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Q2W7L2 Reasoning With Geometry Part 1

This document provides a review on reasoning in geometry. It discusses the key concepts needed, including basic algebra skills and geometry statements. The objectives are to understand if-then statements, their inverses, converses, and contrapositives. It also covers two-column proofs and uses examples to explain properties of equality like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, reflexive, symmetric, and transitive properties. Guidelines are provided on writing proofs using deductive reasoning with statements and reasons.

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joanna reign
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views

Q2W7L2 Reasoning With Geometry Part 1

This document provides a review on reasoning in geometry. It discusses the key concepts needed, including basic algebra skills and geometry statements. The objectives are to understand if-then statements, their inverses, converses, and contrapositives. It also covers two-column proofs and uses examples to explain properties of equality like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, reflexive, symmetric, and transitive properties. Guidelines are provided on writing proofs using deductive reasoning with statements and reasons.

Uploaded by

joanna reign
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

Q2 .

Geometry
Review on
Reasoning
“The only way to learn
mathematics is to do
mathematics”
Things needed for this
❑Mathematics Notebook (Old or New)
❑Pen or Pencil

❑Calculator or Smartphone (if you want)

❑Be Resourceful

❑Ask for guidance if needed

❑Collaborate with your classmates and teacher (Chat)

Pre-requisite skills needed

❑Know Basic Algebra Skills


❑Know Geometry Statement
Objectives
❑To be able to determines the relationship between the hypothesis and the
conclusion of an if-then statement.

❑To be able to transforms a statement into an equivalent if-then statement.

❑To be able to determines the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of an if-then


statement.

❑To be able to illustrates the equivalences of: (a) the statement and its
contrapositive; and (b) the converse and inverse of a statement.
Writing a Proof
Deductive Reasoning
This involves the formulation of statement or conclusion from a logical presentation of facts,
definitions and accepted properties. In geometry, we intend to give proof before we can come up with
a valid conclusion. The most common proof in High School Geometry is two – column proof

1. The given
2. The proposition
3. The statement Column
4. The reason Column
5. The diagram
���� ≅ ���� F
Given Prove:
���� ≅ ���� ∠�� ≅ ∠��
A E

Statements Reasons
1. ���� ≅ ���� 1. Given
2. ���� ≅ ���� 2. Given
3. Draw ���� 3. Line Postulate
4. ���� ≅ ���� 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∆������ ≅ ∆������ 5. Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence
6 ∠�� ≅ ∠�� 6. Corresponding parts of
congruent triangles are congruent
(CPCTC

1. The given 5. The diagram F


Given
���� ≅ ���� A E
���� ≅ ����

Prove:
C
∠�� ≅ ∠��
3. Draw ����
4. ���� ≅ ����
5. ∆������ ≅ ∆�����
2. The proposition 6 ∠�� ≅ ∠��
3. The statement Column 4. The reason Column
Statements
1. ���� ≅ ����
2. ���� ≅ ����
1. The given 5. The diagram F
Given
���� ≅ ���� ∠�� ≅ ∠��
���� ≅ ���� A
C
Prove:
E
2.
3.
4.
2. The proposition 5.
3. The statement Column 4. The reason Column
6 ∠�� ≅ ∠��
Statements
1. ���� ≅ ����

Given Conclusion Reason

∠�� is a right angle

∠�� ������
∠�� congruent
angles
∠��, ∠�� ������
∠�� are
angles of Triangle

The given:
4�� − 3 = 2�� + 25

Solve for ��:


Statements Reasons

4�� − 3 = 2�� + 25 Given

4�� − 2�� = 25 + 3 Transpose or APE


2�� = 28
�� = 14 Divide both side by 2 or MPE
Guide #1 on
Proving
Properties of Equality
Property Example

Addition Property of Equality or APE If �� = �� and �� = ��, then �� + �� =


Subtraction Property of Equality or �� + ��
SPE If �� = �� and �� = ��, then �� − �� =
�� − ��
Multiplication Property of Equality or If �� = ��, then �� ∙ �� = �� ∙ ��
MPE Division Property of Equality or If �� = ��, then ��/�� = ��/��
DPE
Substitution Property or Substitution If �� = ��, then either �� ���� �� be
substituted for the other any equality or
inequality
Reflexive Property of Equality or Reflexive PE �� = ��

Symmetric Property of Equality or If �� = �� then �� = ��


Symmetric PE
Transitive Property of Equality or If �� = �� and �� = �� then �� = ��
Transitive PE

Addition Property of Equality or APE Multiplication Property of Equality or MPE

Add or subtract same values on both side Multiply or Divide same values on both side

Example 1 Example 2 − 5 4�� = 15

4�� + 5 = 20
4�� + 5 − 5 = 20
�� = ��
�� + 2 = �� + 2
APE/SPE 5�� = 10 5��
APE/Transpose
10
��= �� �� =
2
MPE/ DPE
Example 2
2
Example 1
3�� = 10 2

��
15
3�� =
��
10
�� MPE
�� �� =
Substitution Property or Reflexive Property of Equality or
Subtitution Reflexive PE
Substituting values to the variables Mirror of values
2�� + �� = 22
Let �� = 5
Example 1 Example 1
2 �� + �� = 22
2=2
Reflexive PE
2�� + �� = 22 Given
�� = 12
Substitution

APE

10 + �� = 22
�� = 22 − 10

Symmetric Property of Equality or Symmetric Transitive Property of Equality or Transitive If �� = ��

then �� = ��

Example 1
�� = 10 ���� 10 = �� 38 = 2�� = 20
2�� = ��

�� = 20
Transitive
5 − 3�� property
Example 1
Given

APE Example 2
�� =
33 = −3�� −11 =
2�� +
MPE
��
�� = 30
�� Transitive
Symmetric 2�� +
Property �� = 30 property
�� = −11

Property

Addition Property of Equality or APE


Multiplication Property of Equality or
MPE Distribution
Substitution Property or Substitution

Reflexive Property of Equality or RPE

Symmetric Property of Equality or SyPE

Transitive Property of Equality or TPE


NAME: CLASS
NUMBER, SURNAME
Exercise 1

����������:
C
��∠������ + ��∠������ = 180 F
E D

�� 3�� + 20

Statement Reason
��∠������ + ��∠������ =
180
�� + 3�� + 20 = 180
4�� + 20 = 180
4�� = 160
�� = 40

��∠������ + ��∠������ = 180


E
����������:
C
F
�� 3�� + 20 D

Statement Reason
��∠������ + ��∠������ = Given
180
�� + 3�� + 20 = 180 Substitution
4�� + 20 = 180 APE
4�� = 160 APE
�� = 40 MPE

����������:

3(�� + 4) 3��

���� = 21 X z Y
Statement Reason
���� + ���� = ����
3 �� + 4 + 3�� = 42
3�� + 12 + 3�� = 42

6�� + 12 = 42
6�� = 30

�� = 5

����������:

3(�� + 4) 3��

���� = 21 X Y Y
Statement Reason
���� + ���� = ���� Given
3 �� + 4 + 3�� = 42 Substitution
3�� + 12 + 3�� = 42 MPE
6�� + 12 = 42 APE
6�� = 30 APE
�� = 5 MPE

Properties of Congruence ≅
Property Example

Reflexive Property of Congruence ���� ≅ ����,


or Reflexive PC ∠�� ≅ ∠��

Symmetric Property of Congruence If ���� ≅ ����, then ���� ≅ ����


or Symmetric PC

Transitive Property of Congruence If ���� ≅ ����,


or Transitive PC and ���� ≅ ����,
then ���� ≅ ����
Point C is on the crease when you fold ���� onto ����. Give the reason that justifies each step.
∠������
���� A
����������: ��������������
6�� + 1
C
4�� + 19
B D
Statement Reason
���� ��������������
∠������
��∠������ ≅ ��∠������ Definition of Angle Bisector
6�� + 1 = 4�� + 19
2�� + 18
�� = 9

Point C is on the crease when you fold ���� onto ����. Give the reason that justifies each step.
�������������� C
∠������
����������: A
4�� + 19
���� 6�� + 1
B D
Statement Reason
���� �������������� Given
∠������
��∠������ ≅ ��∠������ Definition of Angle Bisector
6�� + 1 = 4�� + 19 Substitution
2�� + 18 APE
�� = 9 MPE

Postulates and
Theorems Relating to
Points, Lines and
Planes
A Definition is a statement of meaning of a word, or term, or phrase which made use of previously
defined terms
Ex. Definition of Midpoint

A postulate is a statement which is accepted as true without proof.


Ex. Angle Addition Postulate

A theorem is any statement that can be proven true.


Ex. Angle Bisector Theorem

A corollary to a theorem is a theorem that follows easily from a previously proved theorem.
Some Definitions in Geometry: statement part

What should be written in 1. ���� + ���� = ����


statement part
2. �� ���� ��ℎ��
���������������� ���� ���� 1. If B lies on the line of AC
���� = ���� then ���� + ���� = ����
2. If �� ���� ��ℎ��
3. ���� ������������ ���� ���������������� ���� ����
���� ��
then ���� = ����
���� ≅ ����
3. If ���� ������������ ����
4. ∠�� is right angle ���� ��
��∠�� = 90
then ���� ≅ ����
5. ∠�� is acute angle
��∠�� < 90 4. If ∠�� is right angle
6. ∠�� is obtuse angle then ��∠�� = 90
��∠�� > 90 5. If∠�� is acute angle
7. ���� ⊥ ���� then ��∠�� < 90
∠������ is a right angle 6. If ∠�� is obtuse angle
then ��∠�� > 90

What should be written in Reason part 7.If ���� ⊥ ����


Some Definitions in Geometry: then ∠������ is a right angle

What should be written in


What should be written in Reason part
Def. of Betweenness 8. ∠�� and ∠�� are complementary ∠��
��∠�� + ��∠�� = 90
Def. of Midpoints 9. ∠�� and ∠�� are supplementary ∠��
��∠�� + ��∠�� = 180

Def. of Segment Bisector 10. If PQ and PR are opposite rays and PT


is a any other ray,
∠������ ������ ∠������ form a
Def. of Right Angle linear pair
11. ���� ���� ������������
Def. of Acute angle ∠������
∠������ ≅ ∠������
Def. of Obtuse Angle 5. If ���� ≅ ���� then ���� = ����

6. If ∠�� ≅ ∠�� then m∠�� = ��∠�� or


Def. of Perpendicular
Ifm∠�� = ��∠�� then∠�� ≅ ∠��
Some Definitions in Geometry:

What should be written in


What should be written in Reason part
statement part
Some Definitions in Geometry:
What should be written in statement part What should be written in
Reason part
8. If ∠�� and ∠�� are complementary ∠��

then ��∠�� + ��∠�� = 90 Def. of Complementary Angles


9. if ∠�� and ∠�� are supplementary ∠��

then ��∠�� + ��∠�� = 180 Def. of Supplementary Angles 10. If PQ

and PR are opposite rays and PT is a


any other ray, ������������ ∠������
then∠������ ������ Def. of Segment Bisector
∠������ form a linear pair 11.
���� ����

then ∠������ ≅ ∠������ Def. of Angle Bisector 12. If


���� ≅ ����

then ���� = ���� Def. of Congruent Segments 13. If ∠�� ≅ ∠��


then m∠�� = ��∠�� or If
Def. of Congruent Angles
m∠�� = ��∠��
then∠�� ≅ ∠��
How to answer the Proof table
Statement Reason
1. m∠1 ������ ��∠2 are Given
complementary
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90 Definition of complementary angles

If
then reason
complementary
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90 Definition of
3. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = ��∠������ Angle additio
New If
Statement
1. m∠1 ������ ��∠2 are
New then new reason
Statement Reason
Write here the If part
Write here the then part Write here the
Def/Postulate/Properties or
theorem used for if-then part.

��

Given: PQ is bisected at point ��


M

Prove: PM=MQ ��
��
��

Statement Reason
1. PQ is Bisected at point M

2. Def. of Bisector
3.
��

Given: PQ is bisected at point ��


M

Prove: PM=MQ ��
��
��
2. ���� ≅ ���� Def. of B
3. ���� = ���� Def. of C

You can look at properties, definitions,


If (1) then (2) postulates and theorems to know what must be
Statement written here

1. PQ is Bisected at point M

Given: ��∠��=90 , . ��∠�� ���� ������ℎ�� ����������


Prove: ∠�� = ∠��

�� ��

Statement Reason
1. Given
2. ��∠�� = 90
3. ��∠�� = ��∠��

4.

Given: ��∠��=90 , . ��∠�� ���� ������ℎ�� ����������


Prove: ∠�� = ∠��

�� ��

Statement Reason
1. ��∠��=90 , Given
��∠�� ���� ������ℎ��
����������
2. ��∠�� = 90 Def. of right angle
3. ��∠�� = ��∠�� Transitive Property
4. ∠�� = ∠�� Def of congruent Angles
Given: ��∠1 ������ ��∠2 are complementary
Prove: ���� ⊥ ����
1
2

Statement Reason
1. Given
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90

3. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = ��∠������


4. ��∠������ = 90
5.

Given: ��∠1 ������ ��∠2 are complementary


Prove: ���� ⊥ ����
1
2
Statement Reason
1. ��∠1 ������ ��∠2 are Given
complementary
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90 Def. of complementary angle
3. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = ��∠������ Angle Addition Postulate
4. ��∠������ = 90 Transitive Property
5. ���� ⊥ ���� Def. of Perpendicular

How to answer the Proof table


Statement Reason
1. m∠1 ������ ��∠2 are Given
complementary
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90 Definition of complementary angles

If
then reason
complementary
2. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = 90 Definition of
3. ��∠1 + ��∠2 = ��∠������ Angle additio
New If
Statement
1. m∠1 ������ ��∠2 are
New then new reason
Statement Reason
Write here the If part
Write here the then part Write here the
Def/Postulate/Properties or
theorem used for if-then part.

Some Definitions in Postulates:


What should be written in statement

part What should be written in Reason part


If T is in the interior of = ��∠������ +
∠������, Then m∠������ ��∠������
If �� lies on the �������� Addition Postulate
����
then ���� + ���� = ����
Angle Addition Postulate Line

Some Definitions in Theorems:

What should be written in statement part What should be written in Reason part

If ∠�� ������ ∠�� ������ vertical angle

Then ��∠�� = ��∠�� Vertical Angle Theorem If ∠�� and ∠�� are linear pair

Then ��∠�� + ��∠�� = 180 Linear Pair Theorem If ∠�� , ∠�� ������ ∠�� are
interior angles of Triangle ABC

Then ��∠�� + ��∠�� + ��∠�� = 180 Triangle Sum Theorem If line BD bisect angle
ABC of triangle ABC then ����
����
����=
���� Angle Bisector Theorem
If in Right Triangle ABC sides are a,b and c,
2 2 2
then �� + �� = �� Pythagorean theorem

You can use :


Geogebra App
HTTPS://WWW.GEOGEBRA.ORG/?LANG=EN
“The only way to learn
mathematics is to do
mathematics”
References Thank you!
Intro to proofs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJDOyS4SrWA Segment
Proofs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLHGVOTaU9E Angle Proofs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BkYSZ5fTaI Two Column Proof
Practice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BkYSZ5fTaI Writing Proofs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WgwKVQ7OlQk Two Colum Example:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWotCbyBcgA

Please pass all your missing


requirements. Google
Classroom and I will generate
every Saturday

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