Q2W7L2 Reasoning With Geometry Part 1
Q2W7L2 Reasoning With Geometry Part 1
Geometry
Review on
Reasoning
“The only way to learn
mathematics is to do
mathematics”
Things needed for this
❑Mathematics Notebook (Old or New)
❑Pen or Pencil
❑Be Resourceful
❑To be able to illustrates the equivalences of: (a) the statement and its
contrapositive; and (b) the converse and inverse of a statement.
Writing a Proof
Deductive Reasoning
This involves the formulation of statement or conclusion from a logical presentation of facts,
definitions and accepted properties. In geometry, we intend to give proof before we can come up with
a valid conclusion. The most common proof in High School Geometry is two – column proof
1. The given
2. The proposition
3. The statement Column
4. The reason Column
5. The diagram
���� ≅ ���� F
Given Prove:
���� ≅ ���� ∠�� ≅ ∠��
A E
Statements Reasons
1. ���� ≅ ���� 1. Given
2. ���� ≅ ���� 2. Given
3. Draw ���� 3. Line Postulate
4. ���� ≅ ���� 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∆������ ≅ ∆������ 5. Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence
6 ∠�� ≅ ∠�� 6. Corresponding parts of
congruent triangles are congruent
(CPCTC
Prove:
C
∠�� ≅ ∠��
3. Draw ����
4. ���� ≅ ����
5. ∆������ ≅ ∆�����
2. The proposition 6 ∠�� ≅ ∠��
3. The statement Column 4. The reason Column
Statements
1. ���� ≅ ����
2. ���� ≅ ����
1. The given 5. The diagram F
Given
���� ≅ ���� ∠�� ≅ ∠��
���� ≅ ���� A
C
Prove:
E
2.
3.
4.
2. The proposition 5.
3. The statement Column 4. The reason Column
6 ∠�� ≅ ∠��
Statements
1. ���� ≅ ����
∠�� ������
∠�� congruent
angles
∠��, ∠�� ������
∠�� are
angles of Triangle
The given:
4�� − 3 = 2�� + 25
Add or subtract same values on both side Multiply or Divide same values on both side
4�� + 5 = 20
4�� + 5 − 5 = 20
�� = ��
�� + 2 = �� + 2
APE/SPE 5�� = 10 5��
APE/Transpose
10
��= �� �� =
2
MPE/ DPE
Example 2
2
Example 1
3�� = 10 2
��
15
3�� =
��
10
�� MPE
�� �� =
Substitution Property or Reflexive Property of Equality or
Subtitution Reflexive PE
Substituting values to the variables Mirror of values
2�� + �� = 22
Let �� = 5
Example 1 Example 1
2 �� + �� = 22
2=2
Reflexive PE
2�� + �� = 22 Given
�� = 12
Substitution
APE
10 + �� = 22
�� = 22 − 10
then �� = ��
Example 1
�� = 10 ���� 10 = �� 38 = 2�� = 20
2�� = ��
�� = 20
Transitive
5 − 3�� property
Example 1
Given
APE Example 2
�� =
33 = −3�� −11 =
2�� +
MPE
��
�� = 30
�� Transitive
Symmetric 2�� +
Property �� = 30 property
�� = −11
Property
����������:
C
��∠������ + ��∠������ = 180 F
E D
�� 3�� + 20
Statement Reason
��∠������ + ��∠������ =
180
�� + 3�� + 20 = 180
4�� + 20 = 180
4�� = 160
�� = 40
Statement Reason
��∠������ + ��∠������ = Given
180
�� + 3�� + 20 = 180 Substitution
4�� + 20 = 180 APE
4�� = 160 APE
�� = 40 MPE
����������:
3(�� + 4) 3��
���� = 21 X z Y
Statement Reason
���� + ���� = ����
3 �� + 4 + 3�� = 42
3�� + 12 + 3�� = 42
6�� + 12 = 42
6�� = 30
�� = 5
����������:
3(�� + 4) 3��
���� = 21 X Y Y
Statement Reason
���� + ���� = ���� Given
3 �� + 4 + 3�� = 42 Substitution
3�� + 12 + 3�� = 42 MPE
6�� + 12 = 42 APE
6�� = 30 APE
�� = 5 MPE
Properties of Congruence ≅
Property Example
Point C is on the crease when you fold ���� onto ����. Give the reason that justifies each step.
�������������� C
∠������
����������: A
4�� + 19
���� 6�� + 1
B D
Statement Reason
���� �������������� Given
∠������
��∠������ ≅ ��∠������ Definition of Angle Bisector
6�� + 1 = 4�� + 19 Substitution
2�� + 18 APE
�� = 9 MPE
Postulates and
Theorems Relating to
Points, Lines and
Planes
A Definition is a statement of meaning of a word, or term, or phrase which made use of previously
defined terms
Ex. Definition of Midpoint
A corollary to a theorem is a theorem that follows easily from a previously proved theorem.
Some Definitions in Geometry: statement part
If
then reason
complementary
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90 Definition of
3. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = ��∠������ Angle additio
New If
Statement
1. m∠1 ������ ��∠2 are
New then new reason
Statement Reason
Write here the If part
Write here the then part Write here the
Def/Postulate/Properties or
theorem used for if-then part.
��
Prove: PM=MQ ��
��
��
Statement Reason
1. PQ is Bisected at point M
2. Def. of Bisector
3.
��
Prove: PM=MQ ��
��
��
2. ���� ≅ ���� Def. of B
3. ���� = ���� Def. of C
1. PQ is Bisected at point M
�� ��
Statement Reason
1. Given
2. ��∠�� = 90
3. ��∠�� = ��∠��
4.
�� ��
Statement Reason
1. ��∠��=90 , Given
��∠�� ���� ������ℎ��
����������
2. ��∠�� = 90 Def. of right angle
3. ��∠�� = ��∠�� Transitive Property
4. ∠�� = ∠�� Def of congruent Angles
Given: ��∠1 ������ ��∠2 are complementary
Prove: ���� ⊥ ����
1
2
Statement Reason
1. Given
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90
If
then reason
complementary
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90 Definition of
3. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = ��∠������ Angle additio
New If
Statement
1. m∠1 ������ ��∠2 are
New then new reason
Statement Reason
Write here the If part
Write here the then part Write here the
Def/Postulate/Properties or
theorem used for if-then part.
What should be written in statement part What should be written in Reason part
Then ��∠�� = ��∠�� Vertical Angle Theorem If ∠�� and ∠�� are linear pair
Then ��∠�� + ��∠�� = 180 Linear Pair Theorem If ∠�� , ∠�� ������ ∠�� are
interior angles of Triangle ABC
Then ��∠�� + ��∠�� + ��∠�� = 180 Triangle Sum Theorem If line BD bisect angle
ABC of triangle ABC then ����
����
����=
���� Angle Bisector Theorem
If in Right Triangle ABC sides are a,b and c,
2 2 2
then �� + �� = �� Pythagorean theorem