough sweets?
Exercise 1? Choose the best option (1–3) for each It’s good for stomach ache.
problem. Work in pairs and compare your ideas. Try drinking hot tea.
1 I go to bed. If you still feel ill, then come back and see me again.
2 I take medicine or pills.
3 I go to the pharmacy or see my doctor. 7 Work in pairs.

3 Pronunciation one or two syllables? Student A: You have a medical problem. Choose
one of the problems from Exercise 1 and tell
a 7 Listen to these words. Which words have one Student B what your problem is.
syllable? Which words have two? Underline the
stressed syllable in the two-syllable words. Student B: You are a pharmacist. Ask how Student
A feels and give advice.
ache   ​headache   ​ear   ​earache   ​stomach   ​
Then change roles and have a new conversation.
throat   ​cough

b 7 Listen again and repeat.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

16 YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE
MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER ILLNESS
my life For teaching purposes
FILLING IN A FORM
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Writing filling in a form • Writing skill information on forms Unit 1 Lifestyle

1e Personal information
Writing filling in a form 3 Writing skill information on
forms
1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
a Match the questions (1–7) with the
• What kinds of forms do you sometimes fill in? headings on the forms in Exercise 2
• Think of a form you filled in. What information did you write? where you write the information.
2 Look at these forms. What is each form for? 1 Are you married, single or
divorced? marital status
A
2 Do you take any pills or
Title Current occupation
medicine?
First name 3 How many children do you
Middle initial have?
4 What country were you born in?
Surname
5 What city/town were you born
Address Do you smoke?
in?
Postcode Yes    No 6 Who can we call in your family
Gender Current medications if you need help?
7 What is the first letter of your
DOB middle name?
No. of dependents
b Look at the forms again. Answer
Country of origin these questions. Then check your
First language answers on page 155.

Details of past surgery or operations 1 How many abbreviations can

you find in the forms? What do
they mean?
DOB = Date of birth
2 Under the heading Title on
forms, we use the abbreviations
Mr, Mrs, Ms and Dr. What do
they mean?
B 3 Which form doesn’t want you
to write in lower-case letters?
P L E A S E U S E C A P I TA L L E T T E R S
4 Work in pairs. Design a form for
new students at a language school.
PASSPORT NO. PLACE OF BIRTH
• List all the information you
need about the students.
NATIONALITY MARITAL STATUS • Then prepare the form.

5 Exchange your form with another

QUALIFICATIONS (DEGREE, ETC.) pair. Use these questions to check
their form.
Have you visited this country before? (If yes, give details) • Is their form easy to fill in?
• Do you know what to write in
each part?
• Would you change anything on
Contact details of person in case of emergency (e.g. spouse, next of kin) the form?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR HABITS YOUR CURRENT LIFE
MAKING LIVES HEALTHIER
my life For teaching purposes only. Not forILLNESS
sale. 17
FILLING IN A FORM
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 1f My local park

Park Güell, in Barcelona, is famous for its art and

a great place to meet friends.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

18 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 1 Lifestyle

Before you watch Student A Student B

1 Look at the photo and read the caption. When do you come to Why do you like coming to
Where is your nearest park? Why do the park? the park?
people like going there?
We come to the park There are a lot of
very . for Jasmine
2 Key vocabulary Every to play with. There are
Read the sentences. The words and after lunchtime, around beautiful
phrases in bold are used in the video. p.m. everywhere.
Match the words to the definitions (a–f). I come to the park I like this part of the park
1 I like coming to the park no matter . On sunny actually. It’s
what the weather is like. days I come here in my up and there’s this
2 Parents push their young children lunch . beautiful .
in prams.
3 There’s a great view from the top of When we were a It’s nicer than the
the hill. young family and had way. It’s a
4 We often come to the park when , we used park and we
we’re in the area. to come here, so it has like to see the different
5 There’s a nice walkway round the memories. .
park.
I go through the park I like in this
6 In the spring, there are beautiful
and park.
flowers on the ground and blossom
I spend
on the trees.
time with my friends.
a a region or part of a town
b it has four wheels and you move I come to the park I like to
babies or small children in it . I come jogging and I like to do
c flowers that grow on trees here about here. The
d it isn’t important and it doesn’t a week. park is quiet and there are
change my decision lots of and
e what you can see around you trees.
f another word for a path or small
road only for people I try and come to the There are always wild
park . and blossom
on the trees. It’s lovely to
While you watch .
3 1.1 Watch the video and number
a–g in the order you see them.
5 1.1 Share your notes with your partner and complete the
a A man is cycling.
other column. Then watch the video again and check all your
b A woman is walking with her dog.
answers.
c A student is jogging.
d There’s a large house near the park.
e Two people are walking down a path. After you watch
f A student is doing pull-ups.
g A tractor is cutting the grass. 6 Work in pairs. Cover the notes in the table and look at the
faces of the different people.
4 1.1 Work in pairs. Look at the
table and watch the video again. Student A: Choose one person in the video but don’t tell
Student B. Listen to Student B’s questions and give the
Student A: Complete the notes in answers from the video.
column 1.
Student B: Ask the two questions from the video: When do
Student B: Complete the notes in you come to the park? How often do you come? Listen to
column 2. Student A’s answer. Which person from the video is Student A?

7 Change roles and repeat the activity.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 19

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar 5 Which words can follow the verb in CAPITAL
letters? Cross out the incorrect word.
1 Choose the correct options to complete the text about a
1 DO exercise, housework, relaxing, yoga
man called Nazroo.
2 GO asleep, clubbing, jogging, home
3 PLAY golf, swimming, games, tennis
4 FEEL tired, happy, ache, sick

6 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Write five sentences

using verbs from Exercises 4 and 5, but miss
out the verb.
We often yoga when we wake up.

Then work with another pair. Take turns to

read your sentences and guess the missing
word.
Every day, Nazroo 1 works / is working with elephants.
In this photo, 2 he takes / he’s taking his favourite I CAN
elephant, Rajan, for a swim. 3 They swim / They’re describe daily routines
swimming in the sea around the Andaman Island. talk about freetime activities
Sometimes they 4 like / are liking to relax this way after
a hard day. Rajan 5 doesn’t seem / isn’t seeming worried
about being under the water. I suppose 6 it feels / it is Real life
feeling good after a long, hot day at work.
7 Choose the correct option to complete the
conversation between two friends.
2 Write the expression in brackets in the correct place in A: 1 How do / Do you feel?
the sentence. In three sentences, there is more than one
B: Not very 2 well / ill. I’ve got a 3 pain / sore
correct position.
throat.
1 I play computer and video games. (rarely) A: 4 Do you feel / Have you got a temperature?
2 We’re studying Spanish. (at the moment) B: I don’t know. I feel a bit hot.
3 My family does sport. (every weekend) A: 5 Try / You need drinking some honey and
4 All my friends are working. (these days) lemon in hot water.
B: Good idea.
3 ❯❯ MB Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 2 so they are A: But you 6 should / it’s a good idea also see
true for you. your doctor.
I CAN 8 ❯❯ MB Look at the pictures and answer the
use the present simple and present continuous questions.
use adverbs and expressions of frequency
1 2 3

Vocabulary
4 Match the verbs in A with the words in B. Then
complete the sentences with the expressions.

A   ​
fall   ​take   ​work   ​watch   ​get up

B   ​long hours   ​asleep   ​a break   ​late   ​TV 1 What medical problems do the people

have?
1 I can’t because of all the 2 What advice can you give them? e.g. You
noise outside my bedroom. should go to bed.
2 At work, we always at 11
I CAN
and have a coffee.
3 We all these days talk about medical problems and illness
because there is a lot to do. give advice
4 Sometimes I and I miss
my bus to school.
5 How much do you in the
evenings?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

20 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 2 Competitions
Athletes at Cozumel, Mexico, compete for a
place in the Ironman championship.

F E AT U R E S 1 Look at the photo. What sport is it? Do you like this kind
of sport?
22 Crazy competitions
2 9 Listen to someone talking about the photo. Answer
Making rules for new the questions.
competitions
1 How many races are there in the Ironman competition?
24 Winning and losing 2 How many kilometres do the competitors swim and cycle?
3 How many people compete?
Is competition important
in sport? 3 Look at these words from the same family. Which word is:
1 a verb?
26 Bolivian wrestlers
2 an adjective?
Women competing in a 3 a noun (thing)?
national sport 4 a noun (person)?

30 Mongolian horse competitor   ​competitive   ​competition   ​compete

racing
A video about horse racing 4 Complete the questions with the words from Exercise 3. Then
at a Mongolian festival ask and answer the questions with a partner.
1 In sport, are you normally a or a spectator?
2 Do you ever in sports?
3 What types of do you like?
4 Are you a person? Why? / Why not?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

RULES FOR A COMPETITION
OPINIONS ABOUT SPORT
my life For teaching purposes only.OLYMPIC
Not forSPORTS
sale. INTERESTS    21
AN ADVERT OR NOTICE
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading crazy competitions • vocabulary sport • grammar verbs for rules • speaking rules for a competition

2a Crazy competitions!
Reading Vocabulary sport
1 Look at the title of the article and the two 5 Look at the highlighted words in the article.
photos. Why do you think the competitions Use the words to complete the sentences below.
are ‘crazy’?
1 Runners at the Olympic Games get a gold medal
2 Read the article. Which competition is a race when they win a .
between different teams? Which is a match 2 In football, there are eleven on each
between two teams? side.
3 At the beginning of the championship there are
3 Read the article again and match the sentences 24 . In the final, there can only be two.
(1–6) with the competitions (A–B). One 4 A rugby lasts eighty minutes.
sentence is true for both competitions. 5 How many did you score?
6 The ball didn’t cross the , so it wasn’t
1 Competitors start and end at the same
a goal.
place. A
7 The received a gold medal.
2 The rules are the same as another real
sport. 6 Work in pairs. Answer these questions.
3 The competition is once a year.
4 You use a type of transport. 1 How many different kinds of race can you think of?
5 It’s for teams. 2 How many players are there in your favourite team
6 There is a time limit. sports?
3 What are the names of the sports teams in your
4 Which of the two sports would you like town or city?
to play or watch? Do you have any crazy 4 In what games do you score goals and in what
competitions in your country? games do you score points?
10

CRAZY A The Idiotarod

The Idiotarod is an annual race in twenty different US cities. Each team must

COMPETITIONS! have five people and a shopping cart. One person usually rides in the cart and
four people pull it. Teams can decorate the shopping cart but they can’t change
There are lots of competitions the wheels. All the teams have to start and finish at the same place but they don’t
in the USA and some of them have to run on the same roads. The members of each team must cross the finish
are a bit crazy! line together and they mustn’t finish without the cart!

B The Mud Bowl

Championship
Mud Bowl football is similar to
normal American football, so
players can pick up the ball and
run with it. There are also two
teams, but the match is shorter.
The winner is the team with the
most goals at the end of sixty
minutes. The really big difference
is that the players have to play in
a field with half a metre of mud!

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

22 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 2 Competitions

Grammar verbs for rules 9 Complete the description of another competition

with these verbs. Use each verb once only.
VERBS FOR RULES
must   ​have to   ​don’t have to   ​can’t   ​can
Each team must have five people and a shopping cart.
They can’t change the wheels.
All the teams have to start and finish at the same place.
They don’t have to run on the same roads.
They mustn’t finish without the cart!
Players can pick up the ball and run with it.

For further information and practice, see page 158.

7 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Complete

the explanations (a–d) with the verbs in bold in the
grammar box.
a We use or when the
rules say it’s obligatory.
b We use when it’s allowed in the
rules.
c We use when something is not
obligatory but is allowed by the rules.
d We use or when it
isn’t allowed in the rules.

8 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences

about different sports.
1 In golf, you have to / don’t have to hit the ball into
nine or eighteen holes.
2 Competitors can / mustn’t argue with the referee.
3 In football, a goalkeeper is the only player
who can / has to pick up the ball.
4 Players can’t / must throw the ball backwards Every year, over three hundred competitors enter the
in rugby. Beard and Moustache competition in Alaska. The rules
5 A referee can / mustn’t send a player off the pitch are simple. You 1 must be over eighteen years
when he breaks the rules of the game. old and you 2 have a moustache or a
6 In table tennis, the ball has to / can’t hit the table. beard, or both. Also, you 3 put on false
7 In tennis, the players must / don’t have to win hair! In total, there are eighteen different categories,
every point to win a match. but competitors 4 only enter one
category. There are categories for short beards and
different moustaches, so you 5 have the
longest moustache or the biggest beard to win a prize.

Speaking my life

10 Work in pairs. You are going to explain the rules

for a sport or competition. Choose one of the
following. Make a list of six to seven rules.
• a popular sport in your country
• a popular TV quiz show or TV competition
• an annual national or international competition
Baseball is a popular sport in my country. You have to
play with two teams, a ball and a bat.

11 Work with another pair. Take turns to explain your

rules. Ask questions if you don’t understand.
Do I have to be over 18?
Can I enter the competition on my own or do I have to
be in a team?
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
RULES FOR A COMPETITION
OPINIONS ABOUT SPORT
my life For teaching purposes only. OLYMPIC
Not forSPORTS
sale. INTERESTS    23
AN ADVERT OR NOTICE
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 wordbuilding suffixes • listening competitive sports • grammar -ing form • pronunciation /ŋ/ •
speaking opinions about sport

2b Winning and losing

Wordbuilding suffixes Listening
1 Are any of the sportspeople in the photos 4 Read the quotes with the photos. Do you think winning
famous in your country? Match the people with is always important in sport? Why? / Why not?
these words.
5 11 Listen to three people talking about
tennis player   ​runner   ​footballer   ​athlete competitive sports in schools. Match the speakers
(1–3) with the opinions (a–c).

WORDBUILDING suffixes a Speaker thinks non-competitive sport is a

good idea.
You can add -er to some sports to describe the
b Speaker thinks competitive sport is a good
sportsperson: football ➙ footballer, golf ➙ golfer
idea in schools.
You can add player to some sports:
c Speaker thinks sport in schools is a good
tennis ➙ tennis player, squash ➙ squash player
Some sports don’t use the suffix -er or -player:
idea but there can be a problem.
athletics ➙ athlete, cycle ➙ cyclist 6 Look at these opinions for and against competitive
For further practice, see Workbook page 19. sports in schools. Which are the opinions for (F) and
which are the opinions against (A)?
2 Look at the wordbuilding box. What is the word 1 Winning and losing teaches students about life. F
for a person who: 2 A lot of schools with good results don’t have
competitive sports. A
1 boxes? boxer 5 plays chess?
3 Children get more exercise when they try to win.
2 motorcycles? 6 drives a racing car?
4 Winning isn’t important as long as you do
3 plays baseball? 7 does gymnastics?
your best.
4 swims? 8 goes surfing?
5 Children learn to work well in teams when they
3 Who are the most famous sportspeople in your play in matches.
country? What type of sportspeople are they? 6 Students learn to work hard with competitive
(e.g. a footballer, an athlete) sports.
7 Some parents don’t like losing and get angry with
Lionel Messi is very famous in my country. He’s their children.
a footballer. 8 All children are different and some aren’t good
at sport.
9 Competitive sports are fun.

‘I don’t like losing.’ Usain Bolt ‘I’m very competitive.’ ‘You can’t win all the time.’
Jessica Ennis-Hill Lionel Messi

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

24 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 2 Competitions

7 11 Listen again. Which opinion from 10 Put the words in order to make quotes by famous
Exercise 6 does each speaker (1–3) give? sportspeople. Then match the -ing forms with the uses
1 (a–c) in Exercise 9.
Speaker 1
Speaker 2 1 never / thought / losing / of / I
Speaker 3 (Muhammed Ali, boxer)
2 love / I just / winning)
8 Work in groups. Discuss the opinions in (Ayrton Senna, racing driver)
Exercise 6. Answer these questions. 3 A champion / afraid / losing / isn’t / of
1 Which opinions do you agree with? (Billie Jean King, tennis player)
2 Which do you disagree with? 4 hate / I / losing
3 Are there any other reasons for or (Sachin Tendulkar, cricketer)
against competitive sports in schools? 5 I’m / more worried about / a good person / being /
than being the best football player
(Lionel Messi, footballer)
Grammar -ing form 6 isn’t / swimming / winning is / everything,
(Mark Spitz, swimmer)
-ING FORM
1 Learning to win and lose is important in a 11 12 Choose the correct options to complete this
child’s education. conversation. Then listen and check.
2 Competitive sports in schools are good for
teaching children. A: What’s on TV?
3 Some parents hate losing. B: 1 Cycle / Cycling from France. It’s the Tour de France.
I love 2 watch / watching it.
For further information and practice, see page 158. A: Oh no! I 3 think / thinking it’s boring!
B: I really enjoy 4 see / seeing them on the mountains.
9 Look at the grammar box. Underline the A: 5 Sit / Sitting in front of the TV all day is not exciting.
verbs in the -ing form. Then match them I’m bored with 6 do / doing nothing. Are you any good at
with the uses of the -ing form (a–c). tennis? We could 7 play / playing this afternoon.
B: But I want to 8 watch / watching this.
a It is the subject of the sentence.
A: I see. Are you afraid of 9 lose / losing?
b It comes after a verb, e.g. like, dislike.
c It comes after a preposition, e.g. of.
12 Pronunciation /ŋ/
a 13 Listen to six words. Tick the word you hear.
‘I want to be number one. But being 1 a thin b think c thing
happy and healthy is the most 2 a win b wink c wing
important thing.’ Venus Williams 3 a ban b bank c bang
4 a sin b sink c sing
5 a ran b rank c rang
6 a pin b pink c ping

b 12 Listen again to the conversation from Exercise 11.

Notice the pronunciation of the -ing forms.

c Work in pairs. Practise the conversation.

Speaking my life

13 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out what sports or

leisure activities your partner likes. Then complete the
sentences.
A: What sports do you love watching?
B: Tennis. What about you?
1 I love watching but my partner doesn’t.
2 I think is boring but my partner loves it!
3 We both enjoy but we hate .
4 I’m good at but my partner isn’t.
5 My partner likes but I prefer
.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

OPINIONS ABOUT SPORT
RULES FOR A COMPETITION
my life For teaching purposes only. OLYMPIC
Not forSPORTS
sale. INTERESTS    25
AN ADVERT OR NOTICE
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading women in sport • critical thinking reading between the lines • word focus like • speaking Olympic sports

2c Bolivian wrestlers
Reading Word focus like
1 Discuss the questions. 6 Look at the word like in these sentences. Match
the sentences (1–4) with the uses (a–d).
1 Do many people watch boxing or wrestling in
your country? 1 Most people like football.
2 Why do some people dislike these types 2 Yolanda and Claudina are like famous
of sports? pop stars.
3 What do you think about these sports? 3 Would your daughters like to become
wrestlers one day?
2 Read the article about wrestling in Bolivia. Which 4 Esperanza likes watching the wrestling.
paragraph (1–5) describes:
a We use like + noun to talk about things
a the two wrestlers before the fight? 2 we enjoy.
b the popularity of male and female wrestling b We use like + -ing to talk about activities we
in Bolivia? enjoy doing.
c Yolanda’s family life? c We use be/look like to talk about similarities
d the reason why a fan watches it? between people/things/actions.
e the fight between the two wrestlers? d We use would like to + infinitive to talk about
future plans or ambitions.
3 Find words in the article for these definitions.
1 something people watch for pleasure 7 Match these questions with like (1–4) with the
e ntertainment answers (a–d).
2 the place where two wrestlers fight 1 What do you like doing at the weekend?
r 2 What kind of music do you like?
3 a large group of people c 3 Are you like anyone in your family?
4 the person who describes the action in a sport 4 Where would you like to go on holiday next?
c a I probably look like my mother.
5 get very excited, shout and jump up and down b Spain. Or Portugal maybe.
g c c Anything. Rock. Classical. I don’t mind.
6 people who like a sports person or famous d Going to the cinema.
celebrity f
7 the money you earn for work s 8 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask the questions
from Exercise 7 and give your own answers.
Critical thinking reading
between the lines Speaking my life

9 Work in groups. Can you say ten sports in the

4 An article doesn’t always tell us about how Olympic Games?
the people feel, but we can often guess. Match
the people from the article (1–3) with the 10 These six sports are not in the Olympic Games.
sentences (a–c). Discuss the questions and give reasons for your
1 Yolanda answers. Try to agree.
2 one of Yolanda’s daughters
American football   ​baseball   ​chess   ​karate   ​
3 Esperanza
skateboarding   ​surfing
a ‘I don’t like the days when the wrestling
happens.’ 1 Which of the six sports do you think are the
b ‘I feel wonderful every time I go out there.’ most popular?
c ‘Life is very hard for people like me.’ 2 Which sports do people not like watching?
3 Which two activities would your group like
5 Discuss the questions. to have at the next Olympics?
1 How do you feel about the women wrestlers?
2 Would you like to see this sport? Why? /
Why not?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

26 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 2 Competitions

BOLIVIAN
WRESTLERS

14

I n Bolivia, football is the country’s national

sport but the country is also famous for
another sport – wrestling. Local people like
10 The city of El Alto is a good place to watch the wrestling.
Hundreds of spectators go to the fights in the evening. This
evening, the crowd is sitting round a huge wrestling ring
watching the wrestling and it’s very popular and they shout: ‘Bring them on! Bring them on!’ Suddenly,
5 with tourists. It’s an exciting mixture of sport, the commentator is speaking into a microphone: ‘Ladies and
drama and entertainment. When modern 15 Gentlemen. It’s time for Yolanda and Claudina!’ The crowd is
wrestling started in Bolivia in the 1950s, the screaming with excitement as two women in colourful clothes
competitors were all men, but nowadays enter the ring.
women are also competing in the ring. Yolanda and Claudina are like famous pop stars. They smile
and wave to their fans. The music stops and the referee starts
20 the fight. Claudina jumps on Yolanda. Then Yolanda throws
Claudina on the floor. As Claudina lies on the floor, Yolanda
smiles and waves to the crowd. Then, Claudina gets up and
pushes Yolanda onto the ground. One minute Yolanda is
winning. The next minute, Claudina is winning. The spectators
25 go crazy!

Away from the ring, many wrestlers are women with families.
At home Yolanda has a normal and quiet family life. She has
two daughters and she makes clothes for a living. Her father
was also a wrestler, so it’s a family tradition. In answer to the
30 question, ‘Would your daughters like to become wrestlers one
day?’ Yolanda says they wouldn’t. She answers: ‘My daughters
ask me why I do this. It’s dangerous and they complain that
wrestling doesn’t bring any money into the house.’ So why
does she do it?

35 Yolanda loves wrestling because of her fans, and she has lots
of them. One of her fans is called Esperanza Cancina. She pays
$1.50 (a large part of her salary) to sit near the ring. Esperanza
likes watching the wrestling because she says: ‘We laugh and
we forget our problems for three or four hours.’

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

my life
RULES FOR A COMPETITION
For teaching purposes only.OLYMPIC
OPINIONS ABOUT SPORT
Not forSPORTS
sale. INTERESTS    27
AN ADVERT OR NOTICE
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 speaking clubs and membership • real life talking about interests • pronunciation silent letters

2d Joining a group
Speaking 3 15 Two people are looking at the adverts in
their local newspaper. Listen to their conversation
1 Work as a class or in groups. Interview different and number the adverts in Exercise 2 in the order
people. Find someone who: they discuss them.
1 is a member of a team or club. 4 15 Listen again and complete the sentences.
2 has to go to regular meetings (e.g. every week).
3 pays to be a member. 1 You’re really doing that.
4 competes with their team or club. 2 Well, joining something else?
3 Are you acting?
4 I standing up in front of people.
Real life talking about interests 5 I’m good at singing.
2 Look at the adverts. Which information (1–4) is in 6 Go . I think you’d enjoy it.
each advert? Underline the information. 7 I think I’d join this on Wednesday
evenings.
1 when the club meets 8 It like fun. you
2 the membership fee come too?
3 reasons to join
4 how to contact the club 5 Match the sentences in Exercise 4 with the three
categories in the box.
A
Would you Join our running groups
like to for beginners and for more TALKING ABOUT INTERESTS
get fit experienced runners. Talking about interests and abilities
and It’s non-competitive and fun. Do you like taking photos?
I’m good at acting.
make 7 p.m. every Wednesday. I’m (not) interested in photography.
new Call Mike for details on Talking about plans
friends? 0776 58945. I’d like/prefer to join a running club.
I wouldn’t like to do it.
Recommending and encouraging
B It looks interesting.
Join us and WIN a new camera! Go on.
I think you’d enjoy it.
The Barton Photography Club welcomes You should do it with me.
new members. We are a busy club with
regular speakers. Join before 1st March and 6 Pronunciation silent letters
enter our summer photography competition.
First prize is a new XP8ii camera! The entry fee is 15 euros 16 Some letters in English words are not
(including membership). pronounced. Listen to these words from the
conversation and cross out the silent letters. Then
Visit www.bartonphotoclub.com to join. listen again and repeat.
1 interested
C 2 should
Theatre group 3 friends
4 write
Have fun with a local 5 half
theatre group. We are 6 what
looking for actors to
be in a musical comedy 7 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
this summer. You must
1 Would you like to join one of the clubs in
be available twice a
Exercise 2? Why? / Why not?
week starting 2nd April.
Enthusiasm is more
2 What other types of clubs would you like to
important than talent! join? Why would you like to join them?
Write to Mandy Giles on [email protected]

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

28 RULES FOR A COMPETITION
OPINIONS ABOUT SPORT OLYMPIC SPORTS INTERESTS    
my life For teaching
AN ADVERT OR NOTICE
purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing an advert or notice • writing skill checking your writing Unit 2 Competitions

2e Advertising for members

Writing an advert or notice 5 Writing skill checking your writing
1 What makes a good advert and a bad advert? a It is important to check your writing for mistakes
Think about adverts you like and don’t like before people read it. Read these sentences from
in magazines, on TV or online. adverts and find one mistake in each sentence.
Circle the mistake and write the correct symbol
2 Read the advice about how to write effective from the correction code.
adverts and notices. Then look at the adverts
on page 28. Answer these questions. 1 Would you like to learn a musical instrument.? P
1 Which advert follows most of the advice? 2 Enter our exciteing competition!
2 How could you improve the other adverts?
3 Are y u g d at play tennis?
4 We meet at Tuesdays and Thursdays.
How to WRITE EFFECTIVE ADVERTS 5 It’s fun way to get fit.
AND NOTICES
6 Join this club new!
• Start with a good headline. You could ask a
question or solve a problem. 7 Get healthy and play yoga.
• The advert should explain the reasons for 8 Call peter on 077 237 5980.
buying something or joining a club.
• If possible, offer something for free or a prize. Writing correction code
Sp = spelling mistake
• Include any other important information MW = missing word
(dates, times, location, etc.). P = punctuation mistake
• Photos, pictures or images always help. Prep = preposition mistake
Gr = grammar mistake
WO = word order mistake
3 Work in pairs. You are going to plan a new club. C = capital letter mistake
Discuss the questions. WW = wrong word

1 What type of club is it? (e.g. a chess club, a

tennis club, a walking group) b Read your advert from Exercise 4 again. Are there
2 Who is the club for? any mistakes?
3 Are there any rules for members?
4 Is there a membership fee? How much is it? 6 Display your adverts around the classroom. Walk
5 How often will it meet? around and read about each other’s new clubs.
Think about these questions.
4 Plan and write an advert for your club. • Which clubs would you like to join?
• Which adverts are effective? Why?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

RULES FOR A COMPETITION
OPINIONS ABOUT SPORT
my life For teaching purposes only.OLYMPIC
Not forSPORTS
sale. INTERESTS    29
AN ADVERT OR NOTICE
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 2f Mongolian horse racing

Children compete in a horserace at

the Naadam festival, Mongolia.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

30 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 2 Competitions

Before you watch 4 2.1 Watch the video again. Choose the correct
option (a–b).
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo of horse racing
1 The ‘Naadam’ is a type of .
in Mongolia. Answer the questions.
a festival
1 Do you have horse racing in your country? b horse race
2 How popular is it as a sport? 2 Mukhdalai and Namjin are who
compete against each other.
2 Key vocabulary a horse riders
b trainers
Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in 3 Mukhdalai and Namjin each other.
the video. Match the words and phrases with the a like
definitions (a–h). b don’t like
1 In the Olympic Games, the winners receive a 4 There are about horses competing in the
gold medal. race.
2 I got 100% in the exam so I feel very proud a twenty
of myself. b eighty
3 A religious man blesses all the people. 5 The starting point is at the of a hill.
4 The grass is very rich at this time of year. a top
5 My horse can run like the wind. b bottom
6 At the festival, there were displays by actors 6 is wearing green and white.
and performers. a Mukhdalai’s son
7 In the USA, a rodeo is very famous for its b Namjin’s son
cowboys and exciting to watch. 7 Mukhdalai’s horse is in first place for
8 In this competition, I have one main rival race.
who always tries to beat me. a the whole
b part of the
a asks a god (or gods) to protect something 8 Namjin’s horse was in .
b pleased because you’ve done something well a first place
c good to eat b its first race
d shows or presentations
e a round piece of metal given in competitions
f very quickly After you watch
g a competition where people try to stay on
wild horses 5 Vocabulary in context
h person who competes with you
a 2.2 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
While you watch
b Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions.
3 2.1 Watch the video and number these
1 What are some annual celebrations in your
actions in the order you see them.
country?
a Mukhdalai’s horse wins the race. 2 What famous races (e.g. Formula 1 racing) do
b A horse rider carries a flag 1 you watch? Who usually takes the lead and
c The riders leave the starting point. wins? Does the same competitor usually finish
d A religious woman blesses the horses. a long way ahead of the rest?
e Mukhdalai receives first prize. 3 Do you ever do any races such as running or
f A horse rider picks up poles. cycling? Can you keep up with the others?
g Two men wrestle. Or do you often slow down and fall back?
h Two men ride wild horses in the rodeo.
6 Work in pairs. Write five questions about the
Naadam festival in the video.
What is the Naadam festival famous for?

7 Work with a new partner. Take turns to ask

and answer your questions from Exercise 6 about
the Naadam festival.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 31

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 2 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Choose the correct options to complete the text 5 Write the missing vowels in these words
about an unusual competition. connected with sport. Race with your partner to
see who can finish first.
The first bed race was in Knaresborough, UK, in
1966. The rules are simple. Each team 1 can / has to 1 R C 6 B S B LL
race with one bed on wheels. There are six people in 2 G LS 7 W NN R
a team and one passenger. The team 2 must / doesn’t 3 CR WD 8 F NS
have to have either six men or six women, or you 4 M TCH 9 T M
3
can / can’t race with a team of three men and three 5 F N SH L N 10 B X R
women. The passenger 4 has to / doesn’t have to be an
adult but he or she 5 doesn’t have to / can’t be younger 6 Answer these questions with four of the words
than twelve years of age. The time limit for the race from Exercise 5.
is thirty minutes and you 6 mustn’t / have to take 1 What do you have to cross in a race?
longer. 2 What is the opposite of a loser?
3 What type of competition is Formula One?
2 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. What sports do these
4 What are the group of people who like a sports
people play? Say two rules for each sport.
person or team?

7 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Choose four more words

from Exercise 5 and write four questions. Then
work with another pair and ask and answer your
questions.

I CAN
talk about sport and sports people

Real life
8 Complete the conversation. Write one word in
each gap.

3 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of these A: Are you interested 1 painting?
verbs. There’s a new evening course at my college.
B: I’m afraid I’m not very good 2 art.
feel   ​go   ​learn   ​lose   ​watch   ​win A: I’m not either, but I’d like 3 learn.
Go 4 . You should do it with me.
1 to speak another language is very B: Sorry. What about doing something else?
useful. A: 5 you like taking photos? There’s
2 Sport is good for healthy. also a course for that.
3 Peter hates any type of game. B: Actually, that looks interesting.
4 Trying is more important than .
5 We’re bored of this match. 9 ❯❯ MB Complete these sentences in your own
6 I love to the cinema after work. words. Then tell your partner.
1 I’m good at …
4 ❯❯ MB Complete the sentences in your own
2 I wouldn’t like to …
words using -ing forms. Then tell your partner. 3 I’m also interested in …
1 is very good for you. 4 I think I’d enjoy learning …
2 I’m really interested in .
I CAN
3 I don’t like .
talk about my interests
I CAN
use verbs for rules (including modal verbs)
use the -ing form

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

32 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 3 Transport

Taking the train in Dhaka, Bangladesh

F E AT U R E S 1 Look at the photo. Where is the woman? Why do you think

she is travelling like this?
34 Transport solutions
2 17 Listen to someone talking about the photo. Why isn’t
Find out about some new the woman inside the train?
transport ideas
3 Work in pairs. Which ways of travelling would you prefer for
36 Transport around the activities (1–10)? Give your reasons.
the world
by bicycle   ​by bus   ​in my car   ​on a ferry   ​on foot   
Comparing different types ​by lorry   ​on a motorbike   ​by plane   ​on a ship   ​
of transport in a taxi   ​by train

38 The end of the road 1 visit relatives

How much longer can the I’d prefer to visit my relatives by bicycle or on foot because
rickshaw survive? they only live five minutes from my house.
2 move house and furniture
42 Indian Railways 3 get to the airport
4 go on holiday
A video about one of the
5 cross an ocean
world’s largest transport
6 get to the railway station
networks
7 go out in the evening to a party or restaurant
8 take children to school
9 commute to your place of work or study
10 go shopping

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

EVERYDAY JOURNEYS TRAVEL ADVICE
ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT GOING ON A JOURNEY 33
my life For teaching purposes
NOTES AND MESSAGES
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading transport solutions • vocabulary transport nouns • grammar comparatives and superlatives •
pronunciation than • speaking everyday journeys

3a Transport solutions
Reading Vocabulary transport nouns
1 Work in pairs. Answer the WORDBUILDING compound nouns
questions. We can join two nouns to make a new noun: bus + stop = bus stop,
1 How do you go to your place of air + port = airport
work or study? A compound noun can be two words (bus stop) or one word (airport).
2 Do you use public transport? For further practice, see Workbook page 27.
3 Are there often traffic problems?

2 Read the article about four solutions 4 Find these compound nouns in the article. Match the nouns with
to transport problems. Match the definitions (1–7).
the paragraphs (A–D) with the
photos (1–4). carbon emissions   ​city centres   ​container ships   ​fuel costs   ​
rush hour   ​speed limit   ​traffic jam
3 Look at the photos and read the
article again. Which types of 1 the maximum speed you can legally drive speed limit
transport (A–D) do you think the 2 a long line of vehicles moving slowly on the road
sentences describe? Some sentences 3 the time in the day when lots of people travel to/from work
describe more than one type. 4 the money you spend on petrol or diesel in transport
5 the amount of CO2 that a type of transport produces
1 It moves over people’s heads.
6 the middle of cities
B, D
7 transport for moving products around the world
2 It’s a faster way to commute.
3 It needs human energy. 5 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
4 It uses energy from the wind or
the sun. 1 Which of the four transport solutions in the article do you
5 It makes travel cheaper. think are a good idea?
6 It isn’t for long distances. 2 Which traffic problems will they solve in your area?

TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS
18

A BMW, Volvo, General Motors and Google are all currently

working on driverless cars. Some driverless cars use solar
energy, so they are good for the environment. They are
also safer because the computer controls the speed and
they can’t go faster than the speed limit.

B
2 3 This monorail in New Zealand is a new solution for
commuters in traffic jams during the rush hour. The
passenger sits in a pod and can cycle over people’s
heads. Google has already invested over $1 million in
the idea.

C At sea, large container ships travel thousands of

kilometres and use a lot of fuel. Now, a German company
is testing huge kites on these ships. The wind pushes the
kite and this moves the ship. It reduces the fuel costs
and lowers carbon emissions.
4
D In the future, the Hyperloop could be a common type
of public transport. It’s a long tube with no air inside,
and passengers sit inside pods which travel at 1,200
kilometres per hour. There are already plans for the first
Hyperloop between the city centres of San Francisco
and Los Angeles. The distance is around 600 kilometres
and it would only take 30 minutes.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
34 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 3 Transport

Grammar comparatives and 10 Complete this report about a transport survey.

Write the correct comparative or superlative form
superlatives of the adjectives.
6 19 Listen to a short conversation between
two colleagues at work. Which types of transport
Report on local transport
do they talk about? What advantages and For commuting and daytime travel in our town, the
disadvantages do they mention?
1
(popular) form of transport is
the bus because it’s 2 (cheap)
7 19 Listen again. Choose the correct option in than going by car or taxi. However, some people
these sentences. in the survey want 3 (good)
cycle paths because the bus is 4
1 Eight thirty is the bad / worst time for traffic.
(slow) than a bicycle in the rush hour.
2 My bicycle is faster / fastest than your car in the
Everyone said that parking in the town centre
rush hour!
is the 5 (big) problem, so
3 I travel far / further than you.
people don’t often use their cars. As a result, taxis
4 They’re better / best for the environment.
are 6 (popular) than private
5 They’re better but they’re also more / most
cars in the evenings, even though taxis are the
expensive. 7
(expensive) type of transport.
6 A new electric car is the more / most expensive
type of car.
7 The faster / fastest bus takes over an hour.
Speaking my life

COMPARATIVES and SUPERLATIVES 11 Work in pairs. Make comparative and superlative

Regular Comparative Superlative
sentences with these transport words and
adjectives adjectives. How many sentences can you make in
fast faster fastest three minutes?
big bigger biggest
expensive more expensive most expensive trains   ​cars   ​taxis   ​ fast   ​cheap   ​bad   ​
buses   ​planes   ​ slow   ​popular   ​
Irregular adjectives ships   ​bicycles   ​ expensive   ​safe   ​
far further furthest
motorbikes quick   ​good
good better best
bad worse worst
Trains are quicker than cars but planes are the fastest
For further information and practice, see page 160. type of transport.

12 Find out about your partner’s journey to work or

8 Look at the grammar box. Answer these questions. college. Ask these questions.
1 What letters do we add to short adjectives (fast, 1 How far do you travel to work or college?
cheap, etc.) to form comparative and superlative 2 How long does it take?
adjectives? 3 How much does it cost every week?
2 We use more before longer adjectives to make
the comparative. What do we use to make the 13 Make sentences comparing your journeys.
superlative?
My home is further from college than yours. /
3 What is the comparative and superlative form
Your home is nearer than mine.
of these irregular adjectives: far, good, bad?
4 Which word often comes after a comparative 14 Work with another pair. Compare your
adjective? Which word normally comes before information. Find out:
a superlative adjective?
1 who lives the nearest to / furthest away from
9 Pronunciation than work / college
Mario lives the nearest to work and Ahmed lives
a 20 Listen to the pronunciation of than in these the furthest away.
sentences. Notice how we say /ðən/ not /ðæn/. 2 who has the shortest / longest commute
3 who has the cheapest / most expensive journey
1 Cars are faster than bicycles.
each week
2 Bicycles are better for the environment than cars.
4 which type of transport is the least / most
b 20 Listen again and repeat the sentences. popular in the group

c Practise saying these sentences.

1 I travel further than you.
2 A train is more expensive than a bus.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
EVERYDAY JOURNEYS TRAVEL ADVICE
ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT GOING ON A JOURNEY 35
my life For teaching purposes
NOTES AND MESSAGES
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 listening using animals for transport • grammar as … as • pronunciation sentence stress •
vocabulary transport adjectives • grammar comparative modifiers • speaking travel advice

3b Transport around the world

Listening Grammar as … as
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos as … as
of the camel and the huskies. 1 In some parts of the world, animal transport is as popular as these modern
Where in the world do you types of transport.
think they are? What are the 2 In winter, northern Alaska can be as cold as the North Pole.
advantages of using animals 3 For long distances, modern vehicles are not as good as camels.
for transport in these parts of 4 A camel isn’t as comfortable as a car.
the world?
For further information and practice, see page 160.
2 21 Listen to a documentary
about animal transport. Why 4 Look at the grammar box and answer these questions.
does the presenter say camels and a Which two sentences say two things are the same or equal?
huskies are better than cars? b Which two sentences say two things are different, and one thing
is less than the other?
3 21 Listen to the documentary
again. What do these numbers 5 Read the first sentence. Then complete the second sentence. Use as …
describe? Make notes. as or not as … as and the adjective in brackets.
Camels 1 An underground train across London costs £6 and a taxi costs £15.
An underground train across London isn’t as expensive as a taxi.
50 degrees (expensive)
40 kilometres 2 A ferry from England to France takes 90 minutes. A train through
the tunnel takes 35 minutes.
3 to 5 days A train from England to France is a ferry. (slow)
160 words 3 In the New York rush hour, cycling to work and going by bus take
the same amount of time.
Huskies In the New York rush hour, cycling to work is
going by bus. (fast)
-50 degrees
4 In Germany and in Finland, 9% of journeys are by bicycle.
6 and 8 huskies Cycling in Germany is in Finland. (popular)
5 London Heathrow airport has 75 million passengers per year.
1,600 kilometres
Atlanta airport has over 100 million passengers per year.
London Heathrow airport is Atlanta airport.
(busy)
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
36 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 3 Transport

6 Pronunciation sentence stress Grammar comparative modifiers

22 Listen to these sentences. Underline the
COMPARATIVE MODIFIERS
stressed words in each sentence.
Sometimes these private taxis are a bit cheaper and
1 Cycling is as popular as jogging. a little faster.
2 Trains aren’t as expensive as taxis. Black cab drivers are much faster because they know the
3 Los Angeles airport is as busy as best routes.
London Heathrow. They think that Uber taxis are a lot less reliable.
4 A car isn’t as fast as a bicycle in a traffic jam. For further information and practice, see page 160.
7 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out how
similar or different you are. Then write sentences. 10 Look at the grammar box. Complete these rules
with the correct modifiers.
Is your partner … as tall as you? / as old as you? /
as interested in sport / music / films as you? 1 To talk about a small difference, we use
or before a
Is your partner’s … family as large as yours? /
comparative adjective.
day at work or college as long as yours? / English
2 To talk about a big difference, we use
book as new as yours?
or before a
Carlos is as tall as me. / Carlos isn’t as short as me. comparative adjective.

11 Work in pairs. Look at the information about

Vocabulary transport adjectives transport for visitors to London. Write sentences
using these ideas and comparative modifiers.
8 Read part of a news article about taxis in London.
What does it compare? 1 A London bus is / expensive than …
A London bus is a lot less expensive than a
black cab.
BATTLE OF THE TAXIS
2 London buses are / frequent than …
When you travel in 3 The river boat is / comfortable than …
London, the city’s famous 4 A black cab is / convenient than …
black taxis or black ‘cabs’
are a convenient type of River boat Black cab London bus
transport. On any main Prices £14.70 per £6 per mile £5 per day
road there are frequent day for travel (minimum for travel
cabs, and even with four anywhere on price £2.40) anywhere
or five people they’re comfortable to ride in. But the river in the city
now the traditional black cab has competition from centre
private hire taxis such as Uber, Karhoo or Addison Frequency One boat All the time About
Lee. Using your mobile phone, you can book a private every 20 to at taxi ranks every five
hire taxi for a certain time and they are very punctual. 30 minutes; and on busy minutes on
Sometimes these private taxis are also a bit cheaper 15 different streets busy routes
and a little faster. However, in bad traffic, black-cab stops
drivers say their cabs are much faster. They have to Other Guaranteed Seats Buses to
learn all the roads around London, so they don’t use information seat; food for five every part
sat nav, and they know the best routes around the and drink people plus of London;
city. They think that private taxis are a lot less reliable sold on luggage space for
board standing
in rush-hour traffic.
and sitting

9 Find these words in the article. Then match them 12 Make three more sentences with comparative
with the definitions (1–6).
modifiers using the information about
convenient   ​frequent   ​comfortable   ​ London transport in Exercise 11.
traditional   ​punctual   ​reliable
Speaking my life
1 It’s always on time.
2 It comes often or regularly. 13 What advice would you give a visitor who arrives
3 It’s always been the same. in your country for the first time? What are the
4 It’s nice to sit in. best ways to get around? Tell your partner.
5 It’s near or easy to use. From the airport to the city centre, there are buses.
6 It does what you need it to. They’re a lot more frequent than the trains.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
EVERYDAY JOURNEYS TRAVEL ADVICE
ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT GOING ON A JOURNEY 37
my life For teaching purposes
NOTES AND MESSAGES
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading traditional transport • vocabulary transport verbs • critical thinking opinions for and against •
speaking alternative transport

3c The end of the road

Reading Critical thinking opinions for
1 You are going to read an article about a city in and against
India. Write one thing you know about India.
6 There are five different groups of people in the
Then tell the class.
article: shoppers, tourists, politicians, commuters
2 Read the article. Which paragraph talks about: and rickshaw drivers. Which groups:

a why people like rickshaws in Kolkata? 1 are for hand-pulled rickshaws in Kolkata?
b modern transport in Kolkata? 2 are against the rickshaws?
c the end of the old rickshaws in Kolkata?
Underline the reasons in the article for each
3 Read the article again and answer the questions. group’s opinions.

1 What is the population of Kolkata? 7 Do you think the writer gives a balanced view
2 Why is Kolkata noisy? of the opinions on both sides? Why? / Why not?
3 Where is it safer for pedestrians to walk? Why?
4 In paragraph 2, why do these people take
rickshaws?
Speaking my life
• children 8 Look at this advert for pedicabs. Do you have
• commuters them in your country? Why are they popular?
• housewives
• tourists
✓ Pedicabs are greener than taxis
5 Some politicians want a new type of rickshaw.
✓ They take two passengers
Why is it different?
✓ Friendly drivers cycle you anywhere
6 How many people pull the old rickshaws
in Kolkata? ✓ No engine, so it’s quieter
7 Why don’t the drivers want the new ✓ Great for sightseeing
rickshaws?

Vocabulary transport verbs

4 Find the verbs (1–8) in paragraphs 1 and 2 of the
article, and match them with the words (a–h).
1 catch a the underground
2 get on b a taxi
3 go c your bus
4 pick up d a train
5 miss e children
6 take f with your shopping
7 go by g rickshaw 9 Work in groups. You want to start a pedicab
8 drop you off h on foot company in your town or city. Discuss the
questions and make notes.
5 Replace the verbs in bold with a verb or verb
phrase from Exercise 4. 1 Who are your main customers? (commuters,
tourists, etc.)
1 I’d travel by taxi to the airport. It’s much 2 Why are pedicabs better than other types of
quicker. take a / go by transport (buses, taxis, etc.)?
2 I can collect the children from school on my 3 How much do you charge? Are you cheaper
way home from work. or more expensive than other transport?
3 I need to go now if I want to get the next train. 4 What is the name of your business? How can
you advertise your business? (on the internet,
4 You’d better leave now or you will not get your on TV, etc.)
flight.
5 Let’s park the car here and walk to the city 10 Give a presentation about your pedicab company
centre. to the class. Listen to other groups and compare
6 Tell the driver to leave you outside the your ideas. Which group has the best ideas?
restaurant.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

38 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 3 Transport

The end
road
of the

23

K
olkata is the capital of In these old streets, you’ll see men pulling rickshaws. They are
a traditional type of transport in the city and local people still
West Bengal in India. like using them. Early in the day, the drivers pick up children 25
It has a population and take them to school. And if you miss your bus to work, a
of around 15 million people hand-pulled rickshaw is much cheaper than taking a taxi. Then,
later on in the day, housewives often prefer to go by rickshaw
5 and the rush hour starts
to the local markets. The driver drops the women off with their
early in the morning. All day shopping outside their house; no other type of public transport 30
there are traffic jams with can do that! So rickshaws are popular with many local people.
When the traffic is very bad, you can go anywhere by rickshaw.
cars, public buses, taxis,
Kolkata is one of the last cities in the world with hand-pulled
motorbikes and pedicabs, and rickshaws, so the drivers also make money from tourists. Visitors
10 drivers honk their horns from to the city often want to get a photograph sitting on a rickshaw 35

morning to night. You can because it’s a famous symbol of Kolkata.

However, not everyone thinks the famous rickshaws are a
also catch the train or get on
good idea. Some local politicians don’t like this old type of
the underground, but those transport because they think it’s wrong for one human to pull
are busy too. For pedestrians, other humans. Instead, they want more rickshaw drivers to use 40

15 Kolkata can be dangerous – pedicabs or modern electric rickshaws, which are clean and fast.
The problem is that Kolkata has around 2,000 rickshaw drivers
crossing the road is especially who pull their passengers by hand. They are often men from
difficult. Fortunately, the old villages in the countryside and they don’t have any other job.
parts of the city have smaller The new electric rickshaws are very expensive, so these drivers 45
can’t afford them. For these men, it’s probably the end of the
streets which are better if you road for the traditional rickshaw and their way of life.
20 go on foot. Cars can’t drive
down them so they are much electric rickshaw (n) /ɪˈlektrɪk ˈrɪkˌʃɔː/ a modern type of rickshaw with
an electric engine
quieter and a lot safer. honk your horn (exp) /hɒŋk jɔː hɔː(r)n/ make a loud noise in a car to tell
people you are there
pedicab (n) /ˈpedɪkæb/ a type of taxi with no engine. The driver cycles.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

EVERYDAY JOURNEYS ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
TRAVEL ADVICE GOING ON A JOURNEY 39
my life For teaching purposes
NOTES AND MESSAGES
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary taking transport • real life going on a journey • pronunciation intonation

3d Getting around town

Vocabulary taking transport 3 24 Look at the expressions for going on a journey.
Then listen to the conversations again. Tick the sentences
1 Look at these pairs of words. Match the you hear.
words with the correct definition (a or b).
1 stop / rank GOING ON A JOURNEY
a where you can get a taxi In a taxi At the train station
b where you can get a bus I’d like to go to the A return ticket to the airport,
2 fare / price station, please. please.
a the money you pay for a journey by You can stop here. First or second class?
bus, train or taxi How much is that? Single or return?
b the amount of money something costs Do you have change? Which platform is it?
3 change / receipt Do you want a receipt? At the airport
a the money you get back when you On a bus Can I see your passport?
pay more than the price Do you stop at the How many bags are you
airport? checking in?
b the piece of paper you receive to show
A single or return ticket? I only have this carry-on.
you paid for something
Please stop at the Window or aisle?
4 gate / platform next one. Can I have a seat next to my
a where you get on a train That’s two pounds. friend?
b where you get on a plane
5 book / check in
a when you buy a ticket in advance 4 Pronunciation intonation
b when you confirm your flight or leave a 25 In everyday English, people don’t always use full
your bags questions. For example, they can say Single or return?
instead of Do you want a single or return ticket? Listen to
Real life going on a journey these questions. Mark the intonation or .

2 24 Listen to five conversations. Javier 1 Single or return? 4 Bus or train?

and Shelley are going to the airport, but
they take different transport. Answer the 2 Window or aisle? 5 North or south?
questions.
3 Credit card or cash? 6 First or second class?
1 At the taxi rank: where does Javier want
to go?
2 In the taxi: how much is the fare? Does b 25 Listen again and repeat the sentences.
Javier want a receipt?
3 At the bus stop: where does Shelley want 5 Work in pairs. Look at the four situations (a–d) with
to go? What type of ticket does she buy? people going to an airport. Act out conversations using
4 At the train station: how much is the the expressions for going on a journey to help you.
ticket? Which platform does the train Student A: You are the passenger.
leave from?
5 At the airport: what does Shelley give the Student B: Take the other role in the conversations
woman? How many bags does she check (e.g. the taxi driver).
in? Then change roles and repeat.

a In the taxi. You have a £50 b On the bus. c At the train station. d At the airport. You
note. The fare is £23.50. have two bags.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

40
my life
EVERYDAY JOURNEYS
TRAVEL ADVICE
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.GOING ON A JOURNEY
ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
NOTES AND MESSAGES
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing notes and messages • writing skill writing in note form Unit 3 Transport

3e Quick communication
Writing notes and messages 1

1 How do you normally send notes and messages to Meet outside airport at 2?
friends and colleagues? By text or email? What other OK?
ways do you use?

2 Read the notes and messages (1–8). Match them with

the reasons for writing (a–e).
2
a thanking
b apologizing Sorry. Bus late. Will be
c giving travel information 15 minutes late.
d suggesting a time and place
e giving a message from someone else

3 Writing skills writing in note form

3
a People often miss out words in notes and messages.
Javier called. Call him back.
Look again at the notes and messages in Exercise 2.
0770 657 655.
Find places where the writers have missed out these
kinds of words.
• articles (e.g. a, the)
• pronouns (e.g. I, me)
• auxiliary verbs (e.g. do, are) 4
• polite forms (e.g. Would you like to …? Can we …?)
Train leaves platform 6.
(Can we) Meet outside (the) airport at 2? (Is that) OK?

b Rewrite these phone messages as shorter

text messages.
1 ‘I’m sorry but I’m stuck in a traffic jam. I’ll see you 5
in half an hour.’
Sorry. Stuck in traffic. See you in 30 mins. Thanks for getting tickets.
2 ‘Thank you for booking the train tickets. I’ll pay Here’s the money.
you when we meet at the station.’
3 ‘Take the underground to Oxford Street and the
Moon café is opposite the station.’
4 ‘Peter wants to come with us in the taxi. Can you 6 T E D 0 0
2 0 D E P A R
call him and tell him where to meet us?’ 3 0 D E P A R
T E D 0 0

5 ‘My flight is an hour late. Meet me in the arrivals Plane at gate 6. 4 0 L A S T 0 C A L L 0

C A L L 0
area at five o’clock.’ 5 0 L A S T 0
R D I N G 0 0
6 0 B O A
4 Work in pairs. Write a short note or message for 7 0 B O A R D I N G 0 0

each situation.
1 You have to work late. Write a text to your friend. 7
Say you will arrive at the bus station an hour later.
2 You are meeting tonight in the city centre. Suggest Am in taxi. See you outside in 5?
your friend takes a taxi from the taxi rank outside
the train station.
3 You cannot travel with your friend on the
underground to the airport. Explain you
will travel by bus and meet him/her at the 8
check-in desk.

5 Write a short message to your partner. Then exchange

Afraid I was late so missed
meeting. My apologies.
@
messages. Can you understand the other person’s
message? Write a reply if necessary!

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

EVERYDAY JOURNEYS TRAVEL ADVICE
ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT GOING ON A JOURNEY 41
my life For teaching purposes
NOTES AND MESSAGES
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 3f Indian Railways

At the Victoria Terminus in Mumbai,

India, it always seems to be rush hour.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

42 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 3 Transport

Before you watch After you watch

1 Work in groups. Look at the photo and the caption. 5 3.2 Vocabulary in context
Why do you think trains are a popular type of transport
in India? a Watch the clips from the video. Choose the
correct meaning of the words and phrases.
2 Key vocabulary b Work in pairs. Ask and answer these
a Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in the questions.
video. Guess the meaning of the words. 1 Does your country have an enormous
1 Don’t walk on the railway track! A train might come. public transport system? Is the transport
2 Some of the trains in India have impressive names system in your country in good
like The Himalayan Queen. condition? Why / Why not?
3 I live in a rural village about thirty miles from the 2 What everyday situations do you find
nearest town. most stressful (e.g. taking exams, driving
4 This toy train is a miniature of the real thing. in busy traffic)? Why?
5 My company has a large workforce. We employ over 3 In your region, which company is one
five hundred people. of the largest employers? What do they
make or provide?
b Match the words in bold in Exercise 2a with these
definitions. 6 3.3 You are going to prepare a narration
for a new version of the Indian Railways
a important-sounding video. It’s called A one-minute journey on the
b the metal line that a train runs on Indian Railways. As you watch, take notes
c the group of people who work for a company about what you see in each part.
d in the countryside
e a small copy • Rush hour in Mumbai (0–15)
• On the train (16–38)
• The workforce (39–50)
While you watch • At the station (51–60)
3 3.1 Watch the video about Indian Railways with 7 Now write a script for the new video.
the sound OFF. Number these actions in the order you Describe what you can see in the video and
see them (1–6). any important facts and figures about the
a A man is checking the railway track. Indian railway. Try to use some of these
b A train is travelling in the Indian countryside. words and phrases.
c Hundreds of people are walking on a platform
during the rush hour. checking the track   ​
d People are playing a game. cities and rural villages   ​
e A man with a white beard is dancing with dancing  
two swords. ​enormous   
f Someone is serving food. ​good condition   
​passengers   
4 3.1 Watch the video with the sound ON. Underline ​platform   
the correct words. ​playing games   
​rush hour   ​
1 Every day approximately two hundred thousand /
station   
two million passengers pass through Mumbai
​stressful   
train station.
​workforce
2 There are over two billion / one billion people in India.
3 The British built the railways in India in the
eighteenth / nineteenth century. 8 Work with a partner. Your teacher will play
4 The first steam train in India was in eighteen thirty- the video twice. As you watch, take turns to
three / fifty-three. read your script and narrate the video.
5 There are over thirty-eight thousand / three thousand
eight hundred miles of railway track in India.
6 The Grand Trunk Express has travelled through
India since nineteen thirty-nine / nineteen twenty-nine.
7 India’s railways carry four billion / four million
passengers every year.
8 Indian Railways employ one hundred thousand / one
and a half million staff.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 43

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 3 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar 4 Which words can follow the words in CAPITAL
letters? Cross out the incorrect word.
1 Complete the article with the correct form of
1 GO BY: car, foot, plane, bicycle
the adjectives.
2 GO ON: a taxi, a ship, foot, a ferry
Santiago is the 1 (large) city in Chile. It 3 CATCH: a train, a plane, a taxi, a bus
has a population of five million people and it’s the 4 DROP OFF: your shopping, your children, the
2
(busy) city in the country. It has some underground
of the 3 (beautiful) buildings in the world 5 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at the photos (a–e)
but, in the past, it was the 4 (polluted) city and answer the questions (1–7). Give reasons.
in Chile. Its streets weren’t as 5 (clean) as
they are today.
a c e
Nowadays, public transport around the city is
much 6 (good) and the city centre
isn’t as 7 (noisy). Cycling is also a lot
8
(popular) these days because there are
new cycle paths and people can use electric bikes.
b d f

1 Which types of transport are slow but reliable?

2 Which are comfortable and convenient?
3 Which are the cheapest?
4 Which goes the furthest in a short time?
2 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Make four sentences to 5 Which lands at a gate?
compare your town or city to Santiago. Talk about: 6 Which stops at a rank?
7 Which are good for sightseeing in a city?
• size and population
• buildings and streets I CAN
• traffic and public transport talk about transport
• walking and cycling

I CAN Real life

use comparative and superlative adjectives
6 Complete the conversation at a train station with
use as … as
these words.

Vocabulary platform   ​ticket   ​single   ​return   ​receipt

3 Match words from A with words from B to make A: I’d like a to Glasgow.
compound nouns. Then complete the sentences B: or return?
with the compound nouns. A: , please.
B: That’s twenty-one pounds fifty. Do you want a
A: traffic   rush   city   bus   speed ?
A: Yes, please. Which is it?
B: hour   stop   limit   jam   centre B: Three.

1 There’s a on the 7 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Write a similar

motorway. Nothing’s moving. conversation between two people at an airport.
2 starts at about seven Use these phrases.
in the morning.
3 Wait at the and the see your passport   ​checking in   ​a carry-on   ​
number 39 comes every twenty minutes. window or aisle
4 Slow down! The is
only 30 kilometres an hour on these roads. I CAN
5 The is closed to cars
buy tickets and use different types of transport
on Sundays.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

44 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 4 Challenges

Alan Cressler explores

Krubera cave, Abkhasia

F E AT U R E S 1 Look at the photo. Where is the man? Do you think this activity
looks exciting or dangerous? Would you like to do this?
46 Adventurers of
2 26 Listen to another caver talking about his hobby. Answer the
the year questions.
Profiles of some of the 1 Why do colleagues at work think he is ‘a bit crazy’?
world’s top adventurers 2 Why do cavers work in teams?
3 How do you get to Rumbling Falls Cave?
48 An impossible
decision 3 Look at these sentences from Vic’s description. Match the
words in bold with the definitions (a–c).
The real-life story of two
climbers and a difficult 1 Sometimes you have to take a risk when you go caving.
decision 2 Every cave gives you a different challenge.
3 Rumbling Falls Cave was probably my biggest achievement
50 Challenge yourself as a caver.
Find out about some a do something which can be dangerous
challenges for the mind b success in something after a lot of hard work and effort
(e.g. passing an examination)
54 A microadventure c something very difficult to do
A video about two friends
who spend 24 hours in
4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
Croatia 1 Are you a person who takes risks or are you usually very careful?
2 What is a big achievement in your life so far?
3 What will be a big challenge for you in the future?
4 Is there any kind of risky activity you would like to try
in the future?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR PAST EVENTS YOU REMEMBER
CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH TELLING A STORY    45
my life A TRUE STORY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading adventurers’ stories • grammar past simple • pronunciation /d/, /t/ or /ɪd/ • speaking your past

4a Adventurers of the year

Reading 2 Read the article again. Work in pairs and discuss
the questions.
1 Read the article. Are these sentences about Pasang,
1 What do you think was Pasang’s biggest
Marjan, or both of them? Write 1–6 in the diagram.
challenge?
1 She was born in Nepal. 2 Why is she famous?
2 Her father helped her. 3 What was Marjan’s ambition?
3 She started when she was a teenager. 4 What were her team’s achievements?
4 She trained for her job.
5 She competed in other countries.
6 She changed other people’s lives.
Grammar past simple
PAST SIMPLE
Pasang Marjan We use the past simple to talk about finished actions,
1 events or situations in the past.
Pasang Lhamu Sherpa Akita lived with her younger sister
in Lukla.
Both
Marjan Sadequi grew up in the capital city of Kabul.
People didn’t have homes or food.
It wasn’t easy to practise around the roads of Kabul.

For further information and practice, see page 162.

27

ADVENTURERS EVERY YEAR, READERS OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

of the
YEAR MAGAZINE VOTE FOR THEIR ADVENTURERS OF THE
YEAR. HERE ARE TWO OF THEM.

THE MOUNTAINEER
As a child, Pasang Lhamu Sherpa Akita lived with her younger sister in Lukla,
a town in northeastern Nepal. Her parents died when she was young. As a
teenager she trained as a mountaineer. She worked as a mountain guide and
she climbed Mount Everest when she was only 22. In 2015, there was a terrible
earthquake in Nepal and many people didn’t have homes or food, so Pasang
helped them. Nowadays she also works to improve education in Nepal and is
famous for her voluntary work as well as her mountaineering.

THE CYCLIST
Marjan Sadequi was born in Afghanistan
and grew up in the capital city of Kabul. Her
father was the national cycling coach for the
men’s team and, from very early on in life,
Marjan had an ambition to become a cyclist.
Her father gave Marjan her first bicycle when
she was a teenager, and he soon saw how
much Marjan loved cycling. As a result, he
built a new women’s cycling team with his
daughter and ten other women. It wasn’t
easy to practise around the roads of Kabul
but, in 2013, the team went to New Delhi and
they had their first international competition
against other female cycling teams. They
didn’t win, but they entered more races
in Pakistan, Kazakhstan and South Korea
and because of Marjan and her team’s
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
achievements, more women are now cycling
46 Forinteaching
Afghanistan.
purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 4 Challenges

3 Look at the grammar box on page 46. Underline 7 Read the text about Reza again. Answer the
the past simple forms in the article. Which are questions.
regular? Which are irregular?
1 When was Reza born?
4 Answer these questions. 2 Where did he study architecture?
3 What did he love when he was a teenager?
1 What do we add to regular verbs to form the 4 What did he do after university?
past simple? What do we add if the verb ends 5 Did he want to take photos of local news?
in -e? What if the verb ends in -y? 6 When did he go abroad?
2 What is the infinitive form of the irregular
verbs you underlined?
PAST SIMPLE QUESTIONS
grew up – grow up
3 How do we form the negative of most past When was Reza born?
simple verbs? How do we form the negative Where did he study architecture?
of be? Did he want to take photos of local news?

For further information and practice, see page 162.

5 Pronunciation /d/, /t/ or /ɪd/
a 28 Listen to the -ed ending of these regular 8 Look at the grammar box. Choose the correct
verbs. Is the sound /d/, /t/ or /ɪd/? Notice how /ɪd/ option (a–b) to complete these rules.
comes after the letters t or d and adds an extra 1 With most regular and irregular verbs,
syllable. we make questions with:
1 lived /d/ 5 waited a the past simple form of the verb.
2 finished /t/ 6 looked b did + infinitive.
3 wanted /ɪd/ 7 decided 2 With be, we make questions with:
4 studied 8 climbed a was and were.
b did + infinitive.
b 28 Listen again and repeat.
9 Read these questions and answers from interviews
6 Complete the text about another adventurer with with Pasang and Marjan. Complete the questions.
the past simple form of the verbs.
1 I: Where did you live as a child?
P: In Lukla, in northeastern Nepal.
2 I: When Mount Everest?
P: When I was 22 years old.
3 I: Who after the earthquake?
P: People with no homes and no food.
4 I: you born?
M: In Afghanistan
5 I:  your first international
competition?
M: In 2013.
6 I:  the race in New Delhi?
M: No, we didn’t.

Speaking my life

10 Write six questions to ask your partner about the

THE PHOTOGRAPHER past. Use some of these ideas.
Reza 1 was (be) born in Tabriz, Iran, in where / be / born?   ​where / grow up?   ​
1952. He 2 (study) architecture at the when / learn / to ride a bike?   ​
university in Tehran but he 3 (not / when / start / studying English?   ​
become) an architect. When he was a teenager, where / go / holiday / last year?   ​
Reza 4 (love) photography, and go / abroad / last year?   ​go / university?   
after university, he 5 (get) a job what / be / first job?
with a local newspaper as a photographer. But he
6
(not / want) to take photos of local
news, so in 1978 he 7 (go) abroad and
11 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer your
questions. Make notes about your partner.
he 8 (take) photos of wars. Nowadays
he works for National Geographic magazine. 12 Work with a new partner. Describe your first
partner’s life.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
YOUR PAST EVENTS YOU REMEMBER
CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH TELLING A STORY    47
my life A TRUE STORY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary personal qualities • listening an impossible decision • grammar past continuous and past simple •
pronunciation was/were • speaking events you remember

4b An impossible decision

Vocabulary personal
qualities
1 Work in groups. Read this English
expression and discuss the questions.
‘Two heads are better than one.’
1 What do you think the expression means?
2 Do you have a similar expression in your
language?
3 What are the advantages and disadvantages
of working in teams with other people? Listening
4 What do you think makes a good team
member? 4 What difficult decisions do people have to make in
life? What decisions do you have to make at work
2 Read the sentences (1–7) about what makes a good or for your studies? Tell your partner.
team member. Match these adjectives with the
sentences. I left my old company last year. It was difficult
because I had lots of good colleagues there. But I
experienced   ​friendly   ​hard-working   ​ wanted a new job.
intelligent   ​kind   ​patient   ​positive
5 29 Listen to the first part of a true story about
two climbers called Joe Simpson and Simon Yates.
A good team member:
Number these pictures in the correct order (1–6).
1 likes meeting people and gets on with
everyone. friendly
a b
2 is a good listener and thinks about other
people.
3 gives people the time they need and waits
for them.
4 is always happy and looks for the good things
in life.
5 works extra hours when it’s necessary. c d
6 knows a lot about his or her area of work.
7 is good at learning and understanding.

3 Work in pairs. Which qualities in Exercise 2 do

these people have? Why?
e f
a close friend   ​a language learner   ​
a manager   ​a parent   ​a president   ​a teacher

A good teacher is patient because the students need time

to learn.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
48 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 4 Challenges

6 Work in pairs. What was Yates’ impossible 10 Complete the sentences with one verb in the
decision at the end? What do you think he did? past continuous form and one verb in the past
simple form.
7 30 Now listen to the whole story and answer
the questions. 1 I was working (work) on my own when a
1 What two personal qualities from Exercise 2 group of people came (come) into
did Simpson and Yates have? my office.
2 Why didn’t they stay at the top of the mountain 2 We (met) them when they
for very long? (live) above our apartment.
3 What decision did Yates make in the end? 3 They (not get on) very well,
4 The next day, what did Yates think about so the team (agree) to have a
Simpson? meeting.
5 What did Yates hear in the night? 4 The weather (be) cold this
6 How did the story of Yates and Simpson morning but it (not rain) so I
become famous? cycled to work.
5 I saw you across the street but I
(not stop) because I (run) to my
Grammar past continuous and job interview!
past simple 6 What he (do)
when you (phone) him?
PAST CONTINUOUS and PAST SIMPLE 7 Which cities they
While they were going down the mountain, Simpson fell. (visit) while they (travel)
He wasn’t moving, but he was still breathing. through Brazil?
Note: We often use when and while to talk about one 8 Why you
action happening at the same time as another. (answer) that call while we
(watch) the film?
For further information and practice, see page 162.

11 Pronunciation was/were
8 Look at the sentences in the grammar box.
Answer these questions. a 31 Listen to sentences 1 to 4 from Exercise 10.
Notice the pronunciation of was, were, wasn’t
1 Which verb(s) talk about completed actions?
and weren’t. Which are stressed and which are
2 Which verb(s) talk about actions in progress at
unstressed?
a moment in the past?
3 We often use the two verb forms together. b 31 Listen again and repeat the sentences.
Which verb form is used for the longer,
continuing activity? Which form is used for
the shorter, finished action? Speaking my life
4 What is the auxiliary verb in the past 12 Which of these events happened to you in the
continuous? What is the form of the main verb? past? Write some sentences about them and say
9 30 Read the sentences from the story about when the events happened.
Simpson and Yates. Choose the correct option.
broke a bone   ​
Then listen and check.
achieved something with a team of other people   ​
1 The sun shone / was shining when Simpson and first fell in love   ​
Yates left their tents on the first day. got my first job   
2 When they reached the top of the mountain, it ​had an accident   
snowed / was snowing. ​had an argument with a close friend   
3 While they were going down the mountain, ​received really good news   
Simpson broke / was breaking his knee. ​was late for an important meeting
4 For an hour, Yates held the rope, but it pulled /
was pulling him off the mountain. I broke a bone in my arm on my sixth birthday.
5 Yates was sleeping in his tent but he suddenly
woke up / was waking up. 13 Work in pairs. Take turns to tell your partner about
6 Finally, he found / was finding Simpson on the the things that happened to you. Ask and answer
ground. questions about what you were doing when it
happened.
A: I broke a bone in my arm on my sixth birthday.
B: What were you doing when it happened?
A: I was riding my first bicycle when I fell off.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR PAST EVENTS YOU REMEMBER
CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH TELLING A STORY    49
my life A TRUE STORY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading challenge your brain • critical thinking looking for evidence • wordbuilding verbs and nouns •
writing and speaking challenges in English

4c Challenge yourself
Reading 6 Read these ideas from the article and answer
the questions (1–2).
1 Work in pairs. Do you like doing crosswords,
a The Rubik’s cube became one of the most
quizzes or puzzles? How much time do you spend
popular toys in history.
playing video and computer games every week?
b Our brain naturally loves solving problems.
Tell your partner.
c Some scientists think puzzles and games can
2 Answer this riddle and solve the matchstick puzzle, improve memory in the elderly.
then take the numbers memory challenge on 1 Which two ideas have lots of evidence in
page 51. Turn to page 155 to find the answers. the article to support them? Underline this
evidence.
A riddle: What is yours, but other people use it more 2 Which idea doesn’t have much evidence in
than you? the article? (It’s the writer’s opinion.)

A puzzle: Move two matchsticks and make four

equal squares.
Wordbuilding verbs and nouns
WORDBUILDING verbs and nouns
Some words have a verb form and a noun form.
Sometimes the verb and noun form are the same:
challenge (v) challenge (n)
Sometimes the forms are different:
achieve (v) achievement (n)

For further practice, see Workbook page 35.

7 Look at the wordbuilding box. Complete this table

3 Why do you think people like taking these types with words from the article.
of challenge?
Verb Noun
4 Read the second part of the article. Are these challenge a challenge
sentences true (T) or false (F)? achieve an achievement
1
a solution
1 Professor Rubik taught students about 2
an answer
architecture. 3
player
2 He made the cube to teach his students about
memorize 4
puzzles. 5
a study
3 Professor Rubik solved the problem of the
test 6
cube straight away. 7
a score
4 A robot can solve a Rubik’s cube faster than
a human.
5 Some scientists think puzzles and games
are only good for older people’s brains. Writing and speaking my life
6 A study showed some adults over sixty 8 Complete these questions about learning English
are better at video games than other adults with a verb or noun from the table. Then ask your
over sixty. partner the questions.
1 What do you think is the biggest challenge
Critical thinking looking for when learning English?
evidence 2 Do you like problems in English on
your own or working with other learners? Why?
5 Evidence is factual information to support an idea. 3 What do you think is the best way to
Which three types of evidence does the writer use new words in English?
in the article? Which does he not use? 4 When you study for a or exam,
• facts from history how do you do it?
• data (e.g. numbers and amounts)
9 Work in pairs. Write a list of tips for someone who
• quotes from people
is a beginner in English. Give them advice about
• results from a scientific study
the best ways to learn.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
50 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 4 Challenges

CHALLENGE YOURSELF
THE NUMBERS MEMORY CHALLENGE
4 9 2 6
Cover the groups of numbers in this list. Then 5 7 8 4 3
look at the first group, cover it again, and try to 9 5 3 4 5 6
say the numbers. Then look at the second group
of numbers, cover them and try to say them. 7 4 3 0 6 7 3
Continue down the list. When do you stop 8 9 3 1 4 2 8 9
remembering all the numbers in a group?
6 3 9 8 1 8 5 3 1
9 2 7 8 3 6 9 7 0 8
32

In 1974, Professor Erno Rubik was looking for an interesting way to teach his architecture
students about 3D geometry. To do this, he made a cube with nine other cubes on each
of its sides. The smaller cubes were different colours and you could turn them in different
directions. The challenge was to make each side all one colour. The problem was that there
5 were 43 quintillion (43,000,000,000,000,000,000) ways to move the cubes. As a result, it took
Professor Rubik over a month to solve his own problem.
In the end, the Rubik’s cube became one of the most popular toys in history. Over 400
million Rubik’s cubes have been sold around the world and one in seven people have
played with one. In 2008, a Dutch teenager called Mats Valk solved the Rubik’s cube in
10 5.55 seconds. It’s still the world record for a human; a robot beat him with a time of 1.019
seconds.
So why do humans love challenging themselves with puzzles like the Rubik’s cube? It’s the
same reason we like crosswords and puzzles in newspapers, or why we play video games on
our phones and tablets. Our brain naturally loves solving problems.
15 Some scientists also think puzzles and games can improve memory in the
elderly. In one study at Illinois University, the researchers studied
how video games help older people’s mental health.
In their study, twenty adults over the age of sixty
played a video game for a long period, while
20 another twenty adults over sixty did not.
Afterwards, they gave all forty adults
a test of memory and mental skill.
Overall, the video game players
scored higher on the test, which
25 means a challenging video game
could be good for our brains.

3D (dj) /ˌθriːˈdiː/ three dimensional

geometry (n) /dʒiːˈɒmətri/ mathematical subject about shapes and sizes

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR PAST CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH
EVENTS YOU REMEMBER TELLING A STORY    51
my life A TRUE STORY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 real life telling a story • pronunciation intonation for responding

4d True stories
Real life telling a story 5 Pronunciation intonation for responding
1 Do you ever go camping at weekends or on 34 Listen to the expressions for reacting to
holiday? Why? / Why not? good and bad news. Notice how the listener uses
intonation to show interest. Listen again
2 33 Listen to two friends talking about a and repeat.
camping trip. Answer the questions. Why?
1 Was the start of the weekend good or bad? Really?
2 When did Mark and the others leave the That was a good idea!
house? Oh no!
3 What happened to the car?
4 Who helped them?
6 Work in pairs. Practise the conversation from
Exercise 3. Take turns to be person A. Be careful
5 What was the problem when they found the
with your intonation when you are responding.
campsite?
6 Where did they go instead? 7 Work in pairs. Practise telling a story and
responding.
3 33 Listen again. Complete the conversation.
A: Hi Mark. How was your camping trip? Student A: Use these ideas to tell a story to your
B: It was great in the end, but we had a terrible partner.
time at the beginning. • You had a terrible journey to work.
A: Why? • You were cycling and it started raining.
B: 1 , we left the house late, and then • A car hit your bike.
after only half an hour the car broke down. • You weren’t hurt.
A: Oh no! 2 ? • The driver was very nice. He owns a
B: 3 there was a garage nearby bicycle shop.
and the mechanic fixed the problem. But • He gave you a new bike! It’s much better
4
we arrived at the forest, it was than your old one!
getting dark. 5 we drove around
for about an hour, we 6 found the Student B: Listen to your partner and respond
campsite, but it was completely dark by then. with comments and questions.
And it was raining! 8 Now change roles.
A: Really? So 7 ?
B: We found a nice, warm hotel down the road! Student B: Use these ideas to tell a story to your
A: That was lucky! partner.
B: Yes, it was a great hotel and 8 we • You went hiking with a friend in the
stayed there for the whole weekend. mountains.
A: 9 ! • It started snowing.
4 Look at the expressions for telling a story. Match • You went back towards the town, but it was
the expressions (1–9) in Exercise 3 with the getting dark.
headings (a–d). • You passed a large house with the lights on.
• The people in the house invited you in. They
made you dinner and you stayed the night.
TELLING A STORY • The next day the sun was shining. You reached
a Sequencing the story the top of the mountain.
At the beginning … Then … Next … While …
Student A: Listen to your partner and respond
b Introducing good and bad news
with comments and questions.
Luckily … But … Unfortunately …
c Reacting to good and bad news 9 Think of a bad journey you had. Did it have a
Why? happy ending? Make a list of the events. Then
Really? tell your partner the story.
That was a good idea!
Oh no!
d Asking about the next part of the story
What did you do?
What happened?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

52 YOUR PAST EVENTS YOU REMEMBER
CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH TELLING A STORY    
my life A TRUE STORY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing a short story • writing skill structure your writing Unit 4 Challenges

4e A story of survival
Writing a short story 3 Writing skill structure your writing
1 What is an interesting story in the news at the moment? Is it The story has a five-part structure.
good news or bad news? Number the parts (a–e) in the correct
order (1–5).
2 Stories in the news answer some or all of these questions.
a The day the story starts,
Read the short story and answer the questions.
the background events
1 Where did it happen? (such as the weather) and what
2 What was the weather like? Who was there? What were happened at first.
they doing? b An important moment when
3 What went wrong? something goes wrong, and what
4 What surprising event happened? Who was there? What happens next.
were they doing? c There is a happy (or sad) ending.
5 Did the story have a happy or sad ending? d The place and the typical lives of the
people. 1
e A surprising (and often positive)

Boys survive change in the story after a long time.

50 DAYS lost at sea

4 Time expressions help the structure of a
story. Look at this example and underline
the other time expressions in the story.

T he islands of Atafu are in the middle of the Pacific Ocean The islands of Atafu are in the middle
and the people there go fishing every day. One day, the of the Pacific Ocean and the people
sun was shining and the sea was calm, so three teenage boys there go fishing every day. One day, the
went fishing in a small boat. In the evening, they didn’t arrive sun was shining and the sea was calm,
home, so the islanders went out and looked for them. After so three teenage boys went fishing in a
many days there was no sign of them and everyone thought the small boat.
boys were dead.
Fifty days later, some fishermen were sailing in the middle of 5 You are going to write a short story. Use
the Pacific Ocean when they saw a small boat in the distance. a story from your own life or a story in
the news. Plan the story using the five-
The three boys were in the boat, over 1,500 kilometres from part structure and make notes to answer
their home. They were living on fish from the sea and rainwater. the questions in Exercise 2.
In the end, they returned to their families alive and well.
6 Write your short story in about 80–100
words. Use some time expressions to
help the structure.

7 Work in pairs. Take turns to read your

stories. Does your partner use the five-
part structure and time expressions?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR PAST EVENTS YOU REMEMBER
CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH TELLING A STORY    53
my life A TRUE STORY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 4f A microadventure

Alastair and Temujin during

their adventure in Croatia.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

54 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 4 Challenges

Before you watch After you watch

1 Make a list of things you did in the last 24 hours. Write 5 Vocabulary in context
as many things as you can in two minutes. Then work
in pairs. Take turns to read your lists. Who wrote the 4.2 Watch the clips from the video.
longest list? Choose the correct meaning of the words and
I got up, I brushed my teeth, I ate breakfast, … phrases.

2 You are going to watch a video about two friends. They 6 Work in pairs. Watch the video again
are spending 24 hours in Croatia on a ‘microadventure’. with the sound OFF. Try to describe what
Complete these sentences from the video in the past happened in the microadventure as you see
simple, using the irregular verb in brackets. each action on the screen.

a We a photo of the city lights below. (take) 7 Work in pairs. You are going to plan a
b We the city. (leave) 24-hour microadventure. Discuss these
c We next to this rock. (wake up) ideas and make your plans.
d We some bread, some grapes, some meat. • Where will you go?
(buy) • What will you do?
e We swimming in the Mediterranean Sea. • What will you see?
(go)
f We ate an ice cream. (eat) At 9 o’clock we’ll take the train to … and visit …
g Al on a wall. (sit)
8 Work with another pair and describe your
h We some water and watched the sunset.
plans for your microadventure.
(have)
i We a sandwich. (make)
j We a river. (find)

While you watch

3 4.1 Watch the video. Number the sentences in
Exercise 2 in the order they happen (1–10).
We ate an ice cream. 1

4 4.1 Choose the correct option to complete the

sentences. Sometimes, more than one option is possible.
Then watch the video again to check.
1 Alastair Humphreys is:
a a filmmaker. c a writer. ✓
b an adventurer. ✓
2 They hired:
a a car. c bicycles.
b motorbikes.
3 They drove:
a through a tunnel. c round a bend.
b over a bridge.
4 They saw:
a a fish. c a butterfly.
b a dragonfly. A dragonfly
5 They stopped:
a at a river. c at a restaurant.
b at a castle.
6 On the mountain, they could hear:
a people. c music.
b animals.
7 In the morning, Alastair:
a ate a banana. c phoned his mother.
b brushed his teeth.
8 Afterwards, they had:
a a shower. c breakfast.
b a coffee.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 55

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 4 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Complete the text with the past simple form of the 5 Complete the sentences with these words.
verbs.
challenging   ​experienced   ​intelligent   ​kind    ​
In 2013 Aleksander patient   ​positive
Doba 1
(cross) the Atlantic 1 Don’t get angry when things don’t happen as
Ocean in a kayak. fast as you want. Learn to be .
He 2 2 He’s a very climber. He started
(start) his journey mountaineering when he was a child.
in Lisbon, 3 It’s very of you to help me with
Portugal and he my homework.
3
4 Even when things go wrong, it’s important to
(arrive) in Florida six months later. stay .
He 4 (travel) 12,427 kilometres and 5 My friend is the most person in
it 5 (be) a difficult journey. His kayak our class. She always gets 100% on tests.
6
(break) near the Bahamas, so he 6 Finishing the marathon was very ,
7
(stop) to fix it. He also 8 but I did it in the end.
(have) other challenges – his satellite phone
9
(not work) for 47 days so he I CAN
10
(not have) any communication. talk about personal qualities and challenges
Aleksander 11 (be born) in Poland in
1946 and he 12 (not begin) kayaking
until the age of 34. Real life
2 Complete the questions about Aleksander Doba. 6 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at the pictures (1–5).
1 How did ? In a kayak. Student A: Tell the story to your partner using
2 How long did ? Six months. some of these words.
3 How far ? 12,427 kilometres.
4 Did he ? Yes, his phone didn’t at the beginning   ​but   ​luckily   ​next   ​while
work for 47 days.
Student B: Listen to the story and react to good
3 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Answer the questions about
and bad news with some of these phrases.
the story in Exercise 1.
1 What were the personal qualities of Aleksander Oh no!   ​Really?   ​What happened?   ​Why?
Doba?
2 Why do you think people like Aleksander take 1 2
risks and give themselves challenges?

4 Choose the correct options.

The sun 1 shone / was shining as the plane turned
onto the runway. As it 2 took off / was taking off, the
passengers inside the plane sat quietly. They 3 took / 4
were taking their first parachute jump. Everyone 3
4
was / was being nervous and no one 5 talked / was
talking. When the plane 6 reached / was reaching the 5
correct height, their teacher
shouted, ‘Right everyone.
It’s time to jump!’ She 7 opened /
was opening the door on the side
of the plane and, in the next
moment, everyone 8 jumping /
was jumping out of the plane I CAN
towards the ground. tell a story
react to good and bad news
I CAN
use the past simple and past continuous

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

56 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 5 The environment

Uruguayan artist Jaime built this home in

Florianapolis, Brazil, from recycled materials.

F E AT U R E S 1 Look at the photo and the caption. What do you think of the
home in the photo? Would you like to stay there? Which of
58 Recycling these materials did Jaime use?
The real story behind cardboard   ​
glass   ​
leather   ​metal   ​paper   ​
plastic   ​wood
recycling our rubbish

60 Managing the 2 35 Listen to part of a documentary about Jaime and the

house in the photo. Answer the questions.
environment
1 What everyday objects does the speaker talk about?
Some environmental 2 What did Jaime do with these objects?
stories from around 3 What does he want people to think about?
the world
3 Look at the highlighted expressions for talking about objects.
62 A boat made of Make similar sentences about the everyday objects in the box.
bottles A dictionary is made of paper. You use it for looking up words.
How one environmentalist
is trying to raise awareness a dictionary   ​a mobile phone   ​a pen   ​scissors   ​
a tin can

66 Recycling Cairo 4 Work in pairs. Think of other everyday objects. Don’t tell your
A video about how partner the object, but describe what it’s made of and what
recycled objects are used you use it for. Your partner has to guess the object.
in Cairo.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR RUBBISH KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
my life For teaching purposesCHANGING BEHAVIOUR
only. Not for sale.AN ONLINE ORDER 57
AN EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary recycling • reading e-rubbish • grammar quantifiers • speaking your rubbish

5a Recycling
Vocabulary recycling Reading
1 What kind of rubbish do you throw away or 3 Look at the photos with the article. What
recycle every week? What percentage of each do you think e-rubbish is? Why is the boy holding
type (a–e) is in your rubbish? part of an old computer?
About 25% of my rubbish is glass. 4 Read the article and check your ideas from
a electronics d metal Exercise 3.
b glass e plastic
5 Read the article again and answer these questions.
c paper and cardboard
1 Where did Peter Essick follow the e-rubbish to?
2 Match these objects to the type of rubbish (a–e) 2 What did he find in the markets of Ghana?
in Exercise 1. Some items match two categories. 3 Why do people melt parts of the broken
1 computer a 6 tin can    computers?
2 bottle b, e 7 TV 4 Why is recycling the metal dangerous?
3 jar 8 cereal box    5 What is it bad for?
4 aluminium foil    9 magazine 6 What types of electronic products are
5 milk carton    10 bag environmentally friendly?

36

D
o you ever throw away any electronic rubbish (or e-rubbish)? Perhaps you have some old
technology that doesn’t work, like an out-of-date phone, or a slow computer. But when you
throw away these objects, do you know where they go? The journalist Peter Essick has followed
this e-rubbish to different countries around the world.

Essick found a lot of e-rubbish in Ghana, with thousands of old computers in the local markets. Here, the
sellers resell a few computers to people for their homes and offices, but you can’t sell many computers in
the market because a lot of them don’t work. So they melt some parts of the computers to recycle the metal.
These parts don’t have much metal, but sometimes there is a little gold inside.

Unfortunately, recycling the metal can be dangerous for the workers because it produces a lot of chemicals
which are bad for workers’ health. As a result, Peter Essick thinks we shouldn’t send any e-rubbish to other
countries. It’s bad for the environment and it’s bad for people’s health. He believes we need to produce more
environmentally-friendly electronics in the future; in other words, electronic products which you can recycle
safely and in the country where they were made.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

58 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 5 The environment

Grammar quantifiers 7 Look at the sentences in the grammar box.

Then complete these sentences with the correct
6 Which of these nouns are countable? Which are quantifiers.
uncountable? Write C or U.
1 We use some and a lot of in
rubbish U   ​computer C   ​plastic   ​bag   ​box   ​ affirmative sentences with countable or
magazine   ​paper   ​metal uncountable nouns.
2 We use in questions with
countable or uncountable nouns.
QUANTIFIERS 3 We talk about small quantities with
We use quantifiers with countable and uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences with
to talk about quantity. countable nouns.
Do you ever throw away any electronic rubbish? 4 We talk about small quantities with
Perhaps you have some old technology that doesn’t work. in affirmative sentences with
Essick found a lot of e-rubbish in Ghana. uncountable nouns.
The sellers resell a few computers. 5 We use any and in negative
You can’t sell many computers in the market. sentences with countable nouns.
These parts don’t have much metal. 6 We use and in
There is a little gold inside.
negative sentences with uncountable nouns.
We shouldn’t send any e-rubbish to other countries.

For further information and practice, see page 164. 8 Choose the correct quantifier. In one sentence both
quantifiers are correct.
1 How much / many rubbish do you recycle?
2 I recycle a few / a little things, like glass and
plastic bottles.
3 I don’t recycle many / much glass.
4 I recycle a few / a little paper each week.
5 Do you have much / any recycling bins?
6 There are some / any old TVs for sale at the
market.
7 A lot of people on my street don’t recycle many /
much plastic.
8 You shouldn’t throw away many / any paper!
Always recycle it.
9 Nowadays, a lot of / some cities and towns have
special places to take recycling.

Speaking my life

9 Read these sentences about recycling. If necessary,

change the words in bold so the sentences are true
for you.
1 I throw away a lot of paper every week.
2 In my area, a few places have recycling bins.
3 My school / place of work doesn’t have any
recycling bins for paper.
4 Some people in my country think recycling is
important.

10 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about

your sentences in Exercise 9. Start your questions
like this:
1 How much paper …?
2 Do any places …?
3 Does your school / place of work …?
4 How many people …?
melt (v) /melt/ to heat an object until it turns to liquid
A: How much paper do you throw away?
B: I don’t throw away any paper. We recycle it in the
special green bins.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR RUBBISH
my life For teaching purposes CHANGING
KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
only. NotBEHAVIOUR
for sale. AN ONLINE ORDER 59
AN EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary results and figures • listening environmental projects • grammar articles •
pronunciation /ðə/ or /ðiː/ • writing and speaking knowledge of the world

5b Managing the environment

Vocabulary results and figures 4 Work in pairs. Answer these questions about your
life using over, under, nearly and about.
1 Discuss the questions.
1 How much of your day do you spend looking
1 How often do you read news about the at a screen (e.g. computer, TV)?
environment? Is it always bad news? I spend about a third of my day looking at a screen.
2 Do you have any good news about the 2 How many hours a week do you spend
environment in your country? shopping?
3 How many people live in your town or city?
2 Read a newspaper report about Portugal. Is it 4 How much money a month do you spend on
good news or bad news? buying clothes?
5 How many months a year do you spend at
Portugal powered the whole country using
school or at work?
only solar, wind and hydroelectric energy for
about a hundred hours last week. Exactly
a year ago, the country produced under a Listening
quarter of its electricity from wind power
and nearly half of its total energy came from
5 37 Listen to a news report about two
environmental projects and answer the questions.
renewable energy. So it’s a huge achievement
for the country to live off renewable energy 1 What four deserts does the report mention?
for over four days. 2 Where are the two environmental projects?
3 What type of wall are the countries building?
3 Look at the phrases in bold in the newspaper 6 37 Listen again and answer the questions.
report. Find the phrases that have a similar
meaning to the exact information a–e. 1 What percentage of the Earth’s land is desert?
2 When did the Chinese start planting The Great
a 48% Green Wall?
b 107 3 Why did they plant it?
c from May 7 to May 11 4 How many trees are in the wall now?
d 22% 5 How long will it be by 2050?
e 12 months 6 How many countries are working together on
the wall in Africa?
7 What will the new forest stop the desert doing?
8 How big will the forest across the Sahara be?

You can
see the Sahara
desert on this
satellite photo of Africa.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

60 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 5 The environment

Grammar articles 9 Pronunciation /ðə/ or /ðiː/

ARTICLES a/an, the, or no article a 38 Listen to the difference in the pronunciation

of the before a consonant sound and a vowel
1 In 1978 the Chinese started planting a wall of trees. sound.
Now the wall has 66 billion trees.
2 It’s the largest hot desert in the world. /ðə/ /ðiː/
3 The Gobi Desert is getting larger. the wall the Earth
4 Countries in Africa plan to build a wall.
5 People know about the Great Wall of China. b 39 Listen and circle /ðə/ or /ðiː/. Then listen
again and repeat.
For further information and practice, see page 164.
1 the river /ðə/ /ðiː/
7 Look at the grammar box. Read the sentences and 2 the ice /ðə/ /ðiː/
look at the words in bold. Complete these rules
3 the world /ðə/ /ðiː/
with a/an, the, or no article.
4 the desert /ðə/ /ðiː/
a We normally use when we talk
about something which isn’t specific or it’s the 5 the oldest /ðə/ /ðiː/
first time we mention something. When we talk
6 the largest /ðə/ /ðiː/
about something specific or talk about it again,
we use . 7 the Atacama desert /ðə/ /ðiː/
b We also use when something is
unique (there is only one), with superlatives 10 Look at the questions from a general knowledge
or with the names of some places (e.g. oceans, quiz. Complete the questions with a/an or the
deserts, mountain ranges). where necessary. Then try to answer the questions.
c We use when we talk about
Around the world quiz
people or things in general, and with the
1 There is river between Brazil,
names of most places (e.g. continents,
Colombia, Peru and Ecuador.
countries, cities, lakes).
What is its name?
8 Read about two more ways to manage the 2 White House is in USA. Who
environment. Choose the correct option. lives there?
Choose – if no article is needed. 3 There’s natural satellite which goes
round Earth every day. What is it?
Ice towers 4 In 1997, Larry Page and Sergey Brin set up
In the spring and summer there is often a water global search engine. What is
shortage in 1 the / – Himalayan mountains. So its name?
during the winter, 2 a / – people make ice towers. 5 Arctic Ocean is smallest ocean
They put one end of 3 a / – long pipe into a river in the world. Which is largest?
high in the mountains and then they take the
other end of 4 a / the pipe down to a village. The
11 Check the quiz answers on page 155.
water comes out of the pipe and freezes in a
fountain to make 5 – / an ice tower in the village.
Then it melts in the spring so 6 a / – farmers can Writing and speaking my life
use it on their land.
12 You are going to write five more quiz questions.
Work in two pairs in a group of four.
Fog collectors Pair A: Turn to page 153 and follow the
7
The / – Atacama desert in 8 the / – Chile is one of instructions.
the driest parts of 9 a / the world. There is very little
rain, but there is fog, and fog contains 10 – / the Pair B: Turn to page 154 and follow the
water. To get this water, some scientists are trying instructions.
to collect the water in 11 the / a big net. 12 The / A
net catches drops of water, and it can collect
13 Work in your group. Ask and answer your
five questions. Find out which pair has the
between five and thirty litres of water per day.
best knowledge of the world.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR RUBBISH KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
my life For teaching purposes CHANGING
only. NotBEHAVIOUR
for sale. AN ONLINE ORDER 61
AN EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading the Plastiki • critical thinking close reading • word focus take • speaking changing behaviour

5c A boat made of bottles

Reading Word focus take
1 Look at these words from the article on page 63. 5 Find five expressions in the article with the
What do you think the article is about? word take. Match the expressions with the
uses (1–4).
boat   plastic bottles   recycle   sail   San Francisco   
Sydney   the Pacific Ocean take /teɪk/
1 transport: take a taxi
2 Read the article and check your ideas from Exercise 1. 2 daily routines: take a walk
3 length of time: take a few days
3 Complete the fact file with numbers about the Plastiki. 4 idioms: take time (to do something)

The Plastiki in 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form

facts& of take and these words.

a break   many days   care   a plane   time

Number of crew: 1 1 Most people take a plane from San

Francisco to Sydney so they don’t know
Number of bottles: 2 about the pollution in the ocean.
Length: 3 m 2 The journey across the Great Garbage Patch
Width: 4
m .
Weight: 5 kg 3 The work was tiring and the crew
sometimes needed to
Average speed: 6
knots
and relax.
Distance of journey: 7 km 4 The Pacific Ocean can be dangerous,
so everyone on the ship had to
Number of days at sea: 8
.
Cost to build: not known 5 For this kind of project, it’s important to
to plan things carefully.

Critical thinking close reading Speaking my life

4 Read the sentences (1–8). Choose the correct 7 Work in groups and discuss these questions.
option (A–C) for each sentence. 1 Do you think environmental projects like
A = The sentence is true. The information is in the Plastiki make a difference to people’s
the text. attitudes to rubbish? Will de Rothschild’s
B = The sentence is false. The information is in journey make people change their
the text. behaviour? Why? / Why not?
C = We don’t know if it’s true or false. The 2 In your country, does anyone (e.g. the
information isn’t in the text. government, the police, charities) try to
change people’s behaviour in these areas?
1 The Plastiki is made of the same material as • recycling more rubbish
other boats. • ​stopping smoking cigarettes
2 Nowadays, humans recycle most of their plastic • driving over the speed limit
bottles. • eating too much food
3 Plastic in the sea is killing animals. • anything else?
4 The boat doesn’t use renewable energy. The government tries to stop people smoking
5 The crew only ate vegetables for the whole cigarettes.
journey. 3 How do they try to do this? What are some
6 The size of the ‘Great Garbage Patch’ is growing. good ways to change people’s attitudes and
7 The journey took longer than de Rothschild behaviour? (e.g. TV advertising, making
planned. people pay a fine)
8 De Rothschild wants to sail the Plastiki again
one day.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
62 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 5 The environment

A BOAT
made of
40
BOTTLES
A boat with a difference Designing the Plastiki
The Plastiki looks similar to many other boats in Sydney As well as building the boat with recycled plastic, it was
harbour. It’s eighteen metres long, six metres wide and it important for him to make the boat environmentally friendly 30

weighs about twelve thousand kilogrammes. It carries a and user-friendly. The boat uses renewable energy such as
5 crew of six people and has an average speed of five knots. wind power and solar energy. The crew can make meals with
However, once you get near to the Plastiki you realize vegetables from the small garden at the back of the boat.
there’s a big difference. It’s made of twelve thousand five They can take a break from work and get some exercise by
hundred re-used plastic bottles. using the special exercise bicycle. The energy from the bike 35
provides power for the boat’s computers. And if anyone
How did the Plastiki begin? needs to take a shower, the boat’s shower uses saltwater
10 David de Rothschild is an environmentalist who has from the sea.
crossed Antarctica and explored the Ecuadorian Amazon.
One day he was reading some information about all the The journey
plastic in the seas and oceans. He couldn’t believe what De Rothschild sailed the Plastiki across the Pacific Ocean 40

he was reading. For example, humans throw away four from San Francisco to Sydney. That’s fifteen thousand
15 out of every five plastic bottles they use, and plastic three hundred and seventy-two kilometres. On the way,
rubbish causes about eighty per de Rothschild took the special boat through the ‘Great
cent of the pollution in the sea. Garbage Patch’. It is a huge area in the Pacific with 3.5 billion
In addition, scientists think that kilogrammes of rubbish.You can see every kind of human 45

around one million seabirds rubbish here: shoes, toys, bags, toothbrushes, but the worst
20 die every year from plastic problem is the plastic. It kills birds and sea life.
pollution. De Rothschild
decided he wanted to help
How well did the Plastiki survive
the fight against pollution in the journey?
the sea. To help more people The journey wasn’t always easy and de Rothschild and his 50

25 understand the problem, he crew had to take care during storms. There were giant
started building a boat made ocean waves and winds of over one hundred kilometres per
of plastic bottles. hour. The whole journey took one hundred and twenty nine
days. Originally, de Rothschild thought the boat could only
travel once, but it lasted so well that he is planning to sail it 55
again one day.

knot (n) /nɒt/ measurement of speed at sea (1 knot = 1.8 km/hr)

garbage (n) /ˈga:bɪdʒ/ (US Eng) rubbish (UK Eng)
patch (n) /paetʃ/ area

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

my life For teaching purposesCHANGING
YOUR RUBBISH BEHAVIOUR
KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
only. Not for sale. AN ONLINE ORDER    63
AN EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading a company website • real life phoning about an order • pronunciation sounding friendly

5d Online shopping
Reading 4 41 Look at the expressions for phoning
about an order. Then listen to the conversation
1 Do you normally go shopping or do you prefer again. Tick the sentences the customer service
shopping online? Why? assistant uses.

2 Read the website and email order. What did the

PHONING ABOUT AN ORDER
customer order? What is the problem?
Telephone expressions
Good morning. Can I help you?
WWW.TECOART.COM I’m calling about an order for a clock.
Can I put you on hold for a moment?
HOME MY ACCOUNT SHOPPING CART CHECKOUT Is there anything else I can help you with?

We have lots of different clocks and they are all made Talking about an order
from recycled computers! Do you have the order number?
Would you like to order a different product?
Would you like to cancel the order?
Would you like a refund?
Would you like confirmation by email?
Checking and clarifying
Is that A as in alpha?
Let me check.
So that’s F for Freddie?
That’s right.

Computer Hard Drive Apple iPod® Hard Drive

Clock with Circuit Board. Clock on a Circuit Board. 5 Pronunciation sounding friendly
£39.00 £35.00
a 42 Listen to the sentences from a telephone
conversation. Does the speaker sound friendly (F)
or unfriendly (U)?
Order number: 80531A Ms Jane Powell
Order Date: 20 March 90 North Lane 1 Good morning. Can I help you?
2 Can I put you on hold?
Thank you for your order. Unfortunately, the 3 Is that A as in alpha?
model you ordered is currently not available. We 4 I’m calling about an order.
expect delivery in seven days. We apologize for 5 Is there anything else I can help you with?
the delay. For further information about this order, 6 Do you have an order number?
speak to a customer service assistant on 555-01754.
b 43 Listen to the sentences again. This time they
Item Number Description Quantity Price are all friendly. Listen and repeat with a similar
HCV1N Hard drive clock 1 £39 friendly intonation.

6 Work in pairs. Practise two phone conversations

similar to the one in Exercise 3.
Real life phoning about an
order Student A: Turn to page 153 and follow the
instructions.
3 41 Jane Powell telephones customer services
about her order. Listen to the conversation. Student B: Turn to page 154 and follow the
Answer the questions. instructions.

1 What information does the customer service A: Good morning. Can I help you?
assistant ask for and check? B: Hello, I’m calling about some clothes I ordered.
2 Why does Jane want the clock quickly?
3 How much does the other clock cost?
4 What does Jane decide to do?
5 What will the customer service assistant
email her?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

64
my life
YOUR RUBBISH
Not for sale. AN ONLINE ORDER    
KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
CHANGING BEHAVIOUR
For teaching purposes only.
AN EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing emails • writing skill formal words Unit 5 The environment

5e Emails about an order

Writing emails 3 Writing skill formal words
1 Read the correspondence between a customer a The language in the emails in Exercise 1 is fairly
and a customer service assistant. Put the emails formal. Match the formal language in the emails to
in order (1–5). these less formal verbs and phrases (1–9).
1 get receive
A Dear M Cottrell 2 be happy
3 ask for
I would like to inform you that the e-book
4 give
reader you ordered is now in stock. I would
5 give back (money)
be delighted to deliver this item immediately.
6 help
Please reply to confirm you still require this
7 say sorry
item.
8 tell
Charlotte Lazarro 9 want

b Work in pairs. Make these sentences more formal.

B Dear Sir or Madam 1 I want my money back.
I recently ordered an ‘e-book reader’. However, 2 I’m writing to tell you that I didn’t get the
I received an email which said this was not delivery.
currently available. Please refund the money 3 Do you want any help?
back to my credit card. 4 Please give us your credit card details.
Yours sincerely 5 Sorry, but I can’t give you your money back.
Mr M Cottrell 4 Imagine you ordered a printer online two weeks
ago. You paid for delivery within 24 hours but it
hasn’t arrived. Write an email to the supplier and
C
Thanks, but I bought the same product at a
request a refund.
shop yesterday. Therefore, please cancel the 5 Work in pairs. Read your partner’s email. How
order and, as requested, send me my refund. formal is the language?
M Cottrell

D As requested here is the order number: 80531A

E
Dear M Cottrell
Thank you for your email. I apologize for the
difficulties with your order. In order for me
to provide you with the necessary assistance,
could you please send the order number?
Best regards
Charlotte Lazarro
Customer Service Assistant

2 Read the emails in Exercise 1 again. Underline any

phrases and expressions that ask for something or
give instructions.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

YOUR RUBBISH KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
my life For teaching purposesCHANGING BEHAVIOUR
only. Not for sale.AN ONLINE ORDER    65
AN EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 5f Recycling Cairo

Using Egypt’s greatest

natural resource on the
rooftops of Cairo

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

66 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 5 The environment

Before you watch While you watch

1 Key vocabulary 3 5.1 Watch the video. Were your predictions
in Exercise 2 correct?
Match these words with the pictures (1–6).
Two words have the same meaning and match 4 5.1 Watch the video again and answer the
one picture. questions.
1 How does the narrator describe the streets of
water tank   ​satellite dish   ​goat   ​trash   ​
Cairo?
solar panel   ​rooftop   ​garbage
2 How does he describe the rooftops of Cairo?
3 When did Cairo start to ‘go green’?
1 4
4 What is Thomas Culhane helping to do?
5 What is Egypt’s great natural resource?
6 When Culhane measures the temperature of
the water, how hot is it?
7 The new solar heaters provide hot water, so
what do they reduce?

After you watch

5 Vocabulary in context
5.2 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
2 5
6 Write a short summary of the video (about 100
words). Use these phrases.

People in Cairo use the rooftops for …

Thomas Culhane is helping some local
people to …
They make the solar water heaters out of …
The new heaters provide …
Culhane thinks the solar heaters
demonstrate that …

7 5.3 Work in pairs. You are going to be the

narrator on the video. Watch a shorter version of
3 6 the video with no sound. As the video plays, take
turns to read your summary to your partner.

8 In the video, Thomas Culhane says: ‘One man’s

garbage is another’s goldmine.’ Choose the correct
meaning (a–c) for this expression.
a Everyone thinks the rubbish is worth a lot of
money.
b Some people think the rubbish is useless but
other people think it’s very useful.
c You can sell the rubbish for a lot of money.

9 List some things that people often use and throw

away, which other people could recycle or reuse.
2 Work in pairs. You are going to watch a video
about using recycled objects in Cairo. What do figure out (v) to work something out, to solve a problem
you think is the connection between the words found materials materials we use every day and all around us
in Exercise 1? informal communities poorer areas of a city
garbage/trash US English for rubbish (British English)

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 67

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 5 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar 4 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Think of two more objects
for each material in Exercise 3.
1 Choose the correct options to complete the article
about recycling. 5 Look at the percentages in the article in Exercise 1.
Match the percentages to these phrases.

Recycling
around the
1
2
over three quarters
nearly a half

World 3
4
over a third
about two thirds
A new report looks at recycling in different
countries and what they can learn from each other. 6 ❯❯ MB Write the percentage of time you spend
doing these things each week. Then work in pairs.
Switzerland
Explain how you spend your time.
1
A / The Swiss have different types of recycling
bins and so local people only throw away 2 a little / • at work or at school
a few household items. For example, they recycle • sleeping
about 80% of their plastic bottles which is a lot • going out and meeting friends
higher than other countries in 3 – / the Europe. • cleaning your room or the house
USA • shopping
Overall 4 – / the USA doesn’t recycle as 5 many /
I spend over a third of my day at school.
much rubbish as a country like Switzerland but it’s
introduced 6 a lot of / any new projects in recent I CAN
years. This year it recycled 48% of its paper, 40%
talk about materials
of its plastic bottles and 65% of its cans.
talk about results and figures
Senegal
Senegal recycles 7 a few / a little of its waste
industrially, but people don’t throw away 8 any /
much items that they can use for something else.
Real life
For example, you can buy shoes made from old 7 Work in pairs. Practise making a telephone call
plastic bags and drinking cups made from tin about an order. Take the roles of someone who
cans. works for the company (A), and a customer (B).
Use these ideas.
2 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at the photos. Answer A: Hello. Can / help ?
the questions for each photo. B: calling / an order / a clock. It hasn’t arrived.
1 What is the name of this? A: Do / you / order number?
2 What is the purpose of it? B: It / AG-100234L
A: Sorry, can / repeat /?
B: Yes, it’s /
A: Let / check. Is / A / Alpha?
B: That’s correct.
A: Sorry, we don’t / this product anymore.
Would / change / order?
B: No. I’d like / refund.
A: That’s fine. Would / like confirmation / email?
B: Yes, please.
I CAN A: Is / anything else / can help you with?
use quantifiers and articles B: No / goodbye

8 Practise the conversation again, but this time

Vocabulary Student B closes their book. Then change roles.

3 What material are these objects made of? Match I CAN

the objects to the materials 1–6. phone about an order

book   ​bottle   ​calculator   ​can   ​envelope   ​
jar   ​magazine   ​mobile phone   ​radio   ​
1 cardboard 4 metal
2 electronics 5 paper
3 glass 6 plastic

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

68 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 6 Stages in life

Women chat on the station platform in

Winterthur, Switzerland.

F E AT U R E S 1 Work in pairs. The photo shows three generations of people.

Which words in the box describe their stage in life?
70 Changing your life
child   ​teenager   ​young adult   ​adult   
How one couple left their ​middle-aged   ​elderly
jobs for a life of adventure

72 World party 2 44 Listen to someone talking about the photo. Why does
the speaker like the photo?
Join in some of the world’s
biggest and most colourful 3 Look at these different life events. Answer the questions.
parties
get a pension   ​get your driving licence   
74 Coming of age ​go to college or university   ​get married   ​
learn to ride a bicycle   ​leave home   ​
A look at how different start a family   ​start your career   
societies celebrate ​retire from work   ​buy your first home
becoming an adult
1 At what age do people in your country do these things?
78 Steel drums 2 Do you think there is a correct time in your life to do
A video about the steel each one?
drums of Trinidad and
Tobago

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME PLANNING A CELEBRATION
EVENTS IN THE YEAR
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. AN INVITATION 69
A DESCRIPTION
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary describing age • reading how a couple changed their life • grammar to + infinitive •
pronunciation /tə/ • speaking the trip of a lifetime

6a Changing your life

Vocabulary describing age
1 In some countries it is rude to ask the question
‘How old are you?’ Is it rude to ask this question
in your country? What does it depend on?

2 We use the phrases in B to talk about general age,

e.g. He’s in his mid-twenties. Match the ages in A
with the phrases in B. Which words on page 69
also describe these ages?
A 25   ​14   ​83   ​39   ​53

B early teens   ​mid-twenties   ​fifties   
​late thirties   ​early eighties

3 Work in pairs. Think of five people you both

know (e.g. the leader of your country, a famous
celebrity). What age do you think they are?

Reading
4 Read the article on page 71 about Rich and
Amanda. What was their stage in life when they
left their jobs? Why did they decide to leave?

5 Read the article again and answer the questions.

1 Did they do anything fun at the weekends?
2 What did they realize they wanted to do?
3 Why did they buy a campervan?
4 Where did they plan to travel to by container 7 Read about three people’s future plans. Choose the
ship? correct options to complete the three texts. What is
5 What did colleagues find difficult to each person’s stage in life?
understand?
6 What did friends think they were crazy to do? ‘One day I plan 1 go / to go to university, but this
7 What did Rich and Amanda start to do after year I’m working in a supermarket 2 earn / to earn
they left home? some money. Then I’d 3 like / to like to travel round
the world for six months.’

Grammar to + infinitive
TO + INFINITIVE ‘I’m so happy 4 retire / to retire! Some people tell me
I should 5 relax / to relax at this stage in my life, but I
1 We intend to leave our jobs.
don’t want 6 sit / to sit at home doing nothing.’
2 Let’s buy a campervan to travel in.
3 It’s difficult to understand your decision.

For further information and practice, see page 166. ‘These days it’s really difficult 7 buy / to buy a house.
Me and my husband can’t 8 afford / to afford one, so
6 Look at the grammar box. Match the sentences we’re living with his parents and saving money 9 buy /
(1–3) with the different forms (a–c). to buy a place of our own. It’s hard 10 don’t feel / not
to feel unhappy about it.’
a a verb + to + infinitive
b an adjective + to + infinitive
c to + infinitive explains the purpose of an action

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

70 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 6 Stages in life

CHANGING
your life 45

R
ich and Amanda Ligato were professional people
with successful careers. Every week, they worked
hard. They always intended to do something fun and
exciting at the weekend but, in the end, there was never
time. One day they asked themselves, ‘Is this all there is?’

They realized that they wanted to stop working and to go

travelling. Or, as Rich said, ‘to buy our freedom’. But first
they needed to save some money. Every month they lived
on Rich’s salary and saved Amanda’s. Then they bought
a campervan to travel from the bottom of South America
to Brazil, and from there they hoped to get to Africa on a
container ship.

Colleagues at work found it difficult to understand their

decision. Even their closest friends thought they were crazy
to go on this kind of journey, but finally, the day came. They
left their home and started to live their dream.

8 Look at the correct options in Exercise 7. Which 11 Write your own sentences using the sentence
options use to + infinitive? Match them to the uses beginnings (1–6) in Exercise 9. Then work in pairs.
(a–c) in Exercise 6. Read out your sentences and compare your ideas.

9 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–6) with 1 One day I intend to start my own business.
the endings (a–f).
1 One day I intend to Speaking my life
2 I want to take a year off
12 Work in groups. You plan to take six months off
3 I’d be
from your job or your studies and have the trip
4 In the future, I’d like to learn
of a lifetime! Discuss the following questions and
5 When I get older, I
make notes about your plans. You can use the
6 These days, it’s difficult
world map on pages 6–7 to help your planning.
a hope to spend more time with my family.
• Which countries and continents do you plan to
b happy to live in another country.
visit?
c buy my own house.
• Why do you want to visit these places?
d not to take work home.
• What type of transport do you intend to use?
e to play a musical instrument.
• What do you hope to do in each place that
f to travel overseas.
you visit?
• What do you think will be easy to do on the
10 Pronunciation /tə/ trip? What do you think will be difficult to do?
46 Listen to the sentences from Exercise 9.
13 Present your ‘trip of a lifetime’ to the rest of the class.
Is to pronounced /tuː/ or /tə/? Listen again
and repeat. We plan to visit parts of Asia. First of all, we want to
visit Vietnam to see its beautiful and ancient places …

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME
PLANNING A CELEBRATION
my life For teaching purposes only.EVENTS
Not IN
forTHEsale.
YEAR AN INVITATION 71
A DESCRIPTION
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading and vocabulary celebrations • listening preparing for a festival • grammar future forms •
pronunciation contracted forms • speaking planning a celebration

6b World party

WORLD PARTY 47

People in different countries celebrate Mardi Gras with live music, costumes,
fireworks, parades and lots of good food. The most famous celebrations are
in New Orleans, Venice, Rio de Janeiro and Port-of-Spain.

New Orleans, USA Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Small parties for Mardi Gras began in the 1700s. By the 1800s The world-famous parades started in the mid-1800s,
they were huge events with masks, costumes and jazz bands. with decorated floats and thousands of people dancing
Visitors also have to try ‘king cake’ with its gold, purple and to samba. People eat a famous meat and bean stew
green decorations. called feijoada.
Venice, Italy Port-of-Spain, Trinidad
Mardi Gras is called Carnevale in this beautiful city. The first The French arrived here in the 18th century and
celebrations were in the 11th century and it is still a big brought Mardi Gras with them. Nowadays, everyone
celebration today. Visitors to the city can enjoy the costumes, enjoys the parties and concerts with the famous steel
candles and fireworks at night from a gondola in Venice’s canals. drums playing from morning to midnight.

Reading and vocabulary 3 Read the article. Match the sentences (1–6) with the four
places in the article.
celebrations
1 There were no Mardi Gras celebrations here before the
1 Which events do you celebrate in your mid-1800s.
country? When do you have parties? 2 It has the oldest celebration.
3 One type of food is decorated with different colours.
When a child is born, everyone in the family
4 One type of musical instrument is especially important.
comes to a big party.
5 One type of music is especially important.
2 Look at the first paragraph of the article. 6 People can travel to the party on a type of boat.
Why is the article called World party?
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
72 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 6 Stages in life

4 Find words in the article for these pictures. 9 Choose the correct option in these sentences.
1 A: Did Geoff email the times of the parade?
B: I don’t know. I’ll check / I’m checking my
inbox right away.
2 You’ll / You’re going to visit New Orleans! When
did you decide that?
3 A: Hey, this costume would look great on you.
1 2 3 B: Maybe. I’m trying / I’ll try it on.
4 One day when I’m older, I’m visiting / I’m going
to visit Venice.
5 A: What time will we meet / are we meeting
everyone for the parade?
B: At two in the main square.
6 A: What are we going to give / will we give Mark
for a present?
4 5 6 7
B: We planned to give him a new shirt and tie.
7 A: What time will you leave / are you leaving?
5 Work in groups. Describe your favourite festival or B: Straight after the firework display. I need to
celebration in your country. Answer these questions. go to bed early tonight.
• When and why did it begin?
• Is there any special food? 10 Pronunciation contracted forms
• Do people wear special costumes or masks?
49 Listen to sentences 1–4 in Exercise 9.
• Do people walk round the streets or ride on floats?
Notice how the contracted forms are pronounced.
• Do you have fireworks in the evenings?
Listen again and repeat.
• Is music important? What kind of music is there?
11 Complete the sentences with a future form of the
Listening verb.
1 At the end of this year I
6 48 Listen to a report about one of the celebrations in (leave) my job and write a book.
the article. Which celebration is it about? 2 What time we
(meet) everyone today?
7 48 Listen again. Answer the questions with Yes, No
3 A: My car won’t start and I’ve got a meeting at
or Don’t know (if the news report doesn’t say). nine!
1 Are a lot of people going to come? B: Don’t worry. I (take)
2 Is the woman riding on the float on her own? you in my car.
3 Is she wearing her mask when the interview starts? 4 Next year I (do) more
4 Does she think she’ll have a good time? exercise, but I’m not sure what kind of exercise.
5 The lesson (start) half an
hour later tonight, at eight o’clock.
Grammar future forms 6 We also need to get more food and drink for
FUTURE FORMS the party, so I (buy) that.
1 Are you going to be in the parade this afternoon?
2 Everyone is meeting at the float at six fifteen. Speaking my life
3 Interviewer: Do you have a mask?
Lorette: Sure. Here it is. I’ll put it on. 12 Work in groups. Imagine your town is going to be
five hundred years old. Have a town meeting to
For further information and practice, see page 166. plan and prepare the celebration. Discuss this list.
Decide what you would like to do and who is in
8 Look at the grammar box. Answer these questions. charge of organizing each thing.
a Which sentences (1–3) use these future forms: • type of celebration • type of place
the present continuous, will + infinitive, • type of food • date and time
be going to + infinitive. • type of music • anything else
b Which sentence is about a general plan or
A: So we’re going to have a party with fireworks! I’ll
future intention? (It was decided before the
buy the fireworks. What about the food?
conversation.)
B: I’ll buy the food!
c Which sentence is about a decision at the time of
speaking? 13 Present your final plans to the whole class.
d Which sentence is about an arrangement for a fixed Explain what you are going to do.
time, made before the conversation?
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
PLANNING A CELEBRATION
THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME
my life For teaching purposes only.EVENTS
Not IN
forTHEsale.
YEAR AN INVITATION 73
A DESCRIPTION
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading celebrating change • critical thinking analysing the writer’s view • word focus get •
speaking events in the year

6c Coming of age
Reading Critical thinking analysing the
1 Discuss these questions. writer’s view
1 At what age can people legally do these things 5 The three posts on the web page are by different
in your country? writers. Match the posts with these three ways of
looking at the topic (a–c). Underline the words that
drive a car   get married   buy cigarettes   
help you decide.
leave school   buy fireworks   
open a bank account a Historical view: The writer includes
information about the past.
2 At what age do you think teenagers become
b Social view: The writer includes information
adults?
about society and how it is changing.
3 Do you have special celebrations in your
c Economic view: The writer includes
country for young people as they become
information about money.
adults?
6 Work in pairs and compare your ideas.
2 Look at the photos and the title of the web page
on page 75. What do you think the expression
‘coming of age’ means? Read the introduction and Word focus get
check your ideas.
7 Look at the web page again and find four examples
3 Read the three posts about different coming-of-age of the word get. Match them with these meanings.
ceremonies. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
become   receive   start
1 The celebration of Quinceañera is common in
many different countries.
8 Read the description of a wedding. Match the uses
2 The writer thinks the Spanish introduced
of get (1–7) with the meanings (a–g).
coming-of-age celebrations to South America.
3 The Hamar bridegroom’s family must pay
Once the couple 1 get engaged, people start to
money to the wife’s family. 2
get ready for the big day! On the morning of
4 In Hamar culture, when the husband dies, the
the wedding, everyone 3 gets up early. Family and
wife gives her cows to the younger brothers.
friends sometimes have to travel long distances
5 In Japan, you have more legal rights when you
but it’s always a great chance for everyone to 4 get
are twenty.
together again. After the main ceremony, the couple
6 The attitudes of some young people to Seijin- 5
get a lot of presents. Nowadays, many couples go
no-Hi in Japan are changing.
abroad on their honeymoon so they leave to 6 get
4 These pairs of words are on the web page. Match their plane. When they 7 get back, they move into
the words with the definitions (a–b). their new home.
1 country / culture
a the way a group of people do things a become e receive
culture b catch f return
b an area of land with its own government c meet and socialize g start the day
country d prepare
2 celebration / ceremony
a a social event such as a party Speaking my life
b a traditional and formal event on a
special day 9 Choose one of these events and make notes about
3 bride / groom what happens in your country on this day. Then
a the man at a wedding work in pairs. Describe the day to your partner.
b the woman at a wedding Try to use the word get three times in your
4 legal rights / social traditions description.
a what the law allows you to do
b activities based on the past a birthday a religious day or period
New Year’s day your country’s national day
Valentine’s day another special occasion

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

74 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 6 Stages in life
50

COMING of
For some people, the age when you become an adult

AGE
is the age you learn to drive or leave your parents’ home.
It can also be when you get married, buy a house and
have children. Or perhaps it’s when you leave school
and get a job. Different cultures have their own ideas 5
and their own celebrations to symbolize coming of age.

Quinceañera
In Latin-American cultures, Quinceañera is a well-known
celebration for girls around their fifteenth birthday. Many
10 people believe the celebration started when the Spanish
first came to parts of the Caribbean, Central America and
South America. Of course, ancient tribes like the Inca,
Maya and the Aztecs probably had their own coming-of-age
ceremonies already, but the Spanish changed these to include
15 European features such as the Quinceañera waltz, which
was introduced in the 19th century by Emperor Maximilian
and his wife Carlota. This waltz between the teenage girl and
her father symbolizes her coming of age.

Cattle jumping
20 The whole economy of the Hamar tribe in southern Ethiopia
is based on traditional farming. The importance of farming
is seen in the coming-of-age ceremony in Hamar culture.
As part of the celebration, young men must jump over a line
of fifteen cows. They have to do this before they can marry.
25 After that, the man’s family chooses a wife and they have to
pay the bride’s family about thirty goats and twenty cows.
Sometimes the man will have to pay the family back over
his whole life. Because of the costs involved, Hamar men
are usually in their mid-thirties and the women aged about
30 seventeen when they marry. As a result, the husband often
dies many years before his wife, and traditionally, she then
gets financial control over the husband’s younger brothers’
money (if the parents are also dead) and all their cattle.

Seijin-no-Hi
35 The second Monday of January is a public holiday in
Japan. It’s a day when all twenty-year-olds are supposed
to celebrate their coming of age. It’s called Seijin-no-Hi
and the young men and women wear formal clothes and
attend ceremonies. Twenty is an important age in Japanese
40 society because you get several adult legal rights, such as
voting in elections. However, in recent years, the number of
young people celebrating Seijin-no-Hi has decreased. This is
partly because of Japan’s low birth rate, but maybe it’s also
because it’s too expensive and modern twenty-year-olds are
45 less interested in these kinds of social traditions.

economy (n) /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ the system of money and business in a society

feature (n) /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ a quality or important part of something
symbolize (v) /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ represent
tribe (n) /traɪb/ a group of people who live far away from towns and
cities and share the same language and culture
waltz (n) /wɔːls/ a traditional and formal dance

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME EVENTS IN THE YEAR
PLANNING A CELEBRATION
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. AN INVITATION 75
A DESCRIPTION
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 speaking formal and informal events • real life inviting, accepting and declining • pronunciation emphasizing words

6d An invitation
Speaking
1 Which of these events are very formal? Which are
less formal?

an end-of-course party    an engagement party   

a barbecue with family and friends   
a leaving party for a work colleague   
your grandfather’s ninetieth birthday party   
going out for dinner with a work client

Real life inviting, accepting and

declining
2 51 Listen to two conversations. Answer the 4 Pronunciation emphasizing words
questions.
a 52 Listen to these sentences. Underline the
Conversation 1 word with the main stress.
1 What event does Ian invite Abdullah to?
2 Why does Abdullah decline the invitation at 1 I’d love to.
first? 2 That would be wonderful.
3 How does Ian convince Abdullah to come? 3 It’s very nice of you to ask.
4 Does Abdullah need to get anything? 4 I’d like to, but I’m afraid I’m busy.

Conversation 2 b 52 Listen again and repeat the sentences with

5 When is Sally leaving? the same sentence stress.
6 Where does Joanna invite Sally?
7 Does Sally accept the invitation? 5 Work in pairs. Take turns to invite each other
8 Do you think this conversation is more or less to different formal and informal events from
formal than conversation 1? Why? Exercise 1. Think about how formal you need to
be. Practise accepting and declining.
3 51 Look at the expressions for inviting,
accepting and declining. Listen to the
conversations again. Tick the expressions the
speakers use. INVITE YOUR PARTNER TO AN EVENT

INVITING, ACCEPTING and DECLINING

Less formal More formal
Inviting ACCEPT DECLINE
Do you want to …? Would you like to
How about -ing? come …?
Why don’t you …? I’d like to invite you to /
take you to …
Accepting TRY TO CONVINCE
It sounds great/nice. I’d like that very much. YOUR PARTNER
Thanks, that would be That would be
great. wonderful.
OK. I’d love to.
Declining DECLINE
ACCEPT
Thanks, but … I’d like/love to, but I’m AGAIN
Sorry, I can’t. afraid I …
I’m … It’s very nice of you to
ask, but I … GIVE DETAILS OF THE
TIME AND PLACE

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME
PLANNING A CELEBRATION AN INVITATION
76
my life For teaching purposes only. EVENTS IN THE YEAR
Not for sale.
A DESCRIPTION
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing a description • writing skill descriptive adjectives Unit 6 Stages in life

6e A wedding in Madagascar
Writing a description 2 Writing skill descriptive adjectives
1 Read this post from a travel blog. Which of the a When you write about places or special events,
things in the box does the writer describe? it’s important to use interesting and very
descriptive adjectives. Match the highlighted
food and meals   ​clothes   ​festivals and ceremonies adjectives in the travel blog with these less
​nature and geographical features   ​people   ​ descriptive adjectives (1–4).
towns, cities and buildings   ​transport
1 big enormous ,
2 unhappy
3 nice beautiful , , ,

Celebrations 4 boring
IN MADAGASCAR WORDBUILDING synonyms
Some words have the same meaning, or a similar
meaning. These are called synonyms.
old = ancient, big = huge, boring = dull
Using synonyms can improve a description and make
it more interesting to read.

For further practice, see Workbook page 51.

b Work in pairs. Improve these sentences with more

descriptive adjectives. You can use words from
Exercise 2 or your own ideas.
beautiful ancient
1 Venice is a nice city with lots of old buildings.
2 In the USA, you can buy big burgers.
3 The parade was a bit boring after a while.
4 The crowd was happy because the nice
fireworks started.
5 All the costumes were nice.
6 I was very sad to leave Paris.
7 I tried sushi for the first time and it was
really good.
8 The view of the mountains was nice.
I was staying in Madagascar with a family and
they invited me to their daughter’s wedding. On c Work in pairs. Look at the topics in Exercise 1.
the big day, I arrived outside an enormous tent. Think of two or three interesting adjectives for
There was a zebu (a type of cow) at the entrance each one. Use a dictionary to help you. Then work
and it looked miserable. Inside the tent, there with another pair and compare your adjectives.
were beautiful decorations and over 300 excited food and meals – delicious, tasty, disgusting
relatives and guests were waiting for the bride
and groom to arrive. The women wore colourful 3 Choose one of these topics and write a short
dresses. The older men wore smart suits but the description (one paragraph) for the travel blog.
younger men were less formally dressed. I even
• a day you remember from a holiday
saw jeans and T-shirts. Finally, the ceremony
• your favourite place in the world
began with some very long and sometimes dull
• a special occasion in your life
speeches. But the crowd listened politely and
• a festival or celebration
sometimes they laughed and applauded. Finally,
it was dinner and I suddenly realized what the 4 Work in pairs. Read your partner’s description.
zebu was for. We ate from massive plates of Does he/she use interesting adjectives?
meat. I felt sad for the zebu but the meat was the
best part of the ceremony! It was delicious!

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME PLANNING A CELEBRATION
EVENTS IN THE YEAR
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. AN INVITATION 77
A DESCRIPTION
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 6f Steel drums

Steel drumming competition in Port of Spain

during Trinidad’s Carnival celebrations.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

78 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 6 Stages in life

Before you watch After you watch

1 Look at the photo on page 78 and discuss the 5 Vocabulary in context
questions.
a 6.2 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
1 What kind of musical instrument is the the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
woman playing?
2 How important is music in your country? b Complete the information about the Australian
3 Does your country have a traditional type of didgeridoo with these words.
music and musical instrument?
play   ​performers   ​backgrounds   ​goes back   ​
2 Key vocabulary escape

Read the sentences. The words in bold are used in

the video. Match the words with the definitions The didgeridoo is a musical instrument which
(a–e).
1
about 1,500 years. The instrument
is made from a long piece of wood with a hole
1 Before you can play a guitar, you have to down the middle. Aborigines of different tribes and
tune it. 2
play the didgeridoo; they don’t read
2 Young children are influenced by their parents. from music but 3 by ear. As you travel
3 Oil companies store and transport the oil in around Australia, you can’t 4 its famous
drums. sound and you’ll often see 5 playing
4 In some countries, smoking is banned in public the instrument at special Aboriginal celebrations
places. because it’s an important symbol of their culture.
5 The didgeridoo is a long wooden musical
instrument and it’s native to the aboriginal
people in Australia.
a comes from
b affected or changed
c round metal containers
d stopped (by law)
e change the sound of the instrument
so it sounds nice

While you watch

3 6.1 Watch the video. Number these things
in the order you see them.
a Beverley and Dove learn to play the drums.
b A steel band with children and adults playing
together.
c A person runs into the sea.
d Honey Boy with a drum.
e People sell food in the market.

4 6.1 Watch the video again and answer

the questions.
1 What are the islands of the Caribbean region 6 Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
famous for?
2 When did people invent this musical 1 Musical instruments can be important national
instrument? and cultural symbols. What are some other
3 Why did Trinidad have many oil drums? important symbols of your country or culture?
4 Where did the music come from? (e.g. your country’s flag)
5 Do most people here play by reading music? 2 Plan a short two-minute video about your
6 What is the name of the person who tunes country’s symbols. Which ones will you show
the drums? in the video? What will you say about them?
7 Who do you find in a ‘panyard’? (e.g. their history, how they are made, how
people use them)
3 Present your idea for the video to the class.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 79

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 6 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar 6 Complete the text about the Notting Hill Carnival
with these words.
1 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at these sentences
about the future. Can you explain the difference in costumes   ​decorations   ​drums   ​floats   ​
meaning between the different verb forms? parades

1 I’m going to study English at university.

2 I think I’ll study for my English test next.
3 I’m meeting my friend to study English
together.
4 I plan to study English at university.

2 Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1 We hope to / ’re going to visit my family this
weekend, but we aren’t sure yet.
2 A: I need someone to carry these books for me.
B: I ’m helping / ’ll help you!
3 It isn’t easy win / to win the lottery.
4 A: When are you going to / will you bring the
cake?
B: In a few minutes.
5 Rachel will have / is having a party tonight. She
arranged it months ago. Every year at the end of August, the London
neighbourhood of Notting Hill is full of colourful
3 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Tell each other about: 1
for the biggest carnival in Europe.
• your plans for this weekend. Over 40,000 volunteers help by putting up
• your future career intentions.
2
along the streets of West London
and welcoming over one million visitors to the
I CAN party. Many of them make and wear their own
use to + infinitive
3
. The Caribbean community of London
started the event in 1966. You’ll see many decorated
use different future forms
4
and hear loud music and traditional
steel 5 .
Vocabulary
4 Match the verbs in A with the words in B to make
I CAN
phrases
talk about age and the stages in life
A get   ​go   ​buy   ​learn   ​start talk about parties and celebrations

B to school   ​your own clothes   ​

a family   
​your first job   ​to drive Real life
7 Look at the sentences (1–4). Replace the words in
5 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at the phrases in bold with these phrases.
Exercise 4 and answer these questions.
1 What order do these things normally happen in I’d like you to   ​I’d like to   ​that sounds   
life? ​would you like
2 Which things have you done?
3 What age were you when you did them? (e.g. 1 Do you want to go for a coffee?
thirteen or early teens) 2 Why don’t you come with me to the cinema?
4 How did you feel at the time? 3 It’s nice of you to ask, but I’m out this evening.
5 When do you plan to do the other ones? 4 Thanks. That’d be great.

8 Work in pairs. Invite each other to do something

this week. Accept or decline the invitation.

I CAN
invite people and accept or decline invitations

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

80 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 7 Work

Woman working in a steel

factory in Pennsylvania, USA

F E AT U R E S 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo of a woman working in a

steel factory. Describe her job using some of these words.
82 Changes in
interesting   ​dangerous   ​physical   ​hard   ​boring   ​skilled   ​
Pennsylvania challenging   ​tiring
How the discovery of
natural gas changed 2 53 Listen to someone talking about the job in the photo.
people’s lives Choose the correct option.

84 X-ray photographer 1 She had a full-time / part-time job in a restaurant when she
left school.
Looking inside a place 2 She did some office / manual work for a construction company.
of work 3 At first, her job in the steel mill was low-paid / well-paid.
4 It’s easy / hard work with normal / long hours.
86 Twenty-first century 5 She works in a team / on her own.
cowboys
How similar is the
3 We often make words for jobs with two words, e.g. steel +
worker = steel worker. Make five jobs with words from A and B.
Hollywood cowboy to the
real thing? A hotel   ​sales   ​police   ​fashion   ​shop

90 My working life B ​assistant   ​

designer   ​
representative   ​
officer   ​
receptionist
A video of people talking
about their jobs 4 Work in pairs. Describe each job in Exercise 3 with words from
Exercise 1. Which of the jobs would you enjoy doing? Which
wouldn’t you enjoy? Give reasons.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PAST EXPERIENCES GIVING DIRECTIONS
JOB SATISFACTION A JOB INTERVIEW 81
my life A CV
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary jobs • reading changes in working life • grammar present perfect and past simple •
grammar present perfect with for and since

7a Changes in Pennsylvania
Vocabulary jobs 3 Make jobs from these words using the suffixes
from Exercise 1.
1 In the UK, some jobs are difficult to fill because
there aren’t enough people qualified to do them. farm   ​economics   ​science   ​drive   ​politics   ​
Work in pairs. Look at these jobs. Which five build   ​train
jobs do you think are difficult to fill? Check your
answers on page 155.
Reading
accountant   ​chef   ​computer programmer   ​
electrician   ​engineer   ​journalist    4 Read the article about people living and working
​marketing manager   ​nurse   ​shop assistant   ​ in Pennsylvania. Match the jobs (1–3) with the
teacher   ​waiter people in the article.
1 businessman
2 trainee driver
WORDBUILDING suffixes in job words
3 farmer
We often make words for jobs by adding suffixes to
verbs and nouns. 5 Read the article again and answer the questions.
verb + suffix: teach – teacher
noun + suffix: journal – journalist 1 When did the first energy company discover
Some job titles do not use a suffix: chef, nurse, etc. natural gas in Pennsylvania?
2 What does Donald get from the energy
For further practice, see Workbook page 59. company?
3 What job does Lee want to get?
2 Look at the wordbuilding box. Underline the 4 What training is she doing?
suffixes in the jobs in Exercise 1. 5 What kind of company does Paul run?
6 Why is Paul’s business ‘looking good’?
54

WHEN
JOBS
CAME TO PENNSYLVANIA
In 2004, an energy company discovered gas
under the ground in the State of Pennsylvania
in the USA. Now there are lots of energy
companies in Pennsylvania and many
people’s lives have changed.

Donald Roessler lives on a farm. He Lee hasn’t had a job since she Paul Battista has run his
has lived there for most of his life, but lost her old job at a bottle factory. company selling construction
he hasn’t made much money from it. But recently, a lot of the energy equipment for about thirty-five
Two years ago, however, an energy companies have employed new years. He’s had some bad times,
company wanted the gas under his drivers, so now she’s learning to but since they discovered natural
farm. Now they pay Donald a regular drive trucks. gas, Paul’s profits have increased
monthly income for the energy. and business is looking good.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
82 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 7 Work

Grammar present perfect and 9 You are going to listen to an interview with
a scientist for a natural gas company. Write
past simple questions to ask about his life. Use the present
perfect or the past simple.
PRESENT PERFECT and PAST SIMPLE
1 In 2004, an energy company discovered gas under
1 how long / work / for your company?
the ground. How long have you worked for your company?
2 Many people’s lives have changed. 2 when / you / go to college?
3 Donald Roessler has lived on his farm for most of his 3 you / always / live / in Pennsylvania?
life, but he hasn’t made much money from it. 4 when / you / move back here?
5 you / ever / work / overseas?
For further information and practice, see page 168.
6 it / be / easy living here?

6 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. 10 55 Listen to the interview. Check your
Underline the verb in the past simple and circle questions from Exercise 9 and write the
the verbs in the present perfect. Then choose the scientist’s answers.
correct option in these sentences (a–c).
a If we say when something happened, we use the Grammar present perfect with
past simple / present perfect. for and since
b If we don’t know or don’t say when something
happened, we use the past simple / present perfect. PRESENT PERFECT with FOR and SINCE
c For something that started in the past and
Journalist: How long have you worked for your company?
continues now, we use the past simple / Scientist: For five years. Since I left college.
present perfect.
For further information and practice, see page 168.
7 Underline other verbs in the article in the present
perfect (have / has + past participle). Write the past
11 Look at the grammar box. Read the scientist’s
participles in the correct category.
answer to the question and complete this sentence
• Regular past participles: with for and since.
changed, lived
We use 1 and a point in time (e.g.
• Irregular past participles:
2015, yesterday) and we use 2 and a
made
period of time (e.g. ten minutes, six months).
8 Read about an engineer in Pennsylvania. Choose 12 Complete the phrases with for or since.
the correct options.
1 2008
1
I’ve gone / I went to university when I was nineteen 2 two weeks
and 2 I qualified / I’ve qualified as an engineer about 3 six days
four years later. Now I live here in Pennsylvania with 4 one o’clock
my wife and children, but we 3 haven’t lived / didn’t 5 I started work
live here very long. 4 I’ve worked / I worked in six 6 1st January
other places and last year 5 I’ve spent / I spent three 7 24 hours
months working overseas. But now I think we’ll stay 8 I was ten
in Pennsylvania. 6 It’s been / It was good for us living
here. At first some of the local people 7 haven’t been /
weren’t friendly because they were worried
Speaking my life

about the local environment, but the natural gas 13 Work in pairs. Practise asking and answering
industry 8 has created / created new jobs and questions about these topics using the present
9
has improved / improved the local economy, so perfect and past simple.
things are better now.
current job / studies   ​where you live   ​travel   ​
languages   ​people you know   
​interests / hobbies

A: Have you ever studied Chinese?

B: No, I haven’t, but I study Arabic.
A: Really? How long have you studied it?
B: For about three years.
A: Why did you want to learn Arabic?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PAST EXPERIENCES GIVING DIRECTIONS
JOB SATISFACTION
my life For teaching purposes only. Not forA JOB INTERVIEW
sale. 83
A CV
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary parts of a building • listening phone calls in an office • grammar prepositions of place and movement •
pronounciation intrusive /w/ • speaking giving directions

7b X-ray photographer
Nick Veasey is a
photographer who
works with X-rays. Nick
likes taking photos
showing the inside
of people, buildings,
flowers and everyday
objects. This photo of
an office building was
made by taking a series
of X-ray photographs
and putting them
together in one picture.

Vocabulary parts of a building 4 I work on the . Walk down the

and my office is on the left.
1 Look at the photo and read about the 5 When the isn’t working, we
photographer. Answer the questions. have to walk up the .
6 In case of a fire, leave the building by this
1 What type of photography is it?
.
2 How did Nick make this photo?
7 I normally have my lunch in the
3 Do you like this kind of photography?
or I go out to the café down the road.
2 Complete the sentences (1–8) with these parts of 8 You can get more paper from the
an office building. below the ground floor.

basement   ​canteen   ​corridor   ​emergency exit   ​ 3 Work in pairs. Think about the building you are
entrance   ​ground floor   ​lift   ​office   ​ in now. Which parts from Exercise 2 are in your
reception   ​stairs   ​ building?

4 Look at the photo of the office building again.

1 I work in an office on the second floor.
With your partner, describe different parts of the
2 You can park your car outside the
building and say what the people are doing there.
to the building.
3 Speak to the person at when On the ground floor, someone is fixing the photocopier.
you arrive.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
84 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 7 Work

Listening 4 Wait at / on reception and I’ll come and meet

you.
5 56 Listen to two telephone conversations with 5 When you go past / through a post box, can you
people who work in the building in the photo. post this letter for me?
Answer the questions. 6 The canteen is opposite / between the main
building.
Conversation 1
7 Go along / on the corridor and my office is at / on
1 Where is Geoff calling from?
the left.
2 Where is Kristina sitting on the photo?
8 Park your car on the left and walk across / out of
3 Where is the price list?
the road to the building opposite.
Conversation 2
4 Why is the woman visiting the building? 9 Complete the messages with these prepositions.
5 Where is Richard’s office on the photo?
at   ​down   ​in   ​into   ​next to   ​on   ​
6 56 Listen again and write in the missing through   ​up   ​
prepositions.
1 I’m home but I’m about to leave Let’s meet 1 the coffee area at 11. It’s
for a meeting. the room 2 the top of the building. See
2 Is it your desk? you there.
3 I think it’s my computer.
4 Maybe I left it one of the drawers
you. Can you fix my printer for me? My office is
5 Try the top drawer the left.
3
the third floor. The printer is 4
6 I’m standing the entrance to the my desk.
building.
7 You need to come the entrance.
8 Go the third floor. The lift is out of order today so please go
9 Go the door on your right and the
5
the reception area to the fire exit and
photocopying room is there. walk 6 the emergency stairs.
10 My office is it.

We got 7 the lift on the fifth floor and

Grammar prepositions of place now it won’t go 8 to reception. Please
and movement help!

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND MOVEMENT

Prepositions of place 10 Pronunciation intrusive /w/
It’s opposite the door.
It’s on the third floor. 57 Sometimes when a word ends in a vowel
It’s at the top of the building. and the next verb starts in a vowel, we add the /w/
Prepositions of movement sound. Listen and repeat these examples with go +
Go down to the basement. preposition.
Come up the stairs. 1 go /w/ in 4 go /w/ into
Walk out of the building.
2 go /w/ on 5 go /w/ up
Note: prepositions of movement follow verbs of
3 go /w/ out 6 go /w/ across
movement (e.g. go, come, walk)

For further information and practice, see page 168.

Speaking my life

7 Look at the grammar box. Then look at the 11 Work in pairs. Take turns to give directions from
sentences in Exercise 6. Which sentences have where you are now to these parts of the building.
prepositions of place? Which have prepositions of Listen to your partner and name the part of the
movement? building.

8 Choose the correct option. the lifts or stairs   ​your favourite café   

​the toilets   ​another classroom/office   ​
1 There’s coffee on / in the table. Help yourself.
the reception area
2 You need to go up / down these stairs to get to the
basement.
3 I need some fresh air. Let’s go inside / outside for
a walk.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PAST EXPERIENCES GIVING DIRECTIONS
JOB SATISFACTION
my life For teaching purposes only. Not forA JOB INTERVIEW
sale. 85
A CV
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading a traditional job • critical thinking analysing comparisons in a text • word focus make or do •
speaking job satisfaction

7c Twenty-first century cowboys

Reading Word focus make or do
1 Look at the photo. What is a cowboy? Which 5 Find phrases in paragraphs 2 and 4 with make or do
country is most famous for cowboys? and complete these phrases.

2 Read the article on page 87. Which sentence (1–3) 1 a job

best summarizes the article? 2 breakfast
3 a call
1 How modern cowboys really live and work. 4 money
2 The truth about Hollywood cowboys. 5 something different
3 Why people don’t want to be cowboys
anymore. 6 Complete these phrases with make or do.
Use a dictionary to help you, if necessary.
3 Read the article again. Choose the correct option
(a–c) to complete these sentences. 1 your homework
2 a mistake
1 The writer explains that real life as a cowboy is: 3 a decision
a like a Hollywood actor. 4 someone a favour
b adventurous and romantic. 5 well at work/school
c hard work and not well-paid. 6 your bed
2 Modern cowboys spend a lot of time: 7 a noise
a outside on their own. 8 work
b meeting people.
c on the phone. 7 Work in pairs. Ask your partner three questions
3 Blaine and Tyrel Tucker grew up: using phrases with make and do.
a on a ranch.
What kind of job do you want to do in the future?
b in the city.
Is it important to make a lot of money?
c in different places.
4 People like Pat Crisswell become cowboys for:
a the long holidays. Speaking my life
b the salary.
c job satisfaction. 8 Read the last sentence of the article again. Do you
think Pat Crisswell was crazy to give up his job in
the city, or do you think job satisfaction is more
Critical thinking analysing important than money?
comparisons in a text 9 When you look for a job, what things on this
4 The aim of the writer is to help us understand list are most important? Put the items in order
the life of a modern cowboy. He uses several of importance from 1 to 8 (1 = most important,
comparisons to do this. Look at the pairs of ideas 8 = least important).
(1–4). Write words and phrases from the article • learning new skills
that describe each idea, and decide if the two ideas • a good salary
are similar or different. • working with a team of people
1 a the cowboy in the Hollywood films freedom, • making your own decisions
adventure, romantic image • getting regular promotion
b the real life of a cowboy hard, dangerous, • working outdoors
physical, long hours, low pay • opportunities to travel to different places
The two ideas are very different • long holidays
2 a the life of a cowboy in the past
b the life of the modern cowboy 10 Work in groups. Tell the rest of the group your
3 a cowboys like Blaine and Tyrel order and explain why.
b cowboys like Pat Crisswell I think working with a team is important because it’s
4 a the advantages of an office job in the city more interesting than working on your own.
b the advantages of working as a cowboy

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

86 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 7 Work

TWENTY-FIRST
century
58
COWBOYS
Cowboys have lived and worked in the west and south- the famous hat and boots. They prefer the traditional
west of the United States for over three centuries and they 30 cowboy culture: ‘It’s a real life about you, your horse and
are a famous symbol of the USA. When you watch those the open country.’ Last winter, they looked after 2,300
old Hollywood cowboy films from the fifties and sixties, you cows. Every day from December until April, they rode
5 don’t see a job; you see a life of freedom and adventure. across nearly 100,000 acres of land with only the cattle
It’s a romantic image which we love to believe in. However, and the horses for company.
the real job of an American cowboy has always been hard
35 Unlike Blaine and Tyrel, some people choose the job
and sometimes dangerous; it’s physical with long hours and
later in life. Pat Crisswell had an office job with the US
low pay.
government. He made good money, but he didn’t like
10 No one knows exactly how many people still do the job city life and spending all day inside. He wanted to do
of a cowboy in the twenty-first century, but the number something different. So one day, he gave up his job and
is probably between ten and fifty thousand. Life hasn’t 40 moved to a ranch in Texas, earning much less money
changed much for cowboys since the early days. The cattle as a cowboy. He remembers his work colleagues in the
walk across huge plains to eat the grass and the cowboy city on the day he left. They all thought Pat was crazy,
15 rides on his horse to bring them home. Like the cowboys but he wanted job satisfaction. And for a cowboy,
of the past, a twenty-first century cowboy still gets up early job satisfaction doesn’t come from the money or a
on freezing cold mornings and makes breakfast over a fire. 45 comfortable office; it comes from being free to wake up
He can’t take days or weekends off and there is no paid under the sky and being your own boss.
holiday. And when you are in the middle of nowhere, your
20 mobile phone doesn’t work, so you can’t make a call to
family or friends when you feel lonely.
acre (n) /ˈeɪkə(r)/ measurement of land
So why does a man – because it is usually a man – become good money /gʊdˈmʌni/ expression meaning ‘a lot of
a cowboy? For some, it isn’t a choice, because they are money’ or ‘well-paid’
born into the life; men like Blaine and Tyrel. They are middle of nowhere /ˈmɪd(ə)l əv ˈnəʊweə(r)/ informal
25 brothers and have worked with cows since they were expression meaning a place far away from a town, city
children. Their mother had a ranch and they rode a horse or other people
before they could walk. Both Blaine and Tyrel have large plain (n) /pleɪn/ grassy areas of open land
moustaches and wear traditional cowboy clothes with ranch (n) /ra:ntʃ/ large farm for cattle, horses or sheep

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PAST EXPERIENCES JOB SATISFACTION
GIVING DIRECTIONS
my life For teaching purposes only. Not forA JOB INTERVIEW
sale. 87
A CV
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary job adverts • real life a job interview

7d A job interview
Vocabulary job adverts 5 59 Listen again and complete these questions
from the interview. Then match five questions with
1 Look at the job advert. Answer the questions. the categories in bold in the box below.
1 When does the restaurant need people? 1 long have you been in England?
2 Would you apply for this kind of job? Why? / 2 do you want this job?
Why not? 3 did you like about your last job?
4 did you deal with any difficult
situations?
Enzo’s PIZZA 5
6
you have any questions for me?
you give me more information
about that?

WAITERS AND KITCHEN A JOB INTERVIEW

STAFF TO START TODAY! Your current life and job
Full-time and part-time positions available. What are you doing at the moment?
Experience is not Tell me about your current job.
essential as we will Reasons for applying
provide training. Can you tell me your reasons for applying for this job?
Why have you applied for this job?
To apply, come in and
Past experience and qualifications
speak to the manager
Have you worked in a restaurant before?
with your CV and
What qualifications do you have?
contact details.
Questions for the interviewer
What are the typical hours?
Can you tell me the salary?

2 Find words in the advert with these meanings.

6 Work in pairs. Look at the job advert. You are
1 people who work for a business or company going to practise an interview for this job.
2 formal word for ‘jobs’ with a company
3 necessary or needed
4 formal word for ‘give’
5 ask for something, e.g. a job, by writing or
BABAM SPORTSWEAR
filling in a form
6 abbreviation meaning Curriculum Vitae (with
information about you, your qualifications and SHOP ASSISTANTS WANTED IN
experience) BUSY SPORTSWEAR SHOP
7 information including name, phone number Full-time and part-time positions available.
and address
Experience is not essential. Must be friendly,
polite and good with people. Training provided.
Real life a job interview
To apply, email your CV
3 59 Hania applied for the job in the advert in and contact details to
Exercise 1. Listen to parts of her interview with the [email protected]
manager. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 The interviewer has read her CV.
Student A: You are the manager at the shop.
2 Hania has another job at the moment.
You have five minutes to prepare questions.
3 She wants a full-time job at the restaurant.
4 She liked her last job because of the customers. Student B: You have applied for the job of shop
5 Hania doesn’t ask any questions. assistant. Think about answers for any questions
6 The manager doesn’t think she needs much the interviewer might ask you and prepare a
training. question to ask the manager.
4 Do you think Hania is a good person for the job? When you are both ready, begin the interview.
Why? / Why not?
7 Change roles and repeat the interview.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
88 PAST EXPERIENCES GIVING DIRECTIONS
JOB SATISFACTION A JOB INTERVIEW
my life A CV
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing a CV • writing skill missing out words in CVs Unit 7 Work

7e Applying for a job

Writing a CV 2 How similar is a CV in your country?
Would you use these headings? Would
1 Complete the CV with these headings. you add any other information?

Address   ​Date of birth   ​Education   ​Home telephone   ​ 3 Writing skill missing out words

Interests   References   ​Skills   ​Work experience in CVs
a Compare these full sentences with the
sentences in bold from a CV. Which words
are missing in the CV sentences? Which
verb forms do the CV sentences use?
1 I am working part-time in a restaurant.
Working part-time in a restaurant.
2 I’ve worked in a four-star hotel in France.
 Have worked in four-star hotel in
France.
3 I had to meet guests at reception.
Met guests at reception.

b Underline the sentences in the CV

starting with verb forms. How would you
normally write each sentence?
Curriculum Vitae c Rewrite these sentences for a CV.
Aldo Peterson
1 I am studying mathematics at
Nationality Swiss and British
university.
1
17 September, 1992
Studying mathematics at university.
2
Flat 3A, 85 Cadogan 2 I made pizzas in the student cafeteria.
Gardens, London SW1
3 I’ve competed in athletics competitions
Email [email protected] for my school.
3
0207 685 74653 4 I had to train new employees.
Mobile 07759 856 746 5 I am learning to play the drums.
4 6 I’ve given presentations to large groups
2013–2014 MA in Events Management, London College of of people.
Catering and Hotel Management
2010–2013 BSc in Geography and Economics, London
4 Think about what you are currently doing
University (e.g. what job you are doing or where you
5
are studying) and your past work and
studies (e.g. what you did or have done).
Current position: Assistant manager: Helping the general manager,
managing staff Write six sentences for your CV.
2014–2016 Hotel receptionist: Checked in guests, worked in
a large team, translated hotel correspondence in
5 Now write your complete CV.
French, German and English.
Summer 2013 Group team leader on summer camp in the USA:
6 Work in pairs. Exchange CVs. Use these
planned activities for groups of teenagers and questions to check your partner’s CV.
organized the schedule. • Does it have clear headings?
6 • Does it use present and past
Languages: English and German (bilingual), French (fluent) participles?
Computing: Word, Excel, web design
7

Captain of local hockey team, did most winter sports, acted in

student theatre productions
8

Dr Giles McFadden, Dept of Hotel Management, 15 Given Street,

London
Alessandra Delfs, Mattenstr. 7, Reinach, 4153, Switzerland

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PAST EXPERIENCES GIVING DIRECTIONS
JOB SATISFACTION A JOB INTERVIEW 89
my life A CV
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 7f My working life

These Italian actors are working in Istanbul, Turkey.

They are performing Romeo and Juliet.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

90 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved

Life 2e_Pre-Int SB_4p.indd 90 25/07/2017 10:37

 Unit 7 Work

Before you watch While you watch

1 Key vocabulary 3 7.1 Watch the video and check your ideas from
Exercise 2.
Read the sentences. The words and phrases
in bold are used in the video. Match the 4 7.1 Watch the three people in the video again and
words to the definitions (a–f). complete the notes to answer the three questions.

1 I only buy organic food from What’s your What do you like Is there anything
supermarkets. typical working about the job? you don’t like
2 We set up our market stall at seven in day? about the job?
the morning.
1 7.30 • meet different • long
3 The positive parts of my job outweigh 1
people 4
the negatives.
12.00 Lunch • good • the weather
4 I like the variety in my job. Every day is
3.00 3
(when it rains)
different. 2
•good for the
5 When you have a party, you can bring
environment
together all your friends in one place.
2 4.00 teach at • sharing my culture • paperwork and
a prepare
pupil’s houses • bringing marking can be
b produced on farms which use no
6.30–8.30 6
boring
chemicals 5
together • 7
c are more important than
can be tiring
d when something has different parts so
you don’t always do the same thing 3 sometimes • the 8 • long hours
e a place for selling things outside start first thing – no two days are • travel
f have everyone in the same place in the morning the same • 10

and finish at • working as a isn’t great
2 You are going to watch three people talking
midnight 9
about their jobs. Before you watch, look at the
photos and descriptions (1–3), and predict • sense of
which person says each sentence (a–f). achievement

1 2 3
5 7.1 Work in groups and compare your notes. Then
watch the video again to check your answers.

After you watch

6 7.2 Vocabulary in context

1 Katy has a market stall and sells organic Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning
fruit and vegetables. of the words and phrases.
2 Virginia is a language teacher.
3 Marcus is an actor. 7 Complete these sentences about your job or a job you know
about. Then tell your partner about the job.
a ‘At the moment I’m in a play
called Romeo and Juliet by William 1 The job involves …
Shakespeare.’ – Marcus 2 A typical day starts at … and finishes at …
b ‘I always have to work at the weekends.’ 3 Overall, the positive parts of the job outweigh the
c ‘I like sharing my culture with other negatives because …
people.’ 8 Which of the three jobs in the video would you prefer?
d ‘I enjoy working with other people and Tell the class your reasons.
working in a team.’
e ‘Sometimes the weather can be bad
because it rains.’
f ‘It’s a fun job and I enjoy it very much.’

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 91

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved

85704_01_P01_p009-155.indd 91 9/3/2019 10:05:54 AM

 Unit 7 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar 6 Complete the text about the balloon seller with the
correct form of make or do.
1 Complete the questions with the present perfect or
past simple form of the verbs.
A: How long 1 you
(work) here?
B: About three years. I 2 (join) the
newspaper when I left university.
A: So, 3 you always
(want) to be a journalist?
B: Not particularly. But when I 4 (be)
young, I wrote stories.
A: What 5 you (study)
at university?
B: Spanish.
A: 6 you ever (live) in
Spain?
B: No, but I 7 (spend) a summer in
Argentina.
A: Really? That sounds great!

2 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Explain why you used the

present perfect or the past simple in Exercise 1. Nguyen 1 two jobs. During the day he
sells balloons and in the evening he 2
3 ❯❯ MB Write three questions starting How long money by working in a restaurant. He helps to
have you …? Then ask and answer your questions 3
food in the kitchen. He works long
with your partner. Use since or for in your answers. days, but he is saving so he can complete his studies.
If he 4 well at college, he can go to
4 Complete the sentences with these prepositions. university.
across   ​at   ​in   ​on   ​opposite   ​through
7 Work in pairs. Look at the photo of the balloon
1 Walk to the other side of the car seller. Do you think he enjoys this job?
park and the factory is there. Why? / Why not?
2 Can you pass me that book the
shelf? I CAN
3 I think Paulo is the basement. talk about jobs and places of work
4 Go those doors at the end and the
photocopier is there.
5 The cafeteria is the top of the Real life
building on the fifth floor.
6 We sit each other in the office.
8 Match these questions at a job interview (1–5) with
the responses (a–e).
I CAN
1 Why have you applied for this job?
use the present perfect and the past simple 2 What are you doing at the moment?
use prepositions of place and movement 3 Have you worked in a hotel before?
4 What do you like about your current job?
5 Do you have any questions for me?
Vocabulary
a Meeting different people.
5 ❯❯ MB Can you remember the missing part of b No, but I have experience with customers.
these compound nouns from Unit 7? c So I can use my language skills.
d Yes, just one …
1 sales r epresentative
e I’m working at a café in the city centre.
2 fashion d
3 shop a 9 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Take turns to ask the
4 reception a questions in Exercise 8 and respond with your
5 c programmer own answers.
6 e exit
7 marketing m I CAN
8 ground f ask and answer questions about a job
9 contact d
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
92 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 8 Technology

Robots and humans

working together

F E AT U R E S 1 Look at the photo and the caption. How do you think the robot
and the humans are ‘working together’? In what other ways
94 Mobile technology do robots work with humans?
How technology is 2 60 Listen to someone talking about the importance of
changing the world technology in our lives. Answer the questions.

96 Invention for the eyes 1 How does technology help us in our everyday lives?
2 Why does technology sometimes make mistakes?
An inventor finds a 3 Where does the robot in the photo work? What does it do?
solution to make the
whole world see 3 Look at this list of human actions. Which can robots do?
98 Designs from nature fall in love   ​get bored   ​get hungry   ​have new ideas   ​
make decisions   ​make mistakes   ​sleep   ​solve problems   ​
What we can learn from
speak a language   ​understand instructions   ​
plants and animals

102 Ancient languages, 4 What simple or repetitive jobs do you do at work, at school
or at home? Which of these jobs could you give to a robot in
modern technology
the future?
A video about how
technology can save
ancient languages

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PLANNING A TRIP A NEW INVENTION
FAVOURITE TECHNOLOGY HOW SOMETHING WORKS 93
my life For teaching purposes
USEFUL TECHNOLOGY
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary internet verbs • reading an explorer’s blog • grammar zero and first conditional •
speaking planning a trip

8a Mobile technology
Vocabulary internet verbs
www.kamchatkaproject.org/blog
1 Think about how you have used the internet in the
last 24 hours. Why have you used it? List the reasons.
Then work in pairs and compare your lists. kamchatka
to find out information on train times, to check my email, project
to get directions 61
Posted July 15, 2:55 PM
2 Complete the sentences with these verbs.
After travelling through three international
connect   ​download   ​log in   ​play   ​search   ​ airports and nineteen time zones, we are here at
set up   ​subscribe   ​upload   write last! We are at the beginning of the Karimskaya
River in the region of Kamchatka. It’s the middle
1 To set up a new online account, type in your of nowhere, but I’ve got a signal on my phone.
personal details and click ‘enter’. It’s a sunny afternoon and if the weather stays
2 I don’t buy CDs anymore. It’s much easier to the same for the next few days, everything will
music. go well.
3 I a weekly blog with all my family’s
Posted July 16, 8:05 AM
news.
4 A lot of my friends online games, but We had a good night’s sleep and are about to
I find them a bit boring. cook breakfast. I’ve already connected to the
5 When I need to find information, I the internet and checked my emails. It’s funny to
internet. think that in the past, explorers couldn’t share
6 I to a daily podcast which gives me all their news until months after the trip. Nowadays,
the latest news. if anything interesting happens, explorers blog
7 My friends and family their photos about it before breakfast!
and share them on social networking sites.
Posted July 18, 7:20 PM
8 I use online banking because it’s so easy. You just
with a password and your account Twitter and Facebook are great if you have a
details. problem. We were working in a forest today
9 There’s no wifi here, so I can’t to the and someone in our group touched a strange
internet. plant. Suddenly his skin became red, hot and
painful. I posted a photo of the plant on Twitter
3 Which of the sentences in Exercise 2 are true for you? and asked for advice. Minutes later I got a reply
Change any sentences which are not true or give more from someone who knows this region well. ‘It’s
details. a pushki plant. It won’t kill you if you touch one,
I write a blog, but I don’t write about my family. I talk but it will hurt!’
about what my friends and I like doing.

Reading
4 Read the blog. Who do you think wrote it? Why did
the person write it?

5 Read the blog again and choose the correct option

in these sentences.
1 The team had an easy / a hard journey to the
Karimskaya River.
2 The weather was good / terrible when they arrived.
3 The blogger says that communication was fairly
similar / very different for explorers in the past.
4 She thinks social media is a waste of time / useful for
modern explorers.
5 The writer / Someone else touched a strange plant.
6 The writer got a message from a person she knew /
didn’t know.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
94 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 8 Technology

Grammar zero and first 6 I can’t buy food if the supermarket

(not / be) open.
conditional 7 You (ring) this number if you
have any questions.
ZERO and FIRST CONDITIONAL 8 If you don’t try harder, you
Zero conditional (not pass) your exam.
Twitter and Facebook are great if you have a problem.
If anything interesting happens, explorers blog about it
before breakfast! Speaking my life
First conditional 9 Have you ever been on a camping trip? What did
If the weather stays the same, everything will go well. you take?
It won’t kill you if you touch one.

For further information and practice, see page 170. 10 Work in groups. You are going to the mountains
for two days. The weather forecast is for sun on the
first day and rain on the second. Because you are
6 Look at the grammar box and complete these walking and camping, you don’t want to take too
sentences. many items. You have tents, rucksacks and food.
1 We use a zero / first conditional sentence to talk Look at the photos. Discuss these items and choose
about things that are generally true. the five most useful. Give reasons for taking them.
2 We use a zero / first conditional sentence to talk A: If we take …, we won’t need …
about a possible future situation. B: We’ll need … if it rains …
3 In a zero / first conditional sentence we use if
+ present simple + present simple (or present
simple + if + present simple).
4 In a zero / first conditional sentence we use if
+ present simple + will (or will + if + present
simple).
5 If can come at the beginning of the sentence or in camera
the middle. If it is at the beginning, we use / don’t
use a comma in the middle. mobile phone

7 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–6) with

gas cooker
the endings (a–f). Then decide if the sentence is zero
conditional (0) or first conditional (1).
1 If I get lost on the way to your house, d (1) hairdryer
2 If you click on this link,
3 You can’t read the articles on the website
4 If there’s a red sign on the screen, hat
5 I’ll call you from the top of the mountain
6 I only write my blog
a you have a virus. laptop
b it downloads the video for free.
c if you don’t subscribe.
towel
d I’ll use the satnav in my car.
e if I have something interesting to write about.
f if I can get a phone signal. matches
8 62 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs. Then listen and check your answers.
1 If I (go) on holiday, I take lots of satnav
sun cream. sun cream
2 We (need) a torch if we go out
late tonight.
3 We always get lost if my brother torch
(drive).
4 If we (see) a supermarket, I’ll
stop and buy some sandwiches for the journey.
5 If that old phone stops working, I
(buy) a new one.
sunglasses umbrella

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PLANNING A TRIP A NEW INVENTION
FAVOURITE TECHNOLOGY HOW SOMETHING WORKS 95
my life For teaching purposes
USEFUL TECHNOLOGY
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 speaking famous inventions • listening a science programme • grammar defining relative clauses •
speaking a new invention

8b Invention for the eyes

Speaking 4 64 Listen to the first half of the programme
again. Number the instructions on the diagram
1 Work in groups. Discuss the importance of in the correct order (1–4).
these inventions. Put the inventions in order
from 1 (the most important) to 7 (the least
important). pump with
silicone oil pipe
• the aeroplane inside
• the bicycle
• the camera
• the engine
• the internet
wheel
• the telephone and mobile phone lens with silicone
• the washing machine oil inside

2 Present your list to the class and compare

it with other groups. What other important    The lens changes shape.
inventions would you add to the list? Why? 1    You turn the wheels on each side.
   The silicone oil moves into the lens.

Listening   The pump pushes the silicone oil through

the pipe.
3 63 Listen to a science programme. Answer
the questions.
5 65 Listen to the second half of the programme
1 What is the problem for more than one again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
billion people in the world?
1 Silver had to do experiments with the glasses
2 What has Joshua Silver invented?
before they worked properly.
2 A man in Ghana used the glasses first.
3 The glasses are expensive to produce.
4 The centre is making a big difference in cities
around the world.

Grammar defining relative

clauses
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
The underlined part of each sentence is a defining
relative clause. This clause gives essential information
about the noun.
There is a scientist who has solved the problem.
Joshua Silver has invented glasses which don’t need an
optician.
They live in places where there aren’t any opticians.
Note: We sometimes use that instead of who or which
(but not where): Joshua Silver has invented glasses that
don’t need an optician.

For further information and practice, see page 170.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

96 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 8 Technology

6 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Which

LIFESTRAW
word (who, which or where) do we use:
a for people?
b for things?
c to talk about what exists or happens in a place?
Lifestraw is an invention 1 which cleans water while
7 Look at these sentences from the listening. you drink, so it’s useful in areas 2 water
Underline the relative clause. supply. It’s also small, so you can carry it to places
3
or river and it’s popular with people
1 A man in Ghana was the first person who used 4
. Lifestraw can turn 1,000 litres into
the new glasses. drinking water and it doesn’t have any moving parts
2 Silver started an organization which is called 5
. The people 6 also make
the ‘Centre for Vision in the Developing World’. other products for cleaning water in 64 countries
3 The centre works with schools in countries around the world.
where people can’t get glasses easily.

8 Complete these sentences with who, which

or where.
1 Thomas Edison is the person
invented the electric light bulb.
2 I live in a village there is no
public transport.
3 The Tesla is the first sports car
uses electricity.
4 Silicon Valley is a place many
successful technology companies like Apple
and Microsoft are based.
5 In 1800 Alessandro Volta made an invention
was the first battery.
6 Maria Beasley was the inventor
made the first life raft.

9 In which sentences in Exercise 8 can you use that

at the beginning of the relative clause?

10 Look at the photo and the text about another

invention, Lifestraw. Complete the text with who,
which or where and these phrases.

cleans water   ​like hiking and camping   

t​here is a lake   ​can break    Speaking my life
​there is no safe   
invented Lifestraw 12 Work in groups. Invent something which will
help you, your family or your friends in their
everyday life. Discuss these questions and draw a
11 Think of a famous person, an invention, and a
simple design of the invention with any important
place or city. Write a sentence to define or explain
information on a large sheet of paper.
each one. Then work in pairs. Exchange sentences
with your partner. Can your partner guess what • What is the invention for? (e.g. a robot for
they are? cleaning the house)
• Who will use it? (e.g. busy working people)
It’s a thing which you use to find information and to
• Where can you use it? (e.g. around the office)
contact people. (a mobile phone)
It’s a city where you can see Big Ben. (London) 13 Prepare a short presentation about your invention.
Give your presentation to the class.
Our new invention is a machine which …
It’s for people who …
You can use it in a place where …

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PLANNING A TRIP A NEW INVENTION
FAVOURITE TECHNOLOGY HOW SOMETHING WORKS 97
my life For teaching purposes
USEFUL TECHNOLOGY
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading biomimetics • critical thinking the writer’s sources • wordbuilding dependent prepositions •
speaking technology

8c Designs from nature

Reading 5 Look at the wordbuilding box. Match the words
in Exercise 4 with the categories (verb, adjective,
1 Photos 1–5 on page 99 show inventions. Photos noun).
a–e show the animals and plants which gave the
inventors their ideas. Match the inventions (1–5) 6 Choose three of the words with a dependent
with the animals and plants (a–e). preposition in Exercise 4 and write a sentence with
each word. Then work in pairs. Take turns to read
2 Read the article and check your answers from your sentences but do not say the preposition.
Exercise 1. Your partner must say the preposition.

3 Read the article again. Choose the correct option

(a–b) to complete these sentences. Critical thinking the writer’s
1 Geckos are amazing because they: sources
a can walk upside down.
b can walk on glass and plastic.
7 To write an article, a writer often uses different
‘sources’ to find information. Which of these
2 Engineers, designers and scientists can learn a
sources (1–6) do you think were most useful for
lot from:
writing Designs from nature? Say which parts of the
a how nature copies things.
article used information from the sources.
b how nature designs things.
3 The wind turbine engineers and the car 1 photographs
manufacturer studied: 2 interviews with people
a shapes in nature. 3 biographies
b size in nature. 4 questionnaires
4 George de Mestral got the idea for Velcro: 5 books about the topic
a by studying other types of clothing. 6 articles in magazines
b by chance.
5 Wilhelm Barthlott got his idea from: 8 Work in pairs. Which sources would you use
a the inside of the leaf. to write about these topics? Use the sources in
b the outside of the leaf. Exercise 7 and your own ideas.
6 The writer thinks designers: 1 people’s favourite type of everyday technology
a will learn a lot from nature in the future. 2 famous inventors in history
b have looked at most of the possibilities. 3 new types of technology in the future

Wordbuilding dependent Speaking my life

prepositions 9 Work in pairs. Do some research for a short article
4 These eight words often have prepositions after about different people’s favourite technology (e.g.
them. Find the words in the article and write the a smartphone). Prepare questions to ask people to
preposition. find out about these things.

1 problem 5 work • what their favourite technology is

2 good 6 think • how often they use it
3 interested 7 similar • what it’s used for
4 depend 8 idea • its design (colour, shape, size)
• its manufacturer
• anything else that’s important
WORDBUILDING Dependent prepositions
Many verbs, adjectives and nouns often have a 10 Work with other pairs and interview them using
preposition after them. These are called ‘dependent your questions.
prepositions’.
A: What’s your favourite piece of technology?
verb + preposition: I agree with you.
adjective + preposition: I’m bad at football.
B: Definitely my phone. I love it! I take it everywhere!
noun + preposition: I have a question about this.

For further practice, see Workbook page 67.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

98 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 8 Technology

1 2 3 4 5

DESIGNS from NATURE

When we have a problem, nature often has the answer

66
In a room at Stanford University, scientists have a problem a new design for a car, they looked at a boxfish. The result was
with their robot. It can walk up and down walls made of a car that was very similar to the shape of a boxfish and that
glass and plastic, but it can’t walk upside down. So today 25 used less fuel than other cars.
they have a gecko in the room and they are studying how
The world of plants helped with the invention of Velcro and
5 it walks. It’s an amazing animal. Like the robot, it’s very
a new type of paint. In 1948, the Swiss engineer George de
good at moving up and down trees, but the gecko can
Mestral was walking in the countryside when he pulled a
also walk upside down. In particular, the scientists are
plant’s bur from his trousers. He noticed how the bur stuck
interested in the gecko’s feet. They want to learn from its
30 really well to his clothes, and so he had the idea of Velcro. And
feet and use the same design on their robot.
in 1982, Wilhelm Barthlott, an inventor who was studying the
10 Animals and plants can teach humans a lot about design leaves of a lotus plant, noticed that water always ran off the
and engineering. As a result, many engineers, scientists leaf and it cleaned itself. Barthlott copied the leaf’s design and
and designers spend time studying them. When they have produced a type of paint which stays cleaner than normal paint
a question, nature often has the answer. This science 35 because the water and dirt run off it.
is called biomimetics. Bio- means ‘living things’ and
In conclusion, biomimetics has helped to design the modern
15 mimetics means ‘copying’. In other words, these scientists
world, and there are many more future possibilities. It might
– or biomimeticists – depend on animals and plants to help
take a long time to discover all of them, because after all it has
them with design.
taken nature millions of years to design its animals and plants.
Two types of sea animals helped engineers in Canada and
flipper (n) /ˈflɪpə(r)/ the flat arm or leg of a sea animal, used for
Germany. When engineers in Canada were working on
swimming
20 improving wind turbines, they studied a whale’s flippers bur (n) /bɜ:/ a type of seed from a plant
because these animals move so easily through water. And
when the car company Mercedes-Benz wanted to think of

a b c d e

boxfish lotus leaf humpback whale bur gecko

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PLANNING A TRIP FAVOURITE TECHNOLOGY
A NEW INVENTION HOW SOMETHING WORKS 99
my life For teaching purposes
USEFUL TECHNOLOGY
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary instructions • pronunciation linking • real life finding out how something works

8d Gadgets
Vocabulary instructions
1 When you buy new technology for the first time,
do you ever:
• read the instruction manual?
• watch a ‘How to’ video online?
• ask a friend for help?
• telephone a customer helpline?
• turn it on and see what happens?

2 Match the verbs (1–5) with the phrases (a–e) to

make instructions. Then match the instructions
with the pictures (A–E).
1 turn on a the battery
2 pull b the button
3 charge c the remote control
4 press d the lever forwards
5 push e the lever backwards
A B

Real life finding out how

something works
C D
4 68 Listen to two people talking about a new
gadget called a drone. Number the pictures in
Exercise 2 in the order they talk about them (1–5).

5 68 Read the list of expressions for finding

out how something works. Then listen to the
conversation again and tick the questions you hear.
E

FINDING OUT HOW SOMETHING WORKS

Can you show me how this works?
Can you explain the instructions?
Have you charged the battery?
How do I turn it on?
How did you do that?
3 Pronunciation linking What is this (other one) for?
What does this (one) do?
a 67 A word ending with a consonant What happens if I press this button?
sound links to the next word if it starts with a How do you make it (record / go up)?
vowel sound. Listen and practise saying these
instructions.
6 Work in pairs. Choose objects from the box or
1 Turn it on. 4 Push it forwards. gadgets in your bag or in the school. Take turns to
˘ ˘ it overnight. ˘ back.
2 Charge 5 Pull it ask how they work.
˘ ˘ ˘
3 Press it down.
˘ a computer game   ​your favourite app   ​
b Work in pairs. Think of items you often use at a mobile phone   ​a photocopier   ​a printer   ​
home or at work and make sentences using the a tablet   ​a USB stick   ​a vending machine
verbs in Exercises 2 and 3a. Be careful with linking
where necessary. A: Can you show me how this works?
I turn on my mobile in the morning and B: Yes. First of all, you need to turn it on, here.
charge˘ it overnight. ˘
˘ ˘
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
100 PLANNING A TRIP A NEW INVENTION
FAVOURITE TECHNOLOGY HOW SOMETHING WORKS
my life For teaching purposes
USEFUL TECHNOLOGY
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing a paragraph • writing skill connecting words Unit 8 Technology

8e An argument for technology

Writing a paragraph b Complete this paragraph with connecting words
from Exercise 2a. Sometimes more than one is
1 Read this paragraph. Where do you think it comes possible.
from? Choose the correct option (a–c).
a an instruction manual Since the late twentieth century, the internet has
b a report on energy in the workplace completely changed our lives. 1 , it
c a message to a colleague at work about the has delivered information to every house with a
lighting computer. 2 , you can type in any
word and find thousands of pages on the
subject. 3 , with faster speeds, it can
show videos and explain how things work.
4
, some people think it can be
dangerous, especially for young people.
5
, if we teach people how to use it
safely, then it’s like having a library in your home.
6
, I think every home should have
internet access.

3 Read these notes for a paragraph about GPS

technology. The notes give the main idea of
the paragraph and arguments for and against.
Write a paragraph using the notes and the
connecting words from Exercise 2.

GPS is a good idea for anyone who

LED lighting is a very efficient form of modern travels a lot
lighting technology. Firstly, LED lighting lasts
longer than normal lighting. For example, a
• GPS maps are always up-to-date
normal light bulb lasts for around 5,000 hours. and correct
LED light bulbs last 100,000 hours. In addition,
LED light bulbs change 80% of electricity into • safer to use when driving
light. Normal bulbs only change 20% into
light and the rest is heat. In other words, LED
• more expensive than a normal map
lights need less electricity to produce more • saves time (and money on petrol)
light. On the other hand, LED lights are more
expensive to buy than normal lights. However,
you don’t have to change them every year 4 Choose one of these types of technology. Plan a
and they use less energy. As a result, they are paragraph about why it is useful. Make notes like
cheaper over a long period of time. the ones in Exercise 3.

email   ​mobile phones   ​music downloads   ​

2 Writing skill connecting words wireless technology   ​your own idea

a Look back at the highlighted connecting words in 5 Now write your paragraph. Use connecting words.
the paragraph in Exercise 1. Match the words with
their uses (1–6). 6 Exchange paragraphs with a partner. Does your
partner’s paragraph:
1 to put ideas and sentences in order Firstly
2 to introduce contrasting information • introduce the main idea of the paragraph?
, • give reasons why the technology is useful?
3 to say the same thing in a different way • use connecting words?

4 to add extra information to support your main

idea
5 to introduce an example
6 to introduce a result
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
PLANNING A TRIP A NEW INVENTION
FAVOURITE TECHNOLOGY HOW SOMETHING WORKS 101
my life For teaching purposes
USEFUL TECHNOLOGY
only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 8f Ancient languages,
modern technology

Using modern technology to record ancient

languages in Arunachal Pradesh, India

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

102 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 8 Technology

Before you watch 8 Local people learn to use the technology kits,
with a laptop computer, video cameras, and
1 Look at the photo and read the caption. What kind basic recording equipment.
of technology can you see? How do you think 9 The team hope people will keep their old
these people are using it? language alive and speak it themselves.

2 Key vocabulary After you watch

Read the sentences. The words in bold are in the 5 Vocabulary in context
video. Match the words with the definitions (a–f).
8.2 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
1 Every two weeks, a language disappears and
no one ever uses it again. the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
2 How much awareness is there of the problem? 6 Complete this paragraph about a language using
3 Many languages could die out in the next few words from the video.
years because no one speaks them.
4 Humans can’t survive if there isn’t any water. National Geographic Enduring Voices Project
5 In recent years, there’s been a shift in the way In North America there are between 150
we communicate because of technology. and 170 1 k languages.
6 Don’t neglect your school work over the Many of these are native American languages
holidays. which are 2 d . Now,
a stops existing National Geographic Enduring Voices
b change in something Project is trying to help native speakers
c knowledge or understanding of a situation save their languages so we don’t lose them
d become less common and finally disappear
3
f . They use special
e forget about recording 4 e to interview
f continue to live or exist in a difficult situation older people speaking the language, and try to
translate some of the 5 b
words. As a result of this work, the
While you watch language of Salish, which was dying out, has
6
s . A few years ago,
3 8.1 Watch the video and number these
only about 50 people aged over 75 spoke
actions in the order they happen (1–4).
the language of Salish, but now the tribe
a The team go to a region in northeast India offers courses in Salish and the children are
where there are many different languages. 7
s in the language.
b The three men leave but they hope that the
local communities will use the technology kits.
c The team visit Australia to interview the last
7 Work in groups. Discuss some or all of these
questions.
speaker of a language.
d The team visit a large village where the older • Is your country’s native language a global or
people speak a language called Apatani. important language? Why? / Why not?
• If your native language is dying out, how
4 8.1 Watch the video again and decide if the can you save it? How can technology help
sentences are true (T) or false (F). to save it?
1 The aim of the National Geographic’s Enduring • How much is your native language changing?
Voices project is to help save ancient languages For example, does it use any English words?
which are disappearing and dying out. (e.g. computer)
2 The Australian man speaks a language which • How important is a global language like
people thought had already disappeared. English in your country? Do most people speak
3 There used to be seven thousand known or try to learn a second language like English?
languages in the world, but now there are • How useful is technology for learning and
only half that amount. communicating in a new language?
4 One language disappears every two weeks • How do you use technology for learning
around the planet. English?
5 In the end, Greg and David can’t make the
abandon (v) /əˈbændən/ stop using
equipment work, so they don’t record the
hassle (n) /ˈhæs(ə)l/ an annoying or difficult situation
speakers. loss (n) /lɒs/ the state of no longer having something
6 In the village, the young people aren’t
interested in learning new languages.
7 No one in the village speaks both English and
Apatani.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 103

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 8 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar 5 ❯❯ MB Choose three more words from the unit.
Write a sentence with each word, but miss out the
1 Complete the sentences with the present simple or key word. Then work in pairs. Take turns to read
will form of these verbs. your sentences and guess the missing word.

not call   ​not go   ​love   ​pass   ​press   ​work I CAN

talk about technology
1 When you this button, the TV comes
use dependent prepositions
on.
2 If you put new batteries in, it again.
3 When it’s sunny, we to go to the beach. Real life
4 If he , we won’t know what time to
meet him. 6 Put these words in the correct order to make
5 I hiking if the weather is bad. questions.
6 If you work hard, you the exam. 1 switch / it / how / do / I / on?
2 if / I / happens / button? / press / this / what
2 Complete the defining relative clauses with who, 3 can / me / you / how / this / works? / show
which or where. 4 you / did / that? / do / how
1 The internet is an invention has 5 charged / battery? / the / you / have
changed the modern world. 6 this / button / do? / what / does
2 My best friend is someone is
always happy to see me. 7 Match these responses (a–e) with the questions
3 They live in a place there’s no (1–6) in Exercise 6. One response matches two
internet. questions.
4 A satnav is something tells you a Sure. First, switch it on.
where you are. b Yes, I have. It should work now.
5 Your teacher is someone helps c It restarts it.
you learn English. d By pressing this.
6 The space shuttle was the first spacecraft e You turn it off.
travelled from and to Earth.
8 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at these two
3 ❯❯ MB Complete these sentences so they are true inventions from Unit 8. Try to describe:
for you. Then work in pairs. Explain the sentences
• what they do. • how they work.
to your partner.
• the different parts.
1 is someone who is important in
It’s something which …. If you turn this, it …
my life.
2 is an invention which improves
my life.

I CAN
use zero and first conditionals
use defining relative clauses

Vocabulary
4 Complete the sentences with one word.
1 To s et up an account, create a password.
2 P the button here.
3 Plug it in here to c the battery.
4 This is a type of t which flies and takes
photographs.
5 I’m interested i robots.
6 Use your email to l in. I CAN
7 Did you s the problem with your laptop?
find out how something works
8 I have a question a this grammar.
9 We g hungry at midday. give instructions
10 Do you like to p video games?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

104 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 9 Holidays

Zoltan Takacs is an explorer who

studies snakes. This photo is in
Micronesia.

F E AT U R E S 1 Look at the photo of Zoltan Takacs. How do you think his

holidays are similar to his working life?
106 Holiday stories
2 69 Listen to Zoltan and two other people talking. What is
Everyone has a story similar about their working life and their holidays?
to tell about a holiday.
What’s yours? 3 69 Listen again. Which accommodation and activities does
each person talk about? Write the number of the speaker (1–3)
108 A different kind of with the words they use.
holiday
bed and breakfast   ​camper van   ​caravan   ​hotel   ​tent ​
Interview with an
adventure travel tour guide camping   ​clubbing   ​diving   ​hiking   ​sightseeing   ​skiing
sunbathing
110 Two sides of Paris
Two different views of the 4 Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions about your
world’s most famous city holidays.

114 Living in Venice 1 When was your last holiday?

2 Where did you go?
A video about daily life in 3 What type of accommodation did you stay in?
this famous city 4 What activities did you do?
5 What do you think makes a good holiday?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

A HOLIDAY STORY THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME
A PLACE YOU KNOW
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.TOURIST INFORMATION 105
A FORMAL EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading a holiday problem • vocabulary holiday collocations • grammar past perfect simple •
pronunciation ‘d • speaking a holiday story

9a Holiday stories
Reading 3 Read the story again. Number the events (a–i) in the order
they happened (1–9).
1 Work in groups. Have you ever had these
a gave the manager a tip
problems or other problems on holiday? What
b arrived at the hotel
did you do?
c the engineer looked at the shower
• It rained all the time. d gave the engineer a tip
• You missed your plane / train / bus / ferry. e booked the holiday
• The hotel wasn’t very good. f tried to turn on the shower
• You couldn’t find your bag at the airport. g called reception
• You got lost when you went sightseeing. h moved to room 405
• Your family or friends couldn’t agree on i waited at reception
what to do.
4 When do people give tips in your country?
2 Read a story about a holiday. Why wasn’t the How much do they give?
tourist happy with her room? What did she do?
70 Vocabulary holiday collocations
Holiday Stories 5 Complete the sentences with these verbs.

I was in a foreign country for the first time in my book   ​call   ​check in   ​give   ​go   ​stay   ​

unpack
life. It had sounded amazing in the brochure:
1 I plan to abroad next year for the first
‘Enjoy seven days in one of the most beautiful
time in my life.
cities in the world while staying at a luxury hotel.’
2 When did you your holiday?
I had been excited about the trip, but now I 3 We hope to at a hotel in the centre of the
wasn’t so sure. I had waited at reception for city.
fifteen minutes before someone checked me in. 4 We need to at reception.
And my room was small and dark, with a window 5 Let’s our bags and then go sightseeing!
looking over a car park. I tried to be positive and 6 Can you reception and ask someone to
I unpacked my bags. I decided to have a shower come and clean the room?
before going sightseeing. However, the shower 7 Do you always the waiter a tip in this
wasn’t working so I called hotel reception. country?
An hour later, an engineer arrived. He hit the 6 Match these verbs to the groups of nouns.
pipes a few times. ‘Sorry, but I cannot fix it
today. Maybe tomorrow.’ Then he held out his book   ​get   ​
go   ​
rent   ​stay
hand. He wanted a tip for doing nothing! I was
furious. But suddenly, I had a thought. He hadn’t 1 : on a tour, clubbing, diving
fixed my shower, but I gave him the money 2 : at home, on a campsite, out all night
anyway. Two minutes later, I was at the reception 3 : a table (in a restaurant), a flight, a
desk. I explained the problem to the hotel ticket
manager and gave him a very large tip. 4 : a car, an apartment, skis
5 : twenty days’ holiday per year,
Fifteen minutes later, I moved into room 405.
sunburned, lost
It was twice the size of room 308, it had a
wonderful view of the city, a comfortable bed
and, most importantly, there was water in the
bathroom.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

106 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 9 Holidays

Grammar past perfect simple 10 Complete the sentences with the past simple or the
past perfect simple.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
1 We landed late in London, so our connecting
1 I had been excited about the trip, but now I wasn’t flight to Dubai (leave) and we had
so sure. to stay at the airport hotel.
2 He hadn’t fixed my shower, but I gave him the money 2 When my sister reached Rome, her luggage
anyway.
(not arrive) and she spent an hour
Note: In informal English we often use ‘d.
at lost luggage.
(I’d been = I had been)
3 The hotel hadn’t expected them until the
For further information and practice, see page 172. evening, so they (go) for lunch
while the hotel staff prepared the rooms.
7 Look at the grammar box. How do we form the 4 We (not eat) for hours, but we
past perfect simple? finally arrived in the city centre and found a
restaurant that was open.
8 Answer the questions (a–b) for each sentence (1–2) 5 I realized I (lose) my passport as
in the grammar box. soon as I put my hand in my pocket.
6 As soon as they had met their friends, they
a Which is the main action? Which action
(have) a wonderful time.
happened earlier?
7 We’d had a wonderful meal, so we
b Which verb is in the past simple and which is
(give) the waiter a big tip.
in the past perfect?
8 I (leave) my passport at home by
9 71 Read this conversation between two friends mistake, so I had to go back.
about a holiday. Choose the correct options.
Then listen and check your answers. 11 Pronunciation ’d
A: How was your holiday? 72 Listen to sentences 7 and 8 in Exercise 10.
B: To be honest, I’m really happy to be home! Notice the pronunciation of ’d. Then listen again
A: Why? What 1 happened / had happened? and repeat.
B: Well, on the first day at the hotel, someone stole
my bag at the reception desk.
A: Did you catch the person? Speaking my life
B: No. He 2 ran / ’d run out of the hotel entrance, 12 You are going to tell a story about a holiday. You
so it was too late. The hotel 3 reported / had can invent the story or it can be about something
reported it to the police, but I never got it back. that happened to you or someone you know.
Fortunately, I 4 packed / ‘d packed my passport Prepare five sentences about it using these ideas.
and money in a different bag, so as soon as I
5
bought / ’d bought some new clothes I went A few weeks before the holiday, we had …
sightseeing.
When we got to the hotel / the airport …,
A: Great.
we realized / we remembered that we had …
B: The rest of the holiday went well until the last
evening. Suddenly there was no electricity One day, we’d just visited …
in the hotel. I went to find the manager, but
On the last day …
she 6 left / ’d left for the night. But luckily the
assistant manager 7 had / had had some torches After we got home, we found that …
and candles and all the hotel guests sat in the
reception area and sang traditional songs from 13 Work in pairs. Take turns to read your story to
their different countries. That was fun. In fact, your partner and decide if your partner’s story is
that 8 was / had been probably the best night of real or not.
the holiday!

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

A HOLIDAY STORY THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME
A PLACE YOU KNOW
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. TOURIST INFORMATION 107
A FORMAL EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 listening interview with a tour guide • wordbuilding -ed/-ing adjectives •
pronunciation number of syllables • grammar subject questions • speaking the holiday of a lifetime

9b A different kind of holiday

Listening 6 Choose the correct adjective.
A: So, how was your holiday?
1 Work in groups. Do you prefer travelling in a
B: I had an 1 amazed / amazing time. I’m so 2 bored /
group or on your own?
boring to be back at work.
2 73 Listen to part of an interview about a A: I’m sure. Where did you go exactly?
different kind of holiday. Answer the questions. B: We went hiking in Patagonia! It’s a 3 fascinated /
fascinating place.
1 What new job does Madelaine have? A: Yes, I watched an 4 interested / interesting TV
2 What is she responsible for? programme about it once. The mountains there
3 73 Listen to the interview again. Are the are enormous. It looked like a 5 frightened /
sentences true (T) or false (F)? frightening place to climb.
B: Well, we had a fantastic guide so I wasn’t
1 Madelaine has done her first tour. 6
worried / worrying. Though there was one
2 Madelaine is going to the Galápagos man who was 7 annoyed / annoying about all the
Archipelago for the first time. climbing. He kept complaining and saying he
3 Some people on the tour come on their own. was 8 tired / tiring all the time.
4 You have to do the same activities as other A: Sounds like he booked the wrong holiday!
people in the group.
5 Madelaine thinks the holidays are expensive. 7 Pronunciation number of syllables
4 Would you like to go on one of Madelaine’s 74 Listen to the sixteen adjectives from
holidays? Which parts of the world would you like Exercise 6. Write the number of syllables you hear
to visit or work in? in each word. Then listen again and repeat.
1 amazed (2), amazing (3)
Wordbuilding -ed/-ing
8 Work in pairs. Use -ing and -ed adjectives formed
adjectives from these verbs to talk about the topics (1–6).
WORDBUILDING -ed/-ing adjectives
amaze   ​bore   ​excite   ​fascinate   ​interest   ​
I know that you’re very excited about your new job. tire   ​worry
My first tour is very exciting.

For further practice, see Workbook page 75. 1 a place you visited recently
2 a project you are working on
3 the last book you read
5 Look at the wordbuilding box. Answer these 4 a person you met recently for the first time
questions. Then find other -ed and -ing adjectives
5 a TV programme you saw last week
in the audioscript on page 187.
6 a present you received recently
1 Which adjective describes how a person feels?
I recently visited London. I was excited because it was
2 Which adjective describes a place, person or
the first time I’d ever been, but in fact the trip was a bit
thing?
boring.

The Galápagos Archipelago

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
108 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 9 Holidays

Grammar subject questions 11 75 A group of four friends are planning their

next holiday together. Complete their questions
SUBJECT QUESTIONS with the words in brackets and listen to check
Subject questions
your answers.
Who books these types of holidays?
How many people go on the tour? Ryan: OK, so first of all, how much money
Who has been here before?
1
(we / want) to
What happened next? spend this year?
Other questions Margaret: Not much! It needs to be cheap. How
How much does it cost? about going camping?
When did you go on holiday? Ryan: Good idea. Who 2
Where have you been today? (want) to go camping?
Why did you choose this holiday? Adriana: Only if we can go somewhere hot!
Margaret: But we’ll have to fly to go
For further information and practice, see page 172.
somewhere hot, and flying is
expensive.
9 Look at the grammar box. Complete the rules (1–2). Peter: Who 3 (have) a
1 In subject questions / other questions, the question car? We could drive somewhere with
word replaces the subject. the tents. That’s cheaper than flying.
2 In subject questions, we use / we do not use the Ryan: I can probably borrow my brother’s
auxiliary verb do or did. car. I drove to Spain last summer. It
was really hot.
10 Choose the correct option to complete the Adriana: Which cities 4
questions. (you / visit)?
1 How many students study / do study English in Ryan: Barcelona and Madrid. I don’t mind
your class? going again.
2 How many days you stayed / did you stay in the Margaret: Great. How many people
hotel?
5
(agree) with
3 Which artist painted / did paint the ‘Mona Lisa’? going to Spain?
4 Where you lived / did you live when you were
young?
5 What happened / did happen? I thought you were Speaking my life
on holiday!
12 Work in a group. Imagine you have won $1,000
6 Which places I should visit / should I visit in
from a travel magazine to spend on a group
Brazil?
holiday, lasting a week. Ask each other questions
7 Who can you help / can help me with my
about:
homework?
8 How much money you take / did you take with • the type of holiday you want to go on.
you? • the accommodation and places you want
to visit.
• the types of activities (daytime and evening)
you want to do.

Try to agree and plan a holiday which everyone

in the group will enjoy.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

A HOLIDAY STORY THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME
A PLACE YOU KNOW
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. TOURIST INFORMATION 109
A FORMAL EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 • reading two sides of Paris • critical thinking the author’s purpose • word focus place • speaking a place you know

9c Two sides of Paris

Reading Word focus place
1 What tourist attractions is Paris famous for? 6 Read these sentences from the article. Match the
phrases in bold in the sentences (1–3) with the uses
2 Read the article. What two parts of Paris is it about? and meanings (a–c).
3 Read the first two paragraphs again and complete 1 After a busy morning, it’s time to find a good
these notes about what a tourist can do in Paris. place to eat.
Use words from the article. 2 It’s no place for anyone who is frightened of
architecture the dark or small places.
1 see famous art and
3 Theatre performances sometimes take place in
2 go up
the tunnels.
3 visit
4 eat some of the best a to advise certain people not to go somewhere
5 go b to say something happens
6 choose from c to recommend somewhere
7 visit tunnels called
8 walk down steps to see 7 Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions
about your town or city.
4 Read the rest of the article. Choose the correct
1 Is it a place where there are lots of things for
option (a–c) to answer these questions.
tourists to do? Why? / Why not?
1 Are tourists allowed to go underground? 2 Where are the best places for tourists to go
a Yes, nowadays they can go everywhere. sightseeing and shopping?
b It depends on where they want to go. 3 What special events take place every year?
c No, never.
2 Why are the tunnels dangerous?
a They might fall down.
Speaking my life
b There are criminals down there. 8 Work in pairs. Plan a two-minute presentation for
c The writer doesn’t say. a group of tourists about the place you live or a
3 How have people used other parts of the place you know well. List what tourists can see
tunnels? and do there, using some of these ideas.
a For somewhere to live.
b For studying the architecture. • art galleries
c For fun and entertainment. • cafes and restaurants
4 Why is it difficult to find Dominique and • good places for sightseeing
Yopie’s room? • museums
a They never take anyone there. • nightclubs
b The tunnels are very small and dark. • places with a good view (e.g. a tower)
c It isn’t on a map. • shopping
• special events
• theatres
Critical thinking the author’s
9 Work with another pair. Take turns to give your
purpose presentation. Try to convince the other pair to visit
5 Work in pairs. Tick the three sentences which your place.
describe the author’s purpose. Give reasons for It’s a place where there are lots of things to do for
your answers. tourists. For example, lots of different festivals take
1 to compare and contrast two sides of Paris place here …
2 to support the people who use the unofficial
part of the tunnels
3 to suggest visiting some of the tunnels
4 to support the police in their work to stop
people entering the tunnels
5 to inform the reader about something they
don’t know about
6 to criticize people who use the unofficial
tunnels

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

110 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 9 Holidays

TWO SIDES OF

PA R I S
76

When tourists visit Europe, Paris is usually top of their However, this public part of the tunnels is quite small.
list. It’s a city where you can see some of the most famous There are another 250 kilometres of the tunnels which are
art and architecture in the world. Most tour groups start 25 closed to the public. They are dangerous and the police don’t
by going up the Eiffel Tower for a view of the city, or they want people to go down there. Nevertheless, a lot of people
5 visit a museum or art gallery. After a busy morning, it’s find their way into these tunnels through secret entrances.
time to find a good place to eat. There’s nothing better The police often search the area and once they found a
than sitting outside a café or restaurant in Paris, watching cinema down here. It’s well known that art shows and theatre
people walking by, and eating some of the best food in 30 performances sometimes take place in the tunnels, and that
the world. The city is also famous for its fashion, so after they are popular with university students for parties.
10 lunch it’s time for some shopping. And in the evening,
There are ‘unofficial’ tours of the tunnels with tour guides like
there’s a huge number of theatres and nightclubs to
Dominique and Yopie (not their real names). If you pay, they
choose from.
will take you deep underground. It’s no place for anyone who
That’s the city that most tourists see when they visit 35 is frightened of the dark or small places. The stone tunnels are
Paris. But there is another amazing part of Paris you small and it’s easy to hit your head on the ceiling. After two
15 could visit – and it’s underground. Paris has hundreds hours you arrive in a room which isn’t on any official map.
of kilometres of tunnels. Tourists can visit part of these Yopie and his friends built it. It’s comfortable and clean with
tunnels, called the catacombs, where over six million a table and chairs, and a bed. Yopie says there are many other
people were buried in the nineteenth century. ‘Normal’ 40 rooms like this under Paris. ‘Many people come down here to
tourists are allowed here, but you have to walk down two party, some people to paint. We do what we want here.’
20 hundred steps and through long, dark corridors to see the
bones and skeletons. Some tourists have even paid to stay
down here overnight. skeleton (n) /ˈskelɪt(ə)n/ the bones of a human or animal

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

A HOLIDAY STORY A PLACE YOU KNOW
THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. TOURIST INFORMATION 111
A FORMAL EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 real life requesting and suggesting • pronunciation /dʒə/ • speaking tourist information

9d Tourist information

Real life requesting and b 78 Listen again and repeat the questions.

suggesting 6 Work in pairs. Take turns to be a tourist and a

person at tourist information.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the information brochure for
the Tarxien Temples. Would you visit this kind of Student A: Turn to page 155.
place on holiday? Why? / Why not? Student B: Turn to page 154.
2 There is information missing in the brochure. What
questions can you ask to get the information (1–5)?
1 What days is it open? / Is it open today? The Tarxien
3 77 Listen to a conversation at the tourist
information office. Complete the information about Temples
the Tarxien Temples. in Malta
4 77 Look at the expressions for requesting and
suggesting. Listen to the conversation again and tick Information for visitors
the expressions you hear.
This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The four
REQUESTING AND SUGGESTING Tarxien Temples are around 5,000 years old.
Requesting information Address: Neolithic Temple Street, Tarxien
I’m interested in visiting …
Opening times: Open from 1 to
Do you know the opening times? / What time does it
open / close?
Sunday, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Could you tell me the price? / How much is it? (Last admission at 4.30 p.m.)
Is there any public transport? How often does the Tickets: Book in advance or buy at the
bus go?
entrance
Are there any … ?
Adults: € 6.00
Suggesting options
12 to 17-year-olds, seniors (over 65) and
How about … -ing
You can also … students: € 3
Another option is to … Children (6–11): €3.00
Or you could take … Infants (5 and under): Free
Official guided tour: €20.00 with tour guide
5 Pronunciation /dʒə/ and lasts 4 hours

a 78 Listen to these two questions. How does the Transport to the site: Buses every hour from
speaker pronounce the first two words? the 5
Do you know the opening times?
Could you tell me the price?
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
112
my life
A HOLIDAY STORY
Not for sale. TOURIST INFORMATION
THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME
A PLACE YOU KNOW
For teaching purposes only.
A FORMAL EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing an email requesting information • writing skill formal expressions Unit 9 Holidays

9e Requesting information
Writing an email requesting 4 Circle any contracted forms (e.g. I’m, it’s, you’re) in
the email and in Exercise 3. Do we use contracted
information forms more in formal or informal writing?
1 When you want to go on holiday, how do you find 5 Choose the more formal option.
out information about the holiday? (e.g. online,
from a travel agent, by email or phone) 1 I’m writing to ask for / I am writing to request
more information about your product.
2 Read the email and answer the questions. 2 I would be grateful if you could / Can you send an
up-to-date price list.
1 What is the writer’s reason for writing?
3 I would also like / I also want a copy of the
2 What two things does he want to know?
holiday brochure.
4 Thanks / Thank you for your help / assistance.
Dear Sir or Madam, 5 I’ll tell / I will inform you when they are ready /
I am writing to request more information about the
available.
‘Explorer’s Holidays’ on your website. In particular, 6 Could you confirm / Please let me know when
could you provide me with more details of your next I will receive / I’ll get the payment.
tour to Alaska? 7 Hope to hear / I look forward to hearing from
you soon.
Currently, the website says that you will confirm the
exact dates of tours for next year in the near future. I 6 You have looked at a holiday website for cruises
would be grateful if you could inform me as soon as around the coast of South America. Write an email
they become available. to the tour company and request information
My second question is about accommodation. It about:
seems to include camping and staying in hotels, but 1 how long the cruise lasts (in weeks).
the information on the site is not very clear. I would 2 when and where the cruise starts and ends.
like to receive more details about this. 3 the cost of a cabin.
Thank you in advance for providing this information.
I look forward to hearing from you.
7 Exchange emails with your partner. Has your
partner used formal expressions?
Best regards,
William P Faversham

3 Writing skill formal expressions

Find formal expressions in the email that have a
similar meaning to these informal expressions.
Starting
1 Hi
2 It’s about …
Requesting more information
3 Can you send me …?
4 Please tell me …
5 when you have them
6 I’d like to get …
Ending
7 Thanks for the information.
8 Hope to hear from
you soon.
9 All the best

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

A HOLIDAY STORY THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME
A PLACE YOU KNOW
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.TOURIST INFORMATION 113
A FORMAL EMAIL
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 9f Living in Venice

For tourists in Venice, Italy, a

gondola is the best way to travel

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

114 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 9 Holidays

Before you watch 4 9.1 Watch the video again and answer these
questions about living in Venice.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo of Venice and
1 When is the best time of day for shopping in
answer the questions.
the outdoor markets?
1 Why do you think Venice is popular with 2 How does Fabrizio Copano describe Venice?
tourists? 3 What is happening to the population?
2 What do you think it’s like to live and work in 4 What is particularly expensive in Venice?
Venice? 5 What does Giovanni dal Missier say about the
tourists?
2 Key vocabulary 6 What sort of jobs do most people do in Venice?
7 How does Gino Penzo describe the cities of
Read the sentences. The words in bold are Florence and Rome?
used in the video. Match the words with the
definitions (a–g).
After you watch
1 The traders at the market have lots of different
food and local products. 5 9.2 Vocabulary in context
2 Young people have to face the challenge of
finding their first job. Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct
3 My father is a gondolier. He takes tourists meaning of the words and phrases.
round Venice.
6 Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions
4 You can’t buy a place to live because property
about a town or city you know well.
costs a lot of money.
5 Many young people move away to more 1 Is it clean and easy to live in, with a high
modern cities. quality of life?
6 Did you ever get to meet anyone famous? 2 How expensive is property and housing?
7 Good health is a gift in life – especially as you 3 Is it difficult to earn a living there?
get older! 4 Do you think young people are moving away?
If so, why?
a a person who sails a traditional boat in Venice
called a ‘gondola’ 7 Work in pairs. You are going to practise a
b leave one place to live in another conversation between a tourist and a tour guide.
c buildings that people own (e.g. houses,
apartments) Student A: You are a tour guide showing a visitor
d people who buy and sell things your town or city. Make notes about these things.
e deal with the difficulties • the best places to see
f a present or something you are lucky to have • good places to eat
g have the opportunity to • good places for shopping and entertainment

While you watch Student B: You are a tourist visiting your partner’s
town or city. Find out what it’s like to live there.
3 9.1 Watch the video. Number these things (a–f) Look at these ideas and prepare questions to ask
in the order you see them (1–6). your tour guide.
a a trader preparing vegetables • the best places to see
b early morning in the Piazza San Marco • the advantages of living in the town or city
c sunset in Venice • the disadvantages of living in the town or city
d musicians playing violins
e a gondola 8 Change roles and have another conversation.
f a man jogging
advantages (n) /ədˈvɑːntɪʤɪz/ good things
crowd (n) /kraʊd/ many people in the same place
disadvantages (n) /ˈdɪsədvɑːntɪʤɪz/ bad things
huge (adj) /hjuːʤ/ very big
increase (v) /ɪnˈkriːs/ get bigger

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 115

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 9 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Complete the conversation with the past 4 Complete each sentence with a pair of verbs.
simple or the past perfect simple.
check in + get   ​pay + give   ​call + book   ​unpack + go
A: How was your holiday?
B: It was fine, in the end. 1 When you the bill, remember to
A: Why? What 1 (happen)? the waiter a tip.
B: Well, when we 2 (arrived) 2 Can you the restaurant and
at the hotel they were full and so we a table?
3
(not / have) a room. 3 Let’s our bags and
A: Oh no! Why 4 (you / not / sightseeing.
book) the hotel? 4 First, at the airport and then
B: I had! But someone 5 (make) a on the plane.
mistake with the reservation. Anyway, they
6
(got) us rooms in another 5 Complete the adjectives with -ing or -ed.
hotel, but it was in another town.
1 What’s the matter? Do you feel bor ?
A: So what 7 (you / do)?
2 This book is very interest .
B: Well, I was really angry after everything
3 We had an amaz time in Peru.
that 8 (happen), but the
4 Stop being annoy and leave me alone!
manager 9 (paid) for a taxi to
5 This film is so excit !
the other hotel.
6 I’m really frighten of the dark!
A: That was nice.
I CAN
2 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. These phrases are
from the Holiday Story on page 106. Try to talk about holidays
remember and tell the story using them.

one of the most beautiful cities in the world   ​

Real life
waited at reception for 15 minutes   ​ 6 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at the photos. What can you
was small and dark   ​decided to have a shower   ​ remember about these places? Discuss the questions.
wasn’t working   ​an engineer arrived   ​
‘I cannot fix it’   ​a tip for doing nothing   ​ 1 Where are these places?
explained the problem to the hotel manager   ​ 2 What do you think you can see there?
moved into room 405

3 Choose the correct option to complete the

questions. Which are subject questions?
1 How many tourists visit / do visit your town
or city every year?
2 What places photograph they /
do they photograph? 7 Put these words in the correct order.
3 Where they usually stay / do they usually stay?
1 interested / caves / the / in / visiting / I’m
4 Who shows / do show the tourists round
2 know / do / you / opening / the / times?
the city?
3 another / is / to /a / option / take / taxi
5 How much costs a tour / does a tour cost?
4 tell / could / you / the / me / price?
I CAN 5 about / tour? / a / taking / how / sightseeing
use the past perfect
6 bus / often / how / does / the / go?
7 you / could / family / ticket / buy / a
use subject questions and other questions
8 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Practise a conversation.

Student A: You are the tourist. Ask about a museum.

Student B: You work at tourist information. Answer

the questions and suggest options.

I CAN
request information
suggest options

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

116 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 10 Products

Selling baskets in Hung Yen,

Vietnam

F E AT U R E S 1 Look at the photo. What products is the man selling?

What do you think they are used for?
118 A lesson in logos
2 79 Listen to part of a radio programme about the man in
Why Apple turned its the photo. Answer the questions.
logo round
1 Where does he make his baskets?
120 Product design 2 Who are his customers? Why do they buy them?
3 Where does he sell the baskets?
The story of a classic design
3 Do you usually buy things from small local producers
122 Is stuff winning? and sellers? Or do you normally buy products from big,
An article about how we international companies?
have too much ‘stuff’ in
4 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about the last things you
our lives.
bought, e.g. clothing, a book, something online. Answer these
questions for each product.
126 Wind turbines
A video about a product • What was it?
that can earn money and • Where did you buy it?
help the environment • Why did you buy it?
• Do you know what company made it?
• Do you know where it was made?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PRODUCTS I BUY HABITS IN THE PAST
USING LESS STUFF
my life For teaching purposes only. NotDISCUSSING
for sale.OPINIONS 117
A REVIEW
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading a lesson in logos • wordbuilding word forms • grammar the passive • speaking famous products

10a A lesson in logos

Reading 2 Read the article again. Are these sentences true (T)
or false (F)?
1 Look at the product in the photo. Do you
1 The writer thinks everyone knows about Apple
recognize the logo on the laptop? What is wrong
products.
with it? Read the article and check your ideas.
2 On the first laptops, the company didn’t use
the Apple logo.
80
3 When you closed the first laptops, you saw the

A LESSON IN LOGOS logo upside down.

4 On modern Apple laptops, other people can see
the logo correctly when you are using it.
5 If we see other people doing something, we
A logo is how people recognize your company.
often copy them.
When you see a tick logo on an advertisement,
for example, you know it’s Nike sportswear. The 3 Discuss these questions as a class.
gold ‘M’ on red says ‘McDonalds’. And everyone
knows who made the technology you are using 1 Do you agree with the last sentence in the
when it has an apple on it. article? Is it true for you? Why? / Why not?
The Apple logo is one of the simplest but most 2 How important do you think logos are? Do
successful logos in the world. Apple products are they make you buy products?
used in millions of homes and offices. Over five
hundred iPhones are sold every minute and the Wordbuilding word forms
company makes more than two hundred billion
dollars a year. An Apple product is recognized by 4 Match these word forms with the definitions (1–5).
people all over the world because of its design
advert   ​advertise   ​advertisement   advertiser   ​
and the famous logo.
advertising   
However, when the first Apple laptops were
produced in 1999, Apple realized they had a
1 (verb) to tell the public about a product, job or
problem with their logo. When the laptop was
service
put on a table, the customer saw the Apple logo 2 (noun) short for the word advertisement
on the top of the laptop. But when the laptop 3 (noun) a person or company that advertises
was open, the logo was upside down. This wasn’t 4 (noun) a notice, picture or film telling people
a problem for the person using the laptop, but it about a product, job or service
didn’t look good to other people. In the end, the 5 (noun) the activity of telling the public about a
logo was turned round so that the logo was seen product, job or service
correctly by other people.
Why was it so important to Apple? Because
WORDBUILDING word forms
when you see other people using a product, you
are more likely to buy it. When you learn a new word, try to learn its other
forms. Use a dictionary to help you.
produce (v), product (n), productive (adj),
production (n), producer (person / company)

For further practice, see Workbook page 83.

5 Look at the wordbuilding box. Complete these

sentences with the correct form of produce.
1 I work for Mercedes and we cars
and other vehicles.
2 Coca-Cola is one of the most famous
in the world.
3 Wine in France are worried about
low sales this year.
4 My brother works in video .
He makes videos for online advertising.
5 I’ve had a very day and I’ve
finished all my work.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

118 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 10 Products

6 Pronunciation stress in different word 9 Read about another logo. Choose the correct option.
forms
In the world of business, logos 1 design / are designed very
a 81 Listen and underline the stressed syllables carefully. Millions of dollars 2 spend / are spent on them,
in these words. Notice how the stress sometimes because logos 3 put / are put on every advertisement and
changes in the different word forms. often on products too. Customers often 4 prefer / are
preferred products with a famous logo.
advert   ​advertise   ​advertiser   ​advertising   ​ So when companies 5 try / are tried to change their logo
advertisement   ​product   ​produce   ​producer   ​ they have to be very careful. Gap is a good example of
productive   ​production how companies sometimes 6 make / are made mistakes
with logos. Gap clothes 7 buy / are bought all over the
b 81 Listen again and repeat the words. world and the simple blue logo 8 recognize / is recognized
on every high street. However, in 2010, the company
Grammar the passive 9
decided / was decided to change the logo.
Many of its customers 10 complained / were complained,
THE PASSIVE and a week later, the company 11 changed / was changed
the logo back. The company hadn’t realized how much
Present simple passive
1 An Apple product is recognized by people all over the its logo 12 loved / was loved by its customers.
world.
2 Apple products are used in millions of homes.
Past simple passive
3 The first Apple laptops were produced in 1999.
4 The logo was turned round.

For further information and practice, see page 174.

7 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Answer

these questions.
a In a passive sentence we use the past participle 10 Complete these sentences so they are true for you.
of the main verb. What other verb do we use? Use the passive form of the verb.
b Compare sentence 1 with this active sentence: 1 My bag (make) in
People all over the world recognize an Apple . (which country?)
product. 2 My favourite film (direct)
In which sentence is people the subject and in by . (who?)
which sentence is an Apple product the subject? 3 My home (build) in
c Sentences 2, 3 and 4 don’t say who does the . (when?)
action. Why is this? 4 My favourite book (write)
d Sentence 1 says who does the action. Which by . (which author?)
word introduces this?

8 Complete the information about YouTube with the Speaking my life

present simple passive and the past simple passive
form of the verbs. 11 Work in pairs. Take turns to choose a type of
product from the list. Think of a famous product
YouTube in numbers or a product you often buy. Your partner has to
ask a maximum of ten questions and guess the
• Six billion hours of YouTube video company. Use the ideas below or your own ideas.
1
(watch) every month.
• Four hundred hours of video 2 a drink   ​
a car   ​
clothes   ​
furniture   ​technology
(upload) every minute.
• The first YouTube video 3 (call)
Was it invented in this country?
‘Me at the zoo’. It 4 (make) by
Where is it made?
Jawed Karim in 2005.
How is it normally sold? (e.g. in shops, online)
• Ten years ago, the site 5 (visit)
Can you describe the logo?
by 20 million people per month. Today, the
Is the product a fizzy drink?
YouTube website 6 (use) by
1.3 billion people per month. A: Was it invented in this country?
• YouTube 7 (sell) in 2006 and now B: No, it was invented in the USA.
it 8 (own) by Google.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PRODUCTS I BUY HABITS IN THE PAST
USING LESS STUFF DISCUSSING OPINIONS 119
my life A REVIEW
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary describing design • listening product design • grammar used to • pronunciation /s/ or /z/ •
speaking habits in the past

10b Product design

Vocabulary describing design Listening

1 Read the sentences (1–7). Match the adjectives in 3 How do you listen to music? Do you use:
bold to the definitions (a–g).
1 records? 4 downloads?
1 You don’t need to read the instructions because 2 cassettes? 5 streaming?
it’s so user-friendly. 3 CDs?
2 I know my clothes are old-fashioned, but I
can’t afford anything new. 4 82 Listen to a radio programme about a
3 I still use the same phone I had five years ago. famous product called the Sony Walkman. Which
It looks very basic but it works. things from Exercise 3 did it play?
4 I can sell you this one now, but a more up-to-
5 82 Listen again. Read the questions and choose
date model comes out in three weeks.
the correct option (a–c).
5 That style of dress is very fashionable this
summer. Everyone’s wearing it. 1 What does the speaker say about listening to
6 I like her taste in clothes. She always wears music in the seventies?
classic designs. a People didn’t listen to as much music as
7 My mother gave me this bag. It’s very useful they do now.
because it holds everything. b You couldn’t listen to music on your way
to school or work.
a simple, not complicated
c Music wasn’t as good and it’s better
b it does a good job
nowadays.
c easy to learn how to use
2 What showed that the Sony Walkman was
d simple and traditional but always in fashion
successful, according to the speaker?
e out-of-date, not modern
a Lots of people bought it.
f the latest or newest
b Other companies copied it.
g popular at the moment
c It was in the English dictionary.
2 Work in pairs. Use the adjectives from Exercise 1 to 3 Why did some people think the Sony Walkman
describe the designs of objects: was a crazy idea?
a It didn’t look very stylish.
• in the photo. b It didn’t do lots of different things.
• in your bag. c It was too small.
• in your classroom.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

120 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 10 Products

8 Underline the best option.

1 I used to / use to buy CDs but now I download all my
music.
2 We used to go / went to our first music concert when we
were fourteen.
3 Musicians used to play / played live all the time but
nowadays they spend more time in recording studios.
4 My brother didn’t use to / didn’t use have long hair, but
he grew it when it became fashionable.
5 I didn’t use to learn / didn’t learn the guitar until I was
twelve years old.
6 My parents didn’t use to take / didn’t take me to concerts,
but I go every week now.
7 Did you use / used to like this song?
8 When did you move / use to move to England?

9 Pronunciation /s/ or /z/

a 83 Listen and read the sentences. Notice the
pronunciation of the words use and used. Which words
have the sound /s/ and which have the sound /z/?
I used to buy CDs but I didn’t use to buy records.
Nowadays, I use my mobile phone to download music.

b 83 Listen again and repeat the sentences.

10 Complete the sentences with used to, didn’t use to or did

you use to and the verb given.
1 My family (spend) every summer
on a boat. It was great.
2 I (eat) vegetables when I was a
child, but I love them now.
3 (you / have) a camera before you
got that mobile phone?
4 My sister (play) the guitar in
a rock band when she was younger. They sounded
terrible, but she loved it!
5 He (earn) much money compared
to what he earns nowadays. His current job is really
well-paid.
Grammar used to 6 (you / write) letters before email
was invented?
USED TO
People used to buy music on vinyl records.
My mother used to have a Sony Walkman. Speaking my life
We didn’t use to download music.
Did you use to buy CDs? 11 Write five true sentences about your past with used to or
didn’t use to. Then write the question form.
For further information and practice, see page 174.
I used to play the guitar. Did you use to play the guitar?
I didn’t use to like vegetables. Did you use to like vegetables?
6 Look at the grammar box. What form of the verb
follows used to? 12 Work in pairs. Ask and answer your questions from
Exercise 11. Find similarities and differences between you
7 Compare this sentence with the sentences in the and your partner.
grammar box. Answer the questions (1–2).
He bought his first record in 1973. A: Did you use to play the guitar?
B: No, I didn’t use to play the guitar, but I used to play the
1 Which form do we use to describe a single piano.
action at a specific time in the past? A: Did you use to like vegetables?
2 Which form do we use to describe a habit in the B: Yes, I did.
past which is not true now?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PRODUCTS I BUY HABITS IN THE PAST
USING LESS STUFF DISCUSSING OPINIONS 121
my life A REVIEW
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading is stuff winning? • critical thinking fact or opinion? • speaking using less stuff

10c Is stuff winning?

Reading Critical thinking fact or opinion?
1 Read this conversation between two people. 6 Look at the sentences (1–6) from the article.
Answer the questions. Which sentences:
1 Where do you think it is happening? a give facts?
2 Who is the conversation between? b give the author’s opinion?
c report other people’s opinion?

A: This room is so untidy. There’s too much 1 The email inbox shows 243 unread emails.
stuff everywhere. 2 The good news is that now there is an excellent
B: I know. I’ll tidy it but I don’t have anywhere website to help people like me.
to put some of these things. 3 When Ryan Nicodemus and Joshua Fields
A: Well let’s throw some of it away. For Millburn set up this website, they had 52
example, what’s this thing? visitors in the first month.
B: No, don’t throw that away. I like to keep 4 Some people think that there is a problem with
stuff like that, just in case. having lots of stuff in our heads.
5 People said they were bored of watching TV.
6 We should also have less stuff in our heads.
2 Look at the words stuff and thing in the
conversation. Which is countable? Which is 7 Work in pairs. Underline the words in Exercise 6
uncountable? which helped you to answer. Which types of
words or phrases did you underline:
3 Look at the photo on page 123. Is your home full
of stuff like this? Or is it very tidy with only a few 1 for factual information?
things? 2 for opinions and reporting opinions?

4 Read the article quickly. What is the article mainly 8 Look at the article again. Which statement (a–c)
about? Choose the best option (a–c). do you agree with? Give reasons for your answer.

a Some people are buying too much stuff and a On the whole, the article is based on facts and
need to spend less. results.
b Some people are bored because they have b On the whole, the article is based on the
nothing to do. writer’s opinion and the opinions of others.
c Some people are trying to have less stuff in c On the whole, the article is a good balance of
their lives. fact and opinion.

5 These sentences are missing from the ends of the Speaking my life
paragraphs in the article. Read the article again
and match the sentences with the paragraphs 9 Work in pairs. Prepare a short presentation to
(1–5). convince other people to have less stuff in their
homes or to spend less time online. Use ideas from
a They buy more stuff in order to avoid getting
the article and add your own opinions. Include
bored.
these points.
b All these people are interested in how they can
also have a ‘minimalist’ life. • Present the problem.
c Maybe one way to begin is by going offline • Present the reasons.
for fifteen minutes a day and seeing if you feel • Present the solutions.
better!
d And by the end of the month, you have thrown 10 Work with another pair. Take turns to give your
away lots of your stuff. presentations and convince the other pair of your
e I also need to reply to a few text messages from opinions.
work. Today we’d like to talk to you about the stuff in your
home. Do you spend time every day at the shops or
online buying more things?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

122 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 10 Products

IS STUFF WINNING?
84
I bought another book today and have put it on and lots of practical ideas. One of their ideas is
a pile of unread books on my new coffee table. 30 to play the thirty-day minimalism game. On day
There’s no more space on the table, which also has one you throw out, sell, recycle or give away one
digital devices, coffee cups, and some socks I need object in your life. Then on day two, two objects.
5 to put away in my bedroom. But my bedroom is On day three, three objects.
also full of stuff. I pick up my phone. The email
In the same way that stuff can fill the space in
inbox shows 243 unread emails. I’ve already missed
35 our homes, some people think that there is a
three calls since I got home.
problem with having lots of stuff in our heads.
I know that I want less stuff in my life, but at the Often people go online because they don’t want
10 moment the stuff is winning. I seem to spend all to be doing nothing, so they keep their brains
my time buying things, and then putting them busy with unnecessary activities. According to a
away, when really I’d like more time for family, 40 recent survey, most people born between 1980
friends and hobbies. The good news is that now and 2000 use their phones when they have
there is an excellent website to help people like nothing else to do: 46% check their social media,
15 me, called The Minimalists. When Ryan Nicodemus 43% play games, and a fifth do some online
and Joshua Fields Millburn set up this website, they shopping.
had 52 visitors in the first month. Two years later, it
45 In the same survey, some people said they were
has over two million visitors a month.
bored with their screens and online life; for
Ryan Nicodemus explains how it began. He was example, 27% of them said they were bored
20 working between sixty and eighty hours a week of watching TV and 14% were bored of social
and spending his free time buying more products media. So perhaps we need more time without
to make himself feel better. One day, he decided 50 all these devices and, like Nicodemus and
to start working fewer hours and to get rid of all Milburn who have less stuff in their homes, we
his stuff. After a while, he realized he was much should also have less stuff in our heads.
25 happier and he wanted to share his ideas with
others. So he set up the website with Joshua to
give advice to other people about how to become
‘minimalist’. On the website there are blog posts minimal (adj) /ˈmɪnɪm(ə)l/ very small in size or number
minimalist (n) /ˈmɪnɪməlɪst/ a person who uses a small
number of things or simple ideas in their work and life

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PRODUCTS I BUY USING LESS STUFF
HABITS IN THE PAST DISCUSSING OPINIONS 123
my life A REVIEW
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary websites • real life giving your opinion

10d Website design

RR
R E TA K E R E C RDS
H O M E     F O R S A L E     A B O U T U S     C O N T A C T

Vocabulary websites 4 85 Listen again and complete the sentences.

1 Great. I think we buy it today.
1 Complete the sentences with these words.
2 Let me show you. What do you ?
about us   ​adverts   ​contact   ​content   ​home   ​ 3 I see what you , but we can have a
links   ​search photo of the shop at the top.
4 In my it’s more important that
1 The page is the first page you see people see the records for sale.
on a website. 5 R: Also, it needs a search box so they can find the
2 Good websites have to other pages record they want.
and to other websites. S: Yes, you’re .
3 You can send a message on a website using the 6 R: Lots of other websites have an ‘about us’ page.
page. you could put the text there?
4 The page has information about S: Good .
the company or the person who has the website. 7 S: Also, I think we could have a video of the
5 Some websites have which appear shop on the page, with both of us talking
on the top or the side of the screen. They can be about who we are and what we do.
really annoying! R: Yes, I .
6 Visitors want to read and watch up-to-date 8 I’m not about that. Regular
on a website. customers will want to call or email us …
7 The box helps you find specific
5 Look at the expressions for discussing opinions
information more quickly.
and check your answers from Exercise 4.
2 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
DISCUSSING OPINIONS
1 Which websites do you visit when you want to
do these things? Asking for an opinion
What do you think?
• search for information What’s your opinion?
• listen to music Giving your opinion
• find the translation of a word into English I think we should …
• buy clothes, books or music In my opinion …
• find out the latest news I’m not sure about …
2 Why do you prefer these websites? Agreeing and disagreeing
3 What do you think makes one website better I agree. / You’re right. / Good idea.
I see what you mean, but …
than another?
I disagree. / I don’t agree.
Making suggestions
Real life giving your opinion Maybe you could …
I suggest you …
3 85 Sergio and Rachel own a shop called Retake
Records, which sells second-hand records and
CDs. They are planning a new website for online 6 Work in groups. You are going to plan a new
customers. Tick the topics they discuss (1–8). website. Discuss these questions. Use the
expressions for discussing opinions.
1 the name of the website
2 the home page 1 What are you going to sell from your website?
3 the contact page 2 What is the name of your business?
4 a search box 3 What pages do you need?
5 product information 4 How will you show your product on the page?
6 links to other sites 5 What else will you have (e.g. videos)?
7 the ‘about us’ page 7 Present your plans to the rest of the class.
8 ways of paying

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

124
my life
PRODUCTS I BUY
only. Not forDISCUSSING
HABITS IN THE PAST
USING LESS STUFF
For teaching purposes sale. OPINIONS
A REVIEW
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing a review • writing skill giving your opinion Unit 10 Products

10e A review
Writing a review 2 Writing skill giving your opinion
1 Read the review of a website and answer the a Write down any useful phrases in the review that:
questions. a give positive opinions
1 What is the purpose of the website? One of my favourite … is…
2 Why does the writer like the website? b give negative opinions
3 What is one problem with the site? c sum up the writer’s main opinion
4 What is the writer’s conclusion about the site?
b Match these phrases to the uses (a–c) in Exercise 2a.
1 One thing I really like is that …
2 In general, …
One of my favourite websites is a free
3 Another bad point is that …
photo-sharing site called www.photoshowme.com.
4 One big advantage is that …
It’s a great place for photographers to show their 5 To sum up …
photos to other people.
The site has quite a few good features. Firstly, it’s
3 Think of a website you often use. Make notes to
answer the questions and plan a review of the
easy to find photographs that you are interested in. website.
They are organized into different categories like
‘travel’, ‘food’ or ‘people’ so you can search for Paragraph 1:
What is the website? What is it for?
things you want to look at. Another good point is
Paragraph 2:
that you can comment on each other’s photos, and In your opinion, what are the good points about
every month a professional photographer is invited the website?
to make comments. In my opinion, you learn a lot Paragraph 3:
from this person’s comments. Are there any bad points or problems with the site?
The only problem is that it has too much Paragraph 4:
On the whole, what do you think about the site?
advertising. I think that’s how the site makes
money, but when you are looking at beautiful 4 Write your review. Use the useful phrases in
photographs, it’s annoying when an advert appears Exercise 2b.
on the screen.
5 Exchange reviews with your partner. Use these
On the whole, it’s a useful website for anyone who questions to check your partner’s review.
loves taking photographs and communicating with
• Does it explain the purpose of the website?
other people about them.
• Does the review give positive opinions?
• Does it give negative opinions?
• Does it sum up the writer’s main opinion?

PHOTO SHOWME F o o d      P e o p l e      Tr a v e l Submit your photo

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

PRODUCTS I BUY HABITS IN THE PAST
USING LESS STUFF
my life For teaching purposes only. NotDISCUSSING
for sale.OPINIONS 125
A REVIEW
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 10f Wind turbines

Wind turbines can save money and

save the environment

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

126 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 10 Products

Before you watch 4 10.1 Watch the video again and answer the
questions.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and answer the
1 Why was the second turbine built?
questions.
2 How are the turbines fixed in the ground so
1 Do you have wind turbines in your local area? they don’t fall over?
2 How do wind turbines work? What do they 3 Where is the power sent from the two turbines?
produce? 4 What do the farmers sell?
5 Why does Charles Goodman smile when the
2 Key vocabulary wind is blowing?
6 Why are the wind turbines useful in class?
Read these sentences. The words in bold are 7 What does Jan Bolluyt say the wind turbines
used in the video. Match the words with the are good for?
definitions (a–g).
1 The land is very flat in this area. After you watch
2 I paid off the loan on this car.
3 This tower can withstand very strong wind. 5 Vocabulary in context
4 My electricity comes from the local electricity
grid. 10.2 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
5 The price can be anywhere from one hundred the correct option to complete the sentences.
to two hundred dollars.
6 This lorry weighs a ton. 6 Work in pairs. List the different reasons in the
7 The farmer grows crops on the land. video why wind turbines are good for the area of
Spirit Lake.
a gave all the money back
b a system of cables which sends electricity 7 With your partner, prepare a short, two-minute
c not be damaged by something presentation about building wind turbines near
d a unit of weight equal to 1,000 kilograms your local town. Explain:
e with no hills or mountains
• how wind turbines work.
f plants for food
• the different reasons why turbines are good.
g a phrase used when you don’t have the exact
• why the town needs to build one.
figure
8 Work with another pair and take turns to give
While you watch your presentations. How similar were your
reasons for building wind turbines?
3 10.1 Watch the video and match the numbers
and years to the information (1–8).
a 6,000
b 2
c 81,530
d 180
e 130
f 257
g 1993
h 140,000
1 The number of wind turbines at the schools in
Spirit Lake:
2 The year the first wind turbine was built:
3 The amount of money the smaller turbine has
saved the district: $
4 The height of a wind turbine: feet
5 The total amount that the two turbines save the
schools: $
6 The amount of money Charles Goodman will
make in a year from his wind turbines: $
7 The number of wind turbines in this area of
countryside:
8 The speed of wind that the turbine can
withstand: miles per hour

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 127

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 10 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar 5 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Write five products
or brands from Unit 10. Match them with the
1 Choose the correct options. adjectives in Exercise 4 or think of other adjectives.
Gap clothes – classic, fashionable
IKEA furniture
1
sells / is sold by the 1 –
company from nearly 2 –
400 different shops 3 –
around the world, 4 –
and from its online 5 –
store. However, the
company 2 didn’t used / 6 Which part of the website (a–e) do you click to do
didn’t use to make these things (1–5)?
furniture. It 3 started / was started in 1943 in Sweden a about us d search
by Ingvar Kamprad. Ingvar 4 use to / used to sell small b contact e link
objects like watches and pens by post. As the company c home
grew, it 5 produced / was produced larger household
furniture and today around 12,000 different products
1 to go to a different website
6
make / are made, including chairs, beds, cupboards
2 to send a message to the person or company
and pictures.
who has the site
IKEA is famous for changing the way we buy products.
3 to look for specific information on the site
In the past, furniture 7 finished / was finished in the
4 to return to the main page
factory and customers 8 were bought / used to buy it
5 to find out about the person or company who
ready-made from a shop. But modern IKEA furniture
has the site
9
builds / is built by the customer after they buy it. I CAN
Also, furniture shops 10 used to / didn’t use to be in the
talk about products and advertising
centre of cities, but IKEA 11 built / was built its shops
outside the city centre. This idea was popular with talk about websites
customers and nowadays you often see large shops
outside the centre of cities. Real life
7 Read part of a discussion between three people
about the colour of a new logo for the front of a
2 ❯❯ MB Look at the text in Exercise 1 again and
shop. Write the missing words in the phrases.
answer these questions
A: The designers have sent the new logo in three
1 Which of the verb forms are passive?
different colours. 1 W d y
2 Why do we use these passive forms?
t is the best colour?
I CAN B: 2 I m o , the black and white
use the passive form of the present simple and past logo is the best. It’s easy to see.
simple C: I 3 d . Black and white is boring.
A: I 4 s w y m . It isn’t
use used to
very interesting.
B: OK, let’s look at the other two. 5 M we
Vocabulary c use the yellow logo.
C: No, I 6 d a . Yellow is very difficult
3 Complete this table of words. to see in the street.
A: Yes, 7 y r . So I suggest we use the
verb adjective noun another person
blue logo.
noun
B: 8 G i . I think we should do that.
advertise advertising
produce product 8 ❯❯ MB Underline the phrases in Exercise 7 for:
• asking for an opinion.
4 Reorder the letters to make adjectives about • giving an opinion.
products. • agreeing and disagreeing.
• making suggestions.
1 suer-rifelndy 6 lod-asfihoned
2 casib 7 pu-ot-tade I CAN
3 hasionfable ask for and give opinions
4 slacsic
agree, disagree and make suggestions
5 lufuse

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

128 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 11 History
Captain Scott’s hut was left with all its contents
in 1917, and only found again in 1956.

F E AT U R E S 1 The hut in the photo is about one hundred years old. Where
do you think it is? What do you think Captain Scott did?
130 The history of video
2 86 Listen to a historian talking about the hut and check
gaming your ideas from Exercise 1. Then answer these questions.
How computer gaming 1 What objects can you see inside the hut?
became popular 2 Why is it important to look after the hut?
3 The historian says, ‘the hut has become a time capsule’.
132 Messages from the What do you think he means by a time capsule?
past
A local fisherman who
3 Work in groups. Plan your own time capsule with five objects,
which you will bury under the ground. Discuss which five
found a message in a bottle
objects will be most useful for future historians. Use these
and set a record
examples or your own ideas.
134 Stealing history a clock   ​a copy of today’s newspaper   ​drawings and diaries   ​
How Egypt is trying to save a memory stick with music and films    a menu from a restaurant   ​
its history money (coins and notes)   ​a popular novel   ​a tin of food   ​

138 The Golden Record 4 Present your final list for the time capsule to the class and
A video about the messages explain the reasons for your choices.
on Voyager 1

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

OPINIONS ABOUT GAMES
A PERSONAL MESSAGE LOCAL HISTORY A HISTORICAL PLACE 129
my life A BIOGRAPHY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading the history of video gaming • wordbuilding verb + preposition • grammar reported speech •
speaking talking about games

11a The history of video gaming

Reading Wordbuilding verb + preposition
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo in the WORDBUILDING verb + preposition
timeline of video gaming and discuss the Many verbs are often used with a preposition. When you learn
questions. a new verb, try to also learn the different prepositions you can
1 What can you see in the photo? use with it.
2 When do you think it was taken? play with (someone), play against (someone), play for (a team),
play in (teams)
3 How many differences can you think
of between the game in the photo and For further practice, see Workbook page 91.
modern video games?
The game in the photo is black and white … 4 Complete the questions with these prepositions.
2 Read the timeline of video gaming. Answer about   ​for   ​on   ​with (x3)
the questions.
1 Do you often play video games friends?
1 Which video games does it mention?
2 Which video games are most people talking
2 Do you remember or know about any of
these days?
the games?
3 How much do you normally pay a video
3 Does anyone still play these games today?
game on your phone?
3 Read the article again. Are these sentences 4 How much do you spend video games every
true (T) or false (F)? month?
5 When you leave the house, what do you always take
1 When Pong came out, it was a new kind you?
of game. 6 Some people think video games are bad for you. Do
2 Pong was a competitive game. you agree them?
3 Only boys enjoyed playing Space
Invaders. 5 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the
4 A Game Boy only had one type of game. questions in Exercise 4.
5 People couldn’t stop playing Tetris.
6 The Wii had a different type of game and
attracted new players.
87

A timeline of

Much smaller video game devices

became available in the 90s. For example,
you could take the Game Boy with you
anywhere. It had lots of different games,
including Tetris, which was the most
popular. Many gamers said they played
Tetris for hours and weren’t able to stop!

1970 1980 1990

The first video games appeared in the 50s and When people remember playing video
60s but the first really successful game was games in the late 70s and early 80s,
‘Pong’, which came out in 1972. People said that they often think of Space Invaders. That’s
they had never seen anything like it before. It because everyone was talking about it at the
was one of the first home video games that you time – people of all ages said they loved it.
played against another person for points.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
130 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 11 History

Grammar reported speech 8 Read the first sentence and complete the second
sentence with the correct verb form.
REPORTED SPEECH
1 The boy said, ‘I love the game Super Mario.’
We use reported speech to report what someone said in The boy said that he the game
the past. Super Mario.
1 People said that they had never seen anything like it. 2 She said that she wanted a new Xbox.
2 People of all ages said they loved it.
She said, ‘I a new Xbox.’
3 Nintendo said they were working on a new type of
3 When I phoned, Mum said the children were
gaming device.
4 They said they would produce games for the whole
playing tennis on the Wii.
family to play. When I phoned, Mum said, ‘The children
Note: After the reporting verb said, you can use that but tennis on the Wii.’
you don’t have to. 4 The company said, ‘We are planning a new
version of the game.’
For further information and practice, see page 176.
The company said they a new
version of the game.
6 Look at the grammar box. Match the sentences 5 Their message said they had gone to the cinema.
with reported speech (1–4) to these sentences with Their message said, ‘We to the
direct speech (a–d). cinema’.
a People of all ages said, ‘We love it.’ 6 My father said, ‘I bought my first Game Boy
b Nintendo said, ‘We are working on a new type in 1990.’
of gaming device.’ My father said he his first
c Nintendo said, ‘We will produce games for the Game Boy in 1990.
whole family to play.’ 7 Julian said he would play against us later.
d People said, ‘We’ve never seen anything like it.’ Julian said, ‘I against you later’.
8 One scientist said, ‘Computer games will
7 Underline the verbs in the direct speech in change people’s brains.’
Exercise 6 and in the reported speech in the One scientist said that computer games
grammar box. Then complete this table. people’s brains.’

Direct speech Reported speech 9 88 Listen to a short conversation between Jack

and Sonia. Write down what they say.
Present simple 1

1 Jack: I need the TV for my game.

2 Past continuous
2 Sonia:
Present perfect or past 3
3 Jack:
simple 4 Sonia:
4 would 5 Jack:

10 Rewrite the conversation from Exercise 9 as

reported speech.
1 Jack said that he needed the TV for his game.
2 Sonia said that she
3 Jack said that he
4 Sonia said that he
and that she
At the beginning of the 21st century, Nintendo said
5 Jack said that
they were working on a new type of gaming device and
that they would produce games for the whole family to
play. The device was called a ‘Wii’ and – unlike other Speaking my life
video games – the games were active, and you could do
exercise in your living room. The Wii became popular with 11 Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions.
a new group of people – the over fifties. Write your partner’s answers.
1 What sort of games (e.g. board games,
2000 computer games) are popular in your country?
2 Do you often play any of these games?
3 What type of games do you prefer?
4 Will people play board games in the future? Or
will they only play computer games?

12 Change partners. Report what your partner said.

Aniko said that chess was very popular in her country.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
OPINIONS ABOUT GAMES
A PERSONAL MESSAGE LOCAL HISTORY
my life For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.A HISTORICAL PLACE 131
A BIOGRAPHY
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary communication • listening a message in a bottle • grammar reporting verbs (say and tell) •
speaking reporting a story

11b Messages from the past

Vocabulary communication 5 89 Listen to the news story again. Choose the
correct option (a–c).
1 Put these types of communication into the two
1 How did the captain feel when he saw the
categories in the table. Can any words go in both
bottle in the sea?
categories?
a surprised
an advert   ​an email   ​a Facebook page   ​ b disappointed
a letter or card   ​a newspaper    c curious
​a phone conversation   ​a presentation   ​ 2 Why had someone written the message?
a sticky note on the fridge   ​ a as a love letter
a radio programme   ​a text message   ​ b because they were lost at sea
a Whatsapp message c as part of a scientific experiment
3 Why is this a world record?
a It’s the longest message in a bottle which
Personal (with family Public (with lots of anyone has found at sea.
and friends) people) b It’s the oldest message in a bottle which
anyone has found at sea.
c It’s the oldest message in a bottle which
anyone has written.
4 Why did the ancient Greeks put bottles in the
sea over two thousand years ago?
a to find out if the Mediterranean Sea and the
Atlantic Ocean were connected
2 Work in pairs. Which types of communication in b to send messages to ships in the
Exercise 1 are normally used for these messages
Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
(1–6)? Give reasons for your answer.
c to help sailors who were lost in the
1 to tell someone you are getting married Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
2 to say there is a new president 5 In 1915, why did the sailor send the message to
3 to thank someone who lives in another country his wife?
for a present a to say he was coming home
4 to ask your brother to feed the cat while you b to say that he loved her
are on holiday c to say where he was
5 to share some family holiday photos
6 to tell a group of people about a new product

Listening
3 Work in pairs. Look at the newspaper headline
and photo. Who do you think wrote the message?
What do you think the message says? Tell the class
your ideas.

4 89 Listen to the news story about the message

in the bottle. Number the three parts of the story
(a–c) in the order you hear them (1–3).
a the history of messages in bottles
b how someone found the message in a bottle
c why someone sent the message in a bottle

Fishing captain finds one-hundred-

year-old message in a bottle at sea

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

132 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 11 History

Grammar reporting verbs 8 Work in pairs. Report these messages using say or
tell.
(say and tell) 1 ‘Your lunch is in the fridge.’
She him that his
REPORTING VERBS (SAY and TELL)
.
1 He told news reporters that he had been very curious 2 ‘I’m lost in the middle of the city.’
when he had seen the message. He that he .
2 The message said that his boat was sinking and that he 3 ‘I’ve loved you for years.’
loved her.
Maria Joel that she
For further information and practice, see page 176. .
4 ‘We’re waiting for you at the café.’
6 Read the sentences in the grammar box and They that they .
answer these questions. 5 ‘I’ll call you back later.’
1 Which verbs report the words of someone? Dave me that he
2 Which reporting verb is followed by an object .
(e.g. you, her, them, reporters)? 6 ‘You need to phone this number.’
3 Which reporting verb is not followed by an The message that I
object? .

7 Choose the correct options to complete the Writing and speaking my life
conversation.
A: Did I 1 say / tell you there was a great TV 9 Write a message to put in a bottle in the sea. Include
programme on last night? information about who you are and why you are
B: No, what was it about? writing the message. Use one of these suggestions
A: Space travel in the next one hundred years. or your own idea.
They 2 said / told that humans would soon land
• you are lost at sea
on Mars.
• you are stuck on a desert island
B: Really? When did they 3 say / tell that would
• you are doing an experiment
happen?
A: The presenter didn’t 4 say / tell exactly, but 10 Exchange your message with a partner. Imagine
probably in the next thirty years. someone has found the message one hundred years
B: OK. I read an article that 5 said / told there would in the future. Write a short news report about your
be a hotel on the moon soon. partner’s message. What did the message say?
A: Yes, but someone 6 said / told me a few years
ago that there were going to be space hotels Today, a person found a message in a bottle. It was
orbiting the Earth soon, and nothing’s written 100 years ago. The message said …
happened yet. 11 Read your news report to your partner.

A fishing boat near the

Shetland Islands, Scotland

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

A PERSONAL MESSAGE
OPINIONS ABOUT GAMES LOCAL HISTORY A HISTORICAL PLACE 133
my life A BIOGRAPHY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary ancient history • reading stealing history • critical thinking emotion words • word focus one •
speaking saving history

11c Stealing history

Vocabulary ancient history Critical thinking emotion words
1 You are going to read an article which 4 Look at these sentences and compare them with the
includes these words. Match the people (1–4) sentences in the article. What extra words does the
with the definitions (a–d) and the objects author use in the article?
(5–8) with the photos (e–h).
1 These people are here to discover more about
People Objects Egypt’s history. (paragraph 2)
1 archaeologist 5 tomb 2 Her team are trying to save the ancient objects at
2 soldier 6 statue Abu Sir al Malaq. (paragraph 3)
3 robber 7 painting 3 It continues to be big business. (paragraph 4)
4 collector 8 pot
5 Why does the writer use these words? What do they
a someone who buys a certain type of object tell us about the writer’s opinion?
(e.g. coins, paintings)
b someone who is in the army and wears a
uniform Word focus one
c someone who steals from others (and 6 Read these sentences from the article. Match the use of
breaks the law) one in the sentences to the explanations a–e.
d someone who studies the buildings and
objects of people who lived in the past 1 Busiris was one of ancient Egypt’s largest cities.
2 There is only sand and stone, with one or two small
villages nearby.
Reading 3 They are moving the ancient objects one by one to
2 Look at the title of the article. What do you museums and safe places.
think it is about? Why will it talk about the 4 One day in 2012, she was working here.
four types of people in Exercise 1? 5 Maybe one day the problem will be solved.
a to talk about a particular day in the past
3 Read the article and check your answers from b to talk about a careful process
Exercise 2. Then answer these questions.
c to talk about one in a group of people or things
1 What was the name of Abu Sir al Malaq in d to talk about a small number of people or things
the past? e to talk about some point in the future
2 Why was it famous?
3 What sort of people work at Abu Sir al
Malaq?
Speaking my life
4 Why do criminals come to Abu Sir al 7 Work in groups. You would like to open a new museum
Malaq? about your local town or city. Make notes about the
5 What is Amal Farag trying to do? following.
6 The robbers take some objects to sell. What
do they often do with the other objects? • what your town was famous for in the past
7 In the past, who else has stolen from • what historical objects you can show in the museum
Egypt? • what you can tell visitors about
8 Why does the problem continue? 8 Work with another group. Present your ideas and try to
convince the other group that your idea is the best. Use
emotion words.
This town desperately needs a new museum for a number of
reasons. Firstly, …

e f g h

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

134 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 11 History

STEALING HISTORY
90

A bu Sir al Malaq is a place about one hundred

kilometres south of Cairo in Egypt. In ancient times
it was called Busiris. Busiris was one of ancient Egypt’s
Abu Sir al Malaq. They are moving them one by one to
museums and safe places. However, it’s almost impossible
to save everything. She shows me a tomb on the hillside.
largest cities and it was famous for its architecture One day in 2012, she was working here with a colleague
5 and buildings. Nowadays, there is only sand and stone when she suddenly met three men. They were stealing 25
with one or two small villages nearby. But the area of Abu some historical objects from a tomb. When they saw
Sir al Malaq is still famous because of its history. Amal and her colleague, they quickly ran away. Typically,
When you arrive at Abu Sir al Malaq you meet a lot of robbers take the good pieces and throw away the rest.
archaeologists from museums. These hard-working people ‘For every nice piece’, says Amal, ‘they destroy hundreds.’
10 are here to discover more about Egypt’s history. Inside the It’s wrong to think that stealing historical objects is a 30
old tombs they can find pots and paintings which tell us modern problem in Egypt. History books describe how
more about this period of history. Surprisingly, there are people stole from tombs over three thousand years ago.
also soldiers with guns, who protect the archaeologists When Roman armies arrived in Egypt, they took gold and
and the ancient tombs. That’s because robbers often valuable objects back to Rome on their ships. And from
15 come to Abu Sir al Malaq and try to steal things. They can the 16th to the mid-20th century, different countries 35
sell these historical items for large amounts of money to controlled Egypt and took away statues and beautiful
collectors around the world. art. Nowadays, there are laws controlling the movement
Amal Farag is one person who wants to protect the area of historical objects to and from Egypt. Maybe one day
from the robbers. She works for the government and her the problem will be solved but, in the meantime, it
20 team are desperately trying to save the ancient objects at continues – sadly – to be big business. 40

desperately (adv) /ˈdesp(ə)rət(ə)li/ without thinking about your own safety

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
OPINIONS ABOUT GAMES A PERSONAL MESSAGE LOCAL HISTORY A HISTORICAL PLACE 135
my life A BIOGRAPHY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 real life giving a short presentation • pronunciation pausing

11d A journey to Machu Picchu

Real life giving a short GIVING A SHORT PRESENTATION
presentation Good morning and 1 all for coming.
Today I’d like to 2 about …
1 Do you ever give talks or presentations in Let me 3 by telling you about …
your own language (or in English)? What are So, that’s everything I wanted to 4
they about? Why would people give talks or about …
presentations in these situations? Now, let’s 5 at …
• at work The 6 part of my presentation is
about …
• at school or university
I’d like to 7 you some of my photos.
• at the meeting of a local club or town council
To sum 8 …
• at a special occasion (e.g. a wedding)
Are there any 9 ?
2 91 Listen to parts of a presentation about Peru
and Machu Picchu. Which of the topics (a–f) does 4 Pronunciation pausing
the presenter talk about?
a 92 Presenters often pause at the end of a
a the people in Peru and their customs
sentence, the end of a phrase, or before and after
b the history of Machu Picchu
important words they want to emphasize. Listen
c the history of the Incas
and read the first part of the presentation. Notice
d the capital city of Peru
the first four pauses (/) and write in the other
e his own journey
pauses.
f the food in Peru
Good morning / and thank you all for coming. /
3 91 Listen again and complete the expressions Today / I’d like to talk about my holiday in Peru /
for giving a short presentation. and in particular, about my journey to Machu
Picchu. It’s also called ‘The Lost City of the Incas’.
Let me begin by telling you about the history of
Machu Picchu.

b Work in pairs. Try reading the same part of the

presentation with similar pauses.

5 Prepare a short presentation for your partner.

Think about a historical place you have visited
and make notes for these questions. Then give
your presentation.
• Where is it?
• Why is it important?
• Who lived there in the past?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

136
my life
OPINIONS ABOUT GAMES
A PERSONAL MESSAGE
For teaching purposes only.LOCAL for sale. A HISTORICAL PLACE
NotHISTORY
A BIOGRAPHY
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing a biography • writing skill punctuation in direct speech Unit 11 History

11e The greatest mountaineer

Writing a biography c Complete these sentences with the missing
punctuation to show direct speech.
1 Think of three pieces of information you would
1 My grandfather always told me you should
expect to find in a biography. Work in pairs and
follow your dreams
compare your ideas.
2 Yes we can said Barack Obama when he
2 Read the biography of Reinhold Messner. Does campaigned to become the US President
it include your ideas from Exercise 1? Which 3 Film critics said she’s the greatest actress of her
paragraphs (1–4) mention these topics (a-f)? generation
4 Education is the most powerful weapon said
a when and where he was born Nelson Mandela
b facts about his childhood and early life
c why he became well-known 4 Write a short biography (100–140 words) about
d something he said someone famous or someone you admire. Try to
e what other people think or have said about him include all the topics in Exercise 2 and remember
f what he is doing now to use the correct punctuation with quotations or
direct speech.
3 Writing skill punctuation in direct speech
5 Exchange your biography with a partner. Use
a The biography of Messner includes direct these questions to check your partner’s biography.
speech. Underline three examples of direct
• Which topics in Exercise 2 has your partner
speech in the text.
included?
b Answer these questions about punctuation rules • Is the punctuation in direct speech correct?
for direct speech.
1 Where do you put the two quotation marks?
2 Do you always put a full stop at the end of
the quotation or only if it ends the sentence?
3 Where do you use a comma? What does it
separate?

The world’s greatest

mountaineer
Reinhold Messner has been described as the greatest
mountaineer in history. He’s famous for being one of the
first men to climb Mount Everest without oxygen in 1978.
But he was also the first man to climb all fourteen of the
world’s mountains over eight thousand metres.
Messner was born in 1944 in a small village in the
mountains of northern Italy. When he talks about the area
he still says, ‘it’s the most beautiful place in the world.’
His father was a climber and took his son up a mountain
when he was only five. As a teenager, Messner climbed
with his younger brother Günther.
In their twenties, the two brothers started climbing in the
Himalayas, but Günther died in an accident and Reinhold
lost six toes. Nevertheless, Reinhold continued climbing Nowadays Messner spends more time at home with
and he became a legend among other mountaineers. The his family and he has written over sixty books. In 2006
climber Hans Kammerlander believes Reinhold changed he opened the first Messner Mountain Museum, where
climbing. ‘Reinhold had so many new ideas,’ says people can find out more about the world he loves.
Kammerlander. ‘He found new ways, new techniques.’

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

OPINIONS ABOUT GAMES
A PERSONAL MESSAGE LOCAL HISTORY A HISTORICAL PLACE 137
my life A BIOGRAPHY
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 11f The Golden Record

Voyager 1 and the planet Jupiter

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

138 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 11 History

Before you watch 4 11.1 Watch part 1 of the video again

(00.00–01.26). Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 Key vocabulary 1 A child is speaking on the first message in the
You are going to watch a video about Voyager 1. video.
Read these sentences. The words in bold are used 2 Voyager 1’s first mission was to photograph
in the video. Match the words with the definitions Jupiter and Saturn.
(a–b). 3 The Golden Record has information about the
Earth in the year 2000.
1 The spacecraft Voyager 1 was launched on the 4 A team of six people spent a year deciding
20th August, 1977. what to include on the Golden Record.
a sent on a journey (e.g. a boat or a rocket) 5 Voyager 1 is travelling back to Earth with its
b a vehicle used for travel in space information.
2 It is leaving our solar system and going further
into space. 5 11.1 Watch part 2 of the video (01.27–04.37)
a a collection of planets (and their moons) and answer the questions.
which go round one sun 1 How many photos are on the record? What do
b the area away from earth, where the planets they show?
and stars are 2 Number these sounds (a–e) in the order you
3 Voyager 1 has completed its first mission hear them (1–5).
successfully but it still has an important a a human heart
function. b crying
a a particular job or task c birds and frogs
b a general role or purpose d wind and rain
4 There’s classical music from Europe, and jazz e a volcano
recordings by Louis Armstrong. 3 Which language is each message recorded in?
a type of music written in the eighteenth and a ‘Hello everybody.’
nineteenth century in Europe. b ‘Hello? How are you?’
b type of music that started in the early c ‘Greetings to our friends in the stars. We
twentieth century, originally by the African hope that we will meet you someday.’
American communities of New Orleans.
5 Voyager carries a message for other life forms d ‘Hope everyone’s well. We are thinking
in the universe. about you all. Please come here and visit
a all of space and everything in it when you have time.’
b any living thing

2 Look at the photo. Do you think it’s important for After you watch
humans to learn more about space with spacecraft
like Voyager 1? Why? / Why not? 6 Vocabulary in context
11.2 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
While you watch the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
3 11.1 Watch the video about Voyager 1 and 7 Work in groups. Imagine you work for NASA and
make notes about these questions. you are going to send information about the Earth
1 Why did Voyager 1 go into space? today into space. You can use a memory stick with
2 Where is The Golden Record? lots of digital memory. Discuss what to put on the
3 What is on The Golden Record? stick.
• What types of photos, videos, sounds and
music will you include?
• What recorded message will you include for
other life forms? (e.g. a greeting)
• What else can you include which represents the
Earth in the twenty-first century?

8 Join another group. Take turns to present your

plans.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 139

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 11 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar 5 Complete the text with these words.
1 Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech. paintings   ​
archaeologists   ​
statue   ​tomb   ​pots

1 ‘I want to fly in space.’

He said he .
2 ‘I’m driving home.’
She said she .
3 ‘We visited the pyramid in Giza.’
They said they .
4 ‘He’s gone to the museum.’
You said he .
5 ‘One day I’ll go on holiday to Rome.’
Matt said one day he .

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

say or tell.
1 I him to hurry up!
2 Did she what time she was
coming? The Inca civilisation was the largest civilisation of
3 Don’t me the answer. I’ll work it South America in the 13th and 14th century. Today,
out. you can visit the huge pyramids that the Incas
4 Who we’d find the tomb here? built, and 1 are still finding objects
5 Did the archaeologist who built such as 2 for cooking or 3
this house? showing pictures from their past. For example,
6 Sarah she’d be a bit late. the small 4 on the left of the photo is
a llama. It was found in the 5 of an
3 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Tell important person from an ancient Inca city.
your partner:
I CAN
• something about the story use verbs + prepositions
of this bottle
talk about ancient history
• something the newsreader
on the TV or radio said
this morning. Real life
• something your English
teacher told you. 6 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–7) with
the endings (a–g).
I CAN
use reported speech
1 Good morning everyone
2 Today I’d like to talk
3 Let me begin by telling
Vocabulary 4 So, that’s everything I wanted to
5 Now, let’s look
4 Choose the correct option. 6 That’s the end
In 2010, everyone was talking 1 on / about a new 7 But before I finish,
video game called Angry Birds. Everyone was a you a bit about the city of Pisa.
playing 2 in it / it on their mobile phones because b of my talk.
– unlike other types of video games – you didn’t c and thank you for coming.
have to spend much money 3 at / on the app and d are there any questions?
you could take it 4 with / on you everywhere. For a e about my visit to Italy.
few months, it was the most popular video f say about Pisa.
game in the world. There were g at my next stop which was the city of Florence.
Angry Birds toys and clothes,
TV shows and adverts. There is 7 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at the sentence
even an Angry Bird park in beginnings (1–7) in Exercise 6. Complete the
Finland where you can play 5 for sentences to make your own presentation.
/ against other people using large
I CAN
Angry Birds.
give a short presentation

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

140 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 12 Nature

Chasing a tornado
in Kansas, USA

F E AT U R E S 1 Look at the photo and describe what you can see. Use some of
these words to help you.
142 What if …?
bright   ​cloud   ​dark   ​evening   ​fall   ​light   ​move   ​
Discussing the impossible rain   ​shine   ​storm   ​sun
with real science
I think it’s the afternoon. There’s a tornado and it’s moving.
144 Nature in one cubic
foot 2 93 Listen to part of a documentary about storm chasers
and answer the questions.
Photographing a secret
world of animals and plants 1 What do most people do when a tornado is coming?
2 What type of people are storm chasers?
146 Living with 3 What do storm chasers do?
chimpanzees 4 What is a common time of day to see a tornado?
5 Why are tornadoes dangerous?
The life of Jane Goodall
3 Think about your answers to these questions. Then tell
150 Cambodia animal the class.
rescue 1 Why do you think people want to be storm chasers?
A video about the work 2 Would you like to be a storm chaser? Why? / Why not?
of an organization to save
animals

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

HOPES AND DREAMS
my life For teaching purposesANonly.
QUESTIONS WITH ANY-
INTERVIEW
Not forFINDING
sale.A SOLUTION 141
AN ARTICLE
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary extreme weather • reading what if …? • grammar second conditional •
pronunciation would / wouldn’t / ‘d • speaking hopes and dreams

12a What if …?
a

Vocabulary extreme weather

1 Match these weather words with the photos (a–d).
flood   ​hail   ​snowstorm   ​thunder and lightning

2 Discuss the questions.

1 Which parts of the world often have the b c
extreme weather in Exercise 1?
2 Which types of extreme weather do you have
in your country? Do you have extreme weather
at certain times of the year?
3 What’s the weather like today? Is it normal for
this time of year?

Reading
3 Read the article. What kind of questions does
Randall answer on his blog?
d
4 Read the article again and answer these questions
with yes or no.
1 Does Randall work for NASA?
2 Do people send in questions about things that
really happened?
3 Does Randall use scientific facts to answer the
questions?
4 Are you safer from lightning on a submarine
than on a boat?
5 Can the electricity from lightning move across
water?
6 Can hail break a car windscreen?

94

WHAT IF …? Would I be safe if I was in a swimming pool during

Randall Monroe is a scientist and he used to work for a thunderstorm?
NASA. One day he started a blog called What if …? You wouldn’t be safe if your head was above the
Every week people send Randall questions about unlikely water. Lightning might hit you. And if the lightning
or impossible things, and Randall gives scientific answers. hit the water near you, the electrical energy would
spread outwards across the water.
Here are some What … if …? questions about weather
and nature. If it was raining, how fast would you have to drive
to break the car windscreen?
What would happen if lightning hit you in a The rain would
submarine? What if you were in a boat? break the glass if
If you were in a submarine, you’d be safe because you’d you drove at the
be underwater. However, lightning usually hits the tallest speed of sound.
thing, so if you were on a flat surface, like in a boat on But if you did that,
the sea, you wouldn’t be as safe. the car would take
off! Rain wouldn’t
break the glass
if you drove at a
normal speed.
But in freezing temperatures, hail would break the
windscreen if you drove fast. In fact, that sometimes
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co happens in some parts of the world.
142 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 12 Nature

Grammar second conditional 8 Complete the second sentence using the second
conditional. Describe the opposite situation to
SECOND CONDITIONAL the first sentence.
If you were in a submarine, you’d be safe. 1 It doesn’t rain here so the land is very dry.
If you were in a boat, you wouldn’t be as safe. If it rained , the land
You wouldn’t be safe if your head was above the water. wouldn’t be as dry.
The rain would break the glass if you drove at the speed
2 The river never floods, so we don’t have to leave
of sound.
our homes.
Would I be safe if I was in a swimming pool during a
thunderstorm?
If the river , we
What would happen if lightning hit you in a submarine? leave our homes.
3 We don’t get hot temperatures in my country, so
For further information and practice, see page 178. people don’t need air conditioning.
If we hot temperatures in my
5 Look at the grammar box. Then choose the correct country, we air conditioning.
option (a–b) to complete these sentences. 4 We need to check the weather forecast every day
because there are sudden tornadoes at this time of
1 We form the second conditional with:
year.
a if + past simple + would + verb.
If there sudden tornadoes at
b if + present simple + will + verb.
this time of year, we check the
2 We use the second conditional to talk about:
weather all the time.
a real situations.
5 It doesn’t snow here in winter, so we are able to
b impossible or unlikely situations.
drive to work every day.
3 The second conditional refers to situations in:
If it here in winter, we
a the past.
drive to work every day.
b the present or future.
4 A comma separates the two clauses when:
9 Pronunciation would / wouldn’t / ’d
a the first clause begins with if.
b the second clause begins with if. a 95 Listen to a short conversation. How many times
do you hear the words would, wouldn’t or ’d?
6 Put these words in the correct order to make
second conditional sentences. The first word b Look at the audioscript on page 189 and check
is correct. your answers. Then work in pairs. Practise reading
1 If / time, / I / had / you / help / I / with / the conversation.
your / ’d / homework / .
2 You / need / help / wouldn’t / listened / Speaking my life
class / if / you / in / .
3 Would / you / for / ask / friends / your / 10 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions.
money / if / didn’t / you / have / any / ? 1 Would you live in another country if you could?
4 I / ancient / Rome / ’d / visit / if / time / Where would you move to? Why?
travel / possible / was / . 2 If you could meet someone famous, who would it
5 They / use / translator / a / wouldn’t / be? What would you ask him or her?
English / they / if / spoke / . 3 If you won a lot of money, would you stop working /
6 If / business, / a / new / started / you / studying? How would you spend the money?
would / produce / what / you / ?
I’d like to live in another country if I could. I’d probably
7 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs. move to Canada, because it has beautiful places.

What would happen if there wasn’t a Gulf Stream?

The Gulf Stream is a stream of warm water which begins in Florida and travels across the
Atlantic Ocean. As a result, countries on the west coast of Europe have warmer climates. If
the Gulf Stream 1 (stop) flowing, Europe 2 (be)
very different. Countries like Great Britain 3
(become) much colder,
especially in winter. If the sea was colder, spring and summer 4 (not /
last) as long. Farmers 5 (not / be able to) produce certain types of
food and heating costs 6 (go up). So if we 7
(not / have) the Gulf Stream, a lot of Europeans 8 (have to) change
the way they live.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

HOPES AND DREAMS
my life For teaching purposes AN
QUESTIONS WITH ANY
INTERVIEW
only. Not forFINDING
sale. A SOLUTION 143
AN ARTICLE
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 vocabulary nature • listening a documentary • grammar anywhere, everyone, nobody, something •
speaking questions with any-

12b Nature in one cubic foot

A B Vocabulary nature
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the
questions.
1 Do you like taking photos?
What kinds of photos do
you take?
2 Do you ever take photos of
nature? Why? / Why not?

2 Look at the photos (A–D). Which

of these places (1–8) can you see in
the photos? Which three places are
man-made?
1 forest 5 garden
2 mountain 6 ocean
3 field 7 park
4 river 8 desert

3 Work in pairs. Which of the places

in Exercise 2 do you:
• see every day?
• see when you go on holiday?
• never see?

Listening
C D 4 96 Listen to a documentary
about David Liittschwager, the
photographer. Why does he take
photos of wildlife in the green
metal frame?

cube (n) /kju:b/ a shape like a box that

has six equal square sides (cubic = adj)

5 96 Listen to the documentary

again. Are these sentences true (T)
or false (F)?
1 Many people think they don’t
live near nature.
2 David Liittschwager wants
people to notice the wildlife
near them.
3 David took his green metal
frame to different parts of the
world.
4 He spent three weeks taking
photos around the world.
5 He only photographed living
things that are smaller than one
millimetre in size.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

144 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 12 Nature

Grammar anywhere, everyone, 9 Complete the questions and answers in four

different conversations. Use the highlighted words
nobody, something, etc. from the grammar box.
ANYWHERE, EVERYONE, NOBODY, SOMETHING, etc. A: Did you go 1 where interesting
Affirmative
yesterday?
1 David Liittschwager wants to show us that everyone can B: No, I stayed in. I wanted to watch
find nature.
2
thing on TV about plants and
2 Plants and animals are always somewhere nearby. animals in South Africa.
Negative
A: Sorry I’m late. Has 3 one phoned
3 There’s nowhere to look at nature.
4 You don’t see anything except people walking their dogs.
for me?
B: 4 body phoned but
Question 5
some left this letter at reception.
5 Have you photographed anything interesting?
Note: -body and -one mean the same: A: I’m starving, I’ve had 6 thing to eat
Everyone / Everybody can find nature.
all day.
For further information and practice, see page 178 B: Well, why don’t we go and get something to eat?
There are cafés 7 where in this part
6 Look at the grammar box. Look at the parts of the of town.
words highlighted in yellow. Then complete these A: Have you seen my pen? I left it
rules with -thing, -where, -body or -one. 8
some on my desk.
1 We use or to talk B: No, I haven’t. And 9 no moved
about people.
10
any when you were out.
2 We use to talk about places.
3 We use to talk about objects. Speaking my life
7 Look at the parts of the words highlighted in blue 10 Work in pairs. Complete the questions with words
in the grammar box. Complete the sentences with starting with any-. Then take turns to ask the
any-, every-, some- or no-. questions and answer in your own words. Try to
1 body loves taking photos. It’s very use words with any-, every-, some- or no- in your
popular. answers.
2 body likes that photo. We all look 1 Are you going nice on holiday
terrible in it. this year?
3 ‘Did body take a photo of me?’ 2 Did you do interesting last
‘No, I don’t think body did.’ weekend?
4 body took my photo. It’s in 3 Have you ever met you know
today’s newspaper. while you were on holiday?
8 Read about the places in the photos A–D. Choose
the correct options.

Central Park, New York

Some people think that there isn’t 1 anywhere / anyone to see
nature in New York. But Central Park is a quiet place with a
forest full of plants and animals, and you can always find
2
somewhere / nowhere to sit and watch and listen to nature.

Monteverde Reserve, Costa Rica

There’s probably 3 nowhere / nothing else in the world with so
many different plants. There are plants of all sizes and colours
4
everywhere / somewhere you look.

Duck River, Tennessee Coral reef, French Polynesia

5
Everybody / Somebody in Tennessee who likes fishing knows 6
Everything / Everybody looks bright and colourful on a coral reef
about the Duck River. It’s one of the best rivers in the USA for and there’s always 7 anything / something beautiful to look at, from
different kinds of fish. the multi-coloured coral to the orange, green and yellow sea life.

HOPES AND DREAMS

ILA Vietnam AN
Ltd
QUESTIONS WITH ANY-
Co
INTERVIEW FINDING A SOLUTION
145
my life AN ARTICLE
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 reading living with chimpanzees • critical thinking close reading • word focus start • speaking an interview

12c L
 iving with chimpanzees
Reading Word focus start
1 What are your favourite animals? Explain why. 6 Look at the words in bold in the sentences. Match
the uses of the word start to the forms (a–d).
2 Read the article about Jane Goodall quickly. Which
paragraphs (1–5) describe: 1 Jane Goodall and her mother started their new
life in Africa on July 14, 1960.
a her early life in Africa? 2 She started to write in her diary every day
b how she became well-known? 3 During the seventies a war started.
c her current life and work? 4 Jane started running towards the forest
3 Read the article again. Put these events in the a verb + to + infinitive
order they happened and write the year or decade. b verb + -ing form
c verb + noun phrase
a The human population in the region increased.
d verb (not followed by an object or verb)
b She became a doctor.
c A war started in Gombe. 7 Match the questions (1–4) with the answers (a–d).
d She saw her first chimpanzee. 1 – 1960
e She started writing a diary. 1 Why did you start to learn Chinese?
f She goes back to Gombe every year. 2 What time does the football match start?
g She published her first book. 3 If you started a new life, what would you do?
h She left Gombe to travel and give talks. 4 Why did you start working here?
a I had a part-time job in the summer and then
4 Match the words from the article (1–5) with the
they offered me a full-time job.
definitions (a–e).
b I thought it would be useful in the future.
1 tool (line 17) c I don’t know. Maybe I’d go and work with
2 natural habitat (line 34) animals somewhere.
3 survive (line 35) d At three.
4 lecture (line 42)
5 conservation (line 48)
Speaking my life
a an object for making and doing things
b the protection of nature and wildlife 8 Work in pairs. Imagine you are Jane Goodall.
c a place where you find a certain type of animal Answer these questions with the information from
or plant paragraphs 1 and 2 of the article.
d a formal talk to people about a specific subject 1 When did you first arrive in Africa?
e continue to live 2 What possessions did you have with you?
3 When did you see a chimpanzee for the first
Critical thinking close reading time?
4 What three discoveries did you make about
5 Read the article again. Are these sentences true (T) or chimpanzees?
false (F)? Or is the information not in the article (N)?
9 With your partner, write four more questions for
1 Jane and her mother hadn’t enjoyed life back Jane Goodall using the information in paragraphs
in England so they moved. 3, 4 and 5.
2 They didn’t arrive with many possessions.
3 Jane had studied chimpanzees at university. 10 Work with another pair and take turns to ask and
4 No one knew that chimpanzees ate meat before answer your questions.
Jane discovered it.
A: What happened to you in 1966?
5 Some scientists didn’t believe Jane’s research
B: I became a Doctor.
at first.
6 During the seventies and eighties, humans 11 Write down five important dates in your life. Give
caused the problems in Gombe. them to your partner. Ask and answer questions
7 For a while, Jane stopped helping chimpanzees. about your dates.
8 Jane has retired from her job.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

146 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 12 Nature

97
Jane Goodall and her mother started their new life in During the seventies, there was a war in the
Africa on July 14, 1960. They arrived on the east shore region and Gombe became a dangerous
of Lake Tanganyika in the Gombe National Park. A place. Many foreigners left, but Jane stayed.
group of men met them and carried their luggage. Eventually the war ended, but there was 30
5 They didn’t have very much: a tent, a few clothes and another problem at the start of the 1980s.
a cup. Later on the same day, somebody said they had As the human population increased in Gombe,
seen a chimpanzee. Straight away, Jane started running more trees were cut down. With fewer trees,
towards the forest, where she saw a chimpanzee for the the chimpanzees lost their natural habitat
first time. and it became difficult for them to survive. 35
10 Jane had always dreamed of visiting Africa and studying By the end of the decade, only about a
chimpanzees, but she didn’t know much about them hundred chimpanzees were living in Gombe.
and she had no scientific qualifications. However, after At this time, Jane started working with local
she arrived in Gombe, she spent many months watching people to grow more trees in the region.
groups of these animals and learning about them. She After 1989, Jane left Gombe and started 40
15 started to write about them in her diary and after many travelling to other parts of the world. She
months of difficult work, she made three important and gave lectures about her work and she
new discoveries: chimpanzees ate meat, they used tools organized safe places for young chimps
to get food and they also made tools. whose parents had died or been killed.
She began to publish articles in journals such as Now in her eighties, she spends about three 45
20 National Geographic magazine. After a while, scientists hundred days a year giving interviews, talks
started reading her studies and Jane was offered a and lectures, meeting with government
place at university. Finally, in 1966, she became Doctor officials about animal conservation and
Jane Goodall. Her work also made her famous. There raising money for the Jane Goodall Institute
was a film documentary, Miss Goodall and the Wild which continues her research. And she still 50
25 Chimpanzees (1963) and then the first of many books, spends part of every year in the forest in
called My Friends the Wild Chimpanzees (1969). Gombe, watching her chimpanzees.

The life of
Jane
Goodall
HOPES AND DREAMS
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
AN INTERVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH ANY- FINDING A SOLUTION 147
my life AN ARTICLE
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 real life finding a solution

12d Discussing issues

Real life finding a solution 4 98 Complete the sentences with these phrases.
Then listen again and check.
1 Look at the photo of the tiger in a zoo and answer
the questions. But if we don’t   ​I’m sorry, but   ​that isn’t   ​
we can’t   ​How about   ​What if you   
1 How do you think the tiger feels? How do the ​why don’t you   ​You might
girls feel?
2 Do you ever visit zoos? Why? / Why not? 1 giving us more money?
2 Read the newspaper extract below. Answer the 2 the council doesn’t have
questions. any more money for the zoo.
3 find a solution soon, then
1 Is it certain that the zoo will close? we’ll have to close it.
2 What problem does the council need to solve? 4 advertised the zoo more?
3 What would happen to the animals if it closed? 5 But if we don’t have any money,
advertise.
6 Well, try sponsorship?
Animals have nowhere to go 7 Actually, a bad idea.
8 be right!

T he city’s zoo is going to close in six months’ time

if the city council cannot solve the problem of low
visitor numbers and lack of money. The zoo manager is
5 Match the sentences in Exercise 4 with the correct
category in the expressions for finding a solution.
worried about the animals at the zoo. ‘If the zoo closed,
they wouldn’t be able to go back into their natural FINDING A SOLUTION
habitat. We’d have to find them a new home.’ Stating and explaining the problem
The problem is that …
Making suggestions
We could also …
3 98 Listen to a conversation between the leader Responding positively
of the city council and the zoo manager. Are the That’s a good idea.
sentences true (T) or false (F)? Responding negatively
Yes, but …
1 If the zoo doesn’t receive more money, it will No, that won’t work.
close.
2 Lots of people visit the zoo.
3 The zoo manager thinks zoos help some 6 Work in groups of four. Have a meeting to discuss
animals to survive. the zoo’s problems.
4 The zoo manager likes the suggestion about Student A: Turn to page 153.
advertising.
5 The zoo manager likes the suggestion about Student B and Student D: Turn to page 155.
sponsorship.
Student C: Turn to page 154.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
148 HOPES AND DREAMS QUESTIONS WITH ANY- AN INTERVIEW FINDING A SOLUTION
my life AN ARTICLE
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
writing an article • writing skill planning an article Unit 12 Nature

12e The Eden Project

Writing an article 2 Writing skill planning an article
1 Read the article about a place called The Eden a Work in pairs. The writer used the Eden Project
Project and answer the questions. website to research and plan this article. Think of
three more ways to research an article.
1 What can you see at the Eden Project?
2 Why do people visit the Eden Project? b When you plan an article, it’s useful to write
questions and organize the information from your
research using a mind map. Match the questions
A ‘Biome’ at the Eden Project
(a–f) to the information (1–6) in the mind map.
a What is the place?
b When and where did it open?
c What else is there?
d Why is it important?
e What’s the most interesting thing about the place?
f Who visits it?

c Look at the mind map and read the article again.

How does the writer organize his information?
Match the information (1–6) to these parts of the
article.
• the introduction (paragraph 1)
• paragraph 2
• paragraph 3
• the conclusion (paragraph 4)

3 Plan and write an article about a place you know

Eden Project
or would like to visit. Write 120–140 words. Follow
The these steps.
1 Decide where you can research the information.
Since it opened in 2001 in the south-west of 2 Write questions you want to answer and find the
England, millions of people have visited the Eden information.
Project and learned about the natural world. It is one 3 Plan the article with a mind map. Write the
of England’s most important tourist destinations. questions and information on your mind map.
As soon as you arrive, you see the huge plastic 4 Decide which information will go in which
paragraph.
domes called ‘biomes’. The two biggest biomes are
5 Write the article using the mind map.
the Rainforest Biome and the Mediterranean Biome.
The Rainforest Biome has a warm climate, with
plants from parts of Asia, Africa and South America. 6
The Mediterranean Biome has over 1,000 different educates people and protects plants 2
plants from countries around the Mediterranean Sea tourists
and from California and South Africa. 5
outdoor gardens, 1
In addition to the biomes, the Eden Project also
art, theatre, the Eden Project
has outdoor gardens with plants and flowers you
concerts, courses
can use for medicine, fuel and food. There are also 3
art exhibitions, theatre performances and outdoor in 2001 in south-
concerts throughout the year. Groups of school 4 west England
children regularly visit and there are courses for the Biomes
adults about plants and nature.
So the Eden Project is not just a tourist attraction.
the Rainforest Biome
It aims to educate people about the importance of the Mediterranean Biome plants from Asia, Africa,
plants in our lives and to protect plants which are in plants from the Mediterranean, South America
danger of disappearing from the Earth. California, South Africa

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

HOPES AND DREAMS
my life For teaching purposesANonly.
QUESTIONS WITH ANY-
INTERVIEW
Not forFINDING
sale.A SOLUTION 149
AN ARTICLE
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 12f Cambodia animal rescue

At the Phnom Tamao Rescue Centre in

Cambodia there is one thing many of
the animals have in common ...

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

150 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 12 Nature

Before you watch 4 Match the animals (1–5) with the correct phrases
from the video (a–e).
1 You are going to watch a video about an animal
1 The tiger
rescue centre in Cambodia. Look at the photo and
2 The eagles
answer the questions.
3 The gibbon
1 What kinds of animals can you see? 4 The bear
2 What do they ‘have in common’? 5 The elephants
3 How do you think the rescue centre helps them?
a was found in a birdcage in a petrol station.
b is called Mimi and was someone’s pet.
2 Key vocabulary c need special care and are given food by hand.
Read these sentences from the video. Match the d are called Lucky and Sima.
words in bold with the definitions (a–h). e is called Dara and loves to play.

1 Many animals at the centre are brought in by a 5 12.1 Watch the video again and answer the
special team called the ‘Wilderness Protection questions.
Mobile Unit’.
1 What do the letters MU stand for?
2 Poachers can make a lot of money.
2 What does the MU do?
3 Matt Young works for Wild Aid, a US group
3 What do the government of Cambodia and the
that sponsors the MU and the rescue centre.
MU want to stop?
4 Once we’re sure they’re nice and healthy again,
4 What does the American group Wild Aid do?
we can get them out to Kirirom and release
5 Where did the little gibbon live before the
them.
rescue centre?
5 Dara, and the other animals at the Phnom
6 Which organization sponsors Mimi?
Tamao Rescue Centre, are all victims of the
7 Why did the family take Mimi to the rescue
illegal poaching of wild animals in Cambodia.
centre?
6 In some Asian countries, certain parts of the
8 How many animals does the Rescue Centre
tiger are ground into powder.
care for?
7 The MU can help stop more wild animals from
becoming endangered.
a people or animals that are affected by a bad
After you watch
situation 6 Vocabulary in context
b not allowed by law
c put them back into the wild a 12.2 Watch the clips from the video. Choose
d in danger the correct meaning of the words and phrases.
e made into very small pieces
f keeping something safe b Complete this summary of the video using words
g people who kill or capture animals illegally for from Exercise 6a.
money The animal rescue centre gives special 1 c______
h gives money to to many different animals. With 2 s______ from
the government, the centre looks after 3 r_______
While you watch animals. Sometimes the animals have been kept
as pets which people found too hard to
3 12.1 Watch the video. Number these animals 4
h_______. But many of them are also in danger
in the order you see them (1–8). from poaching because parts of their body are in
5
d_______ and are sold for a lot of money.
a scorpions
b eagle 7 Discuss these questions as a class.
c tiger
d crocodile 1 Why are places like the Phnom Tamao Rescue
e monkey Centre important? Do you have similar
f gibbon organizations in your country?
g bear 2 Does animal poaching exist in your country?
h elephant What animals do the poachers catch? Why?
3 What can governments do to stop poaching?
What else can we do to protect animals from
poaching?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 151

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Unit 12 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Complete the second conditional sentences with 5 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Look at the photos from the
the correct form of the verbs. unit and answer the questions for each photo.
1 If it was hotter, we (go) to the 1 What time of day is it?
beach. 2 What’s the weather like?
2 The grass would be much greener if it
(rain).
3 Hurricanes would be more common if you
(live) in the southern USA.
4 We (not / need) air conditioning
if we moved to a colder climate.
5 They wouldn’t eat my cooking if they
(not / like) it!
6 Work in pairs. Look at these words for places
2 Complete the sentences for you. Then compare in nature. Compare the two places in each pair and
your sentences with a partner.
say one similarity and one difference.
1 If I had a million dollars, I’d …
forest / park
2 If I could go anywhere in the world, I’d go to …
They both have trees, but a forest has a lot more trees.
3 If I lived in another country, I’d live in …
mountain / desert   ​river / ocean   ​park / garden   ​
3 Complete the sentences with these pairs of words.
river / park   ​field / forest   ​ocean / desert
anyone + anywhere   ​everyone + anything   ​
nobody + everybody   ​nowhere + everywhere   ​ I CAN
someone + somewhere   ​something + nothing
talk about the weather

1 is as beautiful as this region. talk about places in nature

you look, there are trees.
2 told me there’s a snake
in the grass, so be careful.
Real life
3 Has seen Michelle? I can’t find her 7 Put these words in the correct order to make
. phrases for finding a solution.
4 is hungry. Is there in
the fridge? 1 opening / about / what / a new zoo?
5 I left a message but called me 2 help? / why / ask for / don’t / we
back. Is on holiday? 3 won’t / we / sell any products / if /
6 I’d like special to eat but advertise / we don’t /
on the menu looks very interesting. 4 the / that / many people / don’t /
problem is / recycle plastic
4 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs. Can you remember 5 but / work / that / I’m sorry / won’t
why the photographer used this green cube? 6 good / a / idea / that’s
Complete the sentences.
8 ❯❯ MB Work in pairs and look at these problems.
Make suggestions to solve the problems.
• animals have nowhere to go if we close the zoo
• a school has no money to buy new technology
• a restaurant doesn’t have many customers

I CAN
find a solution to a problem

• The photographer thinks everyone lives near …

• He took the green cube to …
• He photographed anything …

I CAN
use the second conditional
use words starting with any-, every-, no-, some-

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

152 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Communication activities

UNIT 1a Exercise 3, page 10

How well do you sleep?

Mostly A answers: Mostly B answers: Mostly C answers:
The average human needs You sleep fairly well. Maybe you You work hard and get home
around eight hours of sleep wake up once or twice a night late, and sometimes work in
per night. You probably get and that’s normal. But you have the evening at home, so you
this because you usually sleep a busy life, so you need extra probably don’t get the sleep
very well. You have regular hours in bed. Try to go to bed you need. Try to relax in the
routines and you are hardly early during the week and sleep evening and go to bed early.
ever tired. an extra hour at the weekend.

Unit 5b Exercise 12, page 61

Pair A
Write questions for these answers or use your own ideas (e.g. write questions about your own country).

Buckingham Palace Dubai Easter Island the Sphinx Facebook

UNIT 5d Exercise 6, page 64 UNIT 12d Exercise 6, page 148

Student A Student A
You are the zoo manager and will lead the meeting.
1 You ordered some clothes online. You received an Here are two possible suggestions. You can also make
email from the company. The clothes are not in more suggestions.
stock. Telephone the customer service helpline.
• Ask companies to sponsor different animals.
• Say why you are calling. Their company name will be on a sign near
• Your order number is EI3304A. the animal.
• Spell your surname. • Organize an open day where everyone in the
• Find out how long you have to wait for the city can visit the zoo for free to learn more about
clothes. their zoo.
• Ask for a refund. The price was $149.50.
When you are ready to begin the meeting, explain the
2 You are a customer service assistant for a book problem and then discuss each suggestion. Start your
supplier. Answer the telephone. meeting by saying: Hello, everyone and thank you for
coming. Today we are going to discuss the zoo. The problem
• Ask for the customer’s order number and the
is that …
title of the book.
• The book isn’t in stock. You don’t know when
the book will arrive.
• Offer the caller a second-hand copy of the same
book. It’s £3.50.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 153

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Communication activities

Unit 5b Exercise 12, page 61

Pair B
Write questions for these answers or use your own ideas (e.g. write questions about your own country).

the Sun the Great Wall the Andes Twitter Lake Titicaca
of China mountains

UNIT 5d Exercise 6, page 64 UNIT 12d Exercise 6, page 148

Student B Student C
You work for the zoo. Here are two possible
1 You are a customer service assistant for a clothing suggestions to make at the meeting. You can also
company supplier. Answer the telephone. make your own suggestions.
• Ask for the customer’s order number and his/ • Start a zoo shop which sells T-shirts, posters, hats,
her surname. etc.
• The clothes aren’t in stock but they will be in • Invite newspaper and TV journalists to a special
two weeks. day where you explain the importance of the zoo
• Offer some different clothes at the same price. and its conservation work.
2 You ordered a book online called Learn Spanish
in One Week. You received an email from the
company. The book is not in stock. Telephone the
customer service helpline.
• Say why you are calling.
• Your order number is AZE880.
• Find out how long you have to wait for the
book.
• Ask for the price of the second-hand copy.
• Buy the second-hand book.

Unit 9d Exercise 6, page 112

Student B

1 You work at tourist information. Look at the 2 Now you are the tourist. Look at the information
information about the Caves of Lascaux. Answer about the Catacombs of Rome. Ask questions and
the tourist’s questions and make suggestions. complete the information.

The Caves The

of Lascaux Catacombs
The Caves of Lascaux are in the Dordogne region of
of Rome
France. The paintings there are over 17,000 years old. Opening times: 9 a.m. to and 2 to
Opening times: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 5 p.m. It’s open six days a week but
Ticket price: Adults: 8 euros, Children: 5 euros closed on .
Transport: Buses leave every 15 minutes from the city Tickets: Adults: 8 euros Children:
centre. Taxis also available. Public transport: There is .
Tours: Free tours are available but please book in
advance.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

154 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Communication activities

UNIT 12d Exercise 6, page 148 Unit 5b Exercise 11, page 61

Student B 1 the river Amazon
You work for the zoo. Here are two possible 2 the president
suggestions to make at the meeting. You can also 3 the moon
make your own suggestions. 4 Google
5 the Pacific Ocean
• Offer special tickets with discounts such as a
‘family ticket’ or cheaper prices for children.
Unit 7a Exercise 1, page 82
• Ask people to buy an animal but it lives at the zoo.
According to a report in The Telegraph, these are the
UNIT 1e Exercise 3b, page 17 jobs employers find most difficult to fill in the UK.
1 DOB = Date of birth, No. = number, 1 computer programmer
e.g. = for example, etc. = et cetera 2 nurse
2 Mr is used before the name of any man. 3 engineer
Mrs is used before the name of a married woman. 4 accountant
Ms is used before the name of a woman when we 5 marketing manager
don’t know if she is married or single.
Dr means Doctor. UNIT 12d Exercise 6, page 148
3 Form B: It says ‘Please use capital letters’ at Student D
the top. You work for the zoo. Here are two possible
suggestions to make at the meeting. You can also
UNIT 4c Exercise 2, page 50 make your own suggestions.
The riddle: the answer is ‘your name’.
• Contact other zoos and exchange animals so
The matchstick puzzle: move two matches.
people will come back to look at different animals.
• Have a parade with costumes and food through
the city centre with some of the animals.

The numbers memory challenge: most people

remember up to the seven numbers in 7430673 but it’s
more difficult to remember eight numbers or more.

Unit 9d Exercise 6, page 112

Student A

1 You are the tourist. Look at the information about 2 Now you work at tourist information. Look at the
the Caves of Lascaux. Ask questions and complete information about the Catacombs of Rome. Answer
the information. the tourist’s questions and make suggestions.

The Caves The

of Lascaux
Catacombs
The Caves of Lascaux are in the Dordogne region of
France with paintings over 17,000 years old.
of Rome
Opening times: a.m. to 5 p.m. Opening times: 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. and 2 to 5 p.m. Open
Ticket price: Adults: euros, six days a week. Closed on Wednesdays.
Children: 5 euros Tickets: Adults: 8 euros Children: 5 euros
Transport: Buses leave every 15 minutes from The tour lasts 40 minutes.
Public transport: There is the underground (Metro A
Tours: There are but please book in line) or bus 174 or 118 from outside
advance. tourist information.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 155

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 1
Present simple and adverbs of Position
frequency Frequency adverbs and expressions of frequency go
in different places in a sentence.
Use
• Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb, but
We use the present simple:
after the verb to be.
• to talk about habits and routines. They never eat out.
I play tennis every week. She’s always out at the weekend.
I don’t often do sport.
• to talk about things that are always true.
Sleep is really important for health. • Expressions of frequency normally go at the
beginning or end of a sentence.
Form I go out with friends three or four times a week.
We form the present simple with the infinitive form Once a week, I go for a run.
of the verb. To make negative sentences, we add don’t
Exercises 2 and 3
before the verb. To make questions, we add do before
the subject.
Present continuous
After he, she, it, etc. we add -s to the verb. We use
doesn’t in negative sentences, and does in questions. Use
We use the present simple to talk about things we
+ – ?
do or that happen regularly. We use the present
I/you/we/they I eat. You don’t eat. Do you eat?
continuous to talk about something in progress in the
he/she/it She eats. He doesn’t eat. Does he/she/it present. This can be:
eat?
• something actually in progress at this moment.
The verb be is different from other verbs. I can’t answer the phone because I’m driving.
+ – ? • something happening around now, but not
I I’m fit. I’m not fit. Am I fit? necessarily at this moment.
I’m looking for a new job.
you/we/they We’re fit. They aren’t fit. Are you fit?
he/she/it She’s fit. She isn’t fit. Is he fit? • a changing situation.
More and more people are changing their diet.
Exercise 1 Form
Adverbs and expressions of frequency We form the present continuous with be + verb + -ing.
We use adverbs and other expressions in present + – ?
simple sentences to talk about how often we do I I’m writing. I’m not Am I writing?
things. writing.
Mike usually goes for a run in the evening. you/we/ We’re They aren’t Are you
I’m often late for work. they writing. writing. writing?
I have a hot drink five or six times a day. he/she/it He’s writing. She isn’t Is she
We go on holiday two or three times a year. writing. writing?
Some common frequency adverbs are:
Some verbs describe states (for example, agree, believe,
100% always hate, know, like, love, prefer, want). We don’t use these
usually verbs with the continuous.
often He’s owning a really nice car.
He owns a really nice car.
sometimes
Exercises 4, 5 and 6
not often
rarely
0%

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

156 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4 Complete the sentences with the present
continuous form of these verbs.
1 Complete the sentences with the present simple
form of the verbs in brackets. become   ​build   ​go   ​not work   ​
talk   ​wait   ​
write
1 Sam (not live) near me.
2 Sofia (drive) to work. 1 I for the bus.
3 she (speak) any 2 A: Where you ?
other languages? B: To the supermarket. We need milk!
4 I (not like) waking up early. 3 She this week because she’s on
5 they (see) each other holiday.
at the weekends? 4 A: What are you doing?
6 We (be) very tired. B: I an email to my friend.
7 Some people (not need) a lot of 5 A: Where’s Michael?
sleep. B: He to someone on the phone.
8 (be) your bus late? 6 They a new house on my road.
9 He (have) a big house in the 7 More and more people vegetarian.
country.
5 Complete the pairs of sentences with the verb
2 Look at the sentences. There are five mistakes in brackets. Use the present simple form in one
with the position of frequency adverbs and time sentence and the present continuous form in the
expressions. Find and correct the mistakes. other.
1 I often am tired at work. 1 I my lunch very early today.
2 We twice a week eat out in a restaurant. I normally at 1 p.m. (eat)
3 Do you often check your phone for messages? 2 Tina rarely to work. But today she
4 She is never late to my lesson. because of the rain. (drive)
5 I have two or three times a day a cup of coffee. 3 She to her brother on the phone
6 They don’t play often board games. right now. They at this time every
7 Does usually she take public transport? day. (talk)
3 Complete the text with words from the boxes. Use 4 It’s 6 p.m. and I hard in the office.
a phrase from box A or a verb from box B in each I normally only until 5 p.m.
gap. You do not need all the words in the boxes. (work)
5 I the shopping now. I always
A   
always   ​every day    ​never   ​often    ​rarely   ​ the shopping at this time. (do)
two or three times a month   ​usually
6 Complete the text with the present simple or
present continuous form of the verbs.
B   
eat   ​get up   ​go   ​have   ​leave   ​make   ​ The Mediterranean diet
meet
People in countries like Italy, Spain, France and
I 1 2
at about 7.30 a.m. Greece 1 (live) longer than people
and get ready for work. I 3 from many other countries. This is probably
4
breakfast because I don’t feel hungry because of their diet – they 2 (eat)
in the mornings. I start work at 9 a.m. and at 12 lots of food like vegetables, fruit, nuts, beans,
I have a lunch break. I 5 6 fish and olive oil, and people often 3
my friend for lunch – normally two or three times (say) that this diet 4 (be) good for
a week. At 1.30 I start work again and finish at your heart. But the traditional Mediterranean
5.30 p.m. I like to keep fit, so I 7 to the diet 5 (change) because more and
gym 8 . I get home at about more people 6 (eat) junk food. So, in
8.00 p.m. and make dinner, but I also 9 the future the Mediterranean diet might be very
at restaurants 10 . I’m always tired in different.
the evenings so I go to bed early. And that’s my
day!

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 157

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 2
Verbs for rules The verb have to works like a normal verb. It changes
for he/she/it in the present simple, and we form
Use questions and negatives in the past and present using
To talk about rules, we use the verbs must, have to do, does or did.
and can. + – ?
• To say that something is obligatory, we use must or I/you/we/they I have to go. I don’t have Do you have
to go. to go?
have to.
You have to train hard to do a marathon. he/she/it He has to go. She doesn’t Does she
Runners must arrive twenty minutes before the race. have to go. have to go?

• To say that something is allowed, we use can. Exercises 1, 2 and 3

Members can use the swimming pool for free.
• To say that something is not obligatory but -ing form
allowed, we use don’t have to. We use the -ing form of a verb after be to form the
You don’t have to be fit to join the club. present or past continuous:
I’m getting ready to go out.
• To say that something is not allowed, we use can’t
I was watching a film.
or mustn’t.
You can’t touch the ball in football. However, we also use the -ing form in some other
You mustn’t leave any bags in this area. ways.
The verbs must and have to, and can’t and mustn’t, -ing form as the subject of a sentence
have very similar meanings. In general, we prefer to
We can make a verb the subject of a sentence. When
use have to and can’t in spoken English to talk about
we do this, we usually use the -ing form.
rules. In formal, written English, we prefer to use
Playing sport is great for your health.
must and mustn’t.
You have to pay $40 to do the race. (spoken) -ing form after prepositions
Competitors must pay $40 to enter the race. (formal, When a verb comes after a preposition, it is always in
written) the -ing form.
You can’t go near the pool with shoes on. (spoken) I’m not very good at swimming.
Customers must not go near the pool with shoes on.
(formal, written) -ing form after some verbs
But remember that mustn’t and don’t have to have We sometimes put two verbs together in a sentence.
completely different meanings – mustn’t means ‘don’t The form of the second verb depends on the first verb.
do it!’, while don’t have to means ‘it’s not necessary to After the verbs like, dislike, love, hate, can’t stand, enjoy
do it’. and don’t mind, the second verb is in the -ing form.
Jan loves watching sport.
Form I don’t mind running in the cold.
We normally use these verbs before a main verb. Exercises 4 and 5
You can borrow my running shoes.
The verbs must/mustn’t and can/can’t don’t work like
normal verbs. They never change – we use the same
form for all persons (I, you, he/she/it etc.). We don’t use
do, does or did to make questions or negatives.
+ – ?
I/you/we/they I can swim. I can’t swim. Can you
swim?
he/she/it She can swim. He can’t Can he swim?
swim.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

158 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of a
verb from the box.
1 Match the rules (1–6) with the meanings (a–c).
do   ​fail   ​play   ​help   ​watch   ​wake up   ​
a Do this. read
b Don’t do this.
c This is allowed. 1 She’s really good at the piano.
1 You must wear your seat belt in a car. 2 I don’t like TV – it’s so boring!
2 You can’t hit the ball with your hand in 3 exercise is very good for your
football. health.
3 Boxers have to wear special gloves. 4 He hates early at the weekends.
4 You can walk in a marathon. 5 I’m worried about my exam.
5 The students can’t use their mobile phones 6 a book is a great way to pass the
during the exam. time on a train.
6 We can take photos during the tennis match. 7 Thank you for me with my work.

2 Choose the correct form to complete the sentences. 5 Choose the correct form to complete the dialogue.
In one case, both answers are possible. A: Why are you 1 cleaning / clean the house?
1 You mustn’t / don’t have to kick the ball when B: It’s dirty. Why?
you play basketball. You can only use your A: It’s such a nice day – why don’t we 2 doing / do
hands. something outside? 3Staying / Stay at home is
2 We mustn’t / don’t have to go to the football so boring.
game. We can watch it on television. B: OK. What do you think about 4 go / going for a
3 If the fire alarm rings, you must / don’t have to run?
go straight outside. It’s important to be quick. A: I hate 5 run / running!
4 In many countries, you must / mustn’t wait B: OK, how about 6 going / go for a walk in the
until you are 18 to drive. It’s not possible if mountains?
you’re younger. A: That’s a good idea. We could 7 taking / take a
5 Visitors must / have to go to reception when picnic with us.
they arrive. B: Great! I love 8 eat / eating outside on a sunny
6 You don’t have to / mustn’t come tonight. Stay at day.
home if you prefer. A: Good – you can 9 making / make the picnic for
us, then!
3 Choose the correct options to complete the email.
How are you? I’m doing well. You asked me in
your email about the gym I go to, so here’s some
information for you. You 1 have to / must pay for
a whole month – you 2 don’t have to / can’t pay
for one visit. When you pay, they give you a gym
card. You 3 don’t have to / mustn’t forget this card
because you need it to get in the gym.
I like to use the bikes in the gym. I usually cycle
for about an hour, but when there are a lot of
people, you 4 can’t / mustn’t use the bikes for a
long time. I also do a yoga class once or twice a
week. You 5 don’t have to / mustn’t book before, so I
usually decide when I arrive. One last thing – you
6
have to / can’t remember to bring a towel with
you because the gym doesn’t give them to you.
Why don’t you come with me to the gym next
week? I can show you everything. Let me know!

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 159

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 3
Comparatives and superlatives Use
We use comparative adjectives to compare things. We
Form
often use them with than.
Adjective Comparative Superlative A taxi will be quicker than a bus.
slow slower (the) slowest
We could get a bus, but a taxi will be quicker.
This one’s more expensive than the others.
easy easier (the) easiest
They’re less popular than they used to be.
difficult more difficult (the) most difficult
We use superlative adjectives to compare one thing
good better (the) best
with other things in a group. We usually use the
before a superlative.
For most one-syllable adjectives, we add -er to What’s the easiest way to get to the town centre?
form the comparative and we add -est to form the
superlative. We can also use a possessive form (the company’s,
fast → faster / fastest old → older / oldest New York’s, my, etc.) and words such as the second, the
third, the next, etc.
For most adjectives that have two syllables or more, Waterloo is London’s busiest underground station
we use more + adjective to form the comparative and and King’s Cross is the second busiest.
we use most + adjective to form the superlative.
useful → more useful / most useful Exercises 1 and 2
expensive → more expensive / most expensive
as … as
For some two-syllable adjectives (often adjectives
that end in -y, -le, -ow and -er), we can either use -er or We use as + adjective + as to say things are the same.
more to form the comparative, and -est or most to form Cycling there is as quick as going by bus.
the superlative. We sometimes use one form more It’s as old as I am.
than the other (e.g. narrower is more common than To say things are not the same, we use not as +
more narrow, whereas friendlier and more friendly are adjective + as. The thing we mention first is smaller or
both common). less busy / heavy, etc.
friendly → friendlier or more friendly The UK is not as big as Italy.
friendliest or most friendly The town isn’t as busy as it used to be.
simple → simpler or more simple
Exercises 3 and 4
simplest or most simple
narrow → narrower or more narrow
narrowest or most narrow
Comparative modifiers
We use comparative modifiers when we say there
Spelling rules is a big or small difference between things that we
Note the following spelling rules when adding -er or are comparing.
-est to adjectives. To say there is a big difference, we can use a lot or
• For adjectives that end in -e, we just add -r or -st. much.
nice → nicer / nicest To say there is a small difference, we can use a bit or
• For adjectives that end in -y, we change the y to i a little.
and add -er or -est. Public transport is much more expensive than it used
busy → busier / busiest to be.
• For one-syllable adjectives that end in Lucy’s house is a bit nearer than Sue’s.
consonant-vowel-consonant, we generally We usually fly from Manchester if possible – Heathrow
double the final consonant. is a lot less convenient.
big → bigger / biggest wet → wetter / wettest
However, we do not double w, x or y. Exercises 5 and 6
slow → slower / slowest

Irregular forms
There are three common irregular adjectives.
good → better / best
bad → worse / worst
far → further or farther / furthest or the farthest

Less and the least

To make a negative comparison, we use less +
adjective to form the comparative and the least +
adjective to form the superlative.
fun → less fun / least fun
popular → less popular / least popular
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
160 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4 Rewrite the sentences using as … as so that the
meaning is the same.
1 Complete the sentences with the comparative or
superlative form of the adjective in bold. 1 Travelling by car is safer than travelling by
motorbike.
1 I’ve driven lots of nice cars, but this one is the Travelling by motorbike isn’t as safe as
. travelling by car.
2 Sheffield is quite far from here, but Leeds is
2 Cycling and driving are both dangerous. They
.
have the same number of accidents.
3 Today’s lecture was interesting but I think last
week’s was .
3 Heathrow Airport is more convenient for us
4 I’ve flown with some bad airlines, but
than Gatwick Airport.
SpeedAir has to be the ever!
5 I agree that Budapest is beautiful, but in my
4 Usually, the beach is less busy than the town.
opinion Prague is .
6 The exhibition is busy today, but yesterday was
5 Going by car is no quicker than taking the bus.
. In fact, I think yesterday was the
day so far since it opened.
7 I’m pretty good at tennis, but my friend Alex 5 Complete the sentences using the words in the box
is . Actually, he’s probably the and any other words necessary.
in the club.
8 Peru, Colombia and Bolivia are big, but a lot / busy   ​a bit / interesting   ​much / cheap   ​
Argentina is . In fact, I think a bit / economical   ​a little / big   ​
Argentina is the second country much / popular   ​a lot / quiet
in South America, after Brazil.
1 The new model is a bit more economical than the
2 Complete the transport facts. Use the comparative old one.
or superlative form of the adjectives. Add the or 2 Booking in advance can be
than if you need to. than paying on the day of travel.
1 The fastest (fast) time to visit all the 3 Well, yesterday’s lecture was
world’s countries by public transport is 4 years than last week’s, I suppose.
and 31 days. 4 The station is generally in
the afternoons and when
The world’s 2 (long) and people are travelling to and from work.
3
(deep) rail tunnel, the Gotthard 5 Cycling is generally with
tunnel in Switzerland, opened in 2016. It is 57 km younger people, especially in student towns.
long and is about 3 km 4 (long) 6 Our new car is our old one.
the Seikan rail tunnel in Japan. There’s a bit more room in the back seat.
The Dover Strait between the UK and France is 6 Complete the text about travel in Indonesia.
5
(busy) shipping lane in the Use the comparative or superlative form of the
world – 500–600 ships a day pass through it. adjectives. Add any other words you need.
The country with 6 (high) 1
(good) way to travel
number of train passengers is China with over around Indonesia depends on where you are.
17 billion rail journeys per year. This is much On major islands, getting around is generally
7
(high) India with 8 billion. 2
(much / easy). Away from
3 Write sentences using as … as and an adjective the tourist areas, it can be 3
from the box. (bit / difficult).
Buses are 4 (convenient) and
big   ​fast   ​heavy   ​high popular means of transport. Between tourist
centres, the routes are usually 5
1 Height: Mount Fuji 3,776 m, Mount Kilimanjaro (little / direct) and the journeys are generally
5,895 m 6
(quick). However, prices can
Mount Fuji isn’t as high as Mount Kilimanjaro. be 7 (lot / high) the slower
2 Area: USA 9,833,634 km2, Canada 9,984,670 km2 local buses.

3 Top speed: Kangaroo 71 kmh, Horse 71 kmh Trains run only in Java and in parts of Sumatra.
They’re 8 (bit / expensive)
4 Weight: Jumbo Jet 180,000 kg, Dreamliner the bus but are 9 (much /
120,000 kg quick) and it’s definitely worth paying extra for a
10
(comfortable) class.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 161

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 4
Past simple Past continuous and past simple
Use Use
We use the past simple to talk about finished actions, We use the past continuous to talk about an action in
events or situations in the past. progress at a moment in the past.
I visited the Taj Mahal last year. I was watching TV at eight o’clock last night.
We saw a great film at the weekend. Tony was living in Madrid in 2015.
Form Form
Past simple forms can be regular or irregular. We form the past continuous with was/were and the
-ing form of the main verb.
• We form the past simple of regular verbs by
adding -ed to the infinitive form. + – ?
want → wanted  look → looked I/you/ I was I wasn’t Were you
we/they reading. reading. reading?
• If the verb ends in -e, we just add -d:
he/she/it She was She wasn’t Was he
like → liked  hope → hoped
reading. reading. reading?
• We form the past simple of verbs ending in
consonant + -y by changing -y to -ied. We often use the past continuous and the past simple
study → studied  try → tried together. We use the past continuous for a longer,
• We don’t form the past simple of irregular verbs continuing activity and the past simple for a shorter,
with -ed. finished action.
go → went  hear → heard  see → saw phone rang now

For a list of common irregular past simple forms, see watching a movie
page 180.
To form negatives in the past simple, we use didn’t + Jack was watching a movie when his phone rang.
infinitive. I met my husband when I was travelling around
+ – India.
I/you/we/they I watched. I didn’t watch. We often use when and while to join the two parts
he/she/it He watched. She didn’t watch. of a sentence with past continuous and past simple
together. We use when before a past simple or a past
The verb be is different from other verbs. Its past continuous verb. We normally only use while with a
simple form is was or were. We don’t use did to form past continuous verb.
negatives. I met Matteo when I was studying at university.
Someone stole my camera while I was eating in a
+ –
restaurant.
I/you/we/they I was tired. You weren’t tired.
he/she/it She was tired. He wasn’t tired.
When we use when with the past simple, it can also
mean ‘after’.
Exercises 1 and 2 I called Sylvia when I read her message.
If the part of the sentence with when or while comes
Past simple questions first, we put a comma after it.
We make questions in the past simple with did + When I met Matteo, I was studying at university.
infinitive.
Remember that we don’t use verbs that describe
Why did you choose to visit Turkey?
states (e.g. believe, like, love, prefer) with a continuous
Did she have fun on holiday?
tense.
When we make questions in the past simple with the
Exercises 4, 5 and 6
verb be, we use was and were. We do not add did.
Were you tired after your trip?
Where was your hotel?
Exercise 3

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

162 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4 Complete the sentences with the past continuous
form of the verbs.
1 Complete the second sentence in each pair with 1 We (wait) for the bus.
the past simple form of the verb.
2 He (not eat) his food.
1 She wants to travel the world. 3 you (talk) to your
She to travel the world. friend?
2 It isn’t easy to get a job. 4 What those people
It easy to get a job. (say) to each other?
3 People don’t have a lot of money. 5 It (not rain) when we left the
People a lot of money. house.
4 He doesn’t like travelling by plane. 6 Where she (fly) to?
He travelling by plane.
5 My train is late again. 5 Choose the correct option to complete the
My train late again. sentences.
6 They study at the university. 1 Jack arrived / was arriving while I was watching /
They at the university. watched TV.
2 When the taxi arrived / was arriving, we got /
2 Complete the text with the past simple form of were getting in.
these verbs. 3 It was starting / started snowing while we
climbed / were climbing the mountain.
ask   ​be   ​be   ​book   ​can   ​decide   ​drive   ​ 4 He wasn’t playing / didn’t play on his computer
not know   ​have   ​take   ​not want when I was seeing / saw him.
5 Did she ski / Was she skiing when she had / was
An island holiday … with a difference having the accident?
Last summer, my husband and I 1 a 6 I knew / was knowing he had a problem when I
holiday on the island of Sicily, in Italy. We love heard / was hearing him shout.
the sea, but we 2 to spend every
6 Complete the text with the past simple or past
day on the beach. So, we 3 to visit
continuous form of these verbs.
Mount Etna, a live volcano! We 4
to the mountain from our hotel early in the can not   ​come   ​eat   ​know   ​sit   ​start   ​
morning. When we arrived, we 5 travel   ​wait
where to go so we 6 a guide to help
us. She 7 very good and told us I had an amazing surprise while I 1
about the history of the volcano. When we got around India last year. I 2 dinner in a
near the crater, there was a strong smell and we restaurant in Delhi when someone 3 in
8
see smoke. The views at the top and sat at the table next to me. I 4 her
9
amazing. We 10 a lot of face but I 5 remember who she was.
photos and after that we went back to the hotel We 6 talking and then I realized – it
and 11 a delicious lunch there. It was a was Maggie, my best friend from primary school!
fantastic experience!
But the story didn’t end there. When I got to
3 Write past simple questions with these words. the airport on the last day of my holiday, who
7
in the airport? Maggie, of course.
1 how / be / your hotel?
She 8 for the same flight and her seat

was in front of mine on the plane!
2 when / you / get back?

3 they / get the train home?

4 what / your / favourite experience?

5 you / call me / this morning?

6 How much / our / plane tickets cost?


ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 163

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 5
Quantifiers We use not any with countable and uncountable
nouns to talk about zero quantity (when there is
We use quantifiers with nouns to talk about quantity.
nothing).
The choice of quantifier depends on:
I don’t have any money.
• if the noun is countable or uncountable. There weren’t any shops open when we arrived.
• if we are talking about small or large quantities. Note that not always goes with the verb in the
Some nouns are countable. This means they can sentence.
become plural, for example computer, bag, box, We also use any with countable and uncountable
magazine. Other nouns are uncountable. This means nouns to ask questions:
they cannot normally become plural, for example Are there any good beaches in the area?
rubbish, plastic, paper, metal. Do you have any orange juice?
Quantity Countable Uncountable Exercises 1, 2 and 3
large quantity a lot of / lots of a lot of / lots of
neutral quantity some some Articles (a/an, the or no article)
(not large or small) We use a/an:
small quantity not many not much
• to talk about something that isn’t specific.
small quantity a few a little Have you got a pen? (not a particular pen)
no quantity (zero) not any not any
• the first time we mention something.
I saw a beautiful painting in the museum.
We use a lot of or lots of with countable and
uncountable nouns to talk about large quantities. We use the:
The meaning of a lot of and lots of is the same. • the second time we mention something.
There was a lot of rubbish on the streets after the A man and a woman were waiting for us at the airport.
party. The man helped us with our suitcases.
We have lots of great shops in my neighbourhood.
• when something is unique.
We use some with both countable and uncountable The sun looked really beautiful from the top of the
nouns. It does not refer to a specific amount – we use mountain.
it to talk about quantities that are not large and are
not small. • with superlatives.
I found some really useful books in the library. It was the best holiday of my life.
(= not a lot) • with the names of some places, such as oceans (e.g.
In more formal English, we use many + plural noun to the Atlantic Ocean), deserts (e.g. the Sahara Desert)
talk about large quantities. and mountain ranges (e.g. the Himalayas).
There are many interesting places to visit in the city. We use no article:
We also use many and much in questions. • to talk about plural or uncountable nouns in
Are there many good shops where you live? general.
Do you have much free time? I never stay in (–) hotels because they’re so expensive.
We don’t normally use many and much in affirmative (–) Tourism brings a lot of money to the area.
sentences in spoken English. We use a lot of or lots of • the names of most places, for example the names
instead. of continents, countries, cities and lakes.
We use not much and not many to talk about small Exercises 4, 5 and 6
quantities. We use not much with uncountable nouns
and not many with plural countable nouns.
There weren’t many people at the party.
They don’t have much money.
Note that not always goes with the verb in the
sentence.
We also use a few and a little to talk about small
quantities. We use a few with plural countable nouns
and a little with uncountable nouns:
I have a few really good friends.
There’s a little milk in the bottle.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

164 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises B: Were there 7 much / any recycling bins in the café
we were in?
1 Choose one quantifier from the pair to complete A: No, there weren’t … oh look! Here’s one! You
each sentence. can recycle your cup here.
B: Great! Now every time I have a coffee I have to
1 many / much come back here to recycle the cup!
a There wasn’t cheese in the
fridge. 4 Choose the correct option to complete these facts.
b There weren’t apples left.
Surprising facts about our world.
2 a little / a few
a There was space for me on the
1 Redwood trees are the / – tallest trees in the
world.
seat.
2 – / The Lake Superior is the largest lake in the
b We have recycling bins outside
USA.
our house.
3 China built the / an amazing bridge over the
3 many / much
Dehang Canyon. The / A bridge is the highest
a How tea do you drink in a
in the world.
day?
4 Mercury is the closest planet to – / the Sun.
b How tourists visit the national
5 – / The honey bees only live for five to six
park?
weeks.
4 some / any
6 Until around 4,000 years ago, the / – Sahara
a The car park didn’t have space
Desert was green and animals probably lived
for my car.
there.
b people prefer shopping online.

2 Choose the correct option (a–c). 5 Complete the dialogue with a, the or no article (–).
A: I watched 1 an / the interesting documentary
1 I can’t go travelling this year because I don’t
last night about 2 the / – flowers.
have money.
B: Really?
a much b a lot c few
A: Yeah, 3 the / a documentary showed where in
2 The hotel doesn’t have free rooms. 4
– / the world they grow 5 the / a flowers and
a some b any c a little
how they arrive here in the UK.
3 I have clothes I don’t wear.
B: And what did you learn?
a a lot b lots of c much
A: Well, they grow the flowers in countries like
4 He made coffee for me. 6
– / the Kenya and then they transport them
a any b many c some
round the world.
5 There weren’t people at the party.
B: That’s not great for 7 a / the environment. Did
a many b some c much
you learn anything else?
6 There was rubbish left in the bin.
A: Yeah, most of our flowers come from 8 the /
a a few b a little c little
a big market in the Netherlands. It’s 9 a / the
7 The shop had things that I liked.
biggest flower market in the world!
a much b a little c a few
B: That’s amazing.
3 Choose the correct quantifiers to complete the
dialogue.
6 Choose the, a or no article (–) in the text below.
In 1 a / the small town called Rjukan in 2 the / –
A: Wait! Don’t throw your coffee cup in the bin.
Norway, there is no sunlight for six months a year.
B: Why not?
People in 3 the / – Rjukan live without 4 the / a sun
A: Well, if 1 a lot of / a little people throw away their
from September to March. But this is changing
coffee cups, it makes 2 a few / lots of rubbish.
thanks to Martin Andersen – a local man who
B: I only drink 3 a little / a few coffees in the week.
had the clever idea to use 5 a / the mirror to bring
That’s not 4 much / many coffee cups.
sunlight to the town. 6 The / a mirror is on top of
A: Yes, but I read in an article that people throw
a mountain next to the town and it reflects light
away 7 million coffee cups every day in the
from the sun onto 7 a / the town’s main square.
UK! 8
The / – people love coming to the main square
B: That is 5 a lot / a little!
and sitting in the sun.
A: I know. The article says that 6 some / any
businesses now have new recycling bins for
coffee cups.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 165

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 6
to + infinitive future forms
We use the to + infinitive form of the verb in different Present continuous
situations.
We use the present continuous to talk about a fixed
verb + to + infinitive arrangement in the future, for example when we have
Sometimes, two verbs appear together in a sentence. agreed something with other people or when we have
The form of the second verb depends on the first verb. already spent money. We normally mention a specific
After many verbs (e.g. decide, help, hope, intend, learn, time.
need, plan, pretend, promise, want, would like) the second We’re getting the train at 11.20 a.m.
verb has the form to + infinitive. I’m going to the theatre with Michele tonight.
I need to go to the shops. be going to
We decided to move abroad.
We use be going to + infinitive to talk about general
adjective + to + infinitive plans and intentions.
When a verb appears after an adjective, it often has I’m going to travel around Asia this summer.
the form to + infinitive: We’re going to go to the cinema this weekend.
It’s exciting to visit new places. We form questions and negatives with going to in the
It’s nice to see you again. same way as in the present continuous.
Exercise 1 I’m not going to have time to see you.
Are you going to drive to the party?
infinitive explaining the purpose of an action
will
We also use the to + infinitive form to say why we do
We use will + infinitive (without to) when we make a
something.
decision while we’re speaking.
I went to the library to look for a book.
A: What can I bring you?
She’s going to Paris to visit a friend.
B: I’ll have the tuna salad, please.
We don’t use for + verb to give reasons.
We also use will to make promises and offers.
I called Jan for invite her to my party.
We’ll meet you at the train station.
I called Jan to invite her to my party.
I’ll pay for your ticket.
Note that the negative of to + infinitive is not to +
Exercises 4, 5 and 6
infinitive.
I promise not to do that again.
It’s important not to work too hard.
See Unit 2 for when we use the -ing form of the verb.
Exercises 2 and 3

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

166 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4 Complete the sentences with the going to form of
these verbs.
1 Complete the text with the to + infinitive form of
the verbs in the box. come   ​not get   ​not go   ​have   ​miss   ​see   ​
spend   ​start
go   ​learn   ​organise   ​start   ​stay   ​
study
1 I that new crime drama tonight.
Yesterday was a special day for Michael Sanders. 2 you to our party
At the age of 75, he finished his university tomorrow?
studies. ‘I always intended 1 to 3 Tanja a baby in December.
university,’ says Michael. ‘But when I finished 4 Mathieu six months in Australia
school, I decided 2 my career, later this year.
not study.’ However, Michael always had his 5 I’m married until I’m at least 40!
dream, and he didn’t give up. He was 70 when 6 we our train?
he started his university course, and it wasn’t 7 We on holiday this summer.
easy. ‘I found it hard 3 after such 8 I’m university in September.
a long time. But the other students were great.
They helped me 4 my studies so I 5 Choose the best option to complete the dialogues.
always finished my work on time.’ And Michael’s 1 A: This bag’s heavy.
not finished – he hopes 5 at the B: I’ll help / I’m helping you to carry it!
university for another year and do another course. 2 A: The coffee’s finished!
‘It’s exciting 6 ,’ he says. ‘I really enjoy Oh no! I’ll go / I’m going to the shop and get
B: 
it.’ some.
3 A: Where’s Sarah?
2 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–8) with She’s not here yet. Her train is arriving / will
B: 
the endings (a–h).
arrive at 16.32.
1 I’m saving money 4 A: Do you have plans for tonight?
2 She went to the university library I’m going to go / I will go to the cinema. I’ve
B: 
3 Let’s go to a café just booked my tickets.
4 He called me 5 A: I can’t wait until the exams are finished.
5 We went to the park I know. I’m going to have / I’ll have a holiday
B: 
6 I looked out of the window after they finish.
7 He turned on his computer
8 You need to work hard 6 Choose the best explanation (a–b) for the
sentences (1–5).
a to buy a new car.
b to check his email. 1 I’m visiting my friend John in Manchester this
c to get some lunch. weekend.
d to have a walk. a We planned this together and I already have
e to pass your exam. my train ticket.
f to see the weather. b This is an idea but I’m not totally sure.
g to study. 2 I’m going to go travelling when I finish my
h to tell me his news. university course.
a I’ve already decided where to go and I’ve
3 Choose the correct option to complete the booked some hotels.
sentences. b This is my idea, but I haven’t booked
anything.
1 I can’t stand staying / to stay inside all day.
3 It’s raining. I’ll take you to the shops in my car.
2 I think it’s easy learning / to learn a new
a I just decided this now.
language.
b We organised this earlier.
3 Jack helped me to fix / fixing my car.
4 I’m getting a new computer this week.
4 I would like to visit / visiting China one day.
a I’m going to look in the shops for a good one.
5 I’m not very good at to paint / painting.
b I’ve already paid for it and I’m waiting for it
6 I went to the shop for buying / to buy some milk.
to arrive.
7 Eating / To eat vegetables is good for your
5 I’m going to join a gym this month.
health.
a I made an appointment at a gym for this
8 I was happy hearing / to hear about your new
Friday at 10 a.m.
job.
b This is my idea, but I haven’t organised
anything yet.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 167

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 7
Present perfect and past simple Present perfect with for and since
We use the present perfect with for and since to
Present perfect: form
talk about a situation that started in the past and
We form the present perfect with have/has + past continues now.
participle.
We use for with a period of time.
+ – ? I’ve worked here for three years.
I/you/ I’ve arrived They haven’t Have you
we/they arrived. arrived? We use since with a point in time (when the situation
started).
he/she/it He’s arrived. He hasn’t Has he
arrived. arrived?
I’ve known Taylor since 2005.
We never use from with the present perfect in this
Regular past participles end in -ed and are the same as way.
regular past simple forms (e.g. change → changed, live I’ve lived in Manchester from six months.
→ lived). I’ve lived in Manchester for six months.
Many past participles are irregular. Some irregular Exercise 4
past participles are the same as the irregular past
simple form: Prepositions of place and movement
make (infinitive), made (past simple), made (past Prepositions can tell us where something or someone
participle) is or the direction something or someone moves.
Other irregular past participles are different from the
Prepositions of place
irregular past simple form:
write (infinitive), wrote (past simple), written (past
participle).
See page 180 for a list of irregular past simple and
past participle forms. at in above under below opposite

Exercise 1

Present perfect and past simple: use

We can use both the present perfect and the past between in front behind next to near on
simple to talk about events in the past. of
We use the present perfect:
We use at to talk about where we work, live and
• to talk about events and experiences, when we study:
don’t know when something happened, or we at home, at work, at school, at university.
don’t say because it’s not important. We use in with towns, cities, countries and continents:
I’ve visited over fifty countries. in London, in Mexico, in Asia
He’s written some really important books. We use on to say where on a road places are:
• to ask about people’s experiences, using ever. The bank is on the left. My house is on the right.
Have you ever worked abroad? We also use on with floors in a building:
Has Jeanne ever seen this film? on the first floor, on the second floor.

• for something that started in the past and Exercise 5

continues now.
I’ve always loved working with numbers. (= I loved it Prepositions of movement
in the past, and I still love it.) We use prepositions of movement after a verb that
describes a movement (e.g. go, come, walk, climb)
We use the past simple when we know the exact time
something happened:
I saw Max this morning.
I visited our Los Angeles office last year.
When we have conversations about experiences in down up out of inside outside
our life, we often start with the present perfect to talk
about the experience in general, and then use the past
simple to give details.
A: Have you ever been skiing?
B: Yes, I have. I tried it in California last year. past through along across
Exercises 2 + 3
Exercise 6
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
168 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4 Complete the sentences with for or since.
1 Have you lived in your flat a long
1 Write present perfect sentences using the words. time?
1 I / see / that film / five times. 2 We’ve owned our car over twenty
2 you / ever / go / Australia? years!
3 they / always / live / in the countryside. 3 She’s worked here 2015.
4 she / ever / visit / you? 4 We haven’t had a holiday two
5 I / not finish / my work. years ago.
6 why / you / apply / for this job? 5 I haven’t missed a day at work
over a year.
2 Choose the correct option to complete the 6 I’ve studied Spanish two years.
sentences. 7 He’s been a baseball fan he was a
1 I’ve started / I started my new job last week. child.
2 Have you ever been / Did you ever go to the USA? 8 I’ve had a cold over a week.
3 They’ve always loved / They always loved playing
basketball – they play three times a week!
5 Complete the email with these prepositions.
4 Jill has spoken / Jill spoke to her boss last night. below   ​between   ​in   ​near   ​on   ​opposite
5 I worked / I’ve worked in a café when I was a
student. I’ve just moved into my new flat and I love it!
6 I’ve never been / I never went to a concert in my It’s 1 a small building with three
life. floors – I’m 2 the top floor. The
3 Complete the conversations with the present people in the flat 3 my flat are really
perfect or past simple form of the verbs in the friendly and I’ve been down to their flat twice for
boxes. dinner already. There’s a park 4 the
building, just on the other side of the road. I often
finish   ​have   ​get go there for lunch. What else? Oh, my building is
5
two amazing restaurants – on the
A: 1 you work yet? right, there’s a great Greek restaurant, and on the
B: Yes – 1 2 home an hour ago. left there’s a really good Mexican place. I’m also
A: 3 you a good day? really 6 the metro station, so I can get
B: It was OK. to work really quickly.

tell   ​hear   ​send 6 Look at the map and choose the correct

preposition to complete the directions.
A: 4
you about the new Everyone in the office is really looking forward to
job at Max’s company? meeting you. Here are the directions you asked for.
B: Yes, 5 I already my First, go 1 out of / down the railway station, and
CV. You? then turn right. Go 2 past / across the bridge and
A: Not yet. Max only 6 me about it then walk 3 along / outside Bridge Street for about
this morning. three minutes. Go 4 past / through the bank and the
post office, then turn left and walk 5 through / along
have   ​stay   ​go the park. The building is opposite the park gates.
Walk 6 inside / up the steps and you’ve arrived!
A: 7 you ever to Paris?
Call me when you’re there and I’ll come 7 out of/
B: 8 Yes, I there for a week last year.
outside to meet you.
A: 9 you a good time?
B: Yes, it was great.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 169

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 8
Zero and first conditional Defining relative clauses
Zero conditional Defining relative clauses give essential information
about a person, thing or place. They say exactly which
We use the zero conditional to talk about things that person, thing or place we are talking about.
are generally true. The form is: Look at the box that’s on the table. (the relative
If + present simple + present simple clause tells us exactly which box)
If there’s important news, everyone on Twitter talks He’s the scientist who was on the TV news
about it. yesterday. (the relative clause tells us exactly
If I get an email, I don’t always read it straight away. which scientist)
If the weather’s bad, do you still cycle to work?
Form
We can also use when instead of if. The meaning is the
same. To make a relative clause, we add a relative pronoun
after a noun. The choice of relative pronoun depends
Exercise 1 on the type of noun:
First conditional • for a relative clause about a person, use who:
We use the first conditional to talk about a possible That’s the woman who we saw yesterday.
future situation. The form is: • for a relative clause about a thing, use which:
If + present simple + will/won’t Did you get the message which I sent you?
If I hear something about the job, I’ll send you a
message. • for a relative clause about a place, use where:
If you don’t read my blog, you won’t hear all my news. This is the place where they made the first battery.

Note: we never use a future form in the if clause. We can also use that instead of who or which (but not
If it will rain at the weekend, we’ll stay at home. where).
If it rains at the weekend, we’ll stay at home. She’s the artist that I told you about.
I’d love to have a machine that can cook dinner while
Order in conditional sentences I’m at work.
Conditional sentences have two parts: the if clause The relative pronouns which, who and that can be the
and the main clause. The main clause describes the subject or the object of a relative clause. If it is the
result of the situation in the if clause. subject, we don’t need another subject:
If it rains, we’ll stay at home. This is an invention that it could change the world!
if clause main clause If it is the object, we don’t need another object:
We can put the if clause first or the main clause first. Did I tell you about the film that I saw it last week?
When the if clause comes first, we put a comma before Exercises 4, 5 and 6
the main clause. When the if clause comes second, we
don’t need a comma.
We’ll stay at home if it rains.
Exercises 2 and 3

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

170 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4a Complete the sentences with who, which, or where.
1 That’s the man lives next door to
1 Match the sentence beginnings (1–7) with the me.
endings (a–g)
2 This is the book helped me pass
1 If I get a message, the exam.
2 If she doesn’t sleep well at night, 3 He visited the town his parents
3 It’s bad for your skin were born.
4 When he has an exam, 4 We liked the chocolate you
5 If it rains, bought us.
6 Babies cry 5 I got this present from the old lady
7 My boss gets angry lives on our street.
6 This is the café I first met my wife.
a he has to study hard.
7 Can you see the cat is lying on top
b when they are hungry.
of the car?
c if you sit out in the sun for a long time.
d if I am late for work. 4b Tick the sentences in 4a in which that can be used
e she feels tired the next day. as a relative pronoun.
f I reply straight away.
g the roads are always busy. 5 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. Two
sentences are correct.
2 Make first conditional sentences with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. 1 They have a daughter who is a doctor.
2 This is the house that I want to buy it.
1 If we (finish) the meeting early, 3 She bought the car who she saw last week.
we (go out) for a coffee. 4 Look! That’s the friend which I was talking
2 You (miss) the train if you about yesterday.
(not leave) the house now. 5 Those are the students who they are looking for
3 If the weather (be) bad tomorrow, a flat.
I drive to work. 6 I watched the documentary that was on TV
4 He (not come) to the party if he yesterday evening.
(feel) ill. 7 He didn’t see the person who he took his
5 If I (go) to the supermarket, I wallet.
(buy) you some chocolate.
6 If she (not do) her homework, her 6 Complete the text with the phrases below and
teacher (be) angry. who, which, that or where.
7 I (not answer) my phone if I a I didn’t want to be friends with again
(be) busy. b lived next door to me
3 In each section, match the sentence beginnings c she gave me for my eighth birthday
(1–4) with the endings (a–d) and complete the d we always played together
sentences with the correct form of the verbs. e we did together
f you haven’t seen for a long time
A Zero conditional
1 When it (be) cold, Facebook is a fantastic way to find old friends
1
2 If I (not sleep) well at night, . When I was a small girl, I was best
3 Plants (die) friends with Elena, the girl 2 . I have
4 She (like) to go for a run a lot of memories of the things 3 and
I still have the doll 4 ! When I joined
a I (have) a strong coffee in the Facebook, I wasn’t sure about it at first. There
morning. were a lot of people 5 . But one day I
b if you (not give) them water. saw that Elena wanted to be friends with me. We
c when she (wake) up. started chatting online and after a few months we
d we (prefer) to stay at home. agreed to meet – in the park 6 when
B First conditional we were children. It was so nice to see her and to
1 If she (be) free tomorrow evening, be friends again. And it’s all thanks to Facebook!
2 If we (not eat) now,
3 They (not get up) early
4 We (travel) by plane
a we (feel) hungry later.
b if we (can) find cheap tickets.
c I (invite) her to the party.
d if they (not have to) work.
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 171

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 9
Past perfect simple Subject questions
Form Other questions
We form the past perfect simple with had + past We can use questions to ask about different things, for
participle. See page 180 for a list of irregular past example time, places, things, or reasons:
participles. When did you visit Brazil? (asking about a time)
+ – ? Where are you staying? (asking about a place)
What are you eating? (asking about a thing)
I/you/we/ I had They hadn’t Had you
Why didn’t you like the hotel? (asking about a reason)
they arrived. arrived. arrived?
he/she/it He had She hadn’t Had it To form most questions, we put an auxiliary verb
arrived. arrived. arrived? before the subject. To form present simple questions,
we need to add the auxiliary verb do or does. To form
In spoken English and informal written English, we past simple questions, we need to add the auxiliary
use ‘d instead of had, especially after pronouns. verb did.
I’d already seen her. Subject questions
Use We can also use questions to ask about the subject of a
We use the past perfect simple when we need to make sentence:
it clear that one past action happened before another Who lives here? (Answer: Katrin lives here.)
subject
past action. For the action that happened first, we use
the past perfect. For the action that happened second, Who likes the food? (Answer: We all like the food.)
subject
we use the past simple.
When we arrived at the airport, the plane had left. The grammar in subject questions is different from
we arrive at other questions. In subject questions:
plane leaves the airport now • the word order is the same as a statement and the
question word replaces the subject:
We only use the past perfect when we need to make
it clear which action happened first. If the order Gheorghe lives here. Who lives here?
is obvious, we just use the past simple for all the • we do not use the auxiliary verb do or did
actions. Who does want a coffee?
When I got to the station, I bought a ticket and Who wants a coffee?
waited for the train. (all past simple)
Exercise 4
We often use linking words and phrases like but,
because, so and as soon as to link past simple with past We often ask subject questions using who, which, what,
perfect sentences. and how many.
I’d booked the hotel months before, but when I got there Who put this suitcase here?
they said they were full. Which hotel has the best prices?
I was tired because I’d been at work all day. What caused the delay?
It had rained all night so the roads were very wet. How many people came to the party?
The children ran outside as soon as the sun had come
Exercises 5 and 6
out.
Exercises 1, 2 and 3

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

172 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 3 Complete the sentences with these pairs of verbs.
Use one past simple form and one past perfect
1 Match the beginnings of the sentences (1–8) with form in each sentence.
the endings (a–h).
call + receive   ​feel + forget    ​not go + see   ​
1 As soon as the rain had stopped, say + help   ​sleep + feel   ​study + fail
2 When I got home,
3 He checked his phone, 1 I to the cinema with my friends
4 She was so happy because I already the
5 She realized she’d forgotten to bring any film.
money, 2 We hungry because we
6 They told him to get off the train to bring any lunch.
7 I arrived late at work 3 I Martino on his mobile as soon as
8 Sarah had had an argument with her best I his message.
friend, 4 Lisa ‘thanks’ to her brother
a because he hadn’t bought a ticket. because he her so much.
b so she was very upset. 5 All of us really well so we
c because she’d passed her exam. great in the morning.
d but the message still hadn’t arrived. 6 Sally hard but she still
e because I’d had a problem with my car. the exam.
f I realized I had forgotten my door key.
g so she needed to go home and get some.
4 Tick the subject questions.
h we went for a walk. 1 Who wrote this message?
2 Where did you buy this?
2 Complete the text with the past perfect of these 3 What did she tell you?
verbs. 4 How many people live here?
5 Who wrote this song?
ask   ​buy   ​not check   ​happen   ​spend   ​
6 Why didn’t you come?
think   ​try
7 Who called you earlier?
8 When did it happen?
I decided to have a holiday with a difference last
summer – I stayed at home for a week! Why? Well, 5 Put the words in order to make subject questions.
I1 just my first home
and I didn’t have any money. I did lots of different 1 put / bag / here / who / this
things during my holiday. I went to a museum and 2 which / best / computer / works
learnt about the local history – I didn’t know that 3 my / broke / glasses / who
so many interesting things 2 where I 4 speaks / French / who
live. One evening, some friends came to my new 5 work / how / many / people / here
house for a barbecue. I 3 everyone to 6 the / won / who / race
bring something to eat and it was great! Another 6 Write questions about the underlined words in
day, I went to my local swimming pool for the each sentence. Some are subject questions.
first time. I 4 always it
looked a bit old and dirty, but it was really nice 1 I went to Spain last year.
inside. Most nights I ate at local restaurants. There 
were some excellent places – I 5 never 2 Kate’s behaviour made me really angry.
Ethiopian food before. The only bad 
day was when I decided to go walking in the local 3 270 people live in this building.
countryside. I 6 the weather and it 
rained all day! At the end of the week, I felt really 4 I went outside to get some fresh air.
relaxed. And I 7 much less money 
than I normally do on a holiday. I might even do it 5 Isabella left her coat here.
again next year! 
6 Julia has spoken to Paolo today.


ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 173

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 10
The passive (present simple, past used to
simple) Use
Active vs. passive We use used to to talk about habits or situations in the
Verbs in English can be active or passive. We past that are not true now.
normally use the active form when the focus of the I used to live in California but now I live in New York.
sentence is on the ‘agent’ – the person or thing that I used to go to concerts often, but now I don’t have
does an action. time.
Apple produced the first Macbook in 2006. We don’t use used to to talk about single actions at a
My father built this house in 2004. specific time in the past. We use past simple instead.
When we use the passive, a sentence isn’t about the I used to hear a really good song on the radio
‘agent’ any more. yesterday.
The first Macbook was produced in 2006. I heard a really good song on the radio yesterday.
This house was built in 2004. Exercise 5
The focus of the first sentence here is ‘the first
Macbook’, not the company that produced it. The Form
focus of the second sentence is ‘this house’, not the Used to is always followed by the infinitive. We use
person who built it. the same form for all persons (I, you, he/she/it etc.) In
negatives and questions, we use the form use to not
Form used to.
When we use the passive, the object of the active + I used to love rock music.
sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
– I didn’t use to like listening to music at work.
People all over the world love Rihanna’s music.
object ? Did you use to own a Walkman?
Rihanna’s music is loved by people all over the world.
subject There is no present form of used to. To talk about
habits in the present, we use the present simple with
We form the passive with the verb be and the past usually.
participle of the main verb. We can use the passive I use to go to the gym twice a week.
in affirmative sentences, negative sentences and in I usually go to the gym twice a week.
questions. The form of be shows the tense.
Exercises 6 and 7
Present simple Past simple
+ Rihanna’s music is loved The London Underground
by people all over the was used by over 2 billion
world. passengers last year.
– This film isn’t known Bruce Willis wasn’t born
outside of Europe. in the USA.
? Is this product sold in When was the first
Asia? PC invented?

Exercises 1 and 2

Common uses of the passive

We often use the passive voice when it’s obvious or
not important who does an action.
Millions of smartphones are sold every year.
(obviously shops sell smartphones)
by
We can use by + noun to say who does or did the
action in a sentence with a passive verb.
Facebook was created by Mark Zuckerberg.
When we do this, we make this information sound
new or important.
Exercises 3 and 4

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

174 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 5 Change the past simple verbs in the sentences to
a form with use(d) to + infinitive when possible.
1 Read the sentences. Say if each one is active (A) or Tick the sentences that cannot be changed.
passive (P).
1 I took guitar lessons every week when I was
1 Most people recognize the Coca-Cola logo. younger.
2 The book was written over fifty years ago. 2 Did you see Jack at the concert?
3 The clothes are made in that factory. 3 I took two really good photos this morning.
4 My question wasn’t answered. 4 I didn’t like going to the cinema when I was
5 Apple products are popular all around the young.
world. 5 I played guitar in a band when I was at
university.
2 Complete the sentences with the passive form of 6 I didn’t enjoy the food last night.
the verb. Use the present simple or past simple. 7 Did you like football when you were younger?
1 The logo (design) fifty years ago. 8 I met a really famous musician last year.
2 Public transport (use) a lot in my
country.
6 Look at the pictures. Write affirmative and
negative sentences about Tony when he was a
3 About 400 million cups of coffee
teenager with a form of use(d) to and the prompts.
(drink) every day in the USA.
4 The first Levi jeans (produce) in
the 19th century.
5 New articles (write) for the
website every month.
6 Professional sports stars
(recognized) all over the world.

3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Include the

‘agent’, using by.
1 Jeff Bezos created Amazon in 2005.
 in 2005.
2 Over one billion viewers watched the final of When Tony was a teenager, he …
the World Cup in 2014.
1 (listen / to music / on CDs)
 in 2014.
2 (have / a smartphone)
3 Readers in the USA buy more books online
3 (buy / CDs)
than in shops.
4 (own / a car)
 than in shops.
5 (use / a skateboard)
4 Up to four million people visit the Taj Mahal in
6 (wear / glasses)
India every year.
7 (be / a student)
 every year.
8 (wear / a suit)
5 Workers in large car factories make one
thousand cars every day. 7 Complete the blog post with the correct form of
 every day. use(d) to and a verb from the box.
4 Choose the correct option to complete the text be   ​get up   ​go out   ​have   ​own   ​play   ​
about tablets. practise   
Before 2010, the word ‘tablet’ 1 was normally used /
normally used to talk about medicine. But that all Well, it’s six months since I started my job. Life
changed when the first iPad 2 released / was released. is so different now. When I was at university, I
Not everyone thought the iPad was a good idea,
1
early – never before 9.30 a.m. Now
but 300,000 3 are sold / were sold on the first day. I have to be at work at 9 a.m.! I 2
Now, hundreds of different tablets 4 sold / are sold with friends a few times a week, but I’m always
by hundreds of different manufacturers and we too tired after work now. I also 3
5
spend / are spent millions of dollars on apps every the saxophone in a band – we 4 two
year. Most tablets 6 are bought / are buying for games, afternoons a week, but I can’t do that any more!
photos and the internet, but tablets are also 7 found / Of course, it’s not all bad. I 5 much
find in schools, universities and workplaces around money when I was a student. I 6 a
the world. really cheap mobile phone, but now I’ve got a
smartphone. What about you? How 7
your life different before you started
working?
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 175

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 11
Reported speech
When we want to say what another person said,
we can use direct speech. This means we try to use
exactly the words the person said.
Mike said, ‘I’ll see you tomorrow.’
We can also use reported speech.
Mike said that he’d see me tomorrow.
When we use reported speech, we normally change
the verb forms.
• present simple becomes past simple:
‘I live in Brighton.’ → She said she lived in Brighton.
• present continuous becomes past continuous:
‘I’m waiting for the bus.’ →
Julie said she was waiting for the bus.
• present perfect becomes past perfect:
‘We’ve seen this film before.’ →
They said they’d seen this film before.
• past simple becomes past perfect:
‘I passed my exam.’ → He said he’d passed his exam.
• will becomes would:
‘I’ll help you.’ → Mike said he’d (= would) help me.
Exercise 1

We often also need to make changes to other words,

like pronouns and possessive forms, in reported
speech.
‘I love you.’→ He said he loved me.
‘This is my Xbox.’ → He said this was his Xbox.
‘We live here.’ → They said they lived there.
‘I’ll see you tomorrow.’ →
He said he’d see me the next day.
Exercises 2, 3 and 4

Reporting verbs (say and tell)

We use both say and tell to report another person’s
words. We normally use say and tell in the past
simple.
With tell, we always use an object before the reported
speech. The object is often a pronoun.
Sam told me he wanted to come.
Clara told Simon she would be late.
With say, we never use an object before the reported
speech.
He said me that he was really happy.
After both say and tell, we can use that but it is not
necessary.
I said (that) he had won the game.
They told us (that) we needed to leave.
Exercises 5 and 6

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

176 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4 Look at these sentences and complete the reported
speech.
1 Choose the correct option to complete the reported 1 ‘I lost the match.’
speech.
Jan said 
1 ‘I’ll have the pasta.’ 2 ‘I’ll see you tomorrow.’
She said she would have / will had the pasta. She said  .
2 ‘I’m playing a game.’ 3 ‘Your email hasn’t arrived.’
He said he was playing / had played a game. Mehmet said  .
3 ‘I really don’t like this film.’ 4 ‘I don’t want to speak to you.’
She said she really wasn’t liking / didn’t like the He said  .
film. 5 ‘I’m trying to watch the TV.’
4 ‘I’ve visited Canada twice.’ Luke said  .
She said she visited / had visited Canada twice.
5 ‘I lost my phone.’ 5 Three of these sentences are incorrect. Correct the
He said he lost / he’d lost his phone. sentences by adding or deleting a word.
1 He told that he was really tired.
2 Complete the reported speech with these words 2 Laura said the food was good.
and phrases.
3 She said me that she needed my help.
his   ​me   ​the day before   ​the next day   ​
4 Stephen told me that he had got the job.
their   ​then   ​there   ​they
5 He said that he would fix my computer.
6 Anna told she was working today.
1 ‘I want to go there tomorrow.’ → She said she 6 Read the dialogue. Then complete the sentences
wanted to go there . (1–5) with reported speech.
2 ‘It’s my new car’. → He said it was
new car. John: I’ve found something interesting.
3 ‘We love this restaurant.’ → They said Jack: You’re holding an ancient Greek vase!
loved that restaurant. John: It’s really beautiful.
4 ‘We live here’. → They said they lived Jack: It was probably lost in the sea for thousands
. of years.
5 ‘I’ll help you.’ → He said he’d help . John: I’ll call the museum right away!
6 ‘I’m at home now.’ → She said she was at home 1 John said  .
. 2 Jack told  .
7 ‘We missed our flight.’ → They said they’d 3 John said  .
missed flight. 4 Jack said  .
8 ‘We went there yesterday.’ → They said they’d 5 John told  .
gone there .

3 Complete the direct speech.

1 She said Mike had already left.
‘Mike already .’
2 Sally said she’d help me with my work.
‘I help you with your work.’
3 Greta said she didn’t speak Portuguese.
‘I Portuguese.’
4 Martin said it had been cold the day before.
‘It cold yesterday.’
5 Fatima said she was arriving at 9 p.m.
‘I at 9 p.m.’

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 177

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 12
Second conditional Negative meaning
We use the second conditional to talk about We use nowhere, no one/nobody and nothing to say there
impossible or unlikely situations in the present or is no place, no people or no things.
future. The form is: I found nowhere to sit on the train.
If + past simple + would + verb We saw nobody in the mountains all day.
If I had enough money, I would love to visit the USA. There’s nothing interesting to do in my city.
What would you do if you saw a tornado? We also use anywhere, anybody/anyone and anything
In spoken English and informal written English, we with a negative verb (e.g. isn’t, haven’t, don’t want) for
use ‘d instead of would, especially after pronouns. the same meaning.
I didn’t find anywhere to sit on the train.
Note: we never put would in the if clause. We always We didn’t see anybody in the mountains all day.
use a past tense. There isn’t anything interesting to do in my city.
If I would have more time, I’d go out more.
If I had more time, I’d go out more. Note that anything, anyone/anybody and anywhere don’t
have a negative meaning without a negative verb.
When the main clause comes before the if clause, we Who lives in this old house?
don’t add a comma between the two clauses. Anybody. Nobody. It’s empty.
Exercises 1, 2 and 3
In questions
anywhere, everyone, nobody, We use anywhere, anyone, anybody or anything to ask
general questions.
something, etc.
Is there anywhere to park near here?
Words like anywhere, everyone, nobody and something Can anybody help me?
are ‘indefinite pronouns’. They can end in -where, -one, Did you see anything interesting in the park?
-body, or -thing. We use pronouns ending in: We use something, someone, somebody and somewhere in
• -where to talk about places. questions when we make offers.
Would you like something to eat?
• -one or -body to talk about people (there is no Do you want me to ask somebody to help you?
difference in meaning). Would you like to go somewhere quieter?
• -thing to talk about objects. Exercises 4, 5 and 6
Positive meaning
We use everywhere, everyone/everybody, or everything to
talk about all places, people or objects.
I think that everywhere in Spain is beautiful.
Everybody can do more to help the environment.
Everything in the shop was really expensive.
We use somewhere, someone/somebody, or something
to talk about places, people or objects without being
specific.
We need to find somewhere to eat. (= It’s not
important where.)
Somebody told me about this place.
I think something’s moving in the forest.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

178 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Exercises 4 Choose the correct option.
1 I know somewhere / something really nice to stay
1 Complete the first and second conditional in this city.
sentences with the correct form of the verb.
2 Can I bring you something / nothing to eat?
1 If it rains, all the clothes will / would get wet. 3 A: Where are you going now?
2 If there was a snowstorm, we will / would be B: Nowhere. / Anywhere. I’m staying here.
stuck at home. 4 She didn’t speak to anybody / nobody at the
3 There would be lots of problems if our water party.
supply becomes / became polluted. 5 Everywhere / Everyone here has been to
4 If we didn’t have air conditioning, it will / university.
would be impossible to work here. 6 We don’t have anything / nothing to do today.
5 If the world gets hotter, farmers won’t /
wouldn’t be able to grow some kinds of food. 5 Complete the text with the words in the box.
6 Sailors would have problems if they don’t /
anything   ​everywhere   ​nobody   ​nothing   ​
didn’t check the weather forecast.
something   ​somewhere
2 Match the beginnings of the second conditional
sentences (1–6) with the endings (a–f). Ten years ago, I decided I wanted to live
1
different. I was living in a big
1 If it was hotter here in summer, city and I was tired of the traffic and pollution
2 If he worked harder, 2
. So I moved to a small village near
3 You wouldn’t need to ask me for money the sea. The first few years were a bit difficult.
4 If you didn’t drive so fast, When I moved, there was almost 3
5 If it wasn’t so windy, else living here. I enjoyed the peace and quiet
6 If I could move to a different country, but there was 4 to do in the evening
a he’d have a better job. or at the weekend. But gradually, more and
b I’d definitely go to South Africa. more people have come and now there’s always
c if you didn’t spend so much.
5
happening. Now I think it’s a perfect
d lots of tourists would come to visit. place to live – I wouldn’t change 6 !
e we could go out for a walk now.
f you wouldn’t always get in trouble with the
6 Rewrite the sentences, using an indefinite pronoun
to replace the underlined phrases.
police.
1 Giulia lives in a place near here.
3 Complete the second conditional sentences with 
the correct form of the verbs. 2 There was not one person on the beach so it
1 If I (not be) so tired, I was really quiet.
(be able to) work better. 
2 If I (have) more money, I 3 I’ve been to all the places in this city and the
(buy) a new car. parks are my favourite.
3 If Michael (speak) more slowly, 
everyone (understand) him. 4 A: Where do you want me to leave this box?
4 I (not tell) you to do this if I B: Any place in the room will do.
(not think) it was important. 
5 We (save) lots of water if people 5 Mike didn’t have any objects with him – he’d
(be) more careful. left his bag at home.
6 you (come) to visit 
me if I (pay) for your ticket? 6 There’s a person waiting for you outside.


ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 179

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Irregular verb table

INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE
be was/were been leave left left
become became become learn learned learned
begin began begun let let let
bring brought brought make made made
build built built meet met met
buy bought bought pay paid paid
choose chose chosen put put put
come came come read read read
cost cost cost run ran run
do did done say said said
drink drank drunk see saw seen
eat ate eaten sell sold sold
fall fell fallen send sent sent
feel felt felt sit sat sat
find found found sleep slept slept
fly flew flown speak spoke spoken
forget forgot forgotten spend spent spent
get got got swim swam swum
give gave given take took taken
go went gone teach taught taught
grow grew grown tell told told
have had had think thought thought
hear heard heard understand understood understood
hurt hurt hurt wake woke woken
keep kept kept wear wore worn
know knew known write wrote written

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

180 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

Unit 1 P = patient, D = doctor

2
1 D: Good morning. So what’s the problem?
Normally, national parks are in the countryside. But P: I’ve got earache in this ear. It’s really painful.
Bukhansan National Park in South Korea is part of the city D: Let me have a look. … ah … yes, it’s very red in there.
of Seoul. It’s about forty-five minutes from the city centre by What about the other one?
subway and about ten million people visit the park every P: It feels fine.
year. People in Seoul go walking there at weekends. It’s a D: Hmm. It’s a bit red as well. Do you feel sick at all?
good way to relax. P: No, not really.
5 D: Let me check your temperature. … Yes, it’s higher
than normal. OK, I’ll give you something for your
P = presenter, D = David McLain earache. You need to take one of these pills twice a day
(The words of David McLain are spoken by an actor.) for seven days. They might make you sleepy so go to
P: No one knows exactly the reason why some people live bed if you have to. And if you still feel ill, then come
longer than others. Why are they so healthy? Is it their back and see me again.
diet? Do they go to the gym more than other people?
Well, one man is trying to answer these questions and Unit 2
that man is photographer David McLain. He’s currently
9
travelling to different places around the world with
large numbers of people aged a hundred and over and An Ironman competition has three different races. In the
asking the question: Why are they so healthy? At the swimming race, the competitors swim for 3.86 kilometres.
moment he’s working on the island of Sardinia in Italy Then they cycle for 180 kilometres, and finally they run
and he’s speaking to us right now on the phone. David, a marathon at the end. The world final of the Ironman
thank you for joining us today. Championship is in Hawaii and it’s very competitive. Every
D: Hello. year, around 1,900 people compete against each other in
P: So, first of all, tell us why you decided to visit Sardinia. front of thousands of spectators.
D: Well, Sardinia is an interesting place because men live 11
to the same age as women. That isn’t normal for most 1
countries. Men normally die younger. Learning to win and lose is important in a child’s education
P: And does anyone know the reason why people live because it teaches you about life. So I think competitive
longer in Sardinia? sports in schools are good for teaching children. They’re
D: There are different ideas about this. One explanation is also good for their physical health, because when children
that the family is so important here. Every Sunday the try to win, they work harder and get more exercise. The
whole family eats a big meal together. Research shows other good thing about competitive sports is that you
that in countries where people live longer, the family is learn to work well in teams when you play in matches.
important. Competitions are a great lesson in teamwork.
P: I see. So, do you think people live longer in traditional 2
societies? Some children aren’t good at sport, so when school sports
D: That’s an interesting question. Sardinia is quite a are competitive, they always lose. That’s really bad for
traditional place but, even here, the younger generation the child. The fact is that not all children are the same and
are eating more food like chips and burgers. Also, some children don’t like doing sport. I think schools in my
young people are moving to the city, so they are doing country should be more like the schools in Finland. They
less exercise because of their lifestyle. It’ll be interesting get good results but they aren’t competitive and they don’t
to see what happens in Sardinia in the next twenty or have competitive sports either. So when a child can’t do a
thirty years. sport very well, that’s ok as long as they do their best and
8 try hard at everything they do.
3
C = customer, P = pharmacist
We have a sports day at my school and the children love it.
1
Yes, winning is nice for a child, but the whole day is also
P: Hello, how can I help you?
a lot of fun. So overall I don’t think there’s a problem with
C: Hello. I’ve got a runny nose and a sore throat. I feel
having competitive sports in school – the problem is with
terrible.
some of the mothers and fathers. Some parents hate losing
P: Have you got a temperature as well?
and they get very competitive. When there’s a race or a
C: No, it’s normal.
match some of them shout at their kids. They think it’s the
P: Well, you should take this medicine twice a day. It’s
Olympic Games or something!
good for a sore throat.
C: Thanks.
P: And try drinking hot water with honey and lemon. That
helps.
C: OK. I will.
P: Oh, and why don’t you buy some cough sweets? They
should help. If you still feel ill in a few days, see a
doctor.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 181

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

12 19
A: What’s on TV? A: Sorry I’m late. Eight thirty in the morning is the worst
B: Cycling from France. It’s the Tour de France. I love time for traffic.
watching it. B: I know what you mean. My bicycle is faster than your
A: Oh no! I think it’s boring! car in the rush hour!
B: I really enjoy seeing them on the mountains. A: I’m sure it is, but I travel further than you. It’d take me
A: Sitting in front of the TV all day is not exciting. I’m bored hours by bicycle.
with doing nothing. Are you any good at tennis? We B: There’s also the cost of petrol. It’s so expensive!
could play this afternoon. A: Tell me about it. In fact, last week I went to look at an
B: But I want to watch this. electric car.
A: I see. Are you afraid of losing? B: Good idea. They’re better for the environment.
A: They’re better, but they’re also more expensive. In fact, a
13
new electric car is the most expensive type of car.
1 thing, 2 win, 3 bank, 4 sing, 5 ran, 6 pink B: Really? Anyway, what about public transport? Isn’t
15 there a bus stop near your house?
A: Hey! Have you seen this? A: Yes, but the fastest bus takes over an hour. It stops
B: What? everywhere!
A: This advert. You’re really good at doing that. 21
B: Yes, but I have so much work at the moment, I don’t When we talk about transport, most people think of buses,
have time. cars, bicycles and so on. But in some parts of the world,
A: So this is a good way to relax. animal transport is as popular as these modern types of
B: I can take a good picture of friends and family, but I’m transport, and sometimes more popular. Because at certain
not very creative with it. times of year, animals are the only way to travel. Take the
A: Alright. Well, what about joining something else? Er, desert for example, with its 50-degree temperatures. Yes,
this one! Are you interested in acting? you can cross it in the right vehicles, but for long distances,
B: You’re joking. I hate standing up in front of people. modern vehicles are not as good as camels. A camel can
You’re more of a performer than me. travel over 40 kilometres per day and go without water
A: Yes, but it’s a musical. I’m not very good at singing. for three to five days. Yes, it’s slower, and maybe a camel
B: Let’s have a look at that. But it says here enthusiasm is isn’t as comfortable as a car. But a camel’s big feet make it
more important than talent. Go on. I think you’d enjoy more reliable in the sand – unlike a car, it doesn’t get stuck.
it. Camels are so important in the desert that there are around
A: Mm, well maybe, but I think I’d like to join this on 160 different ways of saying the word ‘camel’ in Arabic.
Wednesday evenings. In winter, northern Alaska can be as cold as the North Pole.
B: What? You? Do exercise? Temperatures go down to minus 50 degrees. Your engine
A: What do you mean? Anyway, it looks like fun. Why can freeze, and even if your car starts, snow and ice on the
don’t you come too? road can make driving impossible. When the weather is as
B: But I can’t run! bad as this, the only way to travel is by sledge with a team
A: No, but that’s the point. There’s a beginner’s group. You of between six and eight huskies. These famous dogs can
should do it with me. pull heavy sledges for hundreds of kilometres. There is
Unit 3 even a race for huskies in Alaska called the Iditarod, where
large teams of huskies pull sledges over 1,600 kilometres.
17
24
This photo is on a train in Bangladesh. It was the end of
Ramadan and lots of people travel home at that time of J = Javier, D = driver
year. Train tickets sell out quickly, so you often see people 1
riding on top of the trains and the carriages. In this picture J: Hello? Are you the next taxi?
the woman is sitting between the carriages because there D: Yes, that’s right.
isn’t space on top of the train. It looks a bit dangerous, but J: I’d like to go to the station, please.
she doesn’t look very worried. D: Bus or train?
J: Oh, sorry. The train station.
D: OK. Get in then.
2
D: There are road works up by the entrance.
J: You can stop here. It’s fine. How much is that?
D: Six pounds thirty.
J: Sorry, I only have a twenty-pound note. Do you have
change?
D: Sure. So, that’s thirteen pounds seventy. Do you want a
receipt?
J: No, it’s OK, thanks. Bye.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

182 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

S = Shelley, D = driver 29
3 In May 1985, Joe Simpson and Simon Yates climbed the
S: Hi. Do you stop at the airport? Siula Grande mountain in the Andes. It’s a dangerous
D: Yeah, I do. Which terminal is it? North or south? mountain, but Simpson and Yates were very experienced
S: Err. I need to get to the … north terminal. climbers and positive about the challenge. The sun was
D: OK. A single or return ticket? shining when they left their tents on the first day and
S: Single, please. everything went well. Three days later, they reached the
D: That’s two pounds. top of the mountain, but they didn’t stay there long. It was
J = Javier, T = ticket office clerk snowing and the weather was getting worse. While they
4 were going down the mountain, Simpson fell and broke his
J: A return ticket to the airport, please. knee. Yates tied a rope between them and slowly lowered
T: OK. The next train goes in five minutes. Simpson down the mountain with the rope. Sometime
J: Right. That one, please. later, when they were getting nearer to the bottom of the
T: First or second class? mountain, Simpson slipped and fell over a cliff. For an hour,
J: Second. Yates held the rope while his friend was hanging in the air.
T: OK. That’s fourteen pounds fifty. But the rope was getting too heavy and it was pulling Yates
J: Wow! I don’t think I have the cash. off the mountain. Simon Yates had an impossible decision.
T: Credit card is fine. Either he could hold the rope, but then they might both die,
J: Oh, no … maybe I have enough left. or he could cut the rope and save himself. …
T: OK. Here you are. 30
J: Which platform is it?
(The first part of the story is repeated from track 29.)
T: Err, platform six.
… At the last second, Yates cut the rope. The next day,
A = attendant, S = Shelley, J = Javier Yates looked for his friend, but couldn’t find him. Sadly,
5 he decided he was dead. But amazingly, Simpson was still
A: Hello. Can I see your passport? alive and he started to crawl towards their camp. Three
S: Here you are. days later, Yates was sleeping in his tent and planned to
A: That’s OK. How many bags are you checking in? go home the next morning. But at midnight he suddenly
S: None. I only have this carry-on. woke up. Someone was shouting his name. He ran outside
A: OK. Window or aisle? and looked everywhere. Finally, he found Simpson on the
S: Err, I don’t mind, but can I have a seat next to my friend? ground. He wasn’t moving, but he was still breathing. Yates
A: Has he already checked in? carried him to the tent and Simpson survived. Later, their
S: No, I’m waiting for him. story became famous as a book and a film.
A: Well, I can’t …
31
J: Shelley!
S: Where have you been? 1 I was working on my own when a group of people came
J: It’s a long story. into my office.
2 We met them when they were living above our
Unit 4 apartment.
3 They weren’t getting on very well, so the team agreed to
26 have a meeting.
My name’s Vic and I live in the state of Tennessee. During 4 The weather was cold this morning but it wasn’t raining
the week I work in a bank. I like my job, but most of the so I cycled to work.
time I’m sitting at a desk, so I need to get exercise after
work and at the weekends. Most people go running or play 33
sports, but I like caving. My colleagues think I’m a bit crazy A: Hi Mark. How was your camping trip?
because they say it’s dangerous. It’s true that sometimes B: It was great in the end, but we had a terrible time at the
you have to take a risk when you go caving, but I always beginning.
go with other cavers and we look after each other. It’s A: Why?
important to work as a team when you go down into a new B: First, we left the house late, and then after only half an
cave because every cave gives you a different challenge. hour the car broke down.
The most difficult cave was called Rumbling Falls Cave. A: Oh no! What did you do?
You have to use a rope and climb down a hole that’s about B: Fortunately, there was a garage nearby and the
twenty metres into the ground. At the bottom, you are on mechanic fixed the problem. But when we arrived at the
your hands and knees for nearly a kilometre, so you need forest, it was getting dark. After we drove around for
to be physically fit. Then at the end, you come into the main about an hour, we finally found the campsite, but it was
part of the cave. It’s an incredible place, like a huge room. completely dark by then. And it was raining!
Getting to Rumbling Falls Cave was probably my biggest A: Really? So what happened?
achievement as a caver. B: We found a nice, warm hotel down the road!
A: That was lucky!
B: Yes, it was a great hotel and in the end we stayed there
for the whole weekend.
A: Sounds great!

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 183

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

Unit 5 J: Hmm. I really liked the one I ordered.

C: Oh, I’m sorry about that. Would you like to cancel the
35 order?
Every day we throw away objects such as wood, old J: Yes, I think so. How does that work?
household appliances, and glass bottles. But an artist from C: Well, we’ll refund the amount of thirty-nine pounds to
Uruguay called Jaime built a house made from these types your credit card.
of objects. The house is in Brazil and it has a bedroom, a J: OK. Thanks.
kitchen, and a bathroom. There are shelves made from C: And would you like confirmation by email?
trees and old wood and there’s lots of light. That’s because J: Yes, please.
Jaime used coloured glass from bottles in the walls. C: Let me check. Your email is J powell at S-mail dot com.
When people visit the house, Jaime wants them to think J: That’s right.
about the environment and about how we recycle and C: Is there anything else I can help you with?
reuse everyday objects. J: No, thanks. That’s everything.
37 C: OK. Goodbye.
J: Bye.
Nearly thirty percent of the land on Earth is desert. While
the ice in the two cold deserts of the Arctic and Antarctica is Unit 6
starting to melt, hot deserts such as the Gobi Desert and the
Sahara are getting bigger. Some countries are trying to stop 44
them growing. These three people are waiting in a train station in
Take China, for example. People know about the Great Wall Winterthur in Switzerland. I like the picture because
of China, but China has another wall called the Great Green it shows three people at different stages in their life
Wall. In 1978, the Chinese started planting a wall of trees to communicating in different ways. The elderly lady and the
stop the Gobi Desert growing towards the cities of northern middle-aged lady are chatting and the young adult woman,
China. Now the wall has about 66 billion trees and by 2050 maybe she’s eighteen or nineteen, is probably texting her
it will be 4,500 kilometres long with about 100 billion trees. friends or using social media.
There is a similar problem with the Sahara Desert, which 46
is the largest hot desert in the world. Twenty countries in
1 One day I intend to buy my own house.
Africa are working together to build a wall of trees all the
2 I want to take a year off to travel overseas.
way from Senegal to Djibouti. The new forest will stop the
3 I’d be happy to live in another country.
desert destroying more homes and farms in the region.
4 In the future I’d like to learn to play a musical
Eventually, the forest will be about fifteen kilometres wide
instrument.
and 7,775 kilometres long.
5 When I get older I hope to spend more time with my
41 family.
V = recorded voice, C = customer care assistant, J = Jane 6 These days it’s difficult not to take work home.
V: Thank you for calling Teco Art dot com. Your call 48
is important to us. For information about our latest
R = reporter, L = Lorette
products, press one. For orders, press two. For problems
R: It’s about six o’clock in the morning here in New
with your order, press three. … All our customer service
Orleans and the streets are very quiet. But in about
assistants are busy. We apologize for the delay. Your
six hours the city is going to have the biggest party
call is important to us. One of our customer service
in the world, with thousands of visitors from all
assistants will be with you as soon as possible.
over. However, Mardi Gras is really about the local
C: Good morning. Can I help you?
communities in the city. So, I’ve come to the traditional
J: Hi, I’m calling about an order for a Computer Circuit
Tremé neighbourhood of New Orleans, where there are
Board Clock from your website but I received an email
already some people preparing for the big day. So, I’ll
saying I have to wait seven more days.
try to speak to some of them … Hello? Hello?
C: One moment … Do you have the order number?
L: Hello?
J: Yes, it’s 8-0-5-3-1-A.
R: Hello. What’s your name?
C: Is that A as in alpha?
L: Lorette.
J: That’s right.
R: Hi Lorette. You’re wearing a fantastic costume. Are you
C: Is that Ms Jane Powell of 90 North Lane?
going to be in the parade this afternoon?
J: Yes, it is.
L: That’s right. Everyone is meeting at the float at six-
C: Hmm. Can I put you on hold for a moment?
fifteen and then we’re going to ride through the city.
J: Sure.
R: As I say, your dress looks amazing. Did you make it?
C: Hello?
L: Yes, we all make our own costumes for Mardi Gras.
J: Yes, hello.
R: And do you have a mask?
C: I’m very sorry but this product isn’t in stock at the
L: Sure. Here it is. I’ll put it on.
moment. We’ll have it in seven days.
R: Wow. That’s perfect. So tell me – how important is
J: I already know that. But it’s my husband’s birthday
Mardi Gras for the people in Tremé?
tomorrow.
L: It’s the most important part of the year. It brings people
C: Ah, I see. Well, would you like to order a similar clock?
together.
We have an Apple iPod one for thirty-five pounds.
R: Well, good luck this afternoon. You’re going to have a
great time, I’m sure!

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

184 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

49 Unit 7
1 A: Did Geoff email the times of the parade?
53
B: I don’t know. I’ll check my inbox right away.
When I left school at 18, I didn’t have a proper job at first.
2 You’re going to visit New Orleans! When did you decide
I worked part-time in a restaurant and I also did some
that?
manual work for a construction company. In the end, I
3 A: Hey, this costume would look great on you.
applied for a job as a steel worker at our local steel mill.
B: Maybe. I’ll try it on.
Pennsylvania has a large steel industry, though it doesn’t
4 One day when I’m older, I’m going to visit Venice.
employ as many people nowadays. Anyway, I’ve been here
51 for about five years now. At first it was all low-paid work,
I = Ian, A = Abdullah but I did a lot of training and learned new skills so now my
1 salary is better.
I: Hi Abdullah. How’s it going? There are eight people in my team: six men and two women,
A: Good. I finished all my courses today so I can relax. and we all get on really well. It’s hard work and the hours
I: Great. Maybe you’ll have time for some travelling and are long. You’re inside most of the day and you’re working
sightseeing now. with steel at temperatures which can reach three thousand
A: Maybe. But I think I’ll take it easy this weekend. degrees, so it gets pretty hot round here! Sometimes people
I: Oh! Well, why don’t you come to my house? My family are surprised when I tell them where I work. I don’t think
is coming over. We’re having a barbecue in the back they expect women to work in a place like this, but there are
garden. It’ll be fun. quite a few other women working in this kind of industry.
A: Thanks, but I have a few things to do at home and it’s In fact, my supervisor is also a woman.
with your family so you probably don’t want other 55
people there …
I = interviewer, S = scientist
I: No, really. Don’t worry because I’m inviting a few
I: How long have you worked for your company?
people from our class as well. So you’ll know people. I’d
S: For five years. Since I left college.
really like you to come.
I: When did you go to college?
A: OK. Thanks, that would be great. Is it a special occasion?
S: I started when I was nineteen and I qualified with my
I: Well, my oldest sister has a new baby girl, so it’s a bit of
degree about four years later.
a celebration for that.
I: And have you always lived in Pennsylvania?
A: Oh! So I should bring something.
S: No, I haven’t. I grew up here but then I went to
I: No, please don’t. It isn’t like that. There’s no need …
university in Boston and I’ve lived in one or two other
J = Joanna, S = Sally places.
2 I: So, when did you move back here?
J: Hello Sally. How are you? S: In 2015.
S: Fine, thanks. It’s been a busy week. I: Have you ever worked overseas?
J: Yes, I imagine. When do you finish? S: Yes, I have. I worked in Dubai, in the Middle East, two
S: Tomorrow. years ago.
J: Oh, really. I didn’t realize it was so soon. I: And how does Pennsylvania compare with other places?
S: Well actually, my flight home is on Saturday. Has it been easy living here?
J: But you’re staying for another week? S: Yes, it has, overall.
S: No.
56
J: Oh. Well, what are you doing tonight?
S: Nothing at the moment. I’ll be at my hotel. 1
J: Well, would you like to come out for dinner? Let’s go A: Hello? Kristina speaking.
somewhere this evening. B: Hi Kristina. It’s Geoff.
S: Really? I’d love to. A: Hi Geoff. Where are you calling from?
J: Of course. I’d like to take you to my favourite B: I ’m at home but I’m about to leave for a meeting. Can
restaurant. you help me? I’ve left a list of prices in the office and I
S: That would be wonderful. I’d like that very much. need it for the meeting.
J: Great. Let’s go straight after work. I’ll meet you A: Sure. Is it on your desk?
downstairs in reception. B: I think it’s next to my computer.
S: OK. What time? A: I can’t see anything.
J: I finish at six. Is that OK for you? B: O h. Well maybe I left it in one of the drawers behind you.
S: Sure. I’ll see you then. Bye. A: OK. Which one?
B: Try the top drawer on the left.
A: Let me look. Yes, there’s a folder called ‘price lists’?
B: T hat’s the one! Can you email me a copy of the list with
prices for next year?
A: Sure, I’ll do that now…

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 185

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

2 62
C: Hello, Richard Roberts speaking. 1 If I go on holiday, I take lots of sun cream.
D: Hi. I’m here to fix your photocopier, but I don’t know 2 We’ll need a torch if we go out late tonight.
which office. I’m standing at the entrance to the 3 We always get lost if my brother drives.
building. 4 If we see a supermarket, I’ll stop and buy some
C: OK. Great. So you need to come into the entrance and sandwiches for the journey.
go up to the third floor. Go through the door on your 5 If that old phone stops working, I’ll buy a new one.
right and the photocopying room is there. My office is 6 I can’t buy food if the supermarket isn’t open.
next to it, so I’ll meet you. 7 You ring this number if you have any questions.
D: OK. See you in a minute. 8 If you don’t try harder, you won’t pass your exam.
59 63
H = Hania, M = manager More than one billion people in the world need glasses but
M: Right. Have a seat, Hania cannot get them, because they live in places where there
H: Thanks. aren’t any opticians. But now there’s a scientist who has
M: I’ve looked at your CV and see that you’re from Poland. solved the problem. Joshua Silver has invented glasses
How long have you been in England? which don’t need an optician.
H: I worked here last year to improve my English and then They look like a pair of normal glasses, but there is a pump
I came back to study fashion this year. on each side which uses silicone oil. First, you turn a wheel
M: I see. So why do you want this job? which controls the pump. The pump pushes the silicone oil
H: I have some spare time in the evenings after college and through the pipe and it moves into the lenses. As the lens
I’d like to earn some extra money. fills with oil, the shape of the lens changes and you turn the
M: OK. And last year you worked in another restaurant. wheel until you can see correctly.
What did you like about your last job? Silver had the idea a few years ago and he did many
H: Helping the customers and trying to give good service. experiments before he got it right. A man in Ghana was
M: How did you deal with any difficult situations? the first person who used the new glasses. The man made
H: A t the weekends we were very busy in the evenings so clothes, but he had bad eyesight and found it difficult to
sometimes customers had to wait for their food. But I work. When the man put on the glasses, he could start
found that most customers are OK if you are friendly working again. Silver says, ‘I will not forget that moment.’
and polite. Also you need to apologize when the food As a result of this successful test, Silver started an
is late. organization which is called the ‘Centre for Vision in the
… Developing World’. The glasses are cheap to produce and
M: Good. Well, I think that’s everything. Do you have any over one hundred thousand people now wear them. In
questions for me? particular, the centre works with schools in countries where
H: Y es, it says in the advert you provide training. Can you people can’t get glasses easily. Being able to see well can
give me more information about that? have a big effect on their education.
M: Well you have lots of experience, so you probably
won’t need very much. But on your first day, you work 68
with another waiter and learn about the menu and the A: What’s the problem?
different kinds of pizza ... B: A friend gave me this drone as a present, but I don’t
understand the instructions.
Unit 8 A: Oh yes. I have one like this.
60 B: Can you show me how this works?
A: Sure. It looks complicated, but it’s really easy to use.
It’s difficult to remember what life was like before the
First of all, have you charged the battery?
types of modern technology we have today. Technology
B: Yes, I’ve done that.
solves mathematical problems for us. It sends messages
A: So now, turn on the remote control.
to friends in a second. It even cooks dinner for us. When
B: How did you do that?
technology makes a mistake, it’s only because a human has
A: I turned it on here. It’s the button on the side.
given the wrong instructions. So, what’s the next big step in
B: Oh, ok.
technology? Robots are common in industries such as car
A: So, you have two levers. The left and the right. Let’s
manufacturing, and recently NASA sent the first humanoid
start with the left. If you push it forwards, the propellers
robot into space, where it works on the International Space
go faster and the drone starts to go up. If you pull it
Station. It’s called Robonaut 2 or R2 and it does all the
back, the propellers slow down and it comes back down.
simple or repetitive jobs so the astronauts can spend more
B: And what is this other one for?
time doing experiments. Perhaps in a few years’ time every
A: When your drone is in the air, you can move this right
home will have their own robot to do all the boring work
lever forwards, backwards, right or left and the drone
around the house.
flies in that direction.
B: OK. And what happens if I press this button?
A: It takes photos. Or if you hold it for longer, it makes a
video.
B: Cool. Let’s try it.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

186 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

Unit 9 73
69 I = interviewer, M = Madelaine
I: So, Madelaine. I know that you’re very excited about
(The words of Zoltan Takacs are spoken by an actor.)
your new job. What is it exactly?
1
M: I’m going to be a tour guide for a travel company.
My name’s Zoltan and I spend a lot of time travelling and
I: OK. Why do you want to be a tour guide?
studying snakes around the world, from the rain forests to
M: Well, I’ve always been interested in different countries
the oceans. For me, my work and my holiday is the same
and I’ve done a lot of independent travel – last year
thing. When I travel with my family and friends, I often go
I spent six months travelling on my own in South
diving and looking for sea snakes. I've even kept sea snakes
America. So I know all about visiting new places.
in the hotel bath. That’s what I call a holiday.
I: But going travelling on your own isn’t the same as
2
taking groups of tourists round famous cities or taking
My name’s Greg and I have a camping and caravan site
them from one hotel to another. Aren’t you worried that
in the south of England. Our busiest time is the summer,
it might be a bit boring for someone like you?
so I always have my holiday later in the autumn. Because
M: Actually, it’ll be fascinating because the tour company
England can be cold later in the year, I put my tent in the
specializes in adventure holidays. My first tour is
car, drive to southern Europe and go camping and hiking in
very exciting. I’m leading a group to the Galápagos
the mountains. My friends think I’m a bit crazy. They think
Archipelago, which is a place I’ve always wanted to
I should do something different for my holidays, but I love
visit.
camping.
I: That sounds amazing! So, who books these types of
3
holidays?
I’m Moira and I’m a pilot for an international airline. People
M: They’re usually people who are bored of traditional
think my job is a good way to see the world. Sometimes I
sightseeing and want something a bit different.
have a few hours in a city to go sightseeing, but usually I
I: So what can you do on the tours?
only see the airport and a hotel room. However, the good
M: Well, for example, on day one we go walking along the
thing about my job is that I get a discount on flights, so
coast and photographing plants and animals. Day two is
when I have a holiday, I like flying back to some of the
kayaking. So I have to organize and plan different group
interesting cities I’ve been to and spending more time there.
activities for every day.
I also prefer to stay in bed and breakfast accommodation
I: I see. How many people go on the tour?
instead of hotels because I think you meet more of the local
M: Usually eight. People often come on their own and
people that way.
make new friends. And if someone wants a day on their
71 own, that’s fine. I think the main thing is that they are
A: How was your holiday? never bored!
B: To be honest, I’m really happy to be home! I: No, it doesn’t sound like they will be! One last question.
A: Why? What happened? How much does it cost?
B: Well, on the first day at the hotel, someone stole my bag M: Err, actually I don’t know the answer to that.
at the reception desk. 74
A: Did you catch the person?
B: No. He’d run out of the hotel entrance so it was too 1 amazed, amazing
late. The hotel reported it to the police, but I never got 2 bored, boring
it back. Fortunately, I’d packed my passport and money 3 fascinated, fascinating
in a different bag, so as soon as I’d bought some new 4 interested, interesting
clothes I went sightseeing. 5 frightened, frightening
A: Great. 6 worried, worrying
B: The rest of the holiday went well until the last evening. 7 annoyed, annoying
Suddenly there was no electricity in the hotel. I went to 8 tired, tiring
find the manager, but she’d left for the night. But luckily
the assistant manager had some torches and candles and 75
all the hotel guests sat in the reception area and sang Ryan: OK, so first of all, how much money do we want
traditional songs from their different countries. That to spend this year?
was fun. In fact, that was probably the best night of the Margaret: Not much! It needs to be cheap. How about
holiday! going camping?
Ryan: Good idea. Who wants to go camping?
72 Adriana: Only if we can go somewhere hot!
We’d had a wonderful meal, so we gave the waiter a big tip. Margaret: But we’ll have to fly to go somewhere hot, and
I’d left my passport at home by mistake, so I had to go back. flying is expensive.
Peter: Who has a car? We could drive somewhere with
the tents. That’s cheaper than flying.
Ryan: I can probably borrow my brother’s car. I drove
to Spain last summer. It was really hot.
Adriana: Which cities did you visit?
Ryan: Barcelona and Madrid. I don’t mind going again.
Margaret: Great. How many people agree with going to
Spain?

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 187

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

77 85
TI = tourist information, T = tourist Sergio: So how’s it going? Did you find out about the
TI: Hello? Can I help you? website name?
T: I’m interested in visiting the Tarxien Temples. Do you Rachel: Yes, I’ve checked it and no one else has the website
know the opening times? name RetakeRecords.com.
TI: Sure. Let me check. Tomorrow is Monday so it might be Sergio: Great. I think we should buy it today. Oh, and I
closed. A lot of places are closed on Mondays in Malta. also started to design the home page. Let me show
Oh, wait! The site is open every day. you. What do you think?
T: Great! What time does it open? Rachel: Err, it’s OK. But there’s a lot of text.
TI: At ten and it closes at five. Sergio: Sure. But I think people will want to know about us.
T: Oh right. Could you tell me the price? Rachel: I see what you mean, but we can have a photo
TI: It’s six euros and you can book a ticket here, if you want. of the shop at the top, and then maybe a contact
But are you a student? page with more information. In my opinion it’s
T: Yes, I am. more important that people see the records for sale
TI: Then it’s four euros fifty. Also, how about booking a as soon as they arrive on the home page. Also, it
guided tour? needs a search box so they can find the record they
T: Um, I’m not sure. How much is that? want.
TI: The guided tour is an extra twenty euros. It’s a good Sergio: Yes, you’re right.
tour, it lasts two hours. Rachel: Lots of other websites have an ‘about us’ page.
T: Oh. I think I’ll just buy the ticket. One other thing – is Maybe you could put the text there?
there any public transport? Sergio: Good idea. Also, I think we could have a video of
TI: There’s a bus every hour from outside this tourist the shop on the page with both of us talking about
information office. Or another option is to take a taxi. It who we are and what we do.
isn’t too expensive. Rachel: Yes, I agree. A video would be nice there.
Customers will like it because it’s personal. Maybe
Unit 10 they can also contact us on that page.
79 Sergio: I’m not sure about that. Regular customers will
want to call or email us directly, so I think we need
This man and his family make these baskets in his home
a simple contact page and put information on the
in Hung Yen in Vietnam. Local fishermen buy them for
‘About us’ page.
catching fish, but some people also use them in the home
for storing food. Every morning the man puts as many Unit 11
baskets as he can on his bicycle and slowly cycles around
the area. As he goes, people stop him to look at the baskets 86
and discuss a price. At the end of the day he hopes to arrive Just over one hundred years ago, the British explorer
back home with none left. Captain Robert Falcon Scott died with his team of men in
the snow and ice of Antarctica. He had reached the South
82 Pole, but never returned to this hut, which was the starting
On your way to school or work this morning, you probably point for his expedition. Now the hut is falling down under
listened to music on your headphones. Maybe you the snow, and we would like to save it – not just because of
downloaded your favourite music onto a device which its connection to Scott, though this of course is important.
holds thousands of songs, or played your favourite songs Actually, we are more interested in what you find inside
through your phone. These days, listening to music is a the hut. Because of the freezing temperatures in this part
personal activity that we all do on our own, but it didn’t use of the world, the hut has become a time capsule. There
to be so easy to get music or to listen when you were on the are items of food, such as butter, biscuits and tins of meat,
move. In the seventies, people used to buy music on vinyl which are one hundred years old. The ice has preserved
records and play them on record players at home. them all. There are even some of Scott’s old possessions
But in 1979, the Sony Walkman changed the way people and equipment, and things like soap and medicine bottles.
listened to music. In the eighties and nineties, you used to When you go inside the hut, it’s almost as if he has only just
see people everywhere with their Sony Walkman, a few left it. I think we need to look after it because it tells us so
cassettes and a set of headphones on. In the end, Sony’s much about Scott, but also about our own past.
product was so successful that other companies copied the
idea, but Sony’s original Walkman was always the most 88
popular. By 1986 the name Walkman was included as a Jack: I need the TV for my game.
word in the English dictionary. Sonia: I'm watching a really interesting programme.
Looking back, the idea of the Walkman seems so simple, but Jack: But I want to get to the next level!
simplicity was the reason for its success. At the time, some Sonia: You’re always using the TV. I haven’t watched
people thought it was a crazy idea; after all, who wanted a it for ages.
music player with no radio, no speakers, no way to record, Jack: I’ll play it later.
and small headphones? They were wrong, of course. The
Walkman did everything people wanted: it was small
enough to carry, it played music, and it was personal.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

188 For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
 Audioscripts

89 95
Last week the captain of a Scottish fishing boat pulled an A: Would you move to another country if the weather
old bottle out of the sea in one of his fishing nets. He told became much hotter in your country?
news reporters that he had been very curious when he’d B: No, I’d love it if the weather became hotter.
seen the message inside. However, the message was a bit A: I’d go and live somewhere else.
disappointing. It wasn’t a love letter or a message from B: Would you?
someone lost at sea. Instead, the writer said the message A: Yes, I wouldn’t want to stay. I’d find a country with a
needed to be returned to an address. colder climate.
In fact, the bottle was part of a scientific experiment which B: Oh, I wouldn’t. I’d spend every day outside by the pool.
had begun 98 years before, when scientists threw 1,900
96
bottles into the sea in order to find out more about the
movement of the oceans. It took nearly one hundred years If you live in the middle of the city, maybe you think
for someone to find this bottle. So it’s the oldest message in that there’s nowhere to look at nature. Or if you have a
a bottle ever found – it’s a world record. local park, perhaps you don’t see anything except people
Of course, the history of messages in bottles goes back walking their dogs. However, David Liittschwager, the
many hundreds of years. Over two thousand years ago, photographer, wants to show us that everyone can find
the ancient Greeks put bottles in the sea to find out if the nature. Different species of plants and animals are always
Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean were connected. somewhere nearby.
And sailors in World War I sent messages home by bottles. David spent five years recording living things in different
For example, one sailor in 1915 wrote a love letter to his places around the world. He used a green metal frame
wife. The message said that his boat was sinking and that which measured one cubic foot and took it to different
he loved her. locations. Then he spent three weeks in that place and
photographed everything living inside the green metal cube.
91 That included leaves, animals, plants, fish, even living things
Good morning and thank you all for coming. Today I’d like which were smaller than one millimetre in size. Some of his
to talk about my holiday in Peru, and in particular, about photos were taken in places far away from any towns, such
my journey to Machu Picchu. It’s also called ‘The Lost City as the middle of a forest, the side of a mountain, the ocean or
of the Incas’. Let me begin by telling you about the history a river, but some of them were taken in parks in the middle
of Machu Picchu. It was discovered by the explorer Hiram of cities.
Bingham in 1911 …
So, that’s everything I wanted to say about Hiram Bingham. 98
Now, let’s look at the history of the Incas and why they Z = zoo manager, C = city council leader
built Machu Picchu. The first Incas lived in the region of Z: I’m very worried about the situation. The problem is
Peru around the thirteenth century … that the zoo will close without the council’s help. How
OK. Now, the next part of my presentation is about my own about giving us more money?
journey through Peru and up to Machu Picchu. For this, I’d C: I’m sorry, but the council doesn’t have any more money
like to show you some of my photos. So, this first one is a for the zoo.
picture of me in the town of Aguas Calientes. You have to Z: But if we don’t find a solution soon, then we’ll have
catch the bus from here to Machu Picchu … to close it. And the zoo is part of the city. It’s a tourist
OK. So, to sum up, Peru, and especially Machu Picchu, is attraction.
a magical place and anyone who’s interested in history C: Yes, but that’s the point. It just isn’t attracting enough
should go there. Are there any questions? tourists. You’re going to have to find the money from
somewhere else.
Unit 12
Z: It’s also an important place for animal conservation. If
93 we didn’t have zoos, some of these animals wouldn’t
When a tornado is coming, most people drive in the survive.
opposite direction. But storm chasers look for tornadoes C: I understand that, but we need to find a different
and drive towards them. Some storm chasers are scientists solution. What if you advertised the zoo more? In the
and they try to learn more about how tornadoes are formed. newspaper, on the radio or online, for example.
Other storm chasers are just everyday people who are Z: But if we don’t have any money, we can’t advertise.
interested and want to get good photos. The most common C: Well, why don’t you try sponsorship? You know, ask a
time of day to see a tornado is between 4 p.m. and 9 p.m., company to support the zoo.
but they can be very unpredictable. They can change Z: Actually, that isn’t a bad idea. You might be right!
direction at any moment and so they are difficult to follow. C: I have the names of some company bosses you could
That also makes them extremely dangerous. They can contact …
destroy trees and houses in seconds and some storm chasers
have died while they were following tornadoes.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale. 189

Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
National Geographic Learning, © 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc.
a Cengage Company
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
Life Pre-intermediate Student’s Book,
permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the
2nd Edition
copyright owner.
John Hughes, Helen Stephenson,
Paul Dummett “National Geographic", "National Geographic Society" and the Yellow Border
Design are registered trademarks of the National Geographic Society
Vice President, Editorial Director: John McHugh ® Marcas Registradas
Executive Editor: Sian Mavor
Publishing Consultant: Karen Spiller
For permission to use material from this text or product,
Project Manager: Sarah Ratcliff
submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions
Development Editor: Clare Shaw Further permissions questions can be emailed to
Editorial Manager: Claire Merchant [email protected]

Head of Strategic Marketing ELT:

Charlotte Ellis
Senior Content Project Manager: Nick Ventullo ISBN: 978-1-337-28570-4
Manufacturing Manager: Eyvett Davis
National Geographic Learning
Senior IP Analyst: Ashley Maynard
Cheriton House, North Way
Senior IP Project Manager: Michelle McKenna Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE
Cover: Lisa Trager United Kingdom

Text design: emc design ltd.

Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region
Compositor: emc design ltd.
Visit National Geographic Learning online at NGL.Cengage.com/ELT
Audio: Prolingua Productions and Tom Dick and
Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com
Debbie Productions Ltd
Contributing writers: Graham Burton (grammar
reference), Mike Downie, David Gray (some video
activities)

CREDITS
Although every effort has been made to contact copyright holders before publication, this has not always been possible. If notified, the publisher
will undertake to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity.
Text: Text: p10 Adapted from: (from question 2 onwards) http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/05/sleep/quiz/sleep#/sleep; p11
Adapted from: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/05/sleep/max-text; p12 Adapted from: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0511/
feature1/index.html; p13/181 Adapted from: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0511/sights_n_sounds/index.html;p15 Adapted from:
http://www.natgeotraveller.in/web-exclusive/web-exclusive-month/this-is-your-brain-on-nature/; p22 Adapted from: http://
americanfestivalsproject.net; p23 Adapted from: http://americanfestivalsproject.net; p24 Quotations, www.brainyquote.com; p27 Adapted
from: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/09/wrestlers/guillermoprieto-text called ‘Bolivian wrestlers’; p34 Adapted from: http://news.
nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2011/11/pictures/111123-amazing-transportation-ideas/; p37 Adapted from: http://news.nationalgeographic.
com/news/special-features/2014/08/140808-london-cabbies-knowledge-cabs-hansom-uber-hippocampus-livery/; p39 Adapted from: http://ngm.
nationalgeographic.com/2008/04/kolkata-rickshaws/calvin-trillin-text; p44 Adapted from: https://www.itdp.org/2017-sustainable-transport-
award-winner/; p46 Adapted from: http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/adventurers-of-the-year/2016/vote/pasang-lhamu/;
p47 Adapted from: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/field/explorers/reza/; p48/183 Source: Daily Telegraph 22.10.07. http://www.telegraph.
co.uk/news/features/3634463/Joe-Simpson-My-journey-back-into-the-void.html; p51 Adapted from:http://solution-dailybrainteaser.blogspot.
co.uk/2015/09/classic-matchstick-puzzle.html; p56 Adapted from: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/adventurers-of-the-year/2015/
aleksander-doba/; p58 Adapted from: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/01/high-tech-trash/carroll-text/1; p60 Adapted from: http://www.
theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/18/portugal-runs-for-four-days-straight-on-renewable-energy-alone; p60/184 Adapted from: http://
www.economist.com/news/international/21613334-vast-tree-planting-arid-regions-failing-halt-deserts-march-great-green-wall; p61 Source: BBC
Focus April 2016, page 64; p61 Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2301226/Fog-catchers-attempt-harvest-moisture-huge-nets-
Chilean-desert.html; p63 Source: http://ngadventure.typepad.com/blog/pastiki/; p64 Source: http://www.tecoart.com/; p71 Adapted from: http://
www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/photography/adventure-dreams/road-trip/lessons-learned.html; p72 Adapted from: Nat Geo Magazine,
February 2007 ‘Culture: World Party; p75 Adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/humanplanetexplorer/life_events/coming_of_age; p77

Printed in Greece by Bakis SA

Print Number: 02   Print Year: 2018
ILA Vietnam Ltd Co
For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
Adapted from: http://glimpse.org/a-wedding-story/; p82 ‘Faces of the Gas Rush’, National Geographic Partners, LLC, October 22, 2010. Reprinted
by Permission. p82 Marianne Lavelle, ‘Natural Gas Stirs Hope and Fear in Pennsylvania’, National Geographic Partners, LLC, October 30, 2010.
Reprinted by Permission. p82 Source: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jobs/11602670/Here-are-the-workers-most-in-demand-in-the-UK.html;
p87 Source: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/12/vaquero/draper-text; p94 Jay Gifford, National Geographic Partners, LLC, July 15, 2010.
Reprinted by Permission. p96 Adapted from: ‘The Eyes Have It’ from NG archive, July 2009, page 25. p99 Adapted from: Article on Biomimetics
2008 April (pg68-90). http://archive.nationalgeographic.com/?iid=52096#folio=70; p105 Zoltan Takacs; p106 Adapted from: The Tap dance of
tipping from NG Traveller Now-Dec 2010 page 16 and also at http://travel.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/traveler-magazine/real-travel/tipping/;
p108 Source at first edition: sources: http://www.nationalgeographicexpeditions.com/natgeoadventures?utm_source=NGdotcom-Adventure&utm_
medium=Link&utm_content=TopNav&utm_campaign=Ngdotcom; p110 http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/02/paris-underground/
shea-text; p118 Christina Bonnington, ‘Former Apple Employee Explains Origins Of Upside-Down Logo’, Wired, May 21, 2012. http://www.wired.
com/2012/05/upside-down-apple-logo/; p123 Information on why boredom is good for you comes from April 2016 of BBC Focus magazine page
106; p129 Source: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/01/photogalleries/100111-100-year-antarctic-hut-scott-pictures#/antarctic-
terra-nova-hut-robert-falcon-scott_11856_600x450.jpg; p130 Adapted from: http://tvblogs.nationalgeographic.com/2013/04/16/from-pac-man-to-
wow-the-evolution-of-video-games/; p132 Adapted from: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/09/120918-oldest-message-in-a-
bottle-science-history-messages/; p135 Tom Mueller, ‘How Tomb Raiders Are Stealing Our History’, National Geographic Partners, LLC, June 2016.
p137 Adapted from: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2006/11/reinhold-messner/alexander-text; p142 ‘What if …?’, xkcd. https://what-if.xkcd.
com/16/; p144 Adapted from: ‘Nature In One Cubic Foot’, http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/02/cubic-foot/liittschwager-photography#/
explore/; p147 Adapted from: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/10/jane-goodall/quammen-text;
Cover: © Awakening/Getty Images.
Photos: 6 (t) © Vincent DiFate/National Geographic Creative; 6 (b) © Pablo Corral V/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images; 7 (tl) © Mike Theiss/National
Geographic Creative; 7 (tr) © Chris Rainier; 7 (bl) dbimages/Alamy Stock Photo; 7 (br) © Nadia Isakova/Alamy Stock Photo; 8 (tl) © Teerachat
paibung/Shutterstock.com; 8 (tm) © Patrick McFeeley/National Geographic Creative; 8 (tr) © K M Asad via ZUMA Wire/ALAMY; 8 (mtl) ©
Stephen Alvarez/National Geographic Creative; 8 (mtm) © Jaime Riccio; 8 (mtr) © Colmar Wocke; 8 (mbl) © Cary Wolinsky/National Geographic
Creative; 8 (mbm) © NASA; 8 (mbr) © Zoltan Takacs; 8 (bl) © Ly Hoang Long; 8 (bm) Aurora Photos/Alamy Stock Photo; 8 (br) © Jim Reed/
National Geographic Creative; 9 © Teerachat paibung/Shutterstock.com; 10 © Sheli Spring Saldana/Shutterstock.com; 12 © David McLain/Aurora
Photos; 15 © BRDG Studios; 18 © Chris Hill/National Geographic Creative; 19 (all) © Tom, Dick & Debbie Productions Ltd; 20 © Cesare Naldi/
National Geographic Creative; 21 © Patrick McFeeley/National Geographic Creative; 22 © Linda Rosier/NY Daily News Archive/Getty Images;
22–23 © AP Photo/Jim Cole/AP Images; 23 © Ross McDermott; 24 (l) © Cameron Spencer/Getty Images; 24 (m) © Jamie Squire/Getty Images; 24
(r) Xinhua/Alamy Stock Photo; 25 Reuters/Alamy Stock Photo; 27 (t) Design Pics Inc/Alamy Stock Photo 27 (b) © Phil Clarke Hill/Getty Images; 29
blickwinkel/Alamy Stock Photo; 30 © Joel Saget/AFP/Getty Images; 32 (l) Xinhua/Alamy Stock Photo; 32 (r) Reuters/Alamy Stock Photo; 33 © K M
Asad via ZUMA Wire/ALAMY; 34 (t) © andrey_l/Shutterstock.com; 34 (ml) WENN Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo; 34 (mr) © Dan Kitwood/Getty Images;
34 (b) © Skysails; 36 (l) Cultura Creative (RF)/Alamy Stock Photo; 36 (r) Martin Harvey/Alamy Stock Photo; 37 © nui7711/Shutterstock.com; 38
Images-USA/Alamy Stock Photo; 39 © Ami Vitale/Getty Images; 40 (l) David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./Alamy Stock Photo 40 (ml) © Karel
Navarro/Bloomberg/Getty Images; 40 (mr) © tateyama/Shutterstock.com; 40 (r) © muratart/Shutterstock.com; 42 dbimages/Alamy Stock Photo;
44 (left col) © Pablo Rogat/Shutterstock.com; 44 (right col: tl) David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc./Alamy Stock Photo; 44 (right col: tm) Images-
USA/Alamy Stock Photo; 44 (right col: tr) © givaga/Shutterstock.com; 44 (right col: bl) © Karel Navarro/Bloomberg/Getty Images; 44 (right col:
bm) © muratart/Shutterstock.com; 44 (right col: br) © tateyama/Shutterstock.com; 45 © Stephen Alvarez/National Geographic Creative; 46 (l)
© Aaron Huey/National Geographic Creative; 46 (r) © Shah Marai/AFP/Getty Images; 47 © Reza/National Geographic Creative; 48 © Borge
Ousland/National Geographic Creative; 51 © Wachiwit/Shutterstock.com; 53 © VVO/Shutterstock.com; 54 © Val Thoermer/Shutterstock.com; 54
(inset) © Temujin Doran; 55 © Jolanda Aalbers/Shutterstock.com; 56 (t) © Eduardo Munoz Alvarez/AFP/Getty Images; 56 (b) Roy Childs/Alamy
Stock Photo; 57 © Jaime Riccio; 58–59 (t) © Peter Essick/National Geographic Creative; 58–59 (b) Andrew McConnell/Alamy Stock Photo; 60
(inset) age fotostock/Alamy Stock Photo; 60 © Forrest Anderson/Getty Images; 62 REUTERS/Daniel Munoz/Alamy Stock Photo; 63 © Don
Arnold/Stringer/Getty Images; 64 (l, r) © TEcoArt, LLC; 65 © A. Aleksandravicius/Shutterstock.com; 66 epa european pressphoto agency b.v/
Alamy Stock Photo; 67 (tl) © Kathie Nichols/Shutterstock.com; 67 (tr) © Amy Walters/Shutterstock.com; 67 (ml) © Gorb Andrii/Shutterstock.com;
67 (mr) © Lisa S./Shutterstock.com; 67 (bl) © Mentos100/Shutterstock.com; 67 (br) Al Kancello/Alamy Stock Photo; 68 (t) © Huguette Roe/
Shutterstock.com; 68 (bl) epa european pressphoto agency b.v/Alamy Stock Photo; 68 (br) © Forrest Anderson/Getty Images; 69 © Colmar
Wocke; 70–71 © Richard Ligato; 72 © Skip Bolen/WireImage/Getty Images; 75 (t) © Erin Patrice O’Brien/Getty Images; 75 (m) © Eric Lafforgue/Art
in All of Us/Getty Images; 75 (b) © Koichi Kamoshida/Getty Images; 76 © Hill Street Studios/Getty Images; 77 © David Thyberg/Shutterstock.
com; 78 © Pablo Corral V/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images; 79 © Lynn Gail/Getty Images; 80 © Evocation Images/Shutterstock.com; 81 © Cary Wolinsky/
National Geographic Creative; 82 (all) © Scott Goldsmith; 83 © ndoeljindoel/Shutterstock.com; 84 © X-ray by Nick Veasey; 87 © Ingram
Publishing/Getty Images; 89 © Jason Stitt/Shutterstock.com; 90 © Elif Ozturk/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images; 91 (all) © Tom, Dick & Debbie
Productions Ltd; 92 © Guillermo Garcia/Shutterstock.com; 93 © NASA; 94 © Iridium Communications Inc.; 95 (camera) © Aleksandar Bunevski/
Shutterstock.com; 95 (camping stove) © Premier Edition Image Library/Superstock; 95 (mobile phone) © 31moonlight31/Shutterstock.com; 95
(hairdryer) © luckypic/Shutterstock.com; 95 (laptop) © Gino Santa Maria/Shutterstock.com; 95 (hat) © kedrov/Shutterstock.com; 95 (matches) ©
Passakorn sakulphan/Shutterstock.com; 95 (towel) © sergign/Shutterstock.com; 95 (satnav) © jeff Metzger/Shutterstock.com; 95 (sun cream) ©
Konstantin Faraktinov/Shutterstock.com; 95 (torch) © SuperStock; 95 (sunglasses, umbrella) © Ingram Publishing/SuperStock; 96 (t) © Joshua
Silver/Centre for Vision in the Developing World; 96 (b) © Wong How Man/Centre for Vision in the Developing World; 97 dpa picture alliance/
Alamy Stock Photo; 99 (tl, tml, tmr, bl, bmr, br) © Robert Clark/National Geographic Creative; 99 (tm) Stocksnapper/Alamy Stock Photo; 99 (tr) ©
Greg Dale/National Geographic Creative; 99 (bml) © Honigjp31/Shutterstock.com; 99 (bm) © Flip Nicklin/Minden Pictures; 100 © Buena Vista
Images/Getty Images; 101 © mathieukor/iStockphoto; 102 © Chris Rainier; 104 (l) © Silver, Joshua/Centre for Vision in the Developing World; 104
(r) © Buena Vista Images/Getty Images; 105 © Zoltan Takacs; 106–107 Douglas O’Connor/Alamy Stock Photo; 108–109 © Frans Lanting/National
Geographic Creative; 111 Hemis/Alamy Stock Photo; 112 © Paul Almasy/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images; 113 © Ralph Lee Hopkins/National Geographic
Creative; 114 © Mike Theiss/National Geographic Creative; 116 (l) © Paul Almasy/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images; 116 (m) © RIEGER Bertrand/Getty
Images; 116 (r) © Todd Keith/iStockphoto; 117 © Ly Hoang Long; 118 © Al Luckow; 119 (l) Ian Dagnall/Alamy Stock Photo; 119 (r) © GAP; 120–121
Terry Smith Images/Alamy Stock Photo; 121 © Kiyoshi Ota/Bloomberg/Getty Images; 123 © Martin Poole/Getty Images; 125 (all) © Tatiana
Popova/Shutterstock.com; 126 Aerial Archives/Alamy Stock Photo; 128 Iain Masterton/Alamy Stock Photo 129 Aurora Photos/Alamy Stock Photo;
130 Interfoto/Alamy Stock Photo; 132 © Marine Scotland; 132–133 robertharding/Alamy Stock Photo; 134 (l) © robyvannucci/Getty Images; 134
(ml) Peter Horree/Alamy Stock Photo; 134 (mr) © Leemage/Corbis/Getty Images; 134 (r) © DEA/G. DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini/Getty Images; 135 ©
Javier Jaen/National Geographic Creative; 136 © Alexey Stiop/Shutterstock.com; 137 imageBROKER/Alamy Stock Photo; 138 © Vincent DiFate/

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved
National Geographic Creative; 139 © NASA/JPL; 140 (t) Llama, alpaca and woman, from Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, c.1475–1532 (silver), Incan/American
Museum of Natural History, New York, USA/The Bridgeman Art Library; 140 (m) © Marine Scotland; 140 (b) © rvlsoft/Shutterstock.com; 141 © Jim
Reed/National Geographic Creative; 142 (t) imageBROKER/Alamy Stock Photo; 142 (ml) © TongFotoman/Shutterstock.com; 142 (mr) Rob
Matheson/Alamy Stock Photo; 142 (b) © Salienko Evgenii/Shutterstock.com; 144 (all) © David Liittschwager/National Geographic Creative; 145 ©
David Liittschwager/National Geographic Creative; 147 © Michael Nichols/National Geographic Creative; 148 © David Cheskin/Press Association
Images/AP Images; 149 Marc Hill/Alamy Stock Photo; 150 © Nadia Isakova/Alamy Stock Photo; 150 (inset) © National Geographic Creative/Alamy
Stock Photo; 152 (tl) imageBROKER/Alamy Stock Photo; 152 (tm) © TongFotoman/Shutterstock.com; 152 (tr) Rob Matheson/Alamy Stock Photo;
152 (b) © David Liittschwager/National Geographic Creative; 153 (l) John Kellerman/Alamy Stock Photo; 153 (ml) © Design Pics Inc/National
Geographic Creative; 153 (m) © Richard Nowitz/National Geographic Creative; 153 (mr) © Design Pics Inc/National Geographic Creative; 153 (r) ©
rvlsoft/Shutterstock.com; 154 (tl) © Happy Together/Shuttersotck.com; 154 (tml) © Gordon Wiltsie/National Geographic Creative; 154 (tm) © Sam
Abell/National Geographic Creative; 154 (tmr) © Rose Carson/Shutterstock.com; 154 (tr) © Jonathan Irish/National Geographic Creative; 154 (bl)
© RIEGER Bertrand/Getty Images; 154 (br) © Todd Keith/iStockphoto; 155 (l) © RIEGER Bertrand/Getty Images; 155 (r) © Todd Keith/iStockphoto.
Illustrations: 16, 20 Eric Olsen/Sylvie Poggio Agency; 41, 50, 130, 155 emc design; 48, 175 John Batten/Beehive Illustration; 53, 72, 143 David Russell; 56
Kevin Hopgood; 73 Mark Turner/Beehive Illustration; 100, 142 Laszlo Veres/Beehive Illustration; 168, 169 Matthew Hams.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Life publishing team would like to thank the following teachers and students who provided invaluable and detailed feedback on the
first edition:
Armik Adamians, Colombo Americano, Cali; Carlos Alberto Aguirre, Universidad Madero, Puebla; Anabel Aikin, La Escuela Oficial de Idiomas de
Coslada, Madrid; Pamela Alvarez, Colegio Eccleston, Lanús; Manuel Antonio, CEL – Unicamp, São Paolo; Bob Ashcroft, Shonan Koka University;
Linda Azzopardi, Clubclass; Éricka Bauchwitz, Universidad Madero, Puebla; Paola Biancolini, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan; Laura
Bottiglieri, Universidad Nacional de Salta; Richard Brookes, Brookes Talen, Aalsmeer; Maria Cante, Universidad Madero, Puebla; Carmín Castillo,
Universidad Madero, Puebla; Ana Laura Chacón, Universidad Madero, Puebla; Somchao Chatnaridom, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat
Thani; Adrian Cini, British Study Centres, London; Andrew Clarke, Centre of English Studies, Dublin; Mariano Cordoni, Centro Universitario de
Idiomas, Buenos Aries; Monica Cuellar, Universidad La Gran Colombia; Jacqui Davis-Bowen, St Giles International; Nuria Mendoza Dominguez,
Universidad Nebrija, Madrid; Robin Duncan, ITC London; Christine Eade, Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli, Rome;
Leopoldo Pinzon Escobar, Universidad Catolica; Joanne Evans, Linguarama, Berlin; Juan David Figueroa, Colombo Americano, Cali; Emmanuel
Flores, Universidad del Valle de Puebla; Sally Fryer, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Antonio David Berbel García, Escuela Oficial de Idiomas de
Almería; Lia Gargioni, Feltrinelli Secondary School, Milan; Roberta Giugni, Galileo Galilei Secondary School, Legnano; Monica Gomez,
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Doctor Erwin Gonzales, Centro de Idiomas Universidad Nacional San Agustin; Ivonne Gonzalez, Universidad
de La Sabana; J Gouman, Pieter Zandt Scholengemeenschap, Kampen; Cherryll Harrison, UNINT, Rome; Lottie Harrison, International House
Recoleta; Marjo Heij, CSG Prins Maurits, Middelharnis; María del Pilar Hernández, Universidad Madero, Puebla; Luz Stella Hernandez, Universidad
de La Sabana; Rogelio Herrera, Colombo Americano, Cali; Amy Huang, Language Canada, Taipei; Huang Huei-Jiun, Pu Tai Senior High School;
Nelson Jaramillo, Colombo Americano, Cali; Jacek Kaczmarek, Xiehe YouDe High School; Thurgadevi Kalay, Kaplan, Singapore; Noreen Kane,
Centre of English Studies, Dublin; Billy Kao, Jinwen University of Science and Technology; Shih-Fan Kao, Jinwen University of Science and
Technology, Taipei; Youmay Kao, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei; Fleur Kelder, Vechtstede College, Weesp;
Dr Sarinya Khattiya, Chiang Mai University; Lucy Khoo, Kaplan, Singapore; Karen Koh, Kaplan, Singapore; Susan Langerfeld, Liceo Scientifico
Statale Augusto Righi, Rome; Hilary Lawler, Centre of English Studies, Dublin; Eva Lendi, Kantonsschule Zürich Nord, Zürich; Evon Lo, Jinwen
University of Science and Technology; Peter Loftus, Centre of English Studies, Dublin; José Luiz, Inglês com Tecnologia, Cruzeiro; Christopher
MacGuire, UC Language Center; Eric Maher, Centre of English Studies, Dublin; Nick Malewski, ITC London; Claudia Maribell Loo, Universidad
Madero, Puebla; Malcolm Marr, ITC London; Graciela Martin, ICANA (Belgrano); Erik Meek, CS Vincent van Gogh, Assen; Marlene Merkt,
Kantonsschule Zürich Nord, Zürich; David Moran, Qatar University, Doha; Rosella Morini, Feltrinelli Secondary School, Milan; Judith Mundell,
Quarenghi Adult Learning Centre, Milan; Cinthya Nestor, Universidad Madero, Puebla; Peter O’Connor, Musashino University, Tokyo;
Cliona O’Neill, Trinity School, Rome; María José Colón Orellana, Escola Oficial d’Idiomes de Terrassa, Barcelona; Viviana Ortega, Universidad
Mayor, Santiago; Luc Peeters, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto; Sanja Brekalo Pelin, La Escuela Oficial de Idiomas de Coslada, Madrid;
Itzel Carolina Pérez, Universidad Madero, Puebla; Sutthima Peung, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin; Marina Pezzuoli,
Liceo Scientifico Amedeo Avogadro, Rome; Andrew Pharis, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya; Hugh Podmore, St Giles International; Carolina
Porras, Universidad de La Sabana; Brigit Portilla, Colombo Americano, Cali; Soudaben Pradeep, Kaplan, Singapore; Judith Puertas, Colombo
Americano, Cali; Takako Ramsden, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto; Sophie Rebel-Dijkstra, Aeres Hogeschool; Zita Reszler, Nottingham Language
Academy, Nottingham; Sophia Rizzo, St Giles International; Gloria Stella Quintero Riveros, Universidad Catolica; Cecilia Rosas, Euroidiomas;
Eleonora Salas, IICANA Centro, Córdoba; Victoria Samaniego, La Escuela Oficial de Idiomas de Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid; Jeanette Sandre,
Universidad Madero, Puebla; Bruno Scafati, ARICANA; Anya Shaw, International House Belgrano; Anne Smith, UNINT, Rome & University of
Rome Tor Vergata; Suzannah Spencer-George, British Study Centres, Bournemouth; Students of Cultura Inglesa, São Paolo; Makiko Takeda,
Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya; Jilly Taylor, British Study Centres, London; Juliana Trisno, Kaplan, Singapore; Ruey Miin Tsao, National
Cheng Kung University, Tainan City; Michelle Uitterhoeve, Vechtstede College, Weesp; Anna Maria Usai, Liceo Spallanzani, Rome; Carolina
Valdiri, Colombo Americano, Cali; Gina Vasquez, Colombo Americano, Cali; Andreas Vikran, NET School of English, Milan; Helen Ward, Oxford;
Mimi Watts, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan; Yvonne Wee, Kaplan Higher Education Academy, Singapore; Christopher Wood,
Meijo University; Yanina Zagarrio, ARICANA.

ILA Vietnam Ltd Co

For teaching purposes only. Not for sale.
Content used with permission. Copyright Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved