PART 2:

HYDRAULICS and
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Question:
The point which flow occurs around a body, part
of it will go to one side and part of the other side.
The stream line that follows the flow division (that
divides on the upstream side of the body and join
again on the downstream side is called dividing
streamline). Also at the point of division the
velocity will be zero.
Answer:

Stagnation point
Question:

An instrument to measure the density of

oils.
Answer:

Acrometer
Question:

Also known as Bend meter or

Bendometer. A calibrated bend or elbow
with suitable upstream and downstream
straight lengths for measurement of
flows.
Answer:

Bentometer
Question:

A space that has a pressure less than

atmospheric pressure.
Answer:

Vacuum
Question:

An instrument which is used for measuring

the discharge through pipes which consists
of a short converging tube connected to the
approach pipe at the inlet and ending in a
cylindrical section called the throat.
Answer:

Venturi meter
Question:

The ratio of the change in unit pressure

to the corresponding volume change per
unit volume.
Answer:

Bulk modulus of elasticity

Question:

The speed of efflux is equal to the speed

of force fall from the surface of reservoir.
Answer:

Torricellis Theorem
Question:

A barometer with no liquid; used for

measuring the pressure of the
atmosphere.
Answer:

Aneroid Barometer
Question:

A re-entrant tube consisting of a thin tube

projecting into the reservoir about one
diameter which uses the principle of
pressure momentum theory which states
that force equals the rate of change of
momentum.
Answer:

Bordas mouth piece

Question:

Term for impermeability factor.

Answer:

Coefficient of imperviousness
Question:

A reservoir at the end of a pipeline,

particularly above a hydroelectric power
station.
Answer:

Forebay
Question:

The force per unit length that "imaginary

film" formed on the surface of a liquid due
to the intermolecular attraction is capable
of exerting.
Answer:

Surface tension
Question:

A branch of hydraulics which deals with

the study of forces (including velocity and
acceleration) exerted by or upon liquids
in motion.
Answer:

Hydrodynamics
Question:

A shear test or triaxial compression test,

applied to a specimen of cohesive soil
after completed consolidation under
normal load, carried out in drained
conditions slowly enough to allow further
consolidation due to shear during the
test.
Answer:

Drained shear test, slow test

Question:

An over flow structure built across an

open channel for the purpose of
measuring the flow.
Answer:

Weir
Question:

A semi liquid mass removed from the

liquid flow sewage and subjected to
aeration and aerobic microbial action; the
end product is dark to golden brown,
partially decomposed, granular and
flocculent and has an earth odor when
fresh.
Answer:

Activated sludge
Question:

A contracted sharp-crested measuring

weir, in which each side of the notch has
a slope of 1 horizontal to 4 vertical, to
compensate for end contractions; named
after Cesare Cipolletti, an Italian
engineer.
Answer:

Cipolletti (weir also known as Trapezoidal

weir)
Question:

A fluid property which refers to the

attractive force between its molecules
and any solid substance with which they
are in contact.
Answer:

Adhesion
Question:

A device for measuring the proportion of

the total volume of the soil which is
occupied by air.
Answer:

Air Picnometer
Question:

An instrument designed by Bentzel for

measuring velocity of fluids.
Answer:

Bentzel tube
Question:

The imaginary average velocity of flow

through the total (voids and solids) area
of soil under a hydraulic gradient of 1.
Answer:

Coefficient of permeability
Question:

A concrete, steel or fiberglass tank in

which sewage effluent is brought into
contact with dissolved oxygen and flocs
in the activated-sludge process.
Answer:

Aeration tank
Question:

The property of a fluid which determines

the amount of its resistance to a shearing
force.
Answer:

Viscosity
Question:

An instrument to ascertain the weight or

density of air or other gases.
Answer:

Aerometer
Question:

A fluid property which refers to the

intermolecular attraction by which the
separate particles of the fluid are held
together.
Answer:

Cohesion
Question:

A self-recording instrument used on

aircraft for simultaneous recording of
atmospheric temperature and humidity.
Answer:

Aerometeorograph
Question:

A device used for measuring atmospheric

pressure.
Answer:

Barometer
Question:

Neglecting friction, the total head, or the

total amount of energy per unit of weight
is the same at every point in the path of
flow.
Answer:

Bernoulli’s energy theorem

Question:

A branch of science which deals with the

study of water and other fluids that are at
rest or in motion.
Answer:

Fluid mechanics
Question:

The ratio of the tail water elevation to the

head water elevation, when both are
higher than the crest, the overflow crest
of the structure being the datum of
reference.
Answer:

Drawing ratio
Question:

Type of flow when the paths of individual

particles do not cross or intersect.
Answer:

Laminar
Question:

The pressure at which a liquid will boil.

Answer:

Vapor pressure
Question:

A tube with square-cornered entrance

and a length about 2 1/2 times its
diameter.
Answer:

Standard short tube

Question:

A converging tube attached to the end of

a pipe or hose which serves to increase
the velocity of the issuing jet.
Answer:

Nozzle
Question:

A closed conduit through which liquid or

gases flow.
Answer:

Pipe
Question:

Fluids which undergo a proportionality of

shear stress to the rate of shear strain
holds.
Answer:

Newtonian Fluids
Question:

In an open channel, a ratio which should

be the same for the model analysis as in
the full size project. It is the velocity
squared divided by depth times the
acceleration of gravity.
Answer:

Froude number
Question:

The pressure or force exerted by soil on

any boundary.
Answer:

Earth pressure
Question:

The ratio of the cross sectional area of

the jet at the vena contracta to the area
of the orifice.
Answer:

Coefficient of contraction
Question:

Soil formed from wind transported soil

material.
Answer:

Aeolian soil
Question:

The property of a fluid which determines

the amount of its resistance to a shearing
stress.
Answer:

Dynamic viscosity
Question:

An open channel constructed of steel,

reinforced concrete, or wood and used to
convey water to be utilized for power, to
transport logs, and so on.
Answer:

Flume
Question:

A sewer connecting individual drains

which formerly went direct to a river or
the sea. It takes their flows to the sewage
treatment plant.
Answer:

Interceptor
Question:

A device for measuring fluid pressure

which consists of a bent tube containing
one or more liquids of different specific
gravity.
Answer:

Manometer
Question:

Deals with liquids that are in motion with

respect to both to the earth and to their
containers.
Answer:

Hydrokinetics
Question:
A phenomenon where the flow is super
critical in an upstream section of a channel
and is then forced to become sub critical in a
downstream section (the change in depth
can be forced by a sill in the downstream
part of the channel or just be the prevailing
depth in the stream further downstream) a
rather abrupt change in depth usually
occurs.
Answer:

Hydraulic jump
Question:

A law, complementary to Charles’ Law

defining the behavior of a perfect gas at
constant volume. The law states that if
the volume of a given mass of a perfect
gas be kept constant, then its absolute
pressure will vary in direct proportion to
temperature.
Answer:

Gay Lussac’s Law

Question:

The branch of mechanics which deals

with the laws governing the behavior of
water and other liquids in the states of
rest and motion.
Answer:

Hydraulics
Question:

The ability of a mass to do work by virtue

of its velocity.
Answer:

Kinetic energy
Question:

The ratio of mass per unit volume.

Answer:

Mass density of a body

Question:

A branch of hydraulics which deals on the

study of fluids at rest.
Answer:

Hydrostatics
Question:

A fixed dam for diverting stream water

away from its course.
Answer:

Diversion dam
Question:

Lowering of a water level.

Answer:

Drawdown
Question:

The product of the coefficient of velocity

by the coefficient of contraction.
Answer:

Coefficient of discharge
Question:

Rate of discharge of water through a

porous medium per unit of total area
perpendicular to the direction of flow.
Answer:

Discharge velocity
Question:

A device for measuring fluid pressure by

determining the height to which liquid
rises.
Answer:

Piezometer
Question:

The ratio of inertial forces to viscous

forces.
Answer:

Reynolds No.
Question:

Ratio of weight of substance to the

weight of equal volume of water.
Answer:

Specific gravity
Question:

Fluid for which the shear stress is directly

proportional to the rate of strain.
Answer:

Newtonian fluids
Question:

The pressure intensity at a point is of

equal magnitude in all direction, this
principle.
Answer:

Pascal’s Law
Question:

An opening with a closed perimeter

through which a fluid flows.
Answer:

Orifice
Question:

Any body immersed in a fluid is subjected

to a buoyant for equal to the weight of
displaced liquid.
Answer:

Principle of Archimedes
Question:

A conduit in which a liquid flows with a

free surface.
Answer:

Open channel
Question:

The tangent of the angle Ø, the angle of

internal friction.
Answer:

Coefficient of internal friction

Question:

Also known as Secondary canals which

take off from the main canals or branches
and supply water to minors and outlets or
turnouts.
Answer:

Distributaries
Question:

The ratio of the actual mean velocity of

jet to the velocity which would exist
without friction.
Answer:

Coefficient of velocity
Question:

The weight of dry material in unit volume

of a soil sample after drying at 105°C.
Answer:

Dry density
Question:

The study of fluid problems in which there

is no relative motion between fluid
elements and thus no velocity gradients
and no shear stress to exist.
Answer:

Fluid statics
Question:

The design and manufacturing of

pumping plant, reservoir valves,
penstocks, pipelines and so on.
Answer:

Hydraulic engineering
Question:

The three forms of energy which must be

considered in connection with flow of
liquids.
Answer:

Kinetic energy, Elevation energy, Pressure

energy
Question:

Deals with liquids that are in motion with

respect to both to the earth and to their
containers.
Answer:

Hydrokinetics
Question:

Pressure caused by a head of water.

Answer:

Hydrostatic pressure
Question:

A branch of civil engineering dealing with

highway planning, location, design and
maintenance.
Answer:

Highway engineering
Question:

The ratio of absolute viscosity to the

mass density.
Answer:

Coefficient of Kinematic viscosity

Question:

The ratio between the grain diameter

which is larger than 60% by weight of the
particles in a soil sample, to that
diameter, the effective size, which is
larger than 10% by weight of the
particles. It is more briefly expressed as
𝐷60 /𝐷10 .
Answer:

Coefficient of uniformity, modulus of

uniformity
Question #1:
It is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance:
a) weight density
b) mass density
c) relative density
d) mass diagram
Answer:

b) mass density
Question #2:
“At any point in a fluid at rest the pressure is the same in
all directions”. This law is known as:
a) Archimedes Law
b) Bernoulli Law
c) Boyle’s Law
d) Pascal’s Law
Answer:

d) Pascal’s Law
Question #3:
The pressure measured by means or gages above or
below the atmospheric level is called:
a) atmospheric pressure
b) vapor pressure
c) absolute pressure
d) vapor pressure
Answer:

c) Absolute pressure
Question #4:
The pressure measure above the absolute zero is called:
a) atmospheric pressure
b) gage pressure
c) absolute pressure
d) vapor pressure
Answer:

d) Vapor pressure
Question #5:
A pressure measuring technique by means of tubes
usually shaped in the form of U’s and utilizing the
principles of hydrostatic is known as:
a) planimetry
b) barometry
c) manometry
d) bathemetry
Answer:

b) barometry
Question #6:
A type of manometer which is used for measuring gage
pressure with the use of gage liquid. This type contains
an atmospheric level.
a) differential type
b) open type
c) closed type
d) none of these
Answer:

b) Open type
Question #7:
A manometer used for measuring the difference in
pressure between two points and does not have an
atmospheric level.
a) differential manometer
b) open manometer
c) closed manometer
d) none of these
Answer:

a) Differential manometer
Question #8:
The centroid of the submerged surface coincides with the
center of pressure if:
a) the surface is vertical
b) surface is inclined 45°
c) the surface is horizontal
d) none of these
Answer:

c) the surface is horizontal

Question #9:
When the center of gravity of a floating body is farther
than the metacenter when referred to the center of
buoyancy (considering that the center of gravity is above
the center of buoyancy), the floating body is in:
a) unstable equilibrium
b) static equilibrium
c) stable equilibrium
d) neutral equilibrium
Answer:

a) unstable equilibrium
Question #10:
The horizontal component of the hydrostatic force acting
on the curved surface is equal to the:
a) hydrostatic force acting on the horizontal
projection of the curved surface.
b) hydrostatic force acting on the cross-section of
the curved surface.
c) hydrostatic force acting on the vertical
projection of the curved surface.
d) none of these
Answer:

c) hydrostatic force acting on the vertical

projection of the curved surface
Question #11:
The most efficient section for an open channel is:
a) rectangular section
b) semi-circular section
c) circular section
d) triangular section
Answer:

b) semi-circular section
Question #12:
“Anybody submerged in a fluid is acted upon by and
unbalanced force (buoyant force) which is equal to the
weight of the displaced fluid”. This principle is known as:
a) Bernoulli Principle
b) Archimedes Principle
c) Principles of Hydrodynamics
d) Energy Principle
Answer:

b) Archimedes Principle
Question #13:
The metacentric height of a floating body is the distance
from the metacenter to the:
a) center of buoyancy
b) center of pressure
c) center of gravity
d) center of attraction
Answer:

c) center of gravity
Question #14:
In a system of pipes in parallel, the:
a) head losses are equal
b) velocities are equal
c) discharged are equal
d) diameters are equal
Answer:

a) head losses are equal

Question #15:
The buoyant force, BF, which is equal to the weight of the
displaced fluid is acting at the:
a) center of gravity of the body
b) center of pressure
c) bottom of the body
d) centroid of the displaced volume of fluid
Answer:

d) centroid of the displaced volume of fluid

Question #16:
A floating body is said to be stable when the metacenter
is:
a) below the center of gravity
b) at the mid-point of the body
c) above the center of gravity
d) at the bottom of the floating body
Answer:

c) above the center of gravity

Question #17:
The use of Angat Dam (in Bulacan) is Multi-purpose in
nature and in case of extreme energy during periods of
long drought, the priority use of water will be:
a) irrigation use
b) power use
c) recreation use
d) water supply use
Answer:

d) water supply use

Question #18:
Deep groundwater deposits where underground water
are available for water supply and irrigation is known as:
a) water table
b) water wells
c) aquifers
d) saturated zone
Answer:

c) aquifers
Question #19:
The distribution of discharge from all runoff sources
plotted as a function of time results to a graph which is
known as:
a) mass curve
b) hydrograph
c) flood routing
d) hydrologic cycle
Answer:

a) mass curve
Question #20:
In a horizontal uniform circular pipe, the head loss
between any two flow section is a direct measure of:
a) the difference in pressure heads
b) the difference in the velocity heads
c) difference in the elevation heads
d) difference in the total heads
Answer:

a) the difference in pressure heads

and
c) difference in elevation heads
Question #21:
In a system of pipes in series, the:
a) head losses are equal
b) flows are equal
c) velocities are equal
d) friction coefficients are equal
Answer:

b) flows are equal

Question #22:
In fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent
layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross,
the flow is said to be:
a) laminar
b) turbulent
c) critical
d) dynamic
Answer:

a) laminar
Question #23:
The headloss in a nozzle is usually expressed
in terms of :
a) the coefficient of discharge and pressure head
b) the coefficient of velocity and velocity head
c) the coefficient of contraction and velocity head
d) the coefficient of discharge and velocity head
Answer:

b) the coefficient of velocity and velocity head

Question #24:
The locus of the elevation to which water will rise in a
piezometer tube is termed as:
a) the stagnation pressure
b) the energy gradient
c) the hydraulic gradient
d) friction head
Answer:

c) the hydraulic gradient

Question #25:
Cavitation is the result of:
a) static pressure in the fluid becoming less than
fluid vapor pressure
b) rivets under impact load
c) exposure of concrete to salt water
d) heat treatment of a low carbon steel
Answer:

a) static pressure in the fluid becoming less

than fluid vapor pressure
Question #26:
A condition of flow characterized when fluid particles
move in very irregular paths, causing an exchange of
momentum from one portion of the fluid to another is:
a) uniform flow
b) non-uniform flow
c) laminar flow
d) turbulent flow
Answer:

d) turbulent flow
Question #27:
The difference between the hydraulic grade line and
energy grade line is:
a) the pressure head
b) the velocity head
c) constant
d) the same
Answer:

b) the velocity head

Question #28:
It is an overflow structure built across an open channel
for the purpose of measuring or controlling the flow.
a) orifice meter
b) venture meter
c) current meter
d) weir
Answer:

d) weir
Question #29:
“The theoretical velocity of a jet of liquid issuing out of an
orifice under the head of h being equal to the velocity of a
free falling body dropping through a height of h” is known
as the:
a) Bernoulli Law
b) Newton Law
c) Torricelli Law
d) Reynolds Law
Answer:

c) Torricelli Law
Question #30:
In a Pitot tube, the point of stagnation is the point where:
a) the pressure is zero
b) the velocity is zero
c) the pressure is negative
d) the velocity is a maximum
Answer:

b) the velocity is zero

Question #31:
In a Venturi Meter, the section with the smallest pressure
is:
a) base of inlet
b) the throat
c) base of outlet
d) none of these
Answer:

b) the throat
Question #32:
The vena contracta of a sharp-edged hydraulic orifice
usually occurs:
a) at the geometric center of the orifice.
b) at a distance of 0.1D upstream from the plane of
the orifice.
c) at a distance of 0.5D downstream from the plane
of the orifice
d) at a distance of 2D downstream from the plane of
the orifice
Answer:

c) at a distance of 0.5D downstream from the

plane of the orifice
Question #33:
A type of open channel flow where the Froude Number is
equal to 1:
a) critical flow
b) steady flow
c) non-uniform flow
d) laminar flow
Answer:

a) critical flow
Question #34:
A jump is possible to occur in an open channel when the
flow is super critical, that is when the Froude Number is:
a) zero
b) unity
c) less than 1
d) greater than 1
Answer:

d) greater than 1
Question #35:
The length of the apron of a dam’s spillway can be
minimized by necessitating the jump to be localized
through the absorption of the excess energy in the flow
and construction of:
a) sluice gates
b) pressure transducers
c) conveyors
d) energy dissipaters
Answer:

d) energy dissipaters
Question #36:
In the construction of sewer pipes, attempts should be
made to follow the slope of the ground surface with the
slope of the sewer. This will tend to:
a) minimize infiltration
b) minimize clogging
c) minimize required excavation depth
d) none of these
Answer:

c) minimize required excavation depth

Question #37:
The science of Hydrology encompasses the behavior of
water as it occurs in the atmosphere, on the surface of
the ground and underground or the movement of water
as it relates to the earth is known as:
a) runoff
b) capillarity
c) hydrologic cycle
d) hydrograph
Answer:

c) Hydrologic cycle
Question #38:
For large basins ranging from 2000 to 10000 sq.miles
representing the storm area where geographical variation
in rainfall-depth patterns complex config., can be well
defined in determining the ave. precipitation over an area
by the method which is known as:
a) contour map method
b) isohyetal map method
c) mass curve method
d) depth-frequency method
Answer:

b) Isohyetal map method

Question #39:
A branch of science that deals with the study of water in
all its form and from all its origin to all its destination on
the earth.
a) coastal engineering
b) irrigation engineering
c) meteorology
d) hydrology
Answer:

d) hydrology
Question #40:
In the design of waterways, the “hydraulic jump” is
sometimes used for:
a) energy dissipation
b) elimination of turbulence
c) prevention of sedimentation
d) measurement of flow
Answer:

a) Energy dissipation
Question #41:
One of the rational methods determining the reservoir-
capacity yield analysis in dam design is known as:
a) isohyetal map
b) mass curve
c) hydrograph
d) flood routing
Answer:

b) Mass curve
Question #42:
Subcritical flow must always occur:
a) above normal depth
b) below normal depth
c) above critical depth
d) below critical depth
Answer:

c) Above critical depth

Question #43:
A branch of science that deals with the study of water in
all its form and from all its origin to all its destination on
the earth.
a) coastal engineering
b) irrigation engineering
c) meteorology
d) hydrology
Answer:

d) hydrology
Question #44:
In super critical flow conditions:
a) normal depth is greater than critical depth
b) the slope of the channel is considered mild
c) normal depth is less than critical depth
d) the downstream conditions control the flow
Answer:

b) The slope of the channel is considered

mild
Question #45:
In water purification, aeration is used to remove:
a) turbidity
b) sediment
c) dissolved oxygen
d) objectionable gases
Answer:

d) objectionable gases
Question #46:
Entrance losses between tank and pipe, or losses
through elbows, fittings and valves are generally
expressed as a function of:
a) kinetic energy
b) pipe diameter
c) friction factor
d) volume of flow rate
Answer:

a) kinetic energy
Question #47:
In fluid flow, the liquid travels parallel to the adjacent
layers, and the paths on individual particles does not
cross or intersect, the flow is said to be:
a) turbulent
b) steady
c) uniform
d) continuous
Answer:

c) uniform
Question #48:
When the amount and velocity of fluid passing at any
section at a given length or reach is constant with time,
the flow is said to be:
a) turbulent
b) steady
c) uniform
d) continuous
Answer:

c) uniform
Question #49:
In fluid flow, when the amount of fluid passing at a
section is constant with time, the flow is said to be:
a) uniform
b) steady
c) dynamic
d) continuous
Answer:

b) steady
Question #50:
Cavitation is a result of:
a) static pressure in a fluid becoming less than
fluid vapor pressure
b) rivets under impact load
c) exposure of concrete to salt water
d) heat treatment of a low carbon steel
Answer:

a) static pressure in a fluid becoming less

than vapor pressure
Question #51:
Ideal flow is:
a) very viscous
b) one which obeys Newton’s law of viscosity
c) a useful assumption in problems in conduit flow
d) frictionless and incompressible
Answer:

d) frictionless and incompressible

Question #52:
Buoyant force is:
a) the resultant force on a body due to the fluid
surrounding it
b) the resultant force acting on a floating body
c) the force necessary to maintain equilibrium of a
submerged body
d) equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
Answer:

d) equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

Question #53:
In turbulent flow:
a) the fluid particles move in an orderly manner
b) cohesion is more effective than momentum
transfer in causing shear stress
c) one lamina of fluid glides smoothly over the
other
d) the shear stress are generally larger than in a
similar laminar flow
Answer:

a) the fluid particles move in an orderly

manner
Question #54:
The hydraulic radius is given by:
a) wetted perimeter divided by area
b) area divided by square of wetted perimeter area
c) square root of the area
d) divided by wetted perimeter
Answer:

d) divided by wetted perimeter

Question #55:
A body floats is said to be just stable:
a) when its metacentric height is zero
b) when its center of gravity is below its center of
gravity
c) when GBo – I/V is positive and G is above Bo
d) when I/V is positive
Answer:

a) when its metacentric height is zero

Question #56:
The simple pitot tube measures the:
a) static pressure
b) dynamic pressure
c) total pressure
d) velocity at the stagnation point
Answer:

d) velocity at the stagnation point

Question #57:
The pitot-static measures:
a) static pressure
b) dynamic pressure
c) total pressure
d) difference in static and dynamic pressure
Answer:

a) static pressure
Question #58:
The hydraulic radius is given by:
a) wetted perimeter divided by area
b) area divided by square of wetted perimeter
c) square root of area
d) area divided by wetted perimeter
Answer:

d) area divided by wetted perimeter

Question #59:
The hot-wire anemometer is used to measure:
a) pressure in gases
b) pressure in liquids
c) wind velocities at airports
d) gas velocities
Answer:

d) gas velocities
Question #60:
The pressure center is:
a) at the centroid of the submerged area
b) the centroid of the pressure prism
c) independent of the orientation of the area
d) a point on the line of action of the resultant force
Answer:

b) the centroid of the pressure prism

Question #61:
A force component parallel to the relative approach
velocity exerted on the body by the moving fluids, called:
a) lift
b) drag
c) velocity
d) viscosity
Answer:

d) viscosity
Question #62:
A short pipe whose length is not more than two or three
diameters:
a) tube
b) orifices
c) nozzles
d) vena contracta
Answer:

a) tube
Question #63:
The total hydrostatic pressure on a plane area is located
1/3 of the height of the liquid from the bottom if:
a) the width is uniform
b) the liquid surface is level with the top of the
body
c) the liquid surface is atmospheric
d) none of the above
Answer:

d) none of the above

Question #64:
Hydraulic jump is possible to occur in a rectangular
channel if:
a) the depth is critical
b) the Froude number is less than one
c) the Froude number is equal to one
d) none of the above
Answer:

d) none of the above

Question #65:
Mach number is a dimensionless ratio of the velocity of
the fluid to the acoustic velocity, called as:
a) celerity
b) critical velocity
c) relative velocity in the flat plates
d) none of the above
Answer:

a) celerity
Question #66:
A motion caused by rotating impellers or by rotating a
vessel containing a liquid is called:
a) water hammer
b) forced vortex
c) uniform flow
d) none of these
Answer:

b) forced vortex
Question #67:
The ratio of the area of a jet at the vena contracta to the
area of the orifice or other opening is called as:
a) coefficient of discharge
b) coefficient of contraction
c) coefficient of velocity
d) none of the above
Answer:

b) coefficient of contraction
Question #68:
In the design of waterways, the “hydraulic jump” is
sometimes used for:
a) energy dissipation
b) elimination of turbulence
c) prevention of sedimentation
d) measurement of flow
Answer:

a) energy dissipation
Question #69:
The velocity of a fluid approaching an orifice or nozzle or
similar device is called:
a) ideal velocity
b) coefficient of velocity
c) velocity of approach
d) none of the above
Answer:

c) velocity of approach
Question #70:
Cavitation is a result of:
a) static pressure in a fluid becoming less than
fluid vapor pressure
b) rivets under impact load
c) exposure of concrete to salt water
d) heat treatment of a low carbon steel
Answer:

a) static pressure in a fluid becoming less

than fluid vapor pressure
Question #71:
In fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent
layers and the paths of the individual particles do not
cross and the velocity profile between two parallel
boundaries is parabolic, the flow is said to be:
a) laminar
b) turbulent
c) critical
d) uniform
Answer:

a) laminar
Question #72:
If the velocity of a liquid in a pipeline is abruptly
decreased by a valve moment, the phenomenon
encountered is called:
a) velocity of approach
b) water hammer
c) hydraulic jump
d) none of the above
Answer:

b) water hammer
Question #73:
A branch of science that deals with the study of water in
all its form and from all its origin to all its destination on
the earth.
a) coastal engineering
b) irrigation engineering
c) meteorology
d) hydrology
Answer:

d) hydrology
Question #74:
The most efficient condition for open channel flow in
circular pipes is when:
a) it is flowing full
b) it is half flowing
c) it is flowing at a depth = 94% of the diameter
d) it is flowing at a depth = 85% of the diameter
Answer:

c) it is flowing at a depth = 94% of the

diameter
Question #75:
A cylinder of cork is floating upright in a tank partially
filled with water. A vacuum is applied to the such that the
air within it is partially removed. The cork will:
a) rise a little above the surface
b) sink a little below the surface
c) remain stationery
d) float on its side
Answer:

c) remain stationery
Question #76:
This phenomenon occurs in a flow at a point along the
boundaries where the streamlines are spreading and the
velocity gradient zero:
a) cavitation
b) adhesion
c) diffusion
d) separation
Answer:

d) separation
Question #77:
The center of a circle traced by the centroid of the
submerged portion of a floating body is known as:
a) center of buoyancy
b) metacenter
c) surface tension
d) middle third
Answer:

b) metacenter
Question #78:
The pressure exerted by the atmosphere in every surface
with which it comes in contact is known as:
a) vapor pressure
b) atmospheric pressure
c) absolute pressure
d) gage pressure
Answer:

b) atmospheric pressure
Question #79:
Fluids which have little resistance to change either in
form or volume. It occupies all the space in which it is
contained:
a) liquids
b) gases
c) solids
d) atoms
Answer:

b) gases
Question #80:
When the gage liquid of an open manometer is deflected
towards the point of connection, it implies that the gage
pressure at the point of connection is:
a) zero
b) equal to the atmospheric pressure
c) negative
d) positive
Answer:

c) negative
Question #81:
Absolute viscosity of a fluid varies with pressure and
temperature and is defined as a function of:
a) density and angular deformation rate
b) density, shear stress and angular deformation
rate
c) density and shear stress
d) shear stress and angular deformation rate
Answer:

d) shear stress and angular deformation rate

Question #82:
The capillary rise (or depression), h, in a circular tube
with radius r is directly proportional to the surface tension
of the liquid contained in the tube. The relationship
between h and r is:
a) h = r
b) h is directly proportional to r
c) h is inversely proportional to r
d) none of these
Answer:

c) h is inversely proportional to r
Question #83:
Absolute viscosity of a fluid varies with pressure and
temperature and is defined as a function of:
a) density and angular deformation rate
b) density, shear stress and angular deformation
rate
c) density and shear stress
d) density, shear stress and angular deformation
rate
Answer:

d) density, shear stress and angular

deformation rate
Question #84:
Fluids which offer great resistance to change in volume.
It occupies a definite portion in which it is contained.
a) liquids
b) solids
c) gases
d) none of these
Answer:

a) liquids
Question #85:
It is defined as the weight of a unit volume of a
substance:
a) specific weight
b) light weight
c) heavy weight
d) density
Answer:

a) specific weight
Question #86:
The quantitative measure of the amount of matter in a
given body is known as:
a) weight
b) mass density
c) specific gravity
d) mass
Answer:

d) mass
Question #87:
It is a dimensionless ratio of the density (or specific
weight) of a substance to that of some other standard
substance:
a) mass density
b) weight density
c) specific gravity
d) unit weight
Answer:

c) specific gravity
Question #88:
All the following is true about absolute pressure, except:
a) absolute pressure is measured above the
absolute zero
b) absolute pressure is the sum of atmospheric and
gage pressures
c) absolute pressure can be negative
d) absolute pressure can never be negative
Answer:

c) absolute pressure can be negative

Question #89:
A mass of liquid being translated vertically downward with
a uniform acceleration equal to the acceleration of gravity
has, at any point in the mass, a pressure:
a) equal to ½ hydrostatic pressure
b) equal to zero
c) equal to twice the hydrostatic pressure
d) equal to the negative of the hydrostatic pressure
Answer:

b) equal to zero
Question #90:
The hydrostatic pressure force which varies uniformly
from the heel to the toe of the base width of the dam for
design consideration, is known as:
a) resultant pressure force
b) uplift pressure force
c) total weight of the dam
d) horizontal hydrostatic pressure force
Answer:

b) uplift pressure force

Question #91:
A principal in flow measurement which states that the
increase in kinetic energy per unit weight is equal to the
decrease in the potential energy per unit weight, is known
as:
a) Venturi Principle
b) Bernoulli Principle
c) Orifice meter Principle
d) Flow net Principle
Answer:

a) Venturi Principle
Question #92:
Two jets of water, having the same velocity, one issuing
horizontally and the other vertically at the same elevation,
will strike the horizontal ground below with:
a) a decreased unequal kinetic energies
b) an increased unequal kinetic energies
c) the same original kinetic energies
d) an increased equal kinetic energies
Answer:

d) an increased equal kinetic energies

Question #93:
A Sutro-weir or “proportional-flow weir ”is where the
discharge is:
a) directly proportional to the 3/2 power of the head
b) directly proportional to the first power of the
head
c) directly proportional to the 5/2 power of the head
d) inversely proportional to the 1st power of the
head
Answer:

b) directly proportional to the first power of

the head
Question #94:
Total energy of a compressible or incompressible fluid
flowing across any section in a pipeline is a function of:
a) pressure and velocity
b) pressure, density, and velocity
c) pressure, density, viscosity, and velocity
d) flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum,
and internal energy
Answer:

d) flow energy, kinetic energy, height above

datum, and internal energy
Question #95:
It defined as a conduit in which the liquid flows with a free
surface subjected to atmospheric pressure. The flow is
caused by the slope of the conduit and liquid surface.
a) non-uniform flow
b) pipe flow
c) open channel flow
d) critical flow
Answer:

c) open channel flow

Question #96:
In open channel flow, many problems are solved by the
special application of the energy principle which is
defined as the distance between channel bottom and the
energy line. This distance is known as:
a) specific energy
b) hydraulic jump
c) hydraulic gradeline
d) momentum equation
Answer:

a) specific energy
Question #97:
Uniform flow in an open channel implies the following
characteristics, except:
a) uniform velocity
b) uniform flow section
c) stream bed parallel to surface
d) datum parallel to surface
Answer:

d) datum parallel to surface

Question #98:
For optimum flow conditions to occur in a V-notch open
channel:
a) the depth of flow must equal the width of surface
b) the depth of flow must twice the width of surface
c) the depth of flow must be ½ the width of surface
d) none of these
Answer:

b) the depth of flow must twice the width of

surface
Question #99:
The two alternate depths of flow in an open channel (the
subcritical and super critical) are two possible depths
that, for a constant specific energy, the:
a) unit discharge is the same
b) velocity head is the same
c) depth of flow is the same
d) head loss is the same
Answer:

a) unit discharged is the same

Question #100:
The fundamental objective of the hydraulic design of
culverts for which the design discharge is passed without
exceeding the allowable headwater elevation is:
a) to minimize its length
b) minimize head loses
c) to determine most economic diameters
d) none of these
Answer:

c) to determine most economic diameters

Question #101:
The residual of precipitation that is drained from the land
after the prior and persistent demands of
evapotranspiration have been met is known as:
a) infiltration
b) vapor pressure
c) surface runoff
d) groundwater flow
Answer:

c) surface runoff
Question #102:
The hydraulic radius of an open-channel section is defined
as:
a) the wetted perimeter divided by the cross-sectional
area
b) the cross-sectional area divided by the total
perimeter
c) the cross-sectional area divided by the wetted
perimeter
d) one-fourth the radius of a circle with the same area
Answer:

c) the cross-sectional area divided by the

wetted perimeter
Question #103:
In an open channel flow, the hydraulic grade line is the:
a) channel flow line
b) water surface
c) same as the velocity head
d) invert
Answer:

b) water surface
Question #104:
The sudden removal of land from the state of one man to
that of another, as by a sudden change in a river, the
property thus separated continuing in the original owner
of the sudden shift in location of a channel is known as:
a) erosion
b) cavitation
c) avulsion
d) diversion
Answer:

c) avulsion
Question #105:
Which of the following statements most nearly
approximates conditions in turbulent flow:
a) fluid particles move along smooth, straight paths
b) energy loss varies linearly with velocity
c) energy loss varies as the square of the velocity
d) Newtons law of viscosity governs the flow
Answer:

c) energy loss varies as the square of the

velocity
Question #106:
At or critical velocities in small pipes or at very low
velocities, the loss of head due to friction:
a) varies directly as the velocity
b) can be ignored
c) is infinitely large
d) varies as the velocity squared
Answer:

a) varies directly as the velocity

Question #107:
The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point
in a fluid:
a) only when the fluid is frictionless
b) only when the fluid is frictionless and
incompressible
c) only when the fluid has zero viscosity and is at
rest
d) only when there is no motion of one fluid layer
relative to adjacent layer
Answer:

d) only when there is no motion of one fluid

layer relative to adjacent layer
Question #108:
The horizontal component of force on a curved surface is
equal to the:
a) gravity force of liquid vertically above the curved
surface
b) gravity force of liquid retained by the curved surface
c) product of pressure at its centroid and area of the
vertical projection
d) force on a projection of the curved surface onto a
vertical plane
Answer:

c) product of pressure at its centroid and area

of the vertical projection
Question #109:
The vertical component of pressure force on a
submerged curve surface is equal to:
a) its horizontal component
b) the force on a vertical projection of the curved
surface
c) the product of pressure at centroid and surface
area
d) the gravity force of liquid vertically above the
curved surface
Answer:

d) the gravity force of liquid vertically above

the curved surface
Question #110:
The line of action of the buoyant force acts through the:
a) center of gravity of the body
b) centroid of volume of the body
c) centroid of the displaced volume of fluid
d) none of these
Answer:

c) centroid of the displaced volume of fluid

Question #111:
When a liquid rotates at constant angular velocity about a
vertical axis as a rigid body, the pressure:
a) decreases as the square of the radial distance
b) increases linearly as the radial distance
c) varies inversely as the elevation along any
vertical plane
d) varies as the square of the radial distance
Answer:

d) varies as the square of the radial distance

Question #112:
A forced vortex:
a) turns in an opposite direction to a free vortex
b) always occurs in conjunction with a free vortex
c) has the velocity decreasing with the radius
d) occurs when the fluid rotates as a solid
Answer:

d) occurs when the fluid rotates as a solid

Question #113:
The loses in open-channel flow generally varies as the:
a) first power of the roughness
b) inverse of the roughness
c) square of the velocity
d) inverse square of the hydraulic radius
Answer:

c) square of the velocity

Question #114:
Steady flow occurs when:
a) conditions does not change with time at any
point
b) conditions are the same at adjacent points at any
instant
c) conditions change steadily with time
d) dv/dt is constant
Answer:

b) conditions are the same at adjacent points

at any instant
Question #115:
The bulk modulus of elasticity:
a) is independent of temperature
b) increases with the pressure
c) has the dimensions of 1/p
d) is larger when the fluid is more compressible
Answer:

d) is larger when the fluid is more

compressible
Question #116:
The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point
in a fluid:
a) only when the fluid is frictionless
b) only when the fluid has zero viscosity and is at
rest
c) when there is no motion of one fluid layer
relative to adjacent layer
d) regardless of the motion of one fluid layer
relative to an adjacent layer
Answer:

c) when there is no motion of one fluid layer

relative to adjacent layer
Question #117:
The velocity of a known flowing gas may be determined
from measurement of:
a) static and stagnation pressure only
b) static pressure and temperature only
c) static and stagnation temperature only
d) stagnation temperature and stagnation pressure
only
Answer:

b) static pressure and temperature only

Question #118:
The losses in open-channel flow generally vary as the:
a) first power of the roughness
b) inverse of the roughness
c) square of the velocity
d) unsteady nonuniform
Answer:

c) square of the velocity

Question #119:
A streamline:
a) is the line connecting the midpoints of flow
cross sections
b) is defined for uniform flow only
c) is drawn normal to the velocity vector at every
point
d) is always the path of a particle
Answer:

c) is drawn normal to the velocity vector at

every point
Question #120:
Pressure drag results from:
a) skin friction
b) deformation
c) occurrence of awake
d) none of these
Answer:

a) skin friction