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Lecture 19 Part 6

This document provides an overview of magnetism and magnetic fields. It begins with a brief history of magnetism, noting that magnets have two poles (north and south) that attract or repel each other. It also discusses how the Earth itself acts as a large magnet. Contemporary applications of magnetism in technologies are then outlined. The document goes on to define magnetic fields and discuss magnetic field lines. It also explains how a current-carrying conductor experiences a magnetic force when placed in a magnetic field, providing the equation to calculate this force.

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Mapalo faith Chama
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14 views

Lecture 19 Part 6

This document provides an overview of magnetism and magnetic fields. It begins with a brief history of magnetism, noting that magnets have two poles (north and south) that attract or repel each other. It also discusses how the Earth itself acts as a large magnet. Contemporary applications of magnetism in technologies are then outlined. The document goes on to define magnetic fields and discuss magnetic field lines. It also explains how a current-carrying conductor experiences a magnetic force when placed in a magnetic field, providing the equation to calculate this force.

Uploaded by

Mapalo faith Chama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Magnetism

LECTURER
MR. M C Zulu
INTRODUCTION

 For the past few chapters, we have been studying


electrostatic forces and fields, which are caused by electric
charges at rest.
 These electric fields can move other free charges, such as
producing a current in a circuit; however, the electrostatic
forces and fields themselves come from other static
charges.
 In this chapter, we see that when an electric charge moves,
it generates other forces and fields. These additional forces
and fields are what we commonly call magnetism.
BRIEF HISTORY OF MAGNETISM
 Magnets are commonly found in everyday
objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators,
doorbells, and computer devices.
 Experimentation on these magnets shows that
all magnets have two poles: One is labeled
north (N) and the other is labeled south (S).
 Magnetic poles repel if they are alike (both N or
both S), they attract if they are opposite (one N
and the other S), and both poles of a magnet
attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
 An important point to note here is that you
cannot isolate an individual magnetic pole.
Every piece of a magnet, no matter how small,
which contains a north pole must also contain a
south pole.
BRIEF HISTORY OF MAGNETISM CONT.

 Earth itself also acts like a very large


bar magnet, with its south-seeking
pole near the geographic North Pole
. The north pole of a compass is
attracted toward Earth’s geographic
North Pole because the magnetic
pole that is near the geographic
North Pole is actually a south
magnetic pole.
 Confusion arises because the
geographic term “North Pole” has
come to be used (incorrectly) for the
magnetic pole that is near the North
Pole
CONTEMPORARY APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETISM
 Today, magnetism plays many important roles in our lives. Physicists’ understanding of magnetism has enabled the
development of technologies that affect both individuals and society. The electronic tablet in your purse or backpack,
for example, wouldn’t have been possible without the applications of magnetism and electricity on a small scale.
MAGNETIC FIELDS AND LINES
 A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences moving in this field, after
we account for the gravitational and any additional electric forces possible on the charge.

F  qv  B
 In fact, this is how we define the magnetic field B- in terms of the force on a charged particle
moving in a magnetic field. The magnitude of the force is determined from the definition of the cross
product as it relates to the magnitudes of each of the vectors. In other words, the magnitude of the
force satisfies
F  qvB sin 
 where θ is the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field.
 The SI unit for magnetic field strength B is called the tesla (T) 1N
1T 
A m
MAGNETIC FORCE ON A CURRENT-CARRYING CONDUCTOR
 A current-carrying wire generates a magnetic field and the magnetic field exerts a force on the current-
carrying wire.
 (a) When the wire is in the plane of the paper, the field is perpendicular to the paper. Note the symbols used
for the field pointing inward (like the tail of an arrow) and the field pointing outward (like the tip of an arrow).
(b) A long and straight wire creates a field with magnetic field lines forming circular loops
CALCULATING THE MAGNETIC FORCE

 Electric current is an ordered movement of charge. A current-carrying wire in a


magnetic field must therefore experience a force due to the field.

F  Il  B
End of Lecture

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