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Electric Field Lecture2

Here are the solutions to the additional problems: a. Dipole moment p = qd = (1.50 nC)(6.20 mm) = 9.30 x 10-10 C-m b. Maximum torque τ = pEsinθ = (9.30 x 10-10 C-m)(1100 N/C) = 1.02 x 10-7 N-m c. Work W = -ΔU = -pEcosθ = (9.30 x 10-10 C-m)(1100 N/C)(1) = -1.02 x 10-7 J d. Work to put it back is the same magnitude but positive: W = 1

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17 views

Electric Field Lecture2

Here are the solutions to the additional problems: a. Dipole moment p = qd = (1.50 nC)(6.20 mm) = 9.30 x 10-10 C-m b. Maximum torque τ = pEsinθ = (9.30 x 10-10 C-m)(1100 N/C) = 1.02 x 10-7 N-m c. Work W = -ΔU = -pEcosθ = (9.30 x 10-10 C-m)(1100 N/C)(1) = -1.02 x 10-7 J d. Work to put it back is the same magnitude but positive: W = 1

Uploaded by

Vicente Scott
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review : Sections (22-1) – (22-3)

• Electric Field:

• Electric Field Lines

• Electric Field of a Point Charge:

• Electric Field of an electric Dipole


(22-6) A Point Charge in an External
Electric Field
• Consider a point charge ( q ) in an external electric
field E.
• The electric force on the charge is :
• Also, from Newton’s second law :
• Therefore :
• A positive charge will accelerate in the direction of the
electric field.
• A negative charge will accelerate opposite to the
electric field.
• Electric field lines point in the direction in which a
positive charge is accelerated.
Uniform Electric Field
• An electric field that is constant in both
magnitude and direction.

• One way to produce a uniform electric field


is by using two conducting parallel plates.
• Constant electric field implies constant acceleration.

• Thus, the kinematic equations for motion with


constant acceleration apply here.
Velocity & Acceleration

v
a=0

v
a

v
a
Various Situations
Case 1 : vo = 0

Positive Charge: Negative Charge:


• Accelerate parallel to • Accelerate opposite
the electric field. to the electric field.

E E
a a
Case 2 : vo  0 & q = 0 vo
E
vo & E are parallel
• Positive Charge: Negative Charge:
• Continue moving in • Decelerate
the same direction. • Stop momentarily
• Reverse direction
E
• Depends on the
a length of the field

v E
a
v
Case 3 : vo  0 & q = 180 vo
E
vo & E are anti-parallel
• Positive Charge: Negative Charge:
• Decelerate • Continue moving in
• Stop momentarily the same direction
• Reverse direction E
E a
a v
v
Case 4 : vo makes some angle q with E
(0 < q < 180o)
• Projectile motion
summary

vo E E
E a
a
v
v
E E
vo a
E a
v v
(22-7)
Electric dipole

An electric dipole consists of two charges of


equal magnitude but opposite sign (q, – q)
separated by a distance d.
The electric dipole moment is defined as: p = q d.
What happens if this dipole is put in
an external electric field?
• Consider an electric dipole in
a uniform electric field E.
• Assume that the dipole moment
p makes an angle q with E.
• There are forces F and – F
acting on the two charges.
• Thus, the net force on the
dipole is zero.
• However, there is torque on
the dipole about its com.
Work & Gravitational P.E.
• Consider the raising of a block in
the gravitational field of the Earth.
• The Earth exerts a gravitational
force that tends to keep the block
on the ground.
• To raise the block requires an
external force to be applied.
• The change in the gravitational
potential energy of the block is
DUg = mgy.
• The work done by the
gravitational force is Wg = – DUg.
• The work done by the applied
force is Wapp = + DUg.
Potential Energy of the Dipole
▪ To rotate an electric dipole in an external electric field requires work by
some external agent.

▪ Therefore, P.E. can be associated with the orientation of the dipole in


the field.

▪ Equilibrium position: one with the least P.E. (e.g. pendulum).

▪ Choose U = 0 at q = 90o (arbitrary).

▪ DU = – W { work done by the field on the dipole as it is rotated from


90o to q}.

q q
DU = U f − U i = −W = −  dq =  pE sin dq = − pE cosq
90 90
Continuous Charge Distributions
Uniform Continuous Charge Distributions

Distribution Symbol Formula Examples

Linear l l=Q/L Rod, Ring,


Linear Charge Density
Wire

Surface s s =Q/A Disk, Sheet,


Surface Charge
Density Shell

Volume r r =Q/V Sphere,


Volume Charge
Density Cylinder
Problem 20 – Book
An electron with a speed of 2.60 x 108 cm/s enters
an electric field of magnitude 1.00 x 103 N/C,
traveling along a field line in the direction that
retards its motion.

a. How far will the electron travel in the field before


stopping momentarily?

b. How much time will have elapsed?


vo
E
Additional Problem
An electric dipole, consisting of two opposite charges each of
magnitude 1.50 nC separated by a distance of 6.20 mm, is in
an electric field of strength 1100 N/C.

a. What is the magnitude of the electric dipole moment?

b. What maximum torque can the field exert on the dipole?

c. If p initially makes an angle of 180o with the field, how


much work is done by the field to align it?

d. How much work must be done by an external agent to


put the dipole back into its initial position?

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