-Music-

Music of the Classical Period (1750-1820) The three movements in a concerto are:

Sonata- It came from the word sonare, which 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form with
means “to make a sound.”. A sonata is a expositions of the
musical composition composed of orchestra and then by the soloist.
multi-movement for a solo instrument or a small
instrumental ensemble. 2nd Movement: Slow: Has more ornamentation
than the first
Three movements of a sonata: movement.

1st Movement: Allegro—fast movement 3rd Movement: Fast: Finale: usually in the form
of rondo, resembling the last movement of the
2nd movement: Andante — slow movement symphony, and usually a short cadenza is used.

3rd movement: Minuet—it is in three-four time Symphony- It is derived from the word sinfonia
and in a moderate or fast tempo. which literally means “a harmonious sounding
together”. It is an elaborate musical composition
for the whole orchestra with generally four
Sonata Allegro Form- The most important movements.
musical structure that was developed during the
classical era consists of three distinct sections: The four movements in Symphony are:
Exposition, Development and
Recapitulation. 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form

Exposition—the first part of a composition in 2nd Movement: Slow: gentle, lyrical—typical

sonata form that introduces the theme. ABA form or theme and variation

Development—the middle part of the 3rd Movement: Medium/Fast: uses a dance form
sonata-allegro form where themes are (Minuet or Scherzo)
being developed. It explores the harmonic and
textural possibilities of the thematic material. 4th Movement: Fast: typically Rondo or Sonata
form
Recapitulation - repeats the theme as it first
emerged in the opening exposition. Classical Opera
Opera is an art form in which musicians and
singers perform in a dramatic theatrical setting.
Concerto- It is composed of a multi-movement
work and is made for an instrumental soloist and The two distinct styles of opera are:
orchestra. This classical form of music is
intended primarily to emphasize the individuality 1. The Opera Seria (serious opera). This
of the solo instrument and to exhibit the usually implies heroic or tragic drama that
virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the employs mythological characters. This was
performer. The solo instruments in classical inherited from the Baroque period. “Idomeneo”
concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, by Mozart is an example of Opera Seria.
trumpet, horn, and piano. A concerto has three
movements: fast, slow, and fast.
2. The Opera Buffa (comic opera). This is from Wolfgang Amadeus
Italy. Comic opera made use of everyday Mozart (1756-1791)
characters and situations, typically employed
spoken dialogues and lengthy arias and was Born on January 27,
spiced with sight gags and naughty humor 1756, in Salzburg,
and social satire. “The Marriage of Figaro," “Don Austria, Mozart is hailed
Giovanni," and “The Magic Flute” are examples as one of the greatest
of popular opera buffa by Mozart. composers in Western
music. Displaying
extraordinary talent from
Music in Classical Period (summirized) a young age, he played violin and harpsichord at
five, was a recognized pianist by six, and
The classical era (1750-1820), known as the composed music at seven. Despite creating over
"Age of Reason," was marked by aristocratic 700 compositions, Mozart's life was marked by
influence on music and the arts. It featured financial struggles, leading to his death on
orderly compositions emphasizing formal beauty December 5, 1791, in Vienna. Notable works
over emotional expression. Classicism, include "The Marriage of Figaro," "Don
emerging in the mid-18th century, influenced Giovanni," "The Magic Flute," and
various aspects of European society. The term compositions like "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik",
"Classical" reflects ancient Greek and Roman Symphony No. 40 in G Major, and Sonata No. 11
principles, characterized by formal, elegant, and in A Major K311.
dignified qualities. The era also introduced
Alberti Bass, a style of broken chord Ludwig Van
accompaniment. Beethoven
_____________________________________
The Great Composers during the Period Born on December 17,
1770, in Bonn,
Franz Joseph Haydn Germany, and passing
(1732—1809) away on March 26,
1827, in Vienna,
Born on March 31, 1732, in Ludwig van Beethoven,
Rohrau, Austria, Joseph born into a musical
Haydn's life transformed family, began studying
from poverty to music early. A key
prominence through his figure bridging the late Classical and early
musical talent. As the Romantic eras, he faced deafness around 30
musical director for the Esterhazy family for 30 but continued composing with assistance.
years, he rose in social status. Haydn's music Notable works include 32 piano sonatas, 21 sets
reflects his calm and balanced personality, of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos,
contributing significantly to the development of 16 string quartets, and choral pieces like the
the string quartet and symphony forms. With "Missa Solemnis" (1818-1823) and the opera
over 100 symphonies, including famous ones "Fidelio" (1805). Famous symphonies include
like the "Surprise Symphony" and "The No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), and No. 9
Clock," he earned the titles "Father of the (Choral).
Symphony" and "Father of the String
Quartet." Haydn also composed chamber piano Characteristics of Beethoven’s works:
music and choral works. He died on May 31,
1809, in Vienna. - His music veered toward larger orchestras.
- Cellos give his music a darker mood, and Woodwinds-This family of instruments is
sound was centered on the violas and lower composed of tubes that have opening on
registers of the violins one end and a mouthpiece at the other. The
- All themes in a piece are tied together by one keys are rows of holes covered by metal caps.
motif. The sound change happens depending on the
- He developed musical themes and motifs air leaving the instrument. The instruments
extensively by means of modulation. He used under this in descending general tone order
more brass instruments and dynamics. are flute, piccolo, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and
_____________________________________ finally the saxophone.

Relation of other Art Forms and History in Percussion- This group of instruments produce
the Classical Music sounds in three ways: hitting, shaking or
scraping. Percussion instruments can be tuned
-The most significant event in the West during or untuned which affects in generating notes.
the classical era were the French Revolution The tuned instruments produce definite or
and the Napoleonic Wars, the American specific pitches while the untuned instruments
Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the deliver indefinite sounds or pitch. The
American Revolution. instruments that produce particular tune are the
marimba, timpani, and xylophone while indefinite
-The classical period is called as the “Golden pitch percussion instruments are the bass drum,
age of the music”. In this period, the musical cymbals, and snare drum.
forms are the Sonata, Concerto, Symphony,
String quartet and Classical opera. Brass- It is composed of long tubes which widen
towards the end to form a bell-like shape. The
-In terms of music, the musicians moved from instruments produce sounds through blowing the
the heavily decorated style ofthe Baroque period mouthpiece, thereby causing air to vibrate
and accepted the clean, uncluttered style of the against the inner border of the instrument. The
Greeksand Romans. Instead of using many valves are connected to the extended pipes and
melodies at the same time like the Baroque when increasing the length of the pipe, it results
period, the Classical composers make a clearer to a lower sound. In changing the tune, the
music in which one melody sings out while the player must change his lips opening on the
other parts provide a simple harmonic mouthpiece to create variation. In this group of
accompaniment. instruments are trumpet, trombone, bass
_____________________________________ trombone, French horn, and tuba.

Improvised Musical Instrument After reading this reviewer you shold be able
to answer the following questions:
Strings- In this group of instruments, the violin, 1. He was entitled as the “Father of
viola, cello and the double bass are the common Symphony”.
examples. The methods of playing the 2. This is the period called as the golden
instruments are plucking the strings with fingers age of the music
or a plectrum and hitting the strings with alight 3. It is composed of a multi-movement
wooden hammer or by rubbing the string with work and is made for an instrumental
the bow. soloist and orchestra.
4. the first part of a composition in sonata
form that introduces the theme.
5. known as the "Age of Reason," was
marked by aristocratic influence on
music and the arts.
-Arts- -Flat ceilings of buildings
-Used of arches and domes
Renaissance Period (1400-1600) -Used of roman type columns
-Square or rectangle symmetrical shapes
-Renaissance: Meaning renaitre: rebirth, revival buildings
& rediscovery. -Front or “facade” of the buildings are
-The most common subject of this period is symmetrical around the vertical axis.
human philosophy. ______________________________________
-Era of great artistic & intellectual achievement
w/ the birth of secular art. Michelangelo Di
-Focus was on realistic & humanistic art. Lodovico Buonarroti
-Characterized by accurate anatomy scientific Simoni
perspective & deeper landscape.
-Paintings depict real-life figures while -Italian sculptor, painter,
sculptures were naturalistic portraits of human architect & poet
beings -The “Greatest Livng
-Architectures is characterized by symmetry & Artist in his lifetime &
balance one of the the Greatest
-Is the art of calm & beauty Artsists of all time”
______________________________________ -Two of his most influential works in fresco in
history of western art: The scenes from the
Characteristics of Rennaissance Paintings book of genesis on the ceiling & the Last
judgement on the altar wall of the Sistine
-Linear perspective Chapel in Rome.
-Landscape
-Light Pieta
-Anatomy
-Realism Michelangelo Buonarroti’s
-Figure composition Renaissance sculpture
-Real-life figures made from Carrara
-Altarpieces marble. Intended for the
-Fresco cycles cardinal’s funeral
-Naturalism monument, the theme is
______________________________________ of northern origin famous work of art that depicts
the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary
Characteristic of Renaissance Sculptures afte the crucifixion.The name pieta came form
the Italian word “pity” and the Latin word
-Naturalistic portraits of human beings “piety” which means heartrending or
-Comtemporary subjects compassion. And this is the only piece of work
-Proportions Michelangelo ever singed
-Drapery
-Persceptive, re-emergence of classical subjects The Last
and forms Judgement
______________________________________
-Executed on the
Characteristics of Renaissance Architectures altar wall of
Sistine Chapel in
-Symmentry and balances Vatican. And took
four years to complete
 Characteristics of Baroque Painting
Leonardo Di Ser Piero
Da Vinci Painting in this period is mostly illustrated with
the Catholic dogma key elements, either in
He was a painter, Biblical works or an imaginary or symbolic work.
architect, scientist & The gestures are broader than Mannerist
mathematician. Known as gestures: less arcane, less ambiguous, and
“The Ultimate mysterious.
Renaissance Man”
because of his intellect, Characteristics of Baroque Sculpture
talent & expression of
humanist & classical The sculpture is marked by dynamic movement
values. One of the greatest painters of all time & along with active use of space, and typically
perhaps the most diversely talent person to have larger than life-size. Stressed movement, figures
ever lived. Some of his known works are the are caught mid-motion, meant to be seen in
“Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”. the ground, employ negative space, texture is
important within marble materials,
Mona Lisa and theatrical.

-also called as the Portrait of Representatives Artist of Baroque Period

Lisa Gherardini, the wife of
Francesco del Michelangelo Merisi da
Giocondo.One of Leonardo Caravaggio
da Vinci’s oil painting on
poplar wood panel. A An Italian artist who
painting that presents a wanted to deviate from
woman in a half-body the classical masters of
portrait and a backdrop of a distant landscape. the Renaissance. An
And Mona a polite form of address, originates as outcat of society
Madonna, similar to My Lady, Ma’am, or because of the lack of
Madamme. modesty & reverence for
religious subjects in his
own paintings. He started out as a specialist in
his paintings of still life especially fruits. Some of
his famous paintings are: “Supper at Emmaus”,
“Conversion of St.Paul” & “Emtombment of
Christ”.

The Last Supper

Also called “II Cenacolo or L’Ultima Cena. And

the most reproduced religious painting of all
time, one of the most famous painting, one of
the most studied, scrutinized & satirized.
______________________________________
 Peter Paul Rubens

Was a Flemish
Baroque painter, well
known for his
paintings of mythical
& figurative subjects,
landscapes, portraits
& counter-reformation
altarpieces. Some of his famous works are:
“Samon and Deliah”, “Landscape w/ a Tower”,
“Portrait of Helene Fourment” and “The Three
Graces”.

______________________________________

Gian Lorenza Bernini

An Italian artist & also

the First Baroque Artist.
That practiced
architecture &
sculpture, painting,
stage design & also a
playwright. He was the
last in he list of dazzling
universal geniuses.
And he was the greatest
baroque scuplor &
architect. Some of his ______________________________________
well known works are:
“Ecstasy of St. Teresa” &
Colonnade of the Piazza
of St. Peter’s in Rome.
 Rembrandt Harmenszoon passion for still life frequently emerges in he art.
Van Rijn And some of his famous works are: “The
surrender of Breda”, “The Maid of Honour (Las
A brilliant Dutch realist, painter, Meninas)”. “The Drinkers (Los Borachos)” &
and etcher. And generally Maria Therasa.
considered as one of the
greatest painters &
printmakers in European art.
And the only artist who have
painted more often of himself: concept of himself
continued to deepen in grasp & subtlety, while
his technique grew more daring. And also
produced 600 paintings 400 etching, 2000
drawings. His well known works are:
“Self-portrait in Old age”, “The Storm on the sea
of Galilee”, “Self-portrait with two circles”, “The
artist in his studio”.

______________________________________

Characteristics of Baroque Architecture

It was designed to create spectacle and

illusions, replaces with flowing curves of the
Renaissance straight lines. Symmetry still
applies in architecture, religious themes in
classical style, ornate, rich, with lavish
decorations inside and outside part of the
architectural works, attempt to show Church
power, emotional and violent portrayals, strong
contrast between light and dark colors, uses
Trompe l’oiel (fool the eye) painted illusions.
______________________________________
Questions:
Diego Velasquez
1. He was as “the most diversely talented
A Spanish artist
renaissance man”.
developed out of the
2. This Period focused on classical ideals,
Baroque period. One of
harmony, and humanism.
the finest masters of
3. This artist is known for having more
composition & one of
paintings of himself.
the most important
4. Who painted “Samon and Deliah”?
painters of the spanish
5. Give 2 characteristics of renaissance
golden age. He has a
sculptures.
-P.E- Merengue It is described as a Dominican
fun, fast and easy Republic
Social Dances and Dance Mixers dance made up of
simple steps. It is
composed of a non
-Latin American Dances -progressive
dance, but can also
-It can be determined through the costume worn travel
counter-clockwise
by the performing around
the floor.
-It is revealing tight-fitting, sexy and
sophisticated in nature.
Salsa It is a combination of Cuba
many Latin and Afro-
-It can be performed in an open or close hold. It Caribbean dances
can also be easily determined by the nature of whose movements
was caming from in
the movement. The movement shows rhythmic the Cuban Son,
expression, sensual, and spicy style. Cha-Cha -Cha,
Mambo and other
dance forms.
Latin Description Country
American of Origin Mambo It is recognized as a Cuba
Dances fast and spicy dance.
The Cuban motion,
staccato movement
Cha-cha It is a lively, fun, Cuba and expression of
-cha cheeky and playful rhythm
dance. through the body is
noticeable.
Rumba It is recognized for the Cuba
subtle side to side hip
movements with the
erect torso. -Modern Standard Dances
Samba It is known to the Brazil
simple forward and -The performers wear ankle-length gowns for
backward steps and females and coat-and-tie for males.
tilting, and rocking
body movements.
-Most of the time, they perform close ballroom
Paso Doble It is an energetic Spain position, However, if it is dancesport, it is strict to
dance modeled after do close ballroom position.
the drama of
the Spanish bullfight.
Modern Origin
Jive/Boogie It is described as very USA Standard Description
happy, boppy, lively Dances
dance, with
many of knee-lifting,
bending, and rocking
Slow It is a smooth dance Austria
of the hips. Swing It is
waltz that travels around
known as an
the dance floor. It is
energetic style of
easy to recognize
dancing in which
slow waltz because
adancer often lifts,
of the “rise and fall”
spins and flips his or
action.
her partner.
 Questions:
Tango It is described as Argentina
vibrant and playful
dance between two 1. This dance is described as very happy,
people. It is very rich boppy, lively dance with many of
in expression,
improvisation and knee-lifting, bending, and rocking of the
connection. hips
2. This dance originated from Cuba and it
Viennese It is known for its Viennis is a lively, fun, cheeky and playful
Waltz noticeable
gracefulness and dance.
constant, 3. A dance from Spain and it is an
wide-sweeping turns energetic dance modeled after the
along with its fast
tempo. drama of the Spanish bullfight.
4. What country did the dance samba
originated from?
Foxtrot It is a beautiful, USA 5. This type of dance most of the time,
romantic dance, they perform close ballroom position.
that consists of
fairly simple
walking steps and
side step. -Health-

Common Concepts in Drug Education

Quickstep The dance is USA
suited for both Drugs- are any substances or chemicals which
formal and when taken into the body, either through nasal,
informal events oral, transdermal or intravenous way, have
because of the psychological,
upbeat melodies emotional and behavioral effects on a person.
that Quickstep is
danced. The
dance steps can Drugs of abuse- are drugs commonly abused
be described as by users. In the Philippines, the three most
fast powerfully common drugs of abuse are shabu, marijuana
flowing, and inhalants.
sprinkled with
syncopation. Drug dependence- is a cluster of physiological,
behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable
-Dancesport is different from social or ballroom intensity in which the use of a drug takes on a
dances because it requires athleticism. It has high priority, thereby creating a strong desire to
established rules of different levels of difficulty. take the substance.

-Dance mixers are social dances that allows Drug misuse- is the use of a substance
group of performers to change partners incoherent or inconsistent with the
periodically while dancing to allow chance to get prescribed dosage or frequency of use.
to know other members of the performing group.
The major purpose of dance mixers is to Drug abuse- is the use of a substance for
maximize the social dimension of the dance non-medicinal purposes. Abuse leads to organ
damage like brain damage and liver damage,
addiction and troubled behavioral patterns.
Drug tolerance- is the condition of the body to PEERS AND FRIENDS
adapt to the effects of substances to the body,
thus requiring an even larger amount of the Risk Factors:
substance to experience the same physiological
______________________________________ ● Association with peers and friends
known to use gateway drugs
The Risks and Protective Factors of Using (cigarettes and alcohol)
Drugs ● Preference to stay with peers and
friends than with family
PERSONAL
Protective Factors:
Risk Factors:
● Association with peers and friends
● Use of drugs at an early age who do not use gateway drugs
● Risk-taking behavior ● Formation of friendships
● Experimentation ● Reliance on friends for emotional
● Poor social skills and interaction support
● Childhood problems ● Inviting friends at home to know the
● Feelings of isolation Family

Protective Factors: SCHOOL

● Self-control behavior Risk Factors:

● Good reasoning skills
● Excellent social skills ● Poor academic performance
● Positive interaction with people ● Lack of commitment to studies
● Sense of belonging ● Poor attendance in school
● Involvement in fights and conflicts
FAMILY
Protective Factors:
Risk Factors:
● Good to excellent academic
● History and patterns of drug use performance
● Attitudes toward drug use ● Participation to extra-curricular
● Poor parenting and child rearing activities and school organizations
● Inconsistent family rules ● Interest in attending classes
● Poor family values
● Poor family ties COMMUNITY

Protective Factors: Risk Factors:

● Good communication with people ● Easy access to gateway drugs

● Positive family relationship ● Poor community organization and
● Clear and consistent family rules neighborhood relationship
● Strong family values ● Poor implementation of community laws
● Positive expectation to child’s success ● Negative attitudes which favor drug use
● in family, school and community
Protective Factors: Hallucinogens= are drugs that distort reality
and facts. It affects all senses and makes a user
● Strong community relationships see, hear, and feel things that do not exist in the
● Active and positive community time being. The name hallucinogen came from
programs, projects and activities the word hallucination which is to perceive
for the youth illusions. Hallucinogens include lysergic acid
● Positive attitude which combat drug use diethylamide, psilocybin obtained from
● Strong community advocacy against mushrooms, and mescaline.
● drugs
______________________________________ Inhalants- are found in ordinary household
chemical products and anesthetics. It is readily
Drugs of Abuse available and accessible to young children.
Inhalant intoxication is like the signs and
Gateway drugs- are legal drugs that anybody symptoms of alcohol intoxication. One
can buy and try, which may lead them to use difference is the foul smell of chemicals sniffed,
more dangerous drugs such as marijuana and inhaled, or huffed by the user. Delusions, brain
shabu. Mostly, teenagers who are involved in damage, liver damage, coma, and even death
early smoking and early drinking have a higher are the effects of continuous use and abuse of
chance of using and experimenting with Inhalants. Examples of household products
dangerous drugs of abuse. An example of these used as inhalants are acetone, rugby or solvent,
are cigarettes and alcohol. ordinary and spray paint, cleaning fluids and air
conditioner fluid (Freon).
Depressant drugs- slow down a person’s ______________________________________
central nervous system (CNS). The Central
nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, Myths, Misconceptions, Signs and
and nerves. Individuals who experience anger, Symptoms of Drug Abuse
stress, or tense are commonly prescribed with
depressant drugs by the doctors to lessen their
extreme emotions. Depressant drugs can also
Myths and Facts about Drugs of Abuse
make patients feel light-headed and sleepy. Misconceptions
Depressant drugs include alcohol, barbiturates,
and tranquilizers.
Drugs of abuse Drugs of abuse shut down proper
improve brain functioning. Certain drugs
Stimulant drugs- speed up a person's central
memory. stimulate the brain but do not really
nervous system. Stimulant drugs have the help improve memory. Most drug
opposite effect of depressants. Stimulants make users claim they think better
a person’s energy high. Negative effects of and clearly after taking drugs but
tests on performance and cognition
stimulants include depression and tiredness. have proven that they have
Stimulants include amphetamines which include performed worst.
shabu, caffeine, nicotine, and cocaine. Drugs of abuse do not improve
memory.
Narcotics- are drugs that relieve pain and Drugs of abuse Certain drugs of abuse stimulate
induce sleepiness. These drugs in medicine are help in the the production of
administered in moderation to patients with digestion of stomach acids. Constant exposure
food. to higher than normal
mental disorders and those in severe pain like
acid level damages stomach
cancer. This kind of drug is illicit and dangerous linings which can result to
if taken. Narcotic drugs include cocaine, heroin, ulcers.
and marijuana. Drugs of abuse do not help in
the digestion of food.
 The Short and long Term Effects of
Substance Use and Abuse
Drugs of abuse Certain drugs of abuse remove
make a person shyness and inhibition. In
bold and brave. psychology, normal inhibition
prohibits a person to do
unacceptable things, thoughts, and
desires. Normal
inhibition includes not taking other
people’s things, not
crossing a busy street, and
knowing what is right from
wrong. The temporary courage
brought about by taking
drugs is a dangerous one as it
makes a drug user lose
normal judgment which is part of
the person’s normal
inhibition.
Drugs of abuse place a user in a
dangerous and life-
threatening situation.

Drugs of abuse Drugs of abuse are not the solution

remove life’s to problems and
problems and worries people encounter. Some
worries. people believe that using
drugs eliminate one’s problems
and worries in life. The
truth is drugs of abuse will only
worsen the scenario and
further add more problems, some
of which are even
harder to solve.
Drugs of abuse worsen life’s
problems and worries.

Drugs of abuse Drug users believe that certain

heat up the drugs cause the blood to
body. become warmer which makes the
body temperature rise.
In cold countries, drugs are used to
heat the body. The
truth about this is far from reality.
Drugs dilate blood
vessels in the skin which makes
the blood to flow nearer
to the skin which enhances
convection of heat from the
body to the outside environment.
Convection transfer heat
from inside the body to the outside.
Through convection of
heat, body heat is lost faster than
normal.
Drugs of abuse do not heat up
the body; instead, they
make the body lose heat faster
than normal.