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DC CIRCUITS - Second Order Circuits

Second order RLC circuits have both a natural response and a forced response when subjected to an input. The complete circuit response is the sum of these two responses. The natural response is described by a general differential equation, and the solutions depend on whether the RLC circuit is series or parallel. Initial conditions are determined by requiring continuity of inductor current and capacitor voltage. The example problem finds the current response over time for a series RLC circuit by adding the natural and forced responses and solving for unknown coefficients using the initial conditions.

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Will Tedjo
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90 views

DC CIRCUITS - Second Order Circuits

Second order RLC circuits have both a natural response and a forced response when subjected to an input. The complete circuit response is the sum of these two responses. The natural response is described by a general differential equation, and the solutions depend on whether the RLC circuit is series or parallel. Initial conditions are determined by requiring continuity of inductor current and capacitor voltage. The example problem finds the current response over time for a series RLC circuit by adding the natural and forced responses and solving for unknown coefficients using the initial conditions.

Uploaded by

Will Tedjo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Second Order Circuits

Introduction
Response of RLC Circuits

The complete response of the circuit is the sum of the natural response
and the forced response.
The Natural Response
Series RLC Circuit Parallel RLC Circuit
General Equation

d 2x dx
2
+ 2  +  0 x =0
2

dt dt

Series RLC Circuit Parallel RLC Circuit

R 1 1 1
= 0 = = 0 =
2L LC 2 RC LC
General Solution

x = A1e s1t + A2 e s2t


dx
= A1s1e s1t + A2 s2 e s2t
dt
s1, 2 = −   2 −  0
2

x = e −t ( A1t + A2 )

= e −t ( A1 −  ( A1t + A2 ) )
dx
dt

x = e −t ( A1 cos d t + A2 sin d t )

= e −t (( A2d − A1 ) cos d t − ( A1d + A2 ) sin d t )


dx
dt
d = 0 2 −  2
Finding Initial Values

The capacitor voltage is always continuous

The inductor current is always continuous


Equivalent circuit

𝑡 = 0− 𝑡 = 0+
𝑡 = 0−

As the inductor current and the capacitor voltage cannot change


abruptly
𝑡 = 0+
The same current flows through
both the inductor and capacitor
Example

1 Find 𝑖 𝑡 for 𝑡 > 0

𝑖(𝑡)
The forced response

𝑡→∞
𝑖(∞)
𝑖 ∞ = 10 A

𝑖𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑖 ∞ = 10 A
The natural response

𝑅 (200 + 50)
𝛼= = = 25
2𝐿 2 (5)
1 1 100
𝜔0 = = = = 20
𝐿𝐶 5 500 ∙ 10 −6 5

𝛼 > 𝜔0 ⇒ Overdamped

𝑠1,2 = −𝛼 ± 𝛼 2 − 𝜔02 = −25 ± 625 − 400 = −25 ± 15

𝑠1 = −10 𝑠2 = −40

𝑖𝑛 𝑡 = 𝐴1 𝑒 −10𝑡 + 𝐴2 𝑒 −40𝑡 A
The initial values

𝑡 = 0−

𝑖 0− = 10 A
𝑖(0− )
𝑖𝐿 0− = 𝑖 0− = 10 A

𝑣𝐶 0− = 100 V

𝑖𝐿 (0− ) 𝑣𝐶 (0− )
𝑡 = 0+
𝑖𝐿 0+ = 𝑖𝐿 0− = 10 A
𝑣𝐶 0+ = 𝑣𝐶 0− = 100 V
𝑖(0+ )

𝑖 0+ = 𝑖𝐿 0+ = 10 A
𝑖𝐿 0+ = 10 A
+ −
𝑣𝐿 0+
− + 𝑣𝐶 0+ = 100 V

𝑑𝑖(0+ ) 𝑑𝑖𝐿 (0+ ) 𝑣𝐿 (0+ )


= =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐿
𝑖(0+ )

𝑖𝐿 0+ = 10 A
𝑖𝐶 0 +
+ −
𝑣𝐿 0+ 𝑣𝐶 0+ = 100 V
− +

50 𝑖 0+ + 𝑣𝐿 0+ + 𝑣𝐶 0+ + 200 𝑖𝐶 0+ = 0

50 10 + 𝑣𝐿 0+ + 100 + 200 0 = 0 𝑑𝑖(0+ ) 𝑣𝐿 (0+ ) −600


= =
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 5
𝑣𝐿 0+ = −600 V
𝑑𝑖(0+ )
= −120 A/s
𝑑𝑡
The complete response

𝑖 𝑡 = 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 + 𝑖𝑛 (𝑡)

𝑖 𝑡 = 10 + 𝐴1 𝑒 −10𝑡 + 𝐴2 𝑒 −40𝑡 A
𝑑𝑖(𝑡)
= −10 𝐴1 𝑒 −10𝑡 − 40 𝐴2 𝑒 −40𝑡 A/s
𝑑𝑡
𝑡 = 0+ 𝑖 0+ = 10 + 𝐴1 + 𝐴2
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 = 0 (1)
10 = 10 + 𝐴1 + 𝐴2
𝑑𝑖(0+ )
= −10 𝐴1 − 40 𝐴2
𝑑𝑡 𝐴1 + 4 𝐴2 = 12 (2)
−120 = −10 𝐴1 − 40 𝐴2

From equation (1) and (2) : 𝐴1 = −4 𝐴2 = 4


𝑖 𝑡 = 10 − 4 𝑒 −10𝑡 + 4 𝑒 −40𝑡 A (𝑡 > 0)

The additional note

10 A 𝑡<0
𝑖 𝑡 =ቊ
10 − 4 𝑒 −10𝑡 + 4 𝑒 −40𝑡 A 𝑡>0
12

11

10

6
-0.5 0 0.5 1

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