CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS COMPLETION OF RECORDS WORK FOR SENIOR STUDENTS ‘Study of Bunsen Burner 2. Basic laboratory technics 3, Aquaitance equipments 4 Reactions of Anions Carbonate, Acetate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Sulphate 5. Reactions, of cations Lead, Copper, Aluminium, Ferrous, Manganese, Nickel, Zinc, Barium, Calcium, Strotium, Magnesium, ‘Ammonium VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS 1 Estimation of HCI vs Na;CO3 2. Estimation of NaOH vs Oxalic acid 3. Estimation of Mohr’s salt vs KMnO, 4 Estimation of Oxalicacid vs KMnO, SALT ANALYSI 1 Salt No-1 2 SaltNo-2 3. SaltNo-3 4, SaltNo=4 5. SaltNo-5 6 SaltNo-6 7. SaltNo-7 8 SaltNo-8 9. SaltNo-9 10. SaltNo- 10 11, SaltNo~11 12 SaltNo -12 13. SaltNo~ 13 14 SaltNo-14 18. SaltNo~ 15 IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: 1 ETHYL ALCOHOL 2. ACETIC ACID 3. BENZOIC.ACID 4. ACETALDEHYDE 5. PHENOL 6. ANILINE 7. BENZALDEHYDE 8 ACETONE 4. Surface chemistry Preparation of Colloids (i) Lyophilic sols. (i Lyophobic sols. 2. Chromatography. (i) Separation of pigments present in the leaves and flowers. (ii) Separation of the consttuents of the mixture of inorganic compounds containing Pb™ and Cd” ions. 3. Carbohydrates and Proteins (i) Qualitative tests for carbohydrates (glucose or fructose) (i) Qualitative tests for proteins (egg albumin or soyabean or milk or pulses) FAG Tears Casves) Lined, 50TH, Sata, (Opp Seer) HySTaDaG00 OFS Phone. O4O067TTOOD-09 Fax OA0-687T7O08ES / wanung NasNng ayo Zuysoy> eNO. somo wauoos up yBnosyp sowng oxy sioqua se ayy 's9qoy 2M UM sayeynd.as -aoyeynilaa ayy pa|ieos? 9qny [eyaus jo 99010 Tes FATE SITE un tm sS59030) peg Mtns oF 1 wing o1 sudo 1109 24 J0S2]0x 24) uado pur aurey 24) 29439890 ‘SUEY Sursnpogypaqies st suey Suyynsey aq, soe] yu JaN0q amp JO $2104 cit sO eN> HCW Wy. 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Reac' 2. Action of BaCt, solution : 1. ty [esos Carbon: |. Action of dil FICt : To the small quantity of salt is taken in a dry test tube dil FICT is added. Na,CO,+2HCI—> A small quantity of salt solution is taken ina dry test tube and BaCT, solution is added. 1Na,CO, + BaC!, »|BaCO, 4 +2NaCt Acetate! ‘Action of dill : To the small quantity of salt is taken in a diy test tube dit HCl is added. CH,COONa+ HC! | Action of Neutral FeCi,Solution : To the small quantity of salt is taken in a test tube and neutral FeCI, solution is added. 3CH,COONa+ FeCl, ->| Esterification test : othe salt solution Conc. H,SO, and C,H,OH are added and heated. It is poured into water. 2CH,COONa + H,S0, CH,COOH +C,H,0H | Action of Conc.HS0,: othe small quantity of salt is taken in a dry test tube Cone.H SO, is added. ‘Action of Mn0,& Conc.H,SO, ‘To the small quantity of salt is taken ina test ube pinch of MnO, and Conc.H,SO,are added . 2NaCl+ MnO, +3150, 1 Action of 4gNO,Solution : To the small quantity of salt solution is taken in a test tube AgNO, solution is added 2NaCl + H,S0, > NaCt+ AgNO, AgCl+2NHOH | Action of Conc.H50,+ a ‘othe small quantity of salt is taken Cone. $0, is add, dry test tube KBr+H,S0, | Action of Mino, Cone.t,s0,: 7118+ HaSO.—> ‘To the small quantity of salts taken in atest tube pinch of MnO, and Cone.H$0,are added. 2KBr+ MnO, +3H,50, 4 Action of 4gNO,Solution : SCORER tions lagcl 4 +Navo, [4g (H,), CI] +227, bir, t450, 7 424,0 ro, of Anions Groomer ate (CO,*) ion Colour and smell ess gas (CO,) evolved with Brisk effervescence. The gas puts off a burning splinter.1t turns Lime water into milly: WaCl + H0+CO, t White pptof( BaCO, )is formed. Solubility : Above pps. is soluble in dil. ICT (CH,CO0-) ion) ‘Colourless vapours with smell of vinegar is evolved and which tums blue litmus to red \CH,COOH + NaCl Deep Red filtrate is formed. On boiling above solution ‘with water it becomes brownish red ppt. (CH,C00), Fes 3NaCl Fruity odour is obtained. ‘Na,SO,+2CH,COOH Colour less gas (HCI with pungent smell is evolved and ‘gives dence white HCI fumes with lass rod when INaso,+21c1 —_SinpediniNH OH. Greenish yellow (pale green) colour vapours (C1,) with pungent smell are evolved. /2NaHSO, + MnSO, +2H,0+Cl, t White curdy prof (AgCD is formed. [Solubility : Above ppt is completely soluble in NH,OH. ie (Br-) ton Reddish Brown vapours with pungent smell are evolved, “HS0, + HBr Wich tums starch to yellow. Reddish Brown vapours (Br,) with pungent smell are evolved. Which tums starch to yellow. 2KHSO, + MnSO,+2H,0+ Br, t Pale yellow ppt.of ( AgBr ) is formed. To the small quantity of salt solution is taken in a test tube AgNO, solution is added, Solubility : Above ppt is partially soluble in. NH,OH AgBr 4 +KNO, solution‘To the small quantity of salt is taken ina test tube Lor 2 pieces of Cu turnings and Cone.HSO, are added and then heated PB(NO,), + #50, >} 2. Brown-Ring Test: ‘A small quantity of salt solution is taken in a test tube and same amount of freshly prepared FeSO, solution is ‘added, then few drops of Cone.H,SO, js added by keep- ing the test tube in an inclined position. Action of BaCl, Solution + “To the small quantity of salt solution is taken in a dry test tube and BaCl, solution is added. (50, + Bact, >} 1.To the salt solution a few drops of diL HCI solution is sited, Pb(NO,), +2HCI—¥ 2.To the salt solution Pottassium chromate solution (K,Cr0)is added. Pb(NO,), +K,CrO, | 3. To the salt solution Potassium iodide solution (KT) is added PO(NO,), +2KI 1.To the salt solution a few drops of dil.HC! solut added and H2S gas is passed. CuSO, + 1,5 >| 2. To the salt solution Sodium Hydroxide solution (NaOH) is added. cu(oH), >} 3.To the salt solution Potassium ferrocyanide KJFe(CN),] Nitrate (V0;) ion + 4 pation of cu tursings and Cone,50, Pbso, +241NO, Cu+4HN0, 3|Cu(NO,), +2N0, 7 +2H,0 Pb(NO,), + #50, >}PbSO, + 2HNO, FeSO, +3H,SO, + 2HINO, +3Fe, (SO,),+2NO+4H,0 FeSO, + NO+SH,0->|Fe( NO)(#,0), SOx (Sulphate (50,7) ion_) Reactions of Cations (Copper (Cu “*) cation) CuSO, +2NaOH -}Cu( OH), 4+Na,S0, ‘OBSERVATION Reddish Brown vapours of NO, are evolved and solution) turns pale blue. Dark Brown Ring is formed in between the junction of two layers. (Nitroso ferrous sulphate) (FeS,.NO) White ppt. of (BaSO, )is formed. Solubility : Above ppt. is insoluble in Conc. HCL. paso, +2KC1 pb “?) cation White ppt. ( PbCL is formed. Pact, + +2HNO, Yellow colour ppt. (PbC+O, ) s formed. Which dissolves in NaOH solution. \Pscro, +2KNO, [A Yellow colour ppt. is formed whichis disolved in hot w ter and cooled. Golden yellow spangles are formed. lpr, | +2KNO, Black ppt(Cus' cus 4 +H,50, Blue colour ppt. Cu (OH), is formed. Icu0+H,0 Chocolate colour ppt. CufFe(CN),]_ is formed. Which = soluble in diLF1CT 2cus0, +k, [Fe(CN),] Gu,[Fe(Cw),]+21,50,Aluminium (4/”) cation 8 Ent the sat sltion NHC salt and NH BUT solution are wedded. + Al(SO,), +6NH,OH =} 2.To the salt solution SodiumHydroxide solution (NaOH) is added. AI(OH), 4 +NaOH 3.To the salt solution NH OH solution is added. (Ferrous| To the salt solution NH ,Clsalt and NH,OH solution are added. FeSO, +2NH,O1 2.To the salt solution Ammonium Hydroxide solution (NH OH) is added. 3.To the salt solution Potassium “Feroependa KFe(CN), | solution is added, F680, +k,[Fe(CN),] To the salt solution NZZ,CY salt and NIZOH solu- jon are added, then HS gas is passed. : 2150, 411.8 | To the salt solution Sodium Hydroxide solution (NaOH) isadded.—- 2nS0,+2NaOH >) 2n(OH), + 2NaOH > To the salt solution NH,OH solution is added. ZnSO, +2NHOH —) Mangane: 1, To the salt solution NH,C/ salt and NHOH solu tion are added, then HS gas is passed, To the salt solution Sodium Hydroxide solution (NaOH) isadded. Mn(OH), +(0) > 3. To the salt solution N/T,OH solution is added MnCl, +2NHOH >| 1, To the salt solution NH,CT salt and NH,OH solution are added, then H 25 B95 is Passi vg, ) + 2NH.OH | Ni(OH), +11, | 2. To the salt solution Sodium Hydroxide solution (NaOH) is added. Ni(NO,), 3. Tothesalt solution NOH solution +2NaOH =} added. Al,(SO,), +6NaOH -9}241(OH), 4 +3Na,SO, Al,(SO,), +6NH OH — 2A1(OH), FeSO, +2NH,OH —} Fe(OH), + +(NH,), 5 Zine (Zn ‘MnCl, + HS) MnS 4 +11C1 ‘MnCl, +2NaOH 4 Mn(OH), 4 +2NaCl Nickel [i ) cation ) White gelatinous ppt. AI(OH ), is formed 2at(oH,)¥43(NH,), SO, White gelatinous ppt. AN(OH), is formed which is soluble in excess of NaGH solution. Naalo, «24,0 White gelatinous ps oes. Whchis olden exces of ),Lsatai,)_ 50, NH OM slution (Fe) cation Direy Green pp. Fe(OH) formed Fe(OH), 4 +(NH,), SO, Dirty Green prt. Fe(OH) formed. |x, Fe[ Fe(cn),]4 +K,50, ”) cation White ppt. (ZnS) is formed. lzns 1 +11,50, White ppt. Zn( O11), is formed. Above ppt. is soluble in excess of NaOH solution. lzn(On. . Va.30, NaZn0, = 211.0 White Gelatinous ppt is formed. Above ppt. is soluble in excess of NH OHsolution. Zn\Qii\ ~ +(Nil,), SO, je (Mn **) cation) lesh colour ppt. ( MnS )is formed. White ppt. Mint OH ), is formed. Which turns to Brown ‘colours insoluble in excess of NaOH solution. Mno.(O11), White ppt. Mn( OH ), is formed. Which is soluble in excess of NH,OH solution. Mn(OH ), ++2NH,CI Black ppt. (Nis) is formed. \Ni(OH), +2NH1.NO, lvis L +211,0 Green Gelatinous ppt. Ni(OH), is formed. Its insoluble in excess of NaOH solution. 'Ni(OH), $42NaNO, Green ppt Ni( OH ), is formed, Itbecomes blue violet on cess of NHOH solution. pacer een feinTo the salt solution NH,C7 salt is aekded, then NOM and (NIL).CO, solutions are auld, 2. To the salt solution Pottassium chromate solution (K,CrO,) is added. 3. To the salt solution Ammonium oxalate solution is added. 1. To the salt solution NH,CIsalt is added, then VH,OH and (NH),CO, solutions are added. CaCl, +(NH,), CO, >| To the salt solution Pottassium chromate solution (K,Cr0 |) is added. Cath, + K,Cr0, >| 3. solution is To the salt solution Ammonium ox: added. CaCl, +(NH,), GO, Strontiu 1. To the salt solution NH,CI satis added, then NH,OH and (NH),CO, solutions are added. ‘S-(NO,), +(NH,), CO, 4 2. To the salt solution Pottassium chromate solution (K,Cr0,) is added. S-(NO,), +K,Cr0, +} To the salt solution Ammonium sulphate solution is added. S(NO,), +( NH), SO, — Mag) To the salt solution NH Ct salt is added, then NH OH and Na IPO, solutions are added. ‘MgSO, + Na,HPO, + NH,OH 2. To the salt solution NaOH solution is added. 3. 1 gs0,+2N00H | 3. To the salt solution Na,CO, solution is added ‘5MgSO, +5Na,CO, + 61,0 1. To the small quantity of salt is taken in a dry test tube a few drops of NaOH solution isadded and strongly heated. 2NH,CI+2Na0H | 12. To the salt solution Nessler’s (Xi, reagent is added. 2K, [Hgl,]+ NH, +3KOH | SCOR! ‘Ni(NO,), +NH,OH —+ Ni(OH) NO, +NH,NO, Ni(OH)NO, + 7NH, + H,0 + [ Ni(NA,), (01 (Barium Batt, +(NH,), CO, BaCl, + K.CrO, 4 BaCr0, ¥43KC1 BoC, +(NH,), C0, 4 BaC,0, + 42NH,CI Calcium (Ca *) cation) ium (Mg *?) cation) (Ammonium (NH,*) cation |}1,N.HgOHgl +7KI+2H,O sees Pz (OH), + NH,NO, | |(Ba *) cation) Wiite ppt. ( BaC0 ys font BuO, 4 42NHCT | Yellow colour ppt BaCrO,) is formed which is soluble in dilAcetic acid and soluble in dil. 1CI White ppt BaC,0,)is formed... Above ppt. is soluble in hot acetic aci White ppt:(CaCO,) ks formed. Jcaco, + +2N11,C1 Yellow colour ppt. is not formed. (ellow Colour solution ( CaCr0, )is formed.) lcacro, 4 +2KCI White ppt. ( CaC,0,)is formed. [Above ppt. is insoluble in hot acetic acid CaC,0, 4 +2NH,CL (Sr) cation White ppt. (SrCO,) is formed. SrCO, 4 +2NH.NO, Yellow ppt.( SrCrO,) is formed. It is soluble in acetic acid, |SrCrO, + +2KNO, White pp. is formed. itis sparingly soluble in acetic acid and highly soluble in iL CL 80, 4 42NH1,NO, White ppt. Mg( NH.) PO, is formed, Which is soluble in LCT and acetic acid. |Me(NH,), PO, 4+Na,S0, + 11,0 "White pp. is formed. Which is insoluble in excess of NaOH. Ine:(0H), 4 +Na,80, White ppt is formed. Ag (OH), 4MgCO,SH,0+5Ne,S0, +0; colour less gas with pungent smell of ammonia (NH, )is evolved and gives dense white fumes (NH,CT) with plas rod when dipped in Conc.HCt bwit, t +2NaCI+24,0 Reddish Brown cofour ppt is formed. (lodide of Million's base ) Emin GnasWS SIE «1 GOT mussaud pray suopysaspiy yo wunowe ay, W1O= DH s0.SucIOW + yodoy sstu09 [ROU On 198 0 [TH WoUTDMXD sip wadoy “9 Teuy paooas puv anamng ap doys yu10d wi 1 uoRN|OS “Q-7'DA/JO Jw 9Z Ino oHadIg .* “pares 94 01 1 xy pue yeu ator dn sorqqnq se noqya. uoRnjos 947 W2A8 was AqySnouoxp anaing o1p Use *T Feimpesoid suidopedormoyacoqed + sued pua & aduwo Ayo = 40;291pUy O2'ON mou {= IIH you z SCORER ‘02+ 0'N=199NZ_— <——"O9"N+1DHT : edu “ainpaveyes sey [sow suodig ‘puss euang ‘snaINg + SMyELEdy i 001 . 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Se IMS TON Se |Sol T , a Priliminary Tests a 1, Colour : White Cw, Fe? & Mn cations may be absent, 2, State : Crystalline EXPERIMENT, CN INFERENCE 3. Flame test: Clean the platinum wire by dipping in| - Colourflameisnot observed | Ca’? St*,Ba"?,Cu"?,Zn*| con.HCl and heat it on flame upto no (or) Mn",Pb? colour appears. Now, prepare the paste! evsbicnt! of con. HCI + salt in watch glass, then! introduce this paste by platinum wire| loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat: ‘Asmall quantity of saltis taken in|Reddish Brown vapoursare evolved. | May be Nitrate (NO; j adry est tube and strogly heated. salt is present. : 5 Identification of Anion cam 4. Action of dil.HCl : 2) Asmall quantityofssaltistakenina Noreaction. dry test tube and dil. HCI is added, Carbonate (CO,?) & Acetate ( CH,COO*) & ionsareabsent. — § 2. Action of Conc.H,S0,: ‘Asmall quantity ofsaltis taken ina | a) Beforeheating no reaction, |Chlorde (C1) & Bromide Br} dry test tube and Conc.H,SO, is ‘ions are absent. added. b) Afierheating Reddish Brown | Nitrate(NO,)ion vapours are evolved. may be present. Action of Cu turnings and Conc.H,SO,: . Tothesmall quantity ofsaltis taken in| Reddish Brown vapours of NO,are | Nitrate (NO; )ion is atest tube | or2 pieces of Cuturn-| evolved and the solution tums pale Present ings and Cone.H,SO, are added blue. and then heated. Confirmation test for Nitrate i 1. Brown-Ring test : Asmall quantity ofsaltsolutionis| Dark Brown Ring isformedin | Nitrate (NO; )ionis taken ina testtube and sameamount} between the junction of two layers. confirmed. beg onic 250,solutioni(Nitoso ferrous sulphate) added, then few drops of Conc.H, isadded by keepingthe test caein (FeSO, .NO) aninclined position. iam POR4.Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion : Tothe small quantity of salt is taken in adry test tube few drops of NaOH solution is added and heated strongly. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of dil HCI solutions added. 3.Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops| of dil HCl solution is added and H,5| gas is passed. £4. Test for Ill Group Cations : * Tothe salt solution NH ,Ct salt and NOH solution are added. Confi 1. Action of NaOH solution : ‘To thesalt solution NaOH solutionis added. 2. Action of NH,OH solution : Toihe salt solution NH OH ‘solution i added. Identification of Cation INFERENCE, Con colour less gas (NH) with pungent smell isnot evolved. Ammonium (H,') cation is absent. No ppt.is formed. Lead (Pb**) cation is absent. No pptis formed. Copper (Cu**) cation isabsent. White gelatinous ppt. is formed. | Aluminium (AI) cation may be present.) SCORER irmation Tests for Aluminium Aluminium (4!) cation is confirmed. White gelatinous ppt. is formed. which is solublein excess of NaOH solution. Aluminium (4/”) cation is confirmed. White gelatinous ppt. is formed. Whichis solublein excess of NH_OHsolution. Report : ‘The given Anionis The givensaltis Pasa ThegivenCationis : Aluminium (Al**) Nitrate (NO, ) Aluminium Nitrate [ 4/(NO,), | En OaPriliminary Tests : 1. Colour 2. State 2 EXPERIMENT 3. Flame test : (Clean the platinum wire by dipping in con. HCl and heat it on flame upto no colour appears. Now, prepare the paste| lof con. HCI + salt in watch glass, then. introduce this paste by platinum wire loop into the flame. '4. Action of heat : £ A small quantity ofsaltis taken in = adrytest tubeand strongly heated. [ Ef. Action of aitzict : Assmall quantity of salt istaken ina dry test tube and dil. HCI isadded. 4. Action of Neutral FeCl, Solution : Tothesmall quantity of salt is taken in atest tube and neutral FeCl, solutions added. 2. Esterification test : To the salt solution Conc.H,SO, and C,H,OH are added and heated Itis poured into water. Confirmation tests for Acetate i White Crystalline Coa Colour flame is not observed Charateristics smell of vinegar. Identification of Anion Colourless vapours with smell of vinegar is evolved and which turns blue, Jitmus to red. Deep Red filtrate is formed. On boiling above solution with water it becomes brownish red ppt. Fruity odouris obtained. _ CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL MANUAL ___ Co, Fee & Mv? cations may be absent. Cae Ca’, Sr?,Ba®,Cu,Zn" (or) Mn*,Pb are absent. May be Acetate (CH,COO*) ion is present. CaM SCORER May be Acetate (CH,COO-) ion is present, ion Acetate (CH,COO-) ionis confirmed. Acetate (CH,COO-) ionis confirmed. 33 OSSIdentification of Cation ‘OBSERVATION as ay Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion : To the small quantity of salts taken in |colour less gas with pungent smell of | Ammonitimi (NH adrytest tube afew dropsof NaOH —_|ammonia (WH, )is evolved and givest-ation may be pre: solution is added and heated strongly. dense white fumes (NH,C1) with glass rod when dipped in Conc.HCI ) (ote: 1fArmmoniam cation is Wentfed then wit following able. Do confirmation est of Ammonium Cai Group Reagents Name ofthe 2 $ ; | teemircatin Tess cations) Name of the Precipitate Cation 1] Saltsolution + dil. HC? White ppt. PBCI, is not formed. | Lead (P6*) absent 1 |Salt solution + dil. HCI+H,S gas|_ Black ppt. CuS isnot formed. | Copper (Cu) absent aTH098 Salt solution + WH,CT salt + hive gelatinous ppeAl(O1), isnot formed] Aluminium (AP) absent NHOH solution Dirty Green ppt. Fe(OH), isnot formed. | Ferrous (Fe) absent g Sat solution + NH Cr sat |e npt Zn is not formed. Zine (Zn) absent v Flesh colour ppt. MnS'is not formed. | Manganese (fn) absent | NH,OH solution+HS gas | Black ppe NS isnot formed. | Nickel (9 absent Saltsolution+NH,CI salt+ | White ppt. CaCO, is not formed. | Calcium (Ca) absent V|NH,OH solution+ (NH,),CO, White ppt. BaCO, is not formed. | Barium (Ba) absent solution White ppt. SrCO,, is not formed. | Strontium (Sr) absent ul ‘No group reagents — Magnesium (Mg) absent Confirmation Test for Ammonium Action of Nessler’s reagent : Tothe salt solution Nessler's |Reddish Brown colour ppt.is formed.| Ammonium (NH,") reagent [ K,Hgl, ] is added. (Iodide of Million's base ) cation is confirmed. Report : ThegivenCationis : Ammonium (NH;") ThegivenAnionis : Acetate (CH,COO-) Ammonium Acetate | NH,(CH,COO) | ‘The givensaltis, CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL MANUAL cr ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTSalk-3 Priliminary Tests : 1. Colour : 3. Flame test : Clean the platinum wire by dipping in| con. HCland heat iton flame upto no} colour appears. Now, prepare the paste of con.HCI+ salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by platinum wire loopintothe flame. a 4. Action of heat: A small quantity of salt is taken in adry test tube and strongly heated. 1. Action of dil, HCI : ‘A small quantity of satis taken inadry test tube and dil. HClis, added. Action of BaCi,solution : A small quantity of salt solution is taken ina dry test tube and BaCt| R sotutionis added. White Colour flame is not observed Colourless gas with ammonia smell is evolved. Identification of Anion Colour and smell less gas (CO, ) volved withBrisk effervescence. The gas puts offa buming splinter, Ittumns Lime water into milky. White ppt.of ( BaCO, )is formed. Solubliity : Above ppt. is soluble in di HCl PSM ae aa Pe ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 5 cu cations may be absent. State Crystalline EXPERIMENT CE Ese Confirmation test for Carbonate ion COAST Ca?,Sr'?,Ba"* Cu"? Zn’ (or) Mn*?,Pb are absent. May beAmmonium (NH,’) saltis present. Carbonate (CO,*) ion may be present. Carbonate (CO,) ion isconfirmed. Fe? & Mn? SCORERIdentification of Cation poo Pasay Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion > To the small quantity of saltis taken in colour fess gas with pungent smell of | Ammonium (NH adrytest tube a few drops of NaQH ammonia (NH) is evolved and givestation may be preset solution is added and heated strongly. dense white fumes ( NHZ,C1) with glass rod when dipped in Cone. CI (Note: IfAmmonium cation is identified then write following table.Do confirmation test of Ammonium Cation.) 2 a Group Reagents ‘ Name of the § (Identieation Tess of cations) | Name of the Precipitate Cation 1 | Saltsolution + dil. HC? White ppt. PbCI, is not formed. | Lead (P5*) absent 1 [Salt solution + dil. HCI+H,S gas) Black ppt. CuS isnot formed. |. Copper (Cu?) absent Salt solution + NACI salt + bine getatinows ppt a1(O7), isnot formed] Aluminium (AP) absent NHOH solution Dirty Green ppt. Fe(OH), isnot formed. | Ferrous (Fe) absent us1098 Saltsolution + NH,C1 satt+ | Attempt ZnS is not formed. Zine (Zn?) absent Vv - Flesh colour ppt. MnS is not formed, | Manganese (Mn) absent NHOH solution+ HS gas Black ppt. NiS is not formed. ‘Nickel (NI) absent Salt solution + NH,CI salt+ | White ppt. CaCO, is not formed, | Calcium (Ca) absent ¥ |ni7,0H sotuion +cntt,,co,], White roe BaCO, is not formed. | Barium (Ba) absem | solution White ppt. SrCO, is not formed. | Strontium (Sr) absent M No group reagents —- ‘Magnesium (Mg) absent Confirmation Test for Ammonium Action of Nessler's reagent : To the salt solution Nessler's |Reddish Brown colour ppt.is formed.| Ammonium (NH) reagent K,Hgl, ] is added. (Iodide of Million's base ) cation is confirmed. Report : ‘ThegivenCationis : Ammonium (NH,*) ThegivenAnionis : Carbonate (CO,;?) ‘Thegivensaltis Ammonium Carbonate | (NH,),CO,] PUTS eseSolk- 4 Priliminary Tests > 1. Colour + State : EXPERIMENT 3. Flame test: |Clean the platinum wire by dipping in {con.HCl and heat it on flame upto no colour appears. Now, prepare the paste lof con.HCI + salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by platinum wire| loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat: A small quantity of salts taken ina dry test tubeand strongly heated. 8 8 & 5 f@ 1. Actin of ditHCI : ‘Asmall quantity of saltis taken inadry test tube and dil! is added, 2. Action of Conc.H,S0,: ‘Asmall quantity ro istaken ina dry test tube and Conc. SO, isadded. 3. Action of Cu turnings and Cone.H,SO, + To the small quantity of salt is taken in test tube | or2 pieces of Cu turnings and Cone.H,SO, are added and then heated. * 4, Action of BaC?, solution : Tothe salt solition BaCl, solution isadded. ion of BaCl, solution : othe saltsolution BaCl, solution is added. Piensa ; ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 7 White Crystalline Ce Colour flame isnot observed Colourless gas with ammonia smellis evolved. Identification of Anion Noreaction, a) Beforeheatingno reaction. b) After heating no reaction. ‘Noreaction. White ppt. of (BaSO,) is formed. Confirmation test for Sulphate ion White ppt. of ( BaSO,) is formed. Solubility : Above ppt. is insoluble in Conc. HCL eu Cu, Fe & Mn cations may be absent. Ca,Sr?,Ba®?,Cu"?,Zn? (or) Mn*?,Pb? are absent. MaybeAmmonium (NH, saltis present, &e |Acetate (CH,COO~) iong are absent. Carbonate ( CO,*) (Chloride (Cr*) & Bromide (Br) ions are absent. Nitrate (NO,;) ionis absent. Nitrate (NO,;) ion is absent. Sulphate (50;*)ionis present. Sulphate (S0;*) ionis confirmed. POSS aei Identification of Cation Con Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion : To the small quantity of saltis taken in |eolour less gas with pungent smell of| Ammonium (NH,*) a drytest tube a few drops of NaOH |ammonia (NH,)is evolved and givesfeation may be present! solution is added and heated strongly. dense white fumes (NH,CI) with glass rod when dipped in Cone.HCI (Note: [fAmmonium cation is identified then write following table.Do confirmation test of Ammonium Cation.) (Identification Tests of cations ) . 3| Group Reagents | Name of the Precipitate | “"Gson"? | oO 1 Salt solution + dil. HCI White ppt. PbCt, isnot formed. | Lead (Pb") absent i |Sattsotution + dil. HCI+H,S gas) Black ppt. CuS isnot formed. | Copper (Cw absent | Salt solution + NHLCT salt + nie gearinows ppeANOH, snot formed Alumni (AP absent || ™ NH,OH solution Dinty Green ppt. Fe(OH), isnot formed. | Ferrous (Fe) absent “ it b is fe rn“) absent i Saltsolution+NH,C1 salt+. | Mélte prt. Zns isnot formed. | Zine Za) absent | Flesh colour ppt. MnSis not formed. | Mangaese (Mn) absent | NHOH solution+ HS gas Black ppt. NiS is not formed. Nickel (Nr*) absent |S Salt solution + NH,CI salt+ | White ppt. CaCO, is not formed, | Calcium (Ca") absent White ppt. BaCO, is not formed. | Barium (Baabsent | V|NH,OH solution + (NH,),CO, solution “7 White ppt. SrCO, isnot formed. | Stoatium ($+) absent | Magnesium (Mg™) absent ul No group reagents — Confirmation Test for Ammonium Action of Nessler's reagent : To the salt solution Nessler's |Reddish Brown colour ppt.is formed.| Ammonium (NH,') reagent [ K,HgI,] is added. (Iodide of Million’s base ) ‘confirmed. Report: ThegivenCationis : Ammonium (NH,*) Thegiven Anionis : Sulphate ($O;7) Ammonium Sulphate | (NH,),S0,] The givensaltis Sma Pianeta ae rySatk- 5 ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 10 Priliminary Tests > 1. Colour t White Cu, Fe? & Mn® cations may be absent. State : Crystalline Pe Coz ma 3. Flame test: (Clean the platinum wire by dipping in i 4 con HClandheat ton lameupto no| OTS) Steen colour flame is observed. Ba’? May be present colour appears, Now, prepare the paste of con.HCI + salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by platinum wire loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat ‘ 8 Asmall quantity of salt is} Water droplets are formed on the May be Hydrated salt. E taken ina dry est tube and strong] inner walls of test tube. heated. § q Identification of Anion i g | 1g 1. Action of diLHCI : 2 ' A.small quantity of satis takers Noreaction. Carbonate ( CO,*) & 5 | © ina dry test tube and dil.HClis, Acetate ( CH,COO) added. ions are absent. | | 2. Action of Conc.H,S0,+ Asmall quantity ofsaltis taken) Colour Tess gas ( HCI ) with ® Chloride ( CI" )ion | | inadrytest tube and Conc.¥,S0,| pungent smell is evolved and gives | isadded. 7 dense white fumes (NH,CI) with nay be present, glass rod when dipped in NOH. Confirmation tests for Chloride ion 1. Action of MnO, & Conc.HSO, : ‘To thesmall quantity of saltis taken} Greenish yellow colour vapours (Cl,))_ Chloride ( C7-) ion in atest tube pinch of MnO, and isconfirmed, Cone H,SO are added, with pungent smell are evolved. G; Action of 4gNO, solution : \ S _Tothesalt solution AgNO) syyite curdy ppt. of (AgC1) is formed.| Chloride ( Cf" ) ion solution is added. is confirmed. Solubility: Above ppt.is completely “solubleinNH,OH COSny 1. Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion : To thesmall quantity of salt is taken in a dry est tube a few drops of NaOH solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of| dil HCI solution is added. 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of dil HCI solution is added and H,S gas is passed. 4, Test for Ill Group Cations : To the salt solution NH,Ci salt and| NH OH solution are added, 5. Test for lV Group Cations : To the salt solution VH,CT salt and] ‘NH OH solution are added, then HS gas is passed., . Test for V Group Cations : To the salt solution NH,CT salt is added, then NH,OH and (NH,),CO, solutions are added. 1. Action of K,Cr0, solution : To the salt solution Pottassium Identification of Cation Cann colour less gas (NH,) with pungent smell is not evolved. ‘No ppt.is formed. No ppt.is formed. ‘No ppt.is formed. No ppt.is formed. White ppt. is formed. “Confirmation Tests for Barium Yellow colour ppt. (BaCrO,) is Ci Ammonium ( NIL) cation is absent. Lead ( P6%) cation is absent. Copper ( Cu*?) cation fs absent. 1m (AL) & Ferro cations are absent. Zine ( Zn") , Manganese (Mn?) & Nickel (Ni) cations are absent. SCORER Barium ( Ba’?) or Calcium (Ca**) oF Strontium (Sr) cation may be present, Barium ( Ba") cation CRM aa ee chromate solution (K,CrO,)isadded.| formed which is soluble in ‘isconfirmed. dil:Acetic acid and soluble in ai HCt 2. Action of Ammonium oxalate solution + Tothesaltsolution Ammonium] White colour ppt.(Ba C,0,) is | Barium ( Ba") cation oxalate solution is added. formed. Above ppt. is soluble in isconfirmed, hotaceticacid. Report : ‘ThegivenCationis : Barium (Ba?) ‘The given Anionis Chloride (CI") The givensaltis Barium Chloride | Bac’, or ERR a aPriliminary Tests : 1. Colour : State : eae 3. Flame test: Clean the platinum wire by dipping in con. HC1 and heat it on flame upto no colour appears. Now, prepare the paste of con, HCI+ salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by platinum wire loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat: ‘Asmall quantity of salt is taken in a dry test tube and strogly heated. g #1. Action of dil.HCl : Asmall quantity of salt is taken ina dry test tube and dil. HCI is added.| 2. Action of Conc.H,SO, ‘Asmall quantity of salts taken ina dry test tube and Cone. H,SO, is added. Action of Cu turnings and Conc.H,S0,: To the small quantity of saltis taken in atest tube | or2 pieces of Cu turn- ings and Cone.H,SO, are added and then heated. 1. Brown-Ring test : ‘Asmall quantity of salt solution is taken ina test tube and same amount! 2 of freshly prepared FeSO, solution is added, then few drops of Conc.tts0] is added by keeping the test tube in \@ White Crystalline pons Identification of Anion ‘Noreaction. a) Before heating no reaction. b) After heating Reddish Brown vapours are evolved. Reddish Brown vapours of NO, are evolved and the solution tums pale blue. Confirmation test for Nitrate ion Dark Brown Ring is formed in between the junction of two layers. (Nitroso ferrous sulphate) (FeSO, .NO) an inclined position. Prensa {Grassy-green colour flame is observed, |Reddish Brown vapours arc evolved. Cu, Fe? & Ma cations may be absent. Ba*? May be present May be Nitrate (NO,;) saltis present. Carbonate ( CO;*) & Acetate ( CH,CO0*) ions are absent. 5 ‘SCORER Chloride (C1) & Bromide (Br) fons are absent Nitrate (NO, ion may be present. Nitrate (NO,;) ion is preseiit Nitrate (NO,;) ion is confirmed. EOS aSIdentifi Eo 4. Test for Ammonium (NH,)ion : To thesmall quantity of saltis taken in a drytest tube a few drops of NaOH solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of dil HCI solution is added. 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of dil HCI solution is added and HS gas is passed. 4, Test for Ill Group Cations : To the salt solution NH ,Cisalt and NH,OH solution are added 5. Test for IV Group Cations : “To the salt solution NHC? salt and NH,OH solution are added, then HS. gas is passed. . Test for V Group Cations : To the salt solution NH,Ct salt is added, then NH,OH and (NH,),CO, solutions are added. am09s 1. Action of K,CrO, solution : Tothe salt solution Potassium chromate solution (K,CrO,) is added. 2. Action of Ammonium oxalate ication of Cation COS colour less gas (NH,) with pungent smell isnot evolved. No pptys formed. No ppt.is formed. Nopptis formed. No ppt.is formed. White ppt. is formed, Confirmation Tests for Barium Yellow colour ppt. (BaCrO,) is formed which is soluble in dil.Acetic acid and soluble in iL HCL Pgs Ammonium (NH) ation is absent Lead ( Pb") cation is absent. Copper ( Cu**) cation is absent. : [Aluminium (AP) & Ferrous (Fe) cations are absent. iE & Zinc ( Zn’*) , Manganese (Mr?) & Nickel (NT?) cations are absent. & : Barium ( Ba") or Caleium (Ca’?) oF Strontium (Sr) cation may be present, Barium (Ba’*) cation is confirmed, The given Anionis ‘The given salt is CRS iaa ar solution : TothesaltsolutionAmmonium] White colour ppt.(Ba C,0,) is | Barium (Ba) cation oxalate solution is added. formed. Above ppt. is soluble in | isconfrmed hot acetic acid. Report : ThegivenCationis : Barium (Ba** ) Nitrate (VO, ) Barium Nitrate [ Ba(NO,),] 50 POTNSalk -7 Priliminary Tests : 1. Colour 2. State nn 3. Flame test Clean the platinum wire by dipping in con.HCI and heat it on flame upto no} colour appears. Now, prepare the paste! of con. HCI + salt in watch glass, then| introduce this paste by platinum wire! Joop into the flame. 4. Action of heat: A small quantity of salt is taken in| a dry test tube and strogly heated. Hoos [|4. Action of dil.HCl : ‘Asmall quantity of sltis taken in a dry test tube and di HC? is added 2. Action of Conc.H,S0,: dry test fube and Conc.H,SO, is added. Action of Cu turnings and Conc.HSO,: Tothesmall quantity of satis taken in atest tube 1 or2 pieces of Cuturn- ings and Conc,H,SO, are added and then heated. 1. Brown-Ring test : ‘A small quantity of salt solution is| taken ina test tube and same amount} XS of freshly prepared FeSO, solution i Jj, added, then few drops of Conc.H1 50, G2) isadded by keeping the test tube in ‘Asmall quantity of saltis taken ina | ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 13 White Crystalline Coonan Brickred colour’ flame ‘is observed. \Reddish Brown vapours are evolved. Identification of Anion ‘Noreaction. __ 8) Before heating no reaction. b) After heating Reddish Brown vapours are evolved. Reddish Brown vapours of NO, are evolved and the solution tums pale blue. Confirmation test for Nitrate ion Dark Brown Ring is formed in between the junction of two layers. (Nitroso ferrous sulphate) (FeSO, .NO) an inclined position. ress Aen Cu", Fe? & Mn? cations may be absent. iss Ca*® may be present saltis present. SCORER Carbonate ( CO;?) & Acetate (CH,COO*) ions are absent. |Chioride (CI-) & Bromide (Br*)] ions are absent Nitrate (NO,) ion may be present. Nitrate (NO,")ion is, preset. Nitrate (NO,) ion is confirmed. POMS ae1. Test for Ammonium (NH,*)io To the small quantity of salt is taken in adry test tube a few drops of NaOH solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of | dil HCI solution is added. 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of | dil HCI solution is added and H,S gas is passed. 4. Test for Ill Group Cations : To the salt solution VH,Cisalt and| NH OH solution are added 5. Test for IV Group Cations : To the salt solution NH ,Cf salt and| NH,OH solution are added, then HS ld gas is passed. . Test for V Group Cations : To the salt solution NH CI salt is added, then NH,OH and (NHT,),CO, solutions are added. soos, 1. Action of X,Cr0, solution : To the salt solution Pottassium chromate solution (K,CrO,) is added. 2. Action of Ammonium oxalate solution : ‘Tothesalt solution Ammonium| oxalate solution is added. ius Identification of Cation Coa colour less gas (NH,) with pungent smell is not evolved. Nobptis formed. No pptis formed. Noppt.is formed. ‘No ppt.is formed: White ppt is formed, Confirmation Tests for Calcium Yellow colour ppt. (CaCrO,) is not formed. (Yellow coloursolution is formed.) White colour ppt.(CaC,0,) is hia Ammonium (VH,*) cation is absent. Lead ( P6") ci is absent. Copper ( Cu") cation is absent. {Aluminium ( Af") & Fer (Fe?) cations are absent. 2 Zinc (Zn"*) , Manganese (Mr?) & Nickel (7?) cations are absent. SCORER, Barium ( Ba’?)or Caleium (Ca") oF Strontium (Sr) cation may be present. Caleium ( Ca") cation isconfirmed. Calcium (Ca) cation formed. Above ppt. is insoluble in| Report : The given Cati The given Anionis is : The givensalt is Besa hot acetic acid. | Calcium (Ca?) Nitrate (NO, ) Calcium Nitrate [Ca(NO,),] en COS ANe see is confirmedPriliminary Tests = Colour 2. State : 3. Flame test: (Clean the platinum wire by dipping in [con.HCl and heat it on flame upto no [colour appears. Now, prepare the paste lof con. HCI + salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by platinum wire loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat: A small quantity ofssaltis taken ina dry test tube and strongly 8 5 heated 4. Action of diLHCt : Assmall quantity of saltis taken inadry test tube and dil. HCI is added. 2. Action of Conc.H,SO, : ‘Asmall quantity of salt is taken ina dry test tube and Conc.H,S0, isadded. 3. Action of Cu turnings and Conc.H,SO,: Te the small quantity of salt i taken in atest tube 1 or2 pieces of Cu turnings and Conc.H,SO, are added and then heated. 4, Action of BaCl, solution : To the salt solution BaCl, solution is added. \ WWAction of BaCl, solution : Ble Costalline Ean Cano gatas Brightbluish-greer!colour flame is observed. Water droplets are formed on the inner walls of test tube. Identification of Anion ‘No reaction. a) Before heating no reaction. b) Afterheating no reaction. ‘No reaction. White ppt, of (BaSO,) is formed. Confirmation test for Sulphate ion White ppt. of ( BaSO,) is formed. To the salt solution BaCt, solution isadded. Solubility : Above ppt. is insoluble May be cw cation is present, Cu*? may be present May be Hydrated salt. Carbonate ( CO,*) & [Acetate ( CH,COO *) ion! areabsent. Chloride (C1) & Bromide (Br) fons are absent. Nitrate (NO,;) ion is, absent. Nitrate (NO,")ion is absent. Sulphate (SO,7) ion is present. Sulphate (50;7)ion is confirmed.a i {_ Identification of Cation Conn feta Pass 4. Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion : ‘Tethe spall quantity ofsaltistaken in| colour less gas (NH) with | Ammonium (N11, eation airy test tube a few drops of NaOH | pungent smell is not evolved. is absent . "solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : . 3 ‘To thé salt solution a few drops of | No pptis formed. Lead (78) cation dil HCI solution is added. 's absent. 3. Test for Il Group Cations : | To the salt solution a few drops of Black ppt. is formed. Copper ( Cu’?) cation dil HCI solution is added and HS gas may be present, i is passed. \ E 3 Confirmation Tests for Copper & § z 11. Action of NaOH solution : Tothesalt solution NaOH solution | Blue colour ppt. is formed. | Copper ( Cu’) cation isadded. {(Cu(OH),] | iseonfiemed. 2. Action of K,/ Fe( CN),/solution : To the salt solution Potassium| Chocolate colour ppt. is formed.| Copper ( Cu) cation ferrocyanide (K, Fe( CN ),]) solution CufFe(CN),] ‘sconfirmed. isadded. | us Which is soluble in di HCl. Report : ThegivenCationis : Copper (Cu*?) ThegivenAnionis : Sulphate (SO,*) ( Thegivensaltis : Copper Sulphate [ Cu So,} CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL MANUAL _1. Colour 2. State : Et 3. Flame test: (Clean the platinum wire by dipping in icon. HCI and heat it on flame upto no colour appears. Now, prepare the paste lof con.HICI + salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by platinum wire| loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat : A small quantity of salts taken ina dry test tube and strongly heated. 1. Action of dil.HCI : Asmall quantity of salt is taken inadry test tube and dil HCI is added. . Action of Cone.H,S0, Asmall quantity ofsaftis taken ina dry test tube and Conc.H,S0, isadded, 3. Action of Cu turnings and Conc.HSO,: Tothe small quantity of salt is taken in a test tube I or 2 pieces of Cu turnings and Cone.H,SO, are added and then heated. 4: Action of BaCl, solution : Tothe salt solition BaCl, solution is added, wt Action of BaCl, solution : Confirmation test for Sulphate ion . To the salt solution BaCl, solutionis added. Pale Green Crystalline Conon Colour flameis not observed ‘Water droplets are forthed on the inner walls of test tube. Identification of Anion No reaction. a) Before heating no reaction. b) Afterheating no reaction. Noreaction, White ppt. of ( BaSO,) is formed. White ppt. of ( BaSO,) is formed. Solubility : Above pz. is insoluble in Conc.HCI ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT May be Fe" cation is, present. INFERENCE Ca? Sr?,Ba"?,Cu?,Zn"? (or) Mn*?,Pb? are absent. May be Hydrated salt. Carbonate ( CO,*) & |Acctate ( CH,COO-) iong. are absent. 5 Chloride (C1 & Bromide (Be) fons are absent Nitrate (.VO,") ion is absent. Nitrate (VO,;) ion is absent, Sulphate ($07) ion is present, Sulphate (S0,*) ion is confirmed.Pores SES Identification of Cation sao Con INFERENCE 1. Test for Ammonium (NH,*)ion : To the small quantity ofsaltis taken in| colour less gas (NH,) with | Ammonium (NH,) cation adrytest tube a few drops of NaQH | pungentsmellisnot evolved is absent solution isaddedandstronglyheated. | 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of| No ppt.is formed. Lead ( P5") cation dil HCI solution is added. is sheen 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of No ppt.is formed. Copper ( Cu’) cation 2 dil HCI solution is added and HS gas ‘is absent. is passed. wsH098 4. Test for Ill Group Cations : To thesalt solution NH,Clsaltand| Dirty Green ppt. is formed. | Ferrous ( Fe") cation NH OH solution are added. ‘may be present Confirmation Tests for Ferrous 1. Action of NH,0H solution : Tothesalt solutionNH,OH |Dirty Green ppt. | Fe(OH ),] is, Ferrous ( Fe) cation solution is added. formed. isconfirmed. 2. Action of X,/ Fe CN),/solution : Tothesalt solution Potassium] — Deep Blue ppt. is formed. | Ferrous ( Fe") cation ferrocyanide (K,/ Fe(CN),)) solution] isconfirmed isadded. Report: ThegivenCationis : Ferrous (Fe*?) ThegivenAnionis : Sulphate (50,7) Thegivensaltis : Ferrous Sulphate | Fe so,| (Raia THSalk 10 Priliminary Tests : 1. Colour t White Cut, Fe? & Mn 2. State : Crystalline Co Bain es 3. Flame test Clean the platinum wire by dipping in] Dullbluish-whitecolourflameis | Pb"? maybe present con. HCl and heat it on flame upto no| observed colour appears. Now, prepare the paste| of con.HC1+ salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by platinum wire loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat : i Asmall quantity ofsaltistaken in} Cracking sound is observed. May be Lead Salt is 3 a drytesttube and strogly heated. resent, Identification of Anion 1. Action of dilLHCl : 2. Action of Conc.HSO,: dry test tube and Cone.H,SO, is ions ae absent ded. . ace b) Afterheating Reddish Brown | Nitrate (NO,)ion vapours are evolved. may be present. Action of Cu turnings and Conc.H,S0, “ ‘To the small quantity ofsaltis taken in| Reddish Brown vapours of NO, are | Nitrate (NO,;) ion is atest tube 1 or2 pieces of Cuturn-| evolved and the solution tums pale present. ings and Conc.H,SO, are added blue, and then heated, Confirmation test for Nitrate ion 4. Brown-Ring test : small quantityofsaltsolutionis | park Brown Ringisformedin | Nitrate (NO;) ionis taken ina test tube and same amount | between the junction of two layers. confirmed. of freshly prepared FeSO,solutionis| (trae ferous sulphate added, then few drops of Conc.HSO, (Nitroso ferrous (reso, . 0) POR Ae esa cations maybe absent. A small quantity of saltis taken ina i ayes diy test tube and di ICT is added, Noregetion. seen Ccneae oe z ions are absent. Assmall quantity of salt is taken ina! a) Before heating no reaction. _|Chloride (C1')& Bromide (Br }] RER CTT OTITETD.Identi 1. Test for Ammonium (NH,*) lon: To the small quantity of saltis taken in a dry test tube a few drops of NaOH solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of | dil HCI solution is added. Cont g £1. Action of K,Cr0, solution : To thesalt solution Pottassiuni ification of Cation Sz colour less gas (NH,) with d firmation Tests for Lead Yellow. colour ppt. (PbCrO,) is| Lead (P6") cation | ‘Ammonium (NH,*) cation pungent smell is not evolved. is absent White ppt. (PbCI,) is formed, | Lead (P6*) cation ‘may be present, chromate solution (K,CrO, ) is added formed. Which dissolves in NaO. isconfirmed, solution. . Action of KT solution : Tothesalt solution Potassium) A Yellow colour ppt. is formed | Lead (Pb) cation iodide (K1) solution is added. which is disolved in hot water and isconfirmed. cooled. Golden yellow spangles are formed. | I Report: i, ‘The given Cation Lead ( Pb *?) The given Anionis Nitrate (NO, ) ‘The given saltis Lead Nitrate [ P5(NO,),) Pasa iF a WeOTSA ST EN SE} Priliminary Tests : Cu", Fe & Mn? 1. Colour cations may be absent. 2. State : Crystalline Goo sas ae 3. Flame test: Clean the platinum wire bydippingin| Colour flameisnotobserved | Ca'Sr®,Ba'Cu">Zn? con. HCl and heat it on flame upto no| (or) Mi colour appears. Now, prepare the| : paste of con.HICI + salt in watch] 3 seabsent. lass, then introduce this paste by| platinurt wire loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat g Asmall quantity ofsaltis| Water dropletsare formed onthe | May be Hydrated salt. £ taken ina dry test tube and strong] innier walls of test tube. ® heated. . . id Identification of Anion | 84. Action of aiLHCt : # ‘A small quantity of saltis taken, Noreaction. Carbonate ( CO,?) & 5 in adry test tube and di. HClis, ‘Acetate ( CH,CO0*) # added. ions are absent. 2. Action of Conc.H,S0,2 Asmall quantity ofssaltistakey) Colour less gas (HCI ) with Chloride ( C1") ion ina dry test tube and Cone.#1,50,| pungent smell is evolved and gives may be present. dense white fumes (NH,C1) with isadded, glass rod when dipped in NH OH. Confirmation tests for Chloride ion 1. Action of MnO, & Cone.H,SO, : To thesmall quantity of salt is taken] Greenish yellow colour vapours ( CI,)|_ Chloride ( Cl”) ion inatesttube pinchof MnO, and | th pungent smell are evolved. isconfirmed. Cone.H,SO,are added. 2. Action of AgNO, solution : Tothesalt solution AgNO,] White curdy ppt. of (AgC1) is formed.) Chloride ( Cl” ) ion tionis added. ; solution is added, Solubility : Above ppt. is completely isconfirmed. soluble in NH,OH POA ae CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL MANUAL __€nn 4. Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion: Tothesmall quantity of salt is taken in adry test tube a few drops of NaOH solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of dil HCI solution is added. 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of dil HCl solution is added and HS gas is passed. 4, Test for Ill Group Cations : To the salt solution WH Cisalt and NHOH solution are added. §5. Test for IV Group Cation: z ‘To the salt solution VH,C/ salt and] NH OH solution are added, then H,S gas is passed. . Test for V Group Cations To the salt solution NH,CI salt is added, then NH,OH and (NH,),CO, solutions are added. 7.Test for Megnesium (Mg*) ion: Action of NH,OH andNa,HPO, solution To the salt solution NH,CI saltis added, | then NH OH andNa,HPO, solutions are added. ‘Confirmation Tests for Magi 1. Action of NaOH solution : To the salt solution NaOH solution is| added. 2.To the salt solution Na,CO, solution is added. Identification of Cation moon colour less gas (NH,) with pungent smell isnot evolved. ‘No ppt.is formed. No ppt.is formed. No ppt.is formed. No ppt.is formed. No ppt.is formed. White ppt. Mg(NH,) PO, is formed. Which is soluble in dil. HCland acetic acid. White ppt. is formed. Which is insoluble in excess of ‘NaOH. White ppt. is formed. Pisa Ammonium (VH,*) cation is absent. Lead (P6*) cation is absent. Copper ( Cu") cation is absent. d |Aluminium ( AP") & Ferro (Fe) cations are absent. Zine ( Zn"), Manganese (Mn?) & Nickel (NE) [g ‘cations are absent. £ Barium (Ba?) Calcium & (Ca’?) & Strontium ( Se" cations are absent. Magnesium ( Mg") cation may be present. inesium Magnesium ( Mg") cation is confirmed. Magnesium ( Mg") cation is confirmed. Report : ‘The givenCationis : ‘The given Anionis The givensaltis ‘CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL MANUAL Magnesium (Mg *?) Chloride ( CI") a Magnesium Chloride [ MgCi,] ___ ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTSatt-Q Priliminary Tests : 1. Colour v State 3 Ey 2. 3. Flame test : Clean the platinum wire by dipping in /con.HCLand heat it on flame upto no| colour appears. Now, prepare the| paste of con.HCt + salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by| platinum wire loop into the flame, 4, Action of heat ? g Asmall quantity of salt is| E taken in a dry test tube and strong! heated. 4. Action of dilHCl : A small quantity of salts taken ina dry test tube and diLHClis added. 2. Action of Conc.HS0,% Assmall quantity of salts take ina dry test tube and Conc.HS0, isadded. 1. Action of MnO, & Conc.H,SO, : To thesmall quantity ofsaltis taken inatest tube pinch of MnO, and Cone.H,SO, are added. . Action of 4gNO, solution : Tothe salt solution AgNO] solution is added, CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL MANUAL ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 20 Pale pink Crystalline Coo Green flashes colour flame is observed Water droplets are formed on the inner walls of test tube. Identification of Anion No reaction. Colour less gas (HCI ) with pungent smell is evolved and gives dense white fumes (VH,C/) with glass rod when dipped in NH,OH. Confirmation tests for Chlorid Greenish yellow colour vapours ( Cl,) with pungent smell are evolved. White curdy ppt. of (AgC1) is formed, Solubility: Above ppt. is completely soluble in NH,OH 67 le ion EOS an ‘Mn’? cation may be present. INFERENCE Zn? or Mn* may be present May be Hydrated salt. SCORER Carbonate (CO;*) & Acetate (CH,COO°) ions are absent, Chloride ( C1” )ion may be present. Chloride ( CI-) ion isconfirmed. Chloride ( CI") ion isconfirmed.ania 1. Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion: To the small quantity of salt is taken in a dry test tube a few drops of NaOH solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of | dil HCI solution is added. 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of dil HCI solution is added and HS gas is passed. 4. Test for Ill Group Cations : To the salt solution VH,,CI salt and| NH,OH solution are added. Test for IV Group Cations : To the salt solution WH,,C/ salt and NH,OH solution are added, then H,S gas is passed. 1. Action of NaOH solution : To the salt solution Sodium| Hydroxide solution (NaOH) is added. It 2. Action of NH,OH solution : To the salt solution NH,OH| solution is added. Identification of Cation Flesh colour ppt. (MnS ) is White ppt. Mn( OH), is formed | White ppt. Mn( OH ), is formed. GEoEn zon asad colour less gas (NH,) with Ammonnnne Vi! pungent smell isnot evolved, isvabsent No ppt.is formed. Lead ( Pb") cation is absent No pptis formed. Copper ( Cu") cation is absent ‘No ppt.is formed. [Aluminium (At) & Ferro formed, may be present Confirmation Tests for Manganese +h turns to Brown colour. is confirmed. insoluble in excess of NaOH solution. Whichis soluble in excess of is confirmed. ‘NH OH solution. Report: The given Cationis + The given Anionis Thegivensaltis PES Manganese (Mn *?) Chloride (CI-) Manganese Chloride [ MnCl,] era er Manganese ( Mn?) catio Manganese ( Mn") cation Manganese ( Mn") cationSoll- 1S Priliminary Tests : 1. Colour : Greenish Nv? cation may be present, 2. State : Crystalline EXPERIMENT. Ean ia 3. Flame test : Clean the platinum wire by dipping in| — Colourflameisnotobserved _|Ca\St con. HCI and heat it on flame upto no (ot) Mn®,Pb* colourappears. Now, prepare the paste ‘l of con, HCL+ salt in watch glass, then| are absent, introduce this paste by platinum wire| loop into the flame 4. Action of heat: 4 Assmall quantity of salt is taken in! Reddish Brown vapours are evolved. | May be Nitrate (NO, § _adrytest tubeand strogly heated, salt is present. Identification of Anion E 1. Action of di.HCI : ‘| A small quantity of saltis taken ina No reaction. Carbonate (CO,?) & dry test tube and dil HC is added] Acetate ( CH,COO*) 2 ionsareabsent. § 2. Action of Conc.H,SO,: Assmall quantity ofsaltistakenina| ) Before heating no reaction. —_|chioride(C1) & Bromide (Br dry test tube and Cone.H,SO, is : " eerste added. b) After heating Reddish Brown Nitrate (N'O,") ion vapours are evolved. may be present. Action of Cu turnings and Conc.H,SO,? ‘To thesmall quantity of saltis taken in| Reddish Brown vapours of NO, are | Nitrate (NO,>) ion is atest tube | or2 pieces of Cu turn-| evolved and the solution tums pale present, ings and Cone.H,SO, are added blue and then heated, Confirmation test for Nitrate ion 1. Brown-Ring test : Assmall quantity ofsaltsolutionis | Dark Brown Ring is formed in Nitrate (NO,;) ion is taken ina test tube and same amount | between the junction of two layers. confirmed, of freshly prepared FeSO,solution is] (Nitroso ferous sulphate) added, then few drops of Cone.t1,$0, is added by keeping the test tube in (FeSO, .NO) aninclined position, (rasa vA CORRS eaeIdentification of Cation Prose INFERENCE 1. Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion : To the small quantity of saltis taken in| colour less gas (NH,) with | Ammonium (WH;*) cation adry test tube a few drops of NaOH | pungent smell isnot evolved. is absent solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of No ppt.is formed. Lead ( P5*) cation dil HCI solution is added. is absent. 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of No ppt.is formed. Copper ( Cu") cation dil HCI solution is added and HS gas ) is absent, is passed, & ba. Test for Ill Group Cations : , 5 To the salt solution NH CI salt and No ppt.is formed. [Aluminium (AP) & Ferro * NH,OH solution are added, (Fe) cations are ubsent, f . Test for IV Group Cations : To the salt solution NHCisalt and] Black ppt. ( NiS.) is formed. NHOH solution are added, then H,S Nickel ( Ni) cation may bg gas is passed. 4 present. Confirmation Tests for Nickel 1. Action of NaOH solution : Tothesalt solution Sodium| Green Gelarinous ppt.Ni(OH),| Nickel Ni") cation Hydroxide solution (NaOH) is added: jis formed. tis insoluble in excess of, isconfirmed, NaOH solution. 2, Action of NH,OH solution : I Tothe salt solution VH,OH | Green ppt. Ni( OH), is formed. solutionis added. Itbecomes blue violet on addition of excess of NH OH solution, Report: The given Cationis Thegiven Anionis Nickel (Ni*?) Nitrate (N0,) Thegivensaltis : Nickel Nitrate | Ni(NO,),] CEES iaSalk- ly Priliminary Tests : 1. Colour : 3. Flame test : . [Clean the platinum wire by dipping in [con.HCTand heat it on flame upto no| colour appears. Now, prepare the paste of con. HCI + salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by| platinum wire loop into the flame. 4. Action of heat 3 § Asmall quantity of salt is| E taken ina dry test tube and strong) heated. | 1. Action of dil HCI + Assmall quantity of satis taken ina dry test tube and dil.HClis added. 2. Action of Conc.H,S0,: ‘A small quantity of salt is taken ina dry est tube and Cone1,50, isadded. 1. Action of MnO, & Cone.H,S0,: Tothesmall quantity ofsalt is taken| inatesttube pinch of MO, and Cone,H,SO are added, @ Action of AgNO, solution : Tothesalt solution AgNO,| solution is added. Ss ea White Crystalline CoEnzoy Crimson red colour flame is observed Water droplets are formed on the inner walls of test tube. Identification of Anion ‘Noreaction, Colour less gas (HCI) with pungent srrell is evolved and gives dense white fumes (NH,C1) with glass rod when dipped in NH,OH. Confirmation tests for-Chlorid Greenish yellow colour vapours ( Cl,)} with pungent smell are evolved. White curdy ppt. of (AgCI) is formed. Solubility: Above ppr. is completely solublein WH,OH Cu, Fe"? & Mur? cations may be absent. hae Sr may be present May be Hydrated salt, Carbonate (CO,7) & Acetate ( CH,CO0°) ions are absent, Chloride ( C1" ion may be present, le ion Chloride (Cl )ion isconfirmed. Chloride (CI )ion isconfirmed. a WTI. ‘SCORERIdentification of Cation ey Crome 1. Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion : To the small quantity of saltis taken in| colour less gas (NH,) with | Ammonium (NH,*)cation adrytest tube afew drops of NaOH | pungent smellis not evolved. is absent solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of | Noppt.is formed. Lead (P6*) cation dil HCI solution is added, is absent 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of | ‘No ppt.is formed. Copper ( Cu") cation dil HCI solution is added and HS gas > is ubotal, is passed. ‘4. Test for Ill Group Cations : To the salt solution NH/,Cisalt and Noppt.is formed. [Aluminium (AP) & Ferg NH,OH solution are added. (Fe?) cations are absent.5| 5 '5. Test for IV Group Cations : E ‘To the salt solution NH ,Clsalt and) Noppt.is formed. Zine (Zi) » Manganese NHOH solution are added, then HS | Catn'*) & Nickel (NF) gas is passed’ . cations are absent. 5 . Test for V Group Cations : R To the salt solution NH CI salt is White ppt. is formed. Barium ( Ba’) or Calefum added, then NOH and (NH,),CO, (Ca?) oF Strontium (Sr) solutions are added. cation may be present Confirmation Tests for Strontium 1. Action of K,Cr0, solution : To the salt solution Pottassium | Yellow ppt.( SrCrO,) is formed.| Strontium ( Sr) cation * chromate solution (K,CrO,) is added.| _Itis soluble in acetic acid. is confirmed. 2, Action of Ammonium sulphate solution :| ‘Tothesalt solution Ammonium White ppt. is formed. Strontium (S¥%) cation sulphate solution is added. Itis sparingly soluble in acetic acid isconfirmed. and highly soluble in di. HCI. | Report: ThegivenCationis : Strontium (Sr) Chloride ( CI") Strontium Chloride | Srct,] RRSANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT - 24 Priliminary Tests = Cw, Fe? & Mn’? 1. Colour 2 White cations may be absent. State z Crystalline Ee poo Tae 3. Flame test (Clean the platinum wire by dipping in|Green flashes colour flames observed) Zp*? or Mn” may be [con.HC1 and heat it on flame upto no present colour appears. Now, prepare the paste lof con.HCI+ salt in watch glass, then introduce this paste by platinum wire loop into the flame. 4, Action of heat t ‘Assmall quantity ofsaltistaken | Waterdropletsare formed onthe | May be Hydrated salt. | g ina dry test tubeand strongly inner walls of test tube. 5 heated. 4 Identification of Anion 4 E| 4. Action of dil tiCl : z ‘Asmall quantity of satis taken Noreaction. Carb c0.*)& 8 inadry test tube and di HCl is ° ls ae oe i ea \dded. ca are absent. 2. Action of Conc.H#,S0,: ‘Asmall quantity of sait is taken ina dry test tube and Cone.H,SO, ons re absent isadded. b) Afterheating no reaction, | Nitrate (NO; ion 3. Action of Cu turnings and Cone.HS0,: (Chloride (C1) & Bromide (2°) To thesmall quantity of saltis| 2(NO-)i taken ina test ube lor » picees Noseactlon, ee ee 7 Vio of Cu turnings and Conc.H,SO, sent are added and then heated. . 4, Action of BaCl, solution : To the salt solution BaCl, White ppt. of ( BaSO,) is formed. | Sulphate (SO;*) ion is solution is added. present Confirmation test for Sulphate ion (Action of Bact, solution : To the salt solution BaCt, Vi aa © sotutonte aided White ppt. of ( BaSO,)is formed. | sujphate($0,2) ionis Solubility : Above ppt. is insoluble ‘confirmed. in Cone.HCt (ramadanIdentification of Cation ia Crna haa 1. Test for Ammonium (NH,*) ion : Tothe small quantity of salts taken in| colour less gas (NH,) with | Ammonium NH; cation adry test tubea few drops of NaOH | pungent smellis not evolved. is absent solution is added and strongly heated. 2. Test for | Group ions : To the salt soh ‘a few drops of No ppt.is formed. ‘Lead ( Pb**) cation dil HCI solution is added. is absent. 3. Test for Il Group Cations : To the salt solution a few drops of | No ppt.is formed. ) Copper ( Cu") cation dil HCI solution is added and H,S gas is absent, is passed. & fest for Ill Group Cations : . i To the salt solution NH Ci salt and| No ppt.is formed. [Atuminiom (4) & Ferro ® NH OH solution are added. Ce") cations are absen. [| . Test for IV Group Cations : | To the salt solution NH,Cisalt and] White ppt. (ZnS) is formed. | zinc (Zn) cation may be NH,OH solution are added, then H,S present. gas is passed. & Confirmation Tests for Zinc 1, Action of N2OH solution : Tothesalt solution Sodium] shite ppt. Zn( OH), is formed.| Zine (Zr Hydroxide solution (NaOH) is added. | Above ppt. is solubl . NaOH solution. eation excess of | isconfirmed. 2, Action of NH,OH solution : To the salt solution NH,OH| White Gelatinous ppt. is formed, solution is added. Above ppt. is soluble in excess of ‘NH OH solution. Report; ThegivenCationis : Zine (Zn*?) The given Anionis : Sulphate (50,7?) Thegivensattis : Zinc Sulphate | Znso,| Pre ae TESAAnalysis of given Organic Compound - 1 SET ME Physical-state Spirit smell, Colour léss Liquid | Maybe Aliphatic alcohol. Ignition test Asmall quantity of given ‘Compound burns with May be Aliphatic Organic ‘organic compound is taken in a Non Sooty flame. compound. spatula and heated. Solubility : ) : £ 5 g i Solvents |Functional group} & H,0 | Ether | NaOH | NaHCO, dil. HCL § Aliphatic Alcohol i + + + - + Identification test : Esterification test: A small quantity of organic compound is taken ina test tube and a few drops of Acetic acid and cone.H,SO, are added and warmed in water bath. lodoform test : A small quantity of organié: compound is taken ina test tube and a few drops of 1% iodine solution and dil.NaOH solution isadded drop wise until the brown colour of iodine is dissappere. ‘Warm gently on water bath Confirmation Test for: Fruity smell Ester is formed. _Aodoform Yellow ppt. is formed. SCORER May be Aliphatic Alcohol (CH,OH ) C,H,OH ) Aliphatic Alcohol (C,H,OH jisconfirmed. 2018 CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL MANUAL 88 Report : Given organic compound is Aliphatic Aleohol ( C,H,0H ) COTA‘Analysis of given Organic Compound - 2 Saenae PESen ae Tees | Physical state : Vinegarsmell, Colourless Liquid | May be Aliphatic acid, Ignition test y Asmall quantity of given | (_ompound burs with May be Aliphatic Organic organic compound is taken ina © Non Sooty flame. ‘compound. spatulaand heated. “$e Solubility: > Solvents Functional group HO | Ether | NaOH | NaHCO, dil. HCl Aliphatic Corboxylic acid. + | + + + : ‘compound is taken in a test tube get pptd. Corboxylic acid and neutral FeCl, solution is (CH,COOH ) added. Og - Confirmation Test for Aliphatic Corboxylic acid ( cH,COOH ) Assmall quantity of organic'|” Fruity smell Ester is formed. |Aliphatic Corboxylic acid compound is taken ina test tube and a few drops of Ethyl Alcohol and cone.H,SO, are added and warmed in water bath, (CH,COOH ) is con- firmed. i Identification test : Neutral Fect, test : Assmall quantity of organic |Brown colour ppt. of Ferric salts are) May be Aliphatic Esterification test : 4 Report: Given organic compound is Aliphatic Corboxylic acid (CH,COOH ) Asa Ea eaeAnalysis of given Organic Compound - 3 Euan Prnaauc (Meas Identification test : Physical state : «Solid May be Aromatic acid. Ignition test Ae | ‘Assmall quantity of given _Z@ompound bums with May be Aromatic Organic organic compoundis taken in Soothy flame. ‘compound, spatula and heated. | | Solubility : e 8 z : Solvents Functional group| = H,0 | Ether | NaOH | Natio, | dit.ttct Aromatic q 6 rs ; ~ | 7 Corboxyite acts. || | i | | Neutral FeCT, test : A small quantity of organic |Brown colour ppt. of Ferric salts are] May be Aromatic compound is taken ina test tube getpptd. . Corboxylic acid and neutral FeCl, solution is co" (C,H,COOH ) added. mS ip Confirmation Test for Aromatic Corboxylic acid (C,u,CooH) Esterification test : Assmall quantity of organi Fruity smell Esters formed. | Aromatic Corboxylic acid ‘compound is taken ina test tube (C,H,COOH) is and a few drops of Ethyl Alcohol ‘confirmed. and cone.H,SO, are added and ‘warmed in water bath, Report + Givenorganic compound is Aromatic Corboxylic acid (C,H,COOH )EEE Physical state Ignition test Assmall quantity of given organic compounds taken in a spatula and heated. ‘Compound bums with Non Sooty flame. IME May beAlchol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Aliphatic acid, May be Aliphatic Organic compound. agent is added. Solubility : Solvents Functional group 4,0 | Ether | NaH | NaHCO, di. HCl Aliphatic +]+ ; > : Aldehyde | 2 > ) E Identification test : Assmalll quantity of organic | Orange colour ppt. is formed. May be Aliphatic compound is taken in a test tube Aldehyde ( CH,CHO ) and few drops of 2.4 - DNP oa solution is added. Test with Schiff’s reagent : Asmall quantity of organic” |-Immediately dark pink colour Aliphatic Aldehyde compound is taken in atest ube solutionis formed. (CH,CHO )isconfirmed, and a few drops of Sehiff'sre 2018 CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL MANUAL on COA nen er Report : Given organic compound is Aliphatic Aldehyde (CH,CHO )ETaene Physical state Ignition test Analysis of given Organic Compound - 5 PSE Liquid with pungent smelt, Meas ‘May be Phenol or Amine. Test with FeCl, solution : ‘Assmall quantity of organic compound is taken in atest tube and Ferric chloride (FeCl,) -solutionis added. Libermann test : L Few drops of NaNO, is added to organic compound. The mixtureis warmed, shaken and} then cooled To thi drops of cone.H,SO ,are added. ‘The mixture is added with lot of coldwater. Tothe above mixture ¢ NaOH isadded. Asmall quantity of given ‘Compound bums with May be Aromatic organic organic compoundis taken in - Sooty flame. compound. spatula and heated. Solubility : | zg ] z Solvents Functional group | & H,0 | Ether | NaOH | NaHCO, dil. HCl Aromatic 4 | ‘Alcohol al - [+ + - : Bigentmoaucs Eldentifcaticntest: 5 Voilet colour solution is formed. Confirmation Test for Aroniatic Alcohol ‘The solution tums into blue colour. May be Aromatic Alcohol ( C,H,0H ) CHOH) Aromatic Alchol (HOH) isconfirmed. ‘Aromatic Alchol (CHOH) isconfirmed. PR eee Report : Given organic compound is Aromatic Alchol (C,H,0H ) i CHAS MeeEuan Physical state Ignition test | A small quantity of given spatula and heated. ISolubllity = organic compound istakenina Analysis of given Organic Compound - 6 Cee Compound bums with Sooty flame. ieee May be Amine or Phenol. May be Aromatic organic compound. dil, HCl and NaNO, are added. Te this solution add few drops of B- napthol which is dissolved in Naol Solution and the solution is cooled. Carby! amine test : To the organic compound alcoholic KOH and chloroform are added and heated. E Solvents Functional group : § HO | Eth NaOH | NaHCO, lil. = te ——- hase Aromatic Amine . + . . + i Identification test : Azo - dye test : Few drops of organic Red colour dye is formed. IMay be Aromatic:Amine compound is keptin ice bath. Then (CHNH,) A foul smell of carbylamine Aromatic Amine is formed. C,H,NH, )is confirmed Report : Given organic compound is Aromatic Amine ( C,H,.NH,) PUREE setae | CasePhysical state Analysis of given Organic Compound - 7 PE Mees May be Alchol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Aliphatic acid and few drops of 2,4 - DNP solution is added, Test with Schif’s reagent : A small quantity of organic (— compound is taken ina test tube and few drops of Schiff's reagent is added, Ignition test Asmall quantity of given ‘Compound bums with May be Arom: organic compounds taken ina Sooty flame, | compound, spatula and heated. pouty : i E Solvents Functional group i HO | Ether | NaoH | NaHCO, diHCl Aromatic ; = z + | Aldehyde 5 5 i Identification test : ~ Assmall quantity of organic Orange colour pp. is formed May be Aromatic compound is taken ina test tube | Aldehyde(C,H,CHO) Confirmation Test for Aromatic Aldehyde (c,#,cHO) Immediately dark pink colour “ solutionis formed, Aromatic Aldehyde (C,H,CHO) is confirmed. Report + Given organic compound is Aromitic Aldehyde (C,,CHO) PORE aS aT CEA?hysical state May be Alchol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Aliphatic acid. gnition test Asmall quantity of given /May be Aliphatic organic ‘organic compoundistakenina -(@ Non Sooty flame. compound, spatula and heated. i Solubility : 8 Solvents Functional group H,O | Ether | NaOH | NaHCO, dil. HCL Aliphatic | + + + : vy Ketone § 3 identification test : Asmall quantity of organic Orange colour ppt. is formed May be Aliphatic compound is taken ina test tube and few drops of 2,4-DNP. solution is added. pst with Schif’s reagent : (| oe Asmall quantity of organic. “2 2 Dark pink colour solution is not Aliphatic Ketone compound istaken in atest tube formed. 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Chemicals: — Glucose, Fructose; Molisch reagent, Benedict's solution conc.H,SO, Procedure : 1. Test with conc. H,SO,: Take small quantity of carbohydrate in a test tube and add few drops of cone.H,SO, solution. a. If the compound undergoes charring in cold condition is glucose is confirmed. ‘ b. If the compound undergoes charring in hot condition is fructose is confirmed: 4 SCORER 2. Molisch test: yy; “Z Few drops of alcoholic alpha- napthol solution is ‘added to 1-2 ml aqueous solution,6f the compound and then cone.H,SO, \dded by keeping the‘test tube in inclined position. A deep violet colour ring is formed between the junction of two layers. w . Benedict's test: To 1-2 ml aqueous solution of carbohydrate in a test tube add 1-2 ml of Benedict's reagent. Keep the test tube in a boiling water bath, Reddish ppt. indicates the presence of reducing sugar. ER ee Oe(LPE Question Bank IID Q:2) Cz * Chemicals: Proteiris.¢om ind (Egg albumin or Soybean or Milk or Puig), gelatin dispersion, NaOH, CuSo,, HNO,, Ninhydrin reagent. Procedure : Ss i. Biuret test: To the dispersion of the substance to be tested (8% solution) and add about 2 ml of NaOH solution. Now add 4-5 { drops of 1% CuSO, solution. Warm the rhixture for about five 5 minutes. Bluish violet coloration indicates the presence of protein. & 2. Xanthoproteic Test: _ Take abort stance dispersion in a test _ tube and add few drops of Gan. HNO, solution. Boil the contents. s the presence of proteins. \ Ayellow ppt. indi co. 3. Ninhydrin Tes! Take about 2ml of substance albumin dispersion ina test tube and add 3-4 drops of Ninhydrin solution. Boil the contents. Intense blue coloration conforms the presence of proteins. Ene cnee Parnes ae nee