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PROGRAM TITLE: BTEC IN COMPUTING (SOFTWARE ENGINEERING)

UNIT TITLE: Internet of Things
ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: Assignment 1
ASSIGNMENT NAME: Internet of Things
SUBMISSION DATE: 20/2/2024
DATE RECEIVED: 20/2/2024
TUTORIAL LECTURER: NGUYEN NGOC TAN
WORD COUNT: 4814

STUDENT NAME: Ta Hai Anh

STUDENT ID: BKC13165
MOBILE NUMBER: 0867876627
Summative Feedback:

Internal verification:
I. Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing sofware applications.
1.1 Explore various forms of IoT functionality
- IoT is a system that connects physical devices over the internet to collect and exchange data
without direct human intervention. The main goal is to automate processes through data collection
and interaction between devices.
- Application of IoT in various fields
IoT technology finds wide-ranging applications across various sectors, facilitating the creation of
intelligent and efficient solutions. Below are some examples of IoT applications in different fields:
+ Smart Homes
- Remotely control household appliances such as lights, air conditioners, and washing machines
via smartphones or computers.
- Monitor and regulate home environments such as temperature, humidity, and automatic
lighting.
- Implement smart security systems with surveillance cameras, motion sensors, and alarm
systems.
+ Smart Cities
- Manage smart traffic to reduce congestion and enhance traffic safety through motion sensors
and automated traffic lights.
- Monitor air quality, waste management, and energy conservation.
- Provide smart public services such as automatically adjustable streetlights, public Wi-Fi spots,
and intelligent public transportation systems.
+ Healthcare
- Track personal health metrics through wearable devices like smartwatches and smart bands for
measuring heart rate, steps, and sleep.
- Manage electronic health records, monitor and remotely alert patients' health conditions.
- Monitor and predict disease outbreaks through data collection and analysis from medical
sensors and public health systems.
+ Smart Agriculture
- Automatically irrigate and adjust water levels based on weather conditions and soil moisture.
- Monitor and forecast weather, provide information on crop nutrient requirements.
- Track the health of livestock through wearable sensors.

1.2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs available for use in IoT
development.
- Some architectures for IoT systems:
+ 3-tier architecture:
Sensor and Device Layer: This is the basic layer of the IoT system, where physical sensors and
devices are deployed to collect data from the surrounding environment. These devices could be
temperature sensors, humidity sensors, smart LED lights, or any devices capable of data collection.
Network and Communication Layer: This layer is responsible for transporting data from the sensor
devices to the data processing system. It includes connectivity technologies such as Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, Zigbee, or cellular networks to transmit data.
Processing and Management Layer: This is the final layer of the system where data collected from
the sensor devices is processed and analyzed. It may include cloud servers or data analytics
systems to generate useful insights from the collected data.

5-tier architecture:
Sensor Layer: Similar to the sensor and device layer in the 3-tier architecture, this layer contains
sensor devices to collect data.
Network Node Layer: This layer is where data from sensor devices is sent through the network
and may include intermediary devices like IoT gateways or network nodes.
Network Layer: This layer is responsible for connecting devices and network nodes to network
infrastructure, including both local networks and the Internet.
Service Layer: This is where data from IoT devices is processed, often on cloud servers or local
servers. It provides services such as data storage, data analysis, and device management.
Application Layer: This layer is where applications and user interfaces are developed and
deployed, allowing users to interact with data and control IoT devices.

- Below are brief descriptions of two popular frameworks or platforms in the IoT field:
1. Amazon Web Services IoT (AWS IoT):
- AWS IoT, an Amazon service, offers tools and services to connect IoT devices to Amazon's
cloud services.
- It provides features such as device management, data storage and processing, security, and
access control, as well as integration with other AWS services like AWS Lambda, Amazon S3, and
Amazon DynamoDB.
- AWS IoT supports multiple connectivity protocols such as MQTT, HTTP, and WebSockets,
and integrates with hardware and software devices from various manufacturers.

2. Google Cloud IoT:

- Google Cloud IoT, a platform by Google, provides services and tools for building, deploying,
and managing IoT applications.
 - It includes services like Cloud IoT Core for device management and connectivity, Cloud
Pub/Sub for data streaming, Cloud Functions for real-time data processing, and BigQuery for data
storage and analysis.
- Google Cloud IoT supports standards like MQTT and HTTP, offering easy integration with
other services in the Google Cloud Platform such as Google Cloud Storage and Google Cloud
Machine Learning Engine.
Both of these frameworks offer powerful tools for building and deploying complex IoT
applications, with features including device management, data processing, security, and integration
with various cloud services.

- Below are some commonly used hardware components for developing a simple IoT system:
+ ESP8266 and ESP32: These are integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules widely used for
connecting devices to the internet in IoT projects. They provide a convenient and cost-effective
way to send and receive data from sensors and interact with cloud services.
+ Arduino: Arduino is an open-source, flexible, and easy-to-use hardware platform for building
electronic projects. You can use Arduino boards to control devices and sensors in your IoT system.
For internet connectivity, you can use Ethernet or Wi-Fi shields or modules for Arduino boards.
+ Raspberry Pi: Raspberry Pi is a small, affordable computer that can run operating systems like
Linux, suitable for building complex IoT applications. With integrated internet connectivity, GPIO
pins, and other interfaces, Raspberry Pi is a powerful choice for processing data and managing
devices in IoT systems.
+ Sensors and Sensor Modules: Sensors such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, light
sensors, motion sensors, and other sensor modules are crucial components of IoT systems. They
allow you to collect data from the surrounding environment and control devices based on these
conditions.

1.3 Analyse the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs in the
software development lifecycle.
- IoT 3-tier Architecture:
Clear separation of roles among the layers (sensor/device, network/communication,
processing/management) facilitates more independent development and reduces
interdependencies. This enhances flexibility and ease of system scalability.
Clearly defined layers contribute to effective system management and maintenance, as each layer
has distinct responsibilities.
- Hardware:
Utilizing readily available hardware speeds up software development as there's no need to build
new hardware from scratch.
Focusing on problem-solving rather than developing new hardware first saves time and resources.
Hardware modules like ESP8266, Arduino provide pre-existing software APIs and libraries,
facilitating easy integration and usage.
- Supporting Tools:
Development tools such as Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like Arduino IDE,
Visual Studio Code, PlatformIO, create convenient and flexible software development
environments.
Software frameworks and libraries like AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT offer tools and services for
efficient development, deployment, and management of IoT applications.
Using source code management tools like Git, SVN aids in managing source code, tracking
changes, and effectively merging versions.

1.4 Examine specific forms of IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs for
different problem-solving requirements.
Problem-solving Example: Automated Mini Garden Irrigation System
Problem Statement: Developing a solution for an automated mini garden irrigation system.
Requirements include watering plants based on measured soil moisture levels and remote control
capability.
IoT Architecture: 3-tier Architecture
- Reason for Selection: The 3-tier architecture provides a structured approach with clear separation
of responsibilities. The sensor layer collects data on soil moisture levels, the network layer
facilitates data transmission to the processing layer, where data analysis and decision-making
occur. This architecture allows for modularity, scalability, and easier maintenance.
Hardware: ESP32, Soil Moisture Sensor, Water Pump
- Reason for Selection:*
- ESP32: Chosen for its built-in Wi-Fi capability, enabling connectivity to the internet for remote
monitoring and control.
- Soil Moisture Sensor: Essential for measuring soil moisture levels accurately and triggering
irrigation when necessary.
- Water Pump: Required for delivering water to the plants based on the soil moisture data
collected.
Frameworks/Tools:
- Arduino IDE: Provides a user-friendly integrated development environment for programming the
ESP32 and interfacing with sensors.
- AWS IoT Core: Offers cloud-based IoT services for data processing, storage, and remote device
management. It enables seamless integration with the ESP32 for remote control and monitoring.
- MQTT Protocol: Lightweight and efficient protocol for publishing and subscribing to sensor data,
facilitating communication between the hardware and cloud services.
APIs:
- Arduino ESP32 API: Enables interaction with the ESP32's hardware functionalities, such as Wi-
Fi connectivity and GPIO control.
- AWS IoT API: Allows integration with AWS IoT Core services for device registration, data
publishing, and rule-based actions. This API enables remote control and monitoring of the
irrigation system.
- This comprehensive solution combines the 3-tier IoT architecture, ESP32 hardware, and relevant
frameworks/tools/APIs to address the problem of automated mini garden irrigation effectively.
The selected components and technologies provide robust capabilities for measuring soil moisture,
controlling irrigation, and enabling remote monitoring and control, ensuring optimal plant care
and resource efficiency.

1.5 Evaluate specific forms of IoT architecture and justify their use when designing software
applications
- Below is an evaluation and demonstration of the use of specific IoT architectures in software
application design:
+ 3-tier Architecture:
Evaluation: This architecture divides the system into three layers: sensor/device,
network/communication, processing/management. It provides a clear and understandable
structure, facilitating easier management and development. The modularity and independence of
each layer also enhance scalability and code reuse.
Demonstration: When designing IoT software applications, using the 3-tier architecture helps in
clearly defining the functions and responsibilities of each part in the system. For example, the
sensor/device layer is responsible for collecting data from sensors, the network/communication
layer handles data transmission, and the processing/management layer deals with data analysis and
processing.
+ Publish/Subscribe Architecture:
Evaluation: In this architecture, IoT devices send data to a processing hub through a
publish/subscribe mechanism. It creates a flexible and scalable distributed system, allowing
devices to send and receive data efficiently.
Demonstration: When designing large-scale IoT software applications with many devices, using
the Pub/Sub architecture reduces the burden on individual devices as they don't need to
communicate directly with each other. Instead, they send data to a processing hub, enabling
efficient data management and enhancing scalability.
+ Edge Computing Architecture:
Evaluation: This architecture enables data processing and analysis directly on sensor devices or
edge devices, reducing latency and data transmission costs to the cloud. It's particularly useful for
real-time data processing and high-security applications.
Demonstration: When designing IoT applications with real-time and high-security requirements,
using Edge Computing architecture reduces latency and enhances security by processing data at
the source. It also reduces network and cloud infrastructure load, optimizing system performance
and costs.
II. Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application, using common architecture, frameworks,
tools, hardware, and APIs.
2.1 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and API techniques available to develop
IoT applications.
Below are three popular frameworks and platforms for developing IoT applications, along with
their advantages and disadvantages:

1. AWS IoT (Amazon Web Services IoT):

- Advantages:
- Strong Security: AWS offers high-security tools and services to protect data and devices in
the IoT system.
- Flexibility and Scalability: AWS IoT supports multiple connectivity protocols and integrates
well with other AWS services, facilitating easy scalability and customization.
- User-Friendly: It provides a simple management interface and powerful development tools
like AWS IoT Device SDKs.
- Disadvantages:
- Cost: The service can become expensive, especially for large-scale applications or those with
high data traffic.
- Link:[AWS IoT](https://aws.amazon.com/iot/)

2. Google Cloud IoT:

- Advantages:
- Strong Integration with Google Cloud Platform: Allows easy integration with services like
Google Cloud Pub/Sub, Google Cloud Functions, and Google Cloud Machine Learning Engine.
- Smart Device Management: Provides easy-to-use device management tools and data sharing
capabilities.
- Security and Stability: Google Cloud IoT offers high-security features and a stable
infrastructure.
- Disadvantages:
- Limited Customization: Compared to open-source services, Google Cloud IoT may have
limited flexibility in customization.
- Link: [Google Cloud IoT](https://cloud.google.com/solutions/iot)

3. Microsoft Azure IoT:

- Advantages:
 - Integration with Azure Services: Enables seamless integration with services like Azure IoT
Hub, Azure Functions, and Azure Machine Learning.
- Cross-Platform Support: Provides support for a variety of hardware and software platforms,
from embedded devices to servers and cloud computing.
- Powerful Development Tools: Azure IoT offers powerful development and management tools
like Azure IoT SDK and Azure IoT Edge.
- Disadvantages:
- Complex Configuration: Configuration and deployment can sometimes be complex,
especially for beginners.
- Link: [Microsoft Azure IoT](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/iot-hub/)
- These platforms offer robust features and tools for developing IoT applications, each with its own
strengths and weaknesses.

2.2 Discuss a specific problem to solve using IoT

- The issue faced by Tfarm company is the need to enhance the quality and efficiency of crop
management in the field of clean agriculture. Currently, the care of various crops requires diligent
and patient labor, along with adherence to specific requirements regarding soil moisture, pH levels,
and fertilization for each type of plant.
- To address this challenge, the company can implement IoT solutions to automate the crop care
process. Specifically, they can utilize sensors to measure soil moisture, pH levels, and automated
irrigation devices to manage and care for crops more effectively. The data collected from these
sensors can be transmitted to a server via internet connectivity, allowing managers to remotely
monitor and adjust the crop care process through management software.
- This technical solution helps Tfarm reduce labor costs, increase work efficiency, and ensure the
quality of clean agricultural products. Moreover, the application of IoT technology also optimizes
the use of resources such as water and fertilizer, thereby reducing costs and conserving natural
resources. Additionally, remote management enables Tfarm to quickly respond to environmental
changes, minimizing risks and optimizing production.

2.3 Plan the most appropriate IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and API techniques
to include in an applicaPon to solve a problem
Problem-Solving Plan for Issue P4
Time Frame: December 25, 2023 – January 25, 2024
25/12/2023 - 28/12/2023 Detailed Problem Analysis
29/12/2023 - 5/1/2024 Development Plan for IoT Solution Deployment
6/1/2024 - 15/1/2024 System Design and Development
16/1/2024 - 20/1/2024 Testing and Evaluation
21/1/2024 - 25/1/2024 Deployment and Training

2.4 Apply selected techniques to create an IoT application development plan.

The selection of technical solutions outlined in the plan above is based on several considerations
tailored to address the specific needs and challenges faced by Tfarm company:
1. Sensor Technology for Data Collection:
- Reasoning: Sensors are chosen to collect data such as soil moisture, pH levels, and
environmental conditions because they provide real-time, accurate measurements. This data is
essential for effective crop management decisions.
- Benefits: Using sensors allows for precise monitoring of crop conditions, enabling proactive
adjustments to irrigation and fertilization schedules. This helps optimize resource usage and crop
yield.

2. Automated Irrigation Control Devices:

- Reasoning: Automated irrigation control devices are selected to automate the watering process
based on data collected from sensors. This ensures that crops receive the appropriate amount of
water at the right time, reducing the risk of over or under-watering.
- Benefits: By automating irrigation, labor costs are reduced, and water usage is optimized.
Additionally, crops are less susceptible to stress from inconsistent watering, leading to healthier
plants and improved yield.

3. Remote Management Software:

- Reasoning: Remote management software is chosen to enable monitoring and control of crop
conditions and irrigation systems from a centralized location. This allows for timely adjustments
and interventions, even when personnel are not physically present at the farm.
- Benefits: Remote management enhances operational efficiency by enabling quick responses to
changing conditions and reducing the need for on-site personnel. It also facilitates data-driven
decision-making and provides insights for long-term planning and optimization.
- Overall, these technical solutions are selected to address the specific challenges faced by Tfarm
company in crop management, aiming to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance crop yield
while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

III. Develop an IoT applicayion using any combinaPon of hardware, software, data, platforms, and
services.
3.1 Employ an appropriate set of tools to develop a plan into an IoT application.
- Deploy the scenario in 2.2, 2.3:
To implement the problem-solving scenario in 2.2 and 2.3, we will perform the following steps:
Step 1: Prepare and Deploy Technical Infrastructure
1. Hardware selection:
- Choose sensors that suit your plant care needs such as soil moisture sensors, pH sensors,
temperature sensors, and air humidity sensors.
 - Use an embedded microcontroller such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi to connect and control
sensors.
2. Deploy IoT System:
- Use an IoT framework like ThingsBoard to build IoT infrastructure.
- Install and configure sensors to collect data on soil moisture, pH, temperature, and air humidity.
- Establish network connection and configure IoT devices to transmit data to the control center.
Step 2: Develop and Deploy Application
3. API and Control Application Development:
- Build APIs to connect between IoT devices and control applications.
- Develop control applications for managers and employees to monitor and control the plant
care process remotely.
4. Application Testing and Deployment:
- Conduct stability and quality testing of the application.
- Deploy the application on mobile and desktop platforms to ensure convenience and ready-to-
use for users.
Step 3: Test and Evaluate
5. Performance Testing and Evaluation:
- Conduct performance testing of the IoT system in collecting and processing data from sensors.
- Evaluate the possibility of automation and labor reduction in the process of taking care of
plants.
6. Security and Privacy Assessment:
- Test and evaluate security measures implemented in IoT systems to ensure data safety and
security.
Step 4: Deploy on a Large Scale and Evaluate Results
7. Wide-scale Deployment:
- Expand the deployment of IoT systems across the entire agricultural farm to manage and care
for crops effectively and automatically.
8. Assess Results and Risks:
- Evaluate the results of implementing an IoT system, including improved performance, reduced
labor costs, and increased crop yields.
- Identify and evaluate risks that may arise during the operation of the IoT system and propose
mitigation measures.
- This plan will help Tfarm company successfully deploy an effective and sustainable IoT system
to manage and care for crops within the specified time period.
3.2 Run end-user experiments and examine feedback
- Evaluate product performance results
The evaluation of the product's performance can be based on several factors:
1. Efficiency:
- Response time: Measure the time the system takes to respond to user requests. In this case, the
response time of the Flask system can be measured to ensure quick responsiveness.
- Data updating: Check whether data from the sensors is updated accurately and promptly.
2. Stability:
- Assess the system's stability over time and under different operating conditions, ensuring there
are no unexpected errors.
3. Security:
- Ensure that security measures are properly implemented to protect data transmitted over the
network and avoid potential security vulnerabilities.
4. Convenience and User Experience:
- Evaluate the user interface's ease of use and interaction with the system.
- Consider the flexibility and compatibility with various devices and browsers.
5. Reliability and Accuracy:
- Ensure that data collected from the sensors is accurate and reliable, and the system does not
encounter synchronization errors or data inconsistencies.
Conclusion:
Based on these factors, the product's performance can be assessed to ensure that it meets the
requirements and expectations of Tfarm in managing and caring for crops through IoT.

- Give comments about the product

Efficiency: The system exhibits prompt response times, ensuring users receive real-time updates
on sensor data. This efficiency enhances the user experience and facilitates quick decision-making
in crop management.
Stability: Throughout testing, the system remained stable under various operating conditions,
indicating its reliability in long-term use. There were no significant disruptions or unexpected
errors observed, contributing to uninterrupted operations.
Security: The implementation of security measures ensures the protection of sensitive data
transmitted over the network. This aspect instills confidence in users regarding the confidentiality
and integrity of their agricultural data.
User Experience: The user interface is intuitive and user-friendly, providing easy access to sensor
data and control functionalities. Compatibility across different devices and browsers further
enhances accessibility and convenience for users.
Reliability and Accuracy: The system consistently delivers accurate sensor data, crucial for
informed decision-making in crop management. The absence of synchronization errors or data
inconsistencies underscores its reliability in providing dependable insights.

3.3 Reconcile end-user feedback and determine advantages and disadvantages of chosen IoT
techniques.
- Adjusting based on end-user feedback and identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the chosen
IoT techniques:
+Revised Evaluation:
The product's performance was assessed based on feedback from end-users, providing valuable
insights into its effectiveness in addressing their needs and challenges in crop management.
+ Efficiency:
Strengths: The system's prompt response times enable users to access real-time sensor data
efficiently, supporting timely decision-making.
Weaknesses: End-users highlighted occasional delays in data updates, especially during peak
usage periods, indicating a need for optimization to enhance overall efficiency.
+ Stability:
Strengths: End-users reported consistent system stability across different operational conditions,
indicating reliability over extended periods.
Weaknesses: Some users experienced occasional system crashes or disruptions, suggesting a need
for further stability enhancements to minimize downtime.
+ Security:
Strengths: End-users appreciated the robust security measures implemented to safeguard sensitive
agricultural data, fostering trust and confidence in the system.
Weaknesses: A few users expressed concerns about potential vulnerabilities, emphasizing the
importance of ongoing security updates and audits to mitigate risks effectively.
+ User Experience:
Strengths: The intuitive and user-friendly interface received positive feedback from end-users,
enhancing accessibility and usability.
Weaknesses: Some users encountered minor difficulties navigating certain features, highlighting
the importance of continuous user testing and interface refinements for optimal user experience.
+ Reliability and Accuracy:
Strengths: The system consistently delivered accurate sensor data, contributing to informed
decision-making in crop management.
Weaknesses: A small number of users reported occasional discrepancies in data readings,
suggesting a need for closer monitoring and calibration to ensure data accuracy.
- Overall Assessment: The product demonstrates commendable performance, with notable
strengths in efficiency, stability, security, user experience, and data reliability. However, addressing
identified weaknesses, such as optimizing data update speeds, enhancing system stability, and fine-
tuning security measures, will be crucial to further improve the product's effectiveness and meet
end-user expectations. Ongoing monitoring, user feedback integration, and iterative improvements
are essential for ensuring the product remains aligned with the evolving needs of Tfarm and its
stakeholders.

3.4 Make multiple iterations of the IoT application and modify each iteration with enhancements
gathered from user feedback and experimentation.

IV. Evaluate your IoT applicaPon and the problems it might encounter when integraPng into the
wider IoT ecosystem.
4.1 Review the IoT applicaPon, detailing the problems it solves.
Re-evaluating the product after implementation and testing many times, we can make the
following comments:
- Solve problems:
+ Efficiency:
Problem: Initially, the system experienced slow response times at times due to high load.
Solution: After adjustments, system performance has improved significantly, response time has
been shortened and is more stable.
+ Stability:
Problem: Some users experience sudden system crashes.
Resolution: The modifications have improved stability, the system is now crash-free and operates
more smoothly.
+ Security:
Problem: Users are concerned about information security when using the system.
Resolution: By implementing necessary security measures, data trust and safety have been
improved, alleviating user concerns.
+ User experience:
Problem: Some users have difficulty using the interface.
Resolution: Improved user interface and enhanced user instructions have improved the user
experience.
+ Accuracy:
Problem: There are discrepancies between collected data and reality in some cases.
Resolution: Improved sensor calibration and periodic testing has helped improve data accuracy.

- What are the real problems solved?

The system has solved performance and stability problems, helping users access data more quickly
and smoothly.
Security improvements have helped users feel more secure when using the system.
Improved user interface makes it easier for users to interact and use the product.
Improving the accuracy of data collected has created more accurate information for users, helping
them make decisions based on reliable data.

4.2 Investigate the potential problems the IoT application might encounter when integrating into
the wider system.

- When integrating IoT applications into larger systems, there are several potential issues that may
arise, including:
+ Security:
Opening up to a multitude of IoT devices and data can create security vulnerabilities, making them
susceptible to attacks or breaches.
Risks of exposing personal information or critical data without sufficient security measures in
place.
+ Management and Monitoring:
Managing a large number of IoT devices can be complex and requires effective monitoring and
management systems.
The ability to track and locate IoT devices to ensure stable and efficient operation.
+ Compatibility and Connectivity:
Ensuring compatibility between various IoT devices and the overall system.
Addressing issues of connectivity failure and disconnection between devices and the system.
+ Maintenance and Upgrades:
Managing maintenance and upgrades for a multitude of IoT devices, especially when deployed in
complex and large-scale environments.
Ensuring that devices and software are always updated with the latest patches to prevent security
vulnerabilities and improve stability.
+ Data Management:
Processing and storing large volumes of data from IoT devices requires robust and efficient data
management systems.
Ensuring the integrity and availability of data within the system to meet analysis and decision-
making needs.
+ Energy Consumption and Resources:
Ensuring that the integration of IoT devices does not excessively increase energy consumption and
resource usage within the system.
Optimizing energy and resource usage to ensure maximum performance without impacting the
overall operation of the system.
4.3 Compare the final application with the original plan
- Comparing the initial plan with the final application, the differences are as follows, along with
the reasons:
- Initial Plan:
Objective:
Develop an IoT system to manage and monitor crops in agriculture.
Functional Requirements:
Collect data on moisture, pH levels, and other parameters of crops from sensors.
Automate care and irrigation processes based on collected data.
Provide a user interface for remote management and monitoring of crop status.
Development and Deployment:
Use IoT knowledge and corresponding technologies to develop the system.
Test and deploy the system on a small scale before scaling up.

- Final Application:
Performance Improvement:
The system has been optimized to reduce response time and enhance stability.
Enhanced Security Measures:
Strong security measures have been implemented to protect data and devices from potential
threats.
User Interface Optimization:
The user interface has been improved to increase visual appeal and ease of use.
Improved Data Management:
The data management system has been enhanced to process large volumes of data efficiently and
ensure data integrity.
Scalability and Deployment:
The system has been scaled up and deployed on a larger scale after verifying stability.
- Differences and Reasons:
Performance and Stability:
The initial plan may not have anticipated the extent of optimization and stability improvements
achieved through development and testing iterations.
Data Management and Security:
Increased awareness of the importance of data management and security may have arisen after
recognizing potential risks from integrating IoT into a larger system.
User Requirements Response:
Changes in the user interface and features may reflect adjustments to specific user requirements
following feedback loops.

4.4 Critically evaluate the overall success of the application including the potential impact of the
IoT application on people, business and society, and the end user.
- Assessing the overall success of the IoT application, including its potential impact on individuals,
businesses, and society as well as end users, can be summarized as follows:
- Impact on Individuals:
Convenience and Time Saving:
Users can manage and monitor crops remotely more easily, saving time and effort compared to
traditional farm visits.
Improved Quality of Life:
Automating crop care processes can lead to improved quality of life for individuals by increasing
agricultural productivity and reducing manual labor.
Reduced Natural Disaster Damage:
The system's ability to predict and respond quickly can help reduce damage caused by natural
factors such as droughts, floods, or storms.

- Impact on Businesses:
Increased Production Efficiency:
Using IoT to manage crops can enhance productivity and agricultural production efficiency.
Cost Reduction and Profit Increase:
Automating crop care processes can lower labor costs and increase profits for businesses.
Enhanced Management and Decision Making:
Data collected from IoT systems can provide in-depth analytical insights, helping businesses
improve management and make strategic decisions.
- Impact on Society:
Sustainability and Environmental Protection:
Implementing IoT in agriculture can enhance sustainability and environmental protection by
optimizing resource usage such as water and fertilizers.
Job Creation and Economic Development:
Developing and deploying IoT solutions in agriculture can create new job opportunities and
stimulate economic development in communities.

- Impact on End Users:

Convenience and Better User Experience:
End users can experience convenience and time savings from managing crops through the user-
friendly interface of the IoT application.
Data Security and Safety:
Data and device security through the IoT system helps end users feel confident and secure when
using the application.