CHAPTER – 11

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
Exercise – 11.1
Page No 11.43:
Question 1: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(1 − cos2 A) cosec2 A = 1

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos² 𝐴 = 1
NO A D
CO N
A
So,

PY
(1 − cos2 A) cosec2 A = sin2 𝐴 + cosec² 𝐴
DO U A
T
= (sin 𝐴 cosec 𝐴)2
ED PR

1 2
= (sin 𝐴 × )
sin 𝐴
C

= (1)2
©

=1

Page No 11.43:
Question 2: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(1 + cot2 A) sin2 A = 1
ANSWER:
We know that, cosec 2 𝐴 − cot 2 𝐴 = 1
So,
(1 + cot2 A) sin2 A = cosec 2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴
 = (cosec 𝐴 sin 𝐴)2
1 2
=( × sin 𝐴)
sin 𝐴

= (1)2
=1
Page No 11.43:
Question 3: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

T IO S
tan2θ cos2θ = 1 − cos2θ

I
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1.

PY
DO U A
So,
T
ED PR

tan2θ cos2θ = (tan 𝜃 × cos 𝜃 )2

sin 𝜃 2
=( × cos 𝜃)
C

cos 𝜃
©

= (sin 𝜃 )2
= sin2 𝜃
= 1 − cos 2 𝜃

Page No 11.43:
Question 4: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

cosec θ√1 − cos2 θ = 1

ANSWER:
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
So,
cosec θ√1 − cos2 θ = cosec θ√sin2 θ
= cosec θsin θ
1
= × sin θ
sin θ

=1

T IO S
Page No 11.43:

I
NO A D
Question 5: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

CO N
A
(sec2 θ − 1) (cosec2 θ − 1) = 1

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

We know that,
sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1,
C

cosec 2 𝜃 − cot 2 𝜃 = 1
©

So,
(sec2 θ − 1) (cosec2 θ − 1) = tan2 𝜃 × cot 2 𝜃
= (tan 𝜃 × cot 𝜃 )2
1 2
= (tan 𝜃 × )
tan 𝜃

= (1)2
=1

Page No 11.43:
Question 6: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1
tan θ + = sec θ cosec θ
tan θ

ANSWER:
We know that, sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
So,
1 tan2 θ+1
tan θ + =

T IO S
tan θ tan θ

I
sec2 θ

NO A D =
tan θ

CO N
A
sec θ
= sec θ +
tan θ

PY
DO U A
1
cos θ
T
= sec θ + sec θ
ED PR

tan θ

1
= sec θ +
sin θ
C
©

= sec θ cosec θ

Page No 11.43:
Question 7: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

cos θ 1+sin θ
=
1−sin θ cos θ

ANSWER:
We know that, sin2 𝜃 − cos2 𝜃 = 1
Multiplying both numerator and the denominator by (1 + sin 𝜃 ), we have
 cos θ cos θ(1+sin 𝜃)
= (1−sin
1−sin θ 𝜃)−(1+sin 𝜃)
cos θ(1+sin 𝜃)
= (1−sin2 𝜃)
cos θ(1+sin 𝜃)
=
cos2 𝜃
1+sin 𝜃
=
cos θ

T IO S
Page No 11.43:

I
NO A D
Question 8: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

CO N
A
cos θ 1−sin θ
=

PY
DO U A
1+sin θ cos θ
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

We know that, sin2 𝜃 − cos2 𝜃 = 1

Multiplying the both numerator and the denominator by (1 + sin 𝜃 ), we
C
©

have
cos θ cos θ(1−sin 𝜃)
= (1+sin
1+sin θ 𝜃)−(1−sin 𝜃)
cos θ(1−sin 𝜃)
= (1−sin2 𝜃)
cos θ(1−sin 𝜃)
=
cos2 𝜃
1−sin 𝜃
=
cos θ

Page No 11.43:
Question 9: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
 1
cos2 A + =1
1+cot2 A

ANSWER:
We know that,
sin2 𝐴 − cos2 𝐴 = 1,
cosec 2 𝐴 − cot 2 𝐴 = 1
So,

T IO S
1 1
cos2 A + = cos2 A +
1+cot2 A cosec2 𝐴

I
NO A D 2 1 2

CO N
= cos A + ( )
cosec2 𝐴
A
= cos2 A + (sin 𝐴)2

PY
DO U A

= cos2 A + sin2 𝐴
T
ED PR

=1
C
©

Page No 11.43:
Question 10: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1
sin2 A + =1
1+tan2 A

ANSWER:
We know that,
sin2 𝐴 − cos2 𝐴 = 1,
sec 2 𝐴 − tan2 𝐴 = 1
So,
 1 1
sin2 A + = sin2 A +
1+tan2 A sec2 𝐴

1 2
2
= sin A + ( )
sec 𝐴

= sin2 A + (cos2 A)2

= sin2 A + cos2 A
=1

T IO S I
Page No 11.43:
NO A D
CO N
Question 11: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
A
1−cos θ
√ = cosec θ − cot θ

PY
1+cos θ
DO U A

ANSWER:
T
ED PR

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

Multiplying numerator and denominator under the square root by (1 −
C

cos θ) , we have
©

1−cos θ (1−cos θ)(1−cos θ)

√ = √(1+cos
1+cos θ θ)(1−cos θ)

(1−cos θ)2
=√
1−cos2 θ

(1−cos θ)2
=√
sin2 θ

1−cos θ
=
sin θ
1 cos θ
= −
sin θ sin θ

= cosec θ − cot θ
 Page No 11.43:
Question 12: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1−cos θ sin θ
=
sin θ 1+cos θ

ANSWER:
1−cos θ sin θ
We have to prove = .
sin θ 1+cos θ

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

T IO S I
Multiplying both numerator and denominator by (1 + cos θ), we have
NO A D
CO N
1−cos 𝜃 (1−cos θ)(1+cos θ)
=
A
sin θ sin θ(1+cos θ)

PY
1−cos2 𝜃
DO U A
=
sin θ(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
T
ED PR

sin2 𝜃
=
sin θ(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
C

sin θ
=
©

1+cos θ

Page No 11.44:
Question 13: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

sin θ
= cosec θ + cot θ
1−cos θ

ANSWER:
sin θ
We have to prove = cosec θ + cot θ.
1−cos θ

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

Multiplying both numerator and denominator by (1 + cos θ), we have
 sin θ sin θ(1+cos θ)
= (1−cos
1−cos θ θ)(1+cos θ)
sin θ(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
=
1−cos2 𝜃
sin θ(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
=
sin2 𝜃
1+cos θ
=
sin θ
1 cos θ
= +

T IO S
sin θ sin θ

= cosec θ + cot θ

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.44:

PY
DO U A
Question 14: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
T
ED PR

1−sin θ
= (sec θ − tan θ)2
1+sin θ
C

ANSWER:
©

1−sin θ
We have to prove = (sec θ − tan θ)2
1+sin θ

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1.

Multiplying both numerator and denominator by (1 − sin θ), we have

1−sin θ (1−sin θ)(1−sin θ)
= (1+sin
1+sin θ θ)(1−sin θ)

(1−sin θ)2
= (1−sin2
θ)

1−sin θ 2
=( )
cos θ
 1 sin θ 2
=( + )
cos θ cos θ

= (sec θ + tan θ)2

Page No 11.44:
Question 15: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(1+cot2 θ) tan θ

T IO S
= cot θ
sec2 θ

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
(1+cot2 θ) tan θ
A
We have to prove = cot θ
sec2 θ

PY
DO U A
We know that, sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
T
ED PR

So,
(1+cot2 θ) tan θ (1+cot2 θ) tan θ
=
C

sec2 θ (1+tan2 θ)
©

1
(1+ ) tan θ
tan2 θ
= (1+tan2 θ)

tan2 θ+1
( ) tan θ
tan2 θ
= (1+tan2 θ)

(1+tan2 θ) tan θ
=
tan2 θ(1+tan2 θ)
1
=
tan θ

= cot θ
 Page No 11.44:
Question 16: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

tan2θ − sin2θ = tan2θ sin2θ

ANSWER:
We have to prove tan2θ − sin2θ = tan2θ sin2θ
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

T IO S
So,

I
sin2 θ
NO A D
tan θ − sin θ =
2 2
− sin2 θ

CO N
cos2 θ
A
sin2 θ−sin2 θcos2 θ
=

PY
cos2 θ
DO U A

sin2 θ(1−cos2 θ)
T
=
ED PR

cos2 θ
sin2 θsin2 θ
=
cos2 θ
C

sin2 θ
©

= sin2 θ
cos2 θ

= tan2 θ sin2 θ

Page No 11.44:
Question 17: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(cosec θ + sin θ) (cosec θ − sin θ) = cot2 θ + cos2θ

ANSWER:
We have to prove (cosec θ + sin θ) (cosec θ − sin θ) = cot2 θ + cos2θ
We know that,
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1,
cosec 2 θ − cot 2 θ = 1
So,
(cosec θ + sin θ) (cosec θ − sin θ) = cosec 2 θ + sin2 θ
= (1 + cot 2 θ) − (1 − cos2 θ)
= 1 + cot 2 θ − 1 + cos 2 θ
= cot 2 θ + cos2 θ

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 11.44:
A
Question 18: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

PY
DO U A
T
(sec θ + cos θ)(sec θ − cos θ) = tan2θ + sin2θ
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

We have to prove (sec θ + cos θ)(sec θ − cos θ) = tan2θ + sin2θ

©

We know that,
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1,
sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
(sec θ + cos θ)(sec θ − cos θ) = sec 2 θ − cos2 θ
= (1 + tan2 θ) − (1 − sin2 θ)
= (1 + tan2 θ) − (1 − sin2 θ)
= 1 + tan2 θ − 1 + sin2 θ
= tan2 θ + sin2 θ
 Page No 11.44:
Question 19: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

secA (1 − sinA) (secA + tanA) = 1

ANSWER:
We have to prove secA (1 − sinA) (secA + tanA) = 1
We know that, sec 2 A − tan2 A = 1

T IO S
So,

I
NO A D
secA (1 − sinA) (secA + tanA) = {secA (1 − sinA)}(secA + tanA)

CO N
A
= (secA − secA sinA)(secA + tanA)

PY
1
DO U A
= (secA − sinA) (secA + tanA)
cosA
T
ED PR

sinA
= (secA − ) (secA + tanA)
cosA

= (secA − tanA)(secA + tanA)

C
©

= sec 2 A − tan2 A
=1

Page No 11.44:
Question 20: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(cosecA − sinA)(secA − cosA)(tanA + cotA) = 1

ANSWER:
We have to prove (cosecA − sinA)(secA − cosA)(tanA + cotA) = 1
We know that, sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
So,
(cosecA − sinA)(secA − cosA)(tanA + cotA)
1 1 sinA
= ( − sinA) ( − cosA) ( −
sinA cosA cosA
cosA
)
sinA
1−sin2 A 1−cos2 A sin2 A+cos2 A
=( )( )( )

T IO S
sinA cosA sinAcosA
cos2 A sin2 A

I
1
=( )( )( )
NO A D sinA cosA sinAcosA

CO N
sin2 Acos2 A
A
=
sin2 Acos2 A

PY
DO U A
=1
T
ED PR

Page No 11.44:
C

Question 21: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

©

(1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = 1

ANSWER:
We have to prove (1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = 1
We know that,
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1,
sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
So,
(1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = (1 + tan2θ) (1 – sin θ) (1 + sin θ)
= (1 + tan2θ) (1 + sin2 θ)
 = sec 2 θ cos2 θ
1
= cos2 θ
cos2 θ

=1

Page No 11.44:
Question 22: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

T IO S
sin2 A cot2 A + cos2 A tan2 A = 1

I
ANSWER: NO A D
CO N
A
We have to prove sin2 A cot2 A + cos2 A tan2 A = 1

PY
DO U A
We know that, sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
T
ED PR

So,
cos2 A sin2 A
sin2 A cot2 A + cos2 A tan2 A = sin2 A + cos2 A
sin2 A cos2 A
C
©

= cos2 A + sin2 A
=1

Page No 11.44:
Question 23: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

2 cos2 θ−1
(i) cot θ − tan θ =
sin θ cos θ

2 sin2 θ−1
(ii) tan θ − cot θ =
sin θ cos θ
 sin A−2sin3 A
(iii) = tan A
2 cos3 A−cos A

ANSWER:
2 cos2 θ−1
(i) We have to prove cot θ − tan θ =
sin θ cos θ

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

So,

T IO S
cos θ sin θ
cot θ − tan θ = −

I
sin θ cos θ

NO A D cos2 θ−sin2 θ

CO N
=
A
sin θ cos θ

PY
cos2 θ−(1−cos2 θ)
DO U A
=
sin θ cos θ
T
cos2 θ−1+cos2 θ
ED PR

=
sin θ cos θ
2 cos2 θ−1
=
C

sin θ cos θ
©

2 sin2 θ−1
(ii) We have to prove tan θ − cot θ =
sin θ cos θ

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

So,
sin θ cos θ
tan θ − cot θ = −
cos θ sin θ
sin2 θ−cos2 θ
=
sin θ cos θ
sin2 θ−(1−sin2 θ)
=
sin θ cos θ
 sin2 θ−1+sin2 θ
=
sin θ cos θ
2 sin2 θ−1
=
sin θ cos θ

(iii) Given
sin A−2sin3 A
= tan A
2 cos3 A−cos A
sinA−2sin3 A
LHS =
2cos3 A−cosA

T IO S
sinA (1−2sin2 A)
=

I
cosA (2cos2 A−1)

NO A D
(sin2 A+cos2 A−2 sin2 A)

CO N
= tanA (2 (∵ sin2 A + cos2 A = 1)
A
cos2 A−sin2 A−cos2 A)

PY
cos2 A− sin2 A
DO U A
= tanA ( )
cos2 A− sin2 A
T
ED PR

= tanA
= RHS
C

Hence proved.
©

Page No 11.44:
Question 24: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

cos2 θ
− cosec θ + sin θ = 0
sin θ

ANSWER:
cos2 θ
We have to prove − cosec θ + sin θ = 0
sin θ

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

So,
cos2 θ cos2 θ
− cosec θ + sin θ = ( − cosec θ) + sin θ
sin θ sin θ
cos2 θ 1
=( − ) + sin θ
sin θ sin θ
cos2 θ−1
=( ) + sin θ
sin θ
−sin2 θ
=( ) + sin θ
sin θ

= −sin2 θ + sin θ

T IO S
=0

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.44:

PY
DO U A
Question 25: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
T
ED PR

1 1
+ = 2 sec 2 A
1+sinA 1−sinA
C

ANSWER:
©

1 1
We have to prove + = 2 sec 2 A
1+sinA 1−sinA

We know that, sin2 A + cos2 A = 1

So,
1 1 (1−sinA)+(1+sinA)
+ = (1+sinA)(1−sinA)
1+sinA 1−sinA
1−sin 𝐴+1+sin 𝐴
=
1−sin2 𝐴
2
=
cos2 𝐴

= 2 sec 2 𝐴
 Page No 11.44:
Question 26: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1+sin θ cos θ
+ = 2 sec θ
cos θ 1+sin θ

ANSWER:
1+sin θ cos θ
We have to prove + = 2 sec θ

T IO S
cos θ 1+sin θ

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

I
NO A D
Multiplying the denominator and numerator of the second term

CO N
A
by (1 − sinθ), we have

PY
DO U A
1+sin θ cos θ 1+sin θ cos θ(1−sinθ)
+ = + (1+sinθ)(1−sinθ)
cos θ 1+sin θ cos θ
T
ED PR

1+sin θ cos θ(1−sinθ)

= +
cos θ 1−sin2 θ
1+sin θ cos θ(1−sinθ)
C

= +
cos θ cos2 θ
©

1+sin θ 1−sinθ
= +
cos θ cos θ
1+sin θ+1−sinθ
=
cos θ
2
=
cos θ

= 2 sec θ

Page No 11.44:
Question 27: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(1+sinθ)2 +(1− sinθ)2 1+sin2 θ

=
2 cos2 θ 1−sin2 θ
ANSWER:
(1+sinθ)2 +(1− sinθ)2 1+sin2 θ
We have to prove that = .
2 cos2 θ 1−sin2 θ

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

So,
(1+sinθ)2 +(1− sinθ)2 (1+2 sinθ+sin2 θ)+(1+2 sinθ+sin2 θ)
=
2 cos2 θ 2 cos2 θ
1+2 sinθ+sin2 θ+1+2 sinθ+sin2 θ

T IO S
=
2 cos2 θ

I
2+2 sin2 θ
NO A D =
2 cos2 θ

CO N
A
2 (1+sin2 θ)
=

PY
2 (1−sin2 θ)
DO U A

1+sin2 θ
T
=
ED PR

1−sin2 θ
C

Page No 11.44:
©

Question 28: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1+tan2 θ 1−tanθ 2
=( ) = tan2 θ
1+cot2 θ 1−cotθ

ANSWER:
1+tan2 θ 1−tanθ 2
We have to prove =( ) = tan2 θ
1+cot2 θ 1−cotθ

Consider the expression

1+tan2 θ 1+tan2 θ
= 1
1+cot2 θ 1+
tan2 θ

1+tan2 θ
= tan2 θ+1
tan2 θ
 2 1+tan2 θ
= tan θ
1+tan2 θ

= tan2 θ
Again, we have

2
1−tanθ 2 1−tanθ
( ) =( 1 )
1−cotθ 1−tanθ

T IO S
1+tanθ
=

I
tanθ+1
tanθ

NO A D
CO N
1+tanθ
= tan2 θ
A
tanθ−1

PY
= tan2 θ(−1)2
DO U A
T
= tan2 θ
ED PR
C

Page No 11.44:
©

Question 29: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1+secθ sin2 θ
=
secθ 1−cosθ

ANSWER:
1+secθ sin2 θ
We have to prove =
secθ 1−cosθ

We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

1
1+secθ 1+cosθ
= 1
secθ
cosθ
cosθ+1
cosθ
= 1
cosθ
 1+cosθ
=
1

Multiplying the numerator and denominator by (1 − cosθ), we have

1+secθ (1+cosθ)(1−cosθ)
= (1−cosθ)
secθ

1−cos2 θ
=
1−cos2 θ
sin2 θ
=
1−cos2 θ

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 11.44:

CO N
A
Question 30: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

PY
tanθ cotθ
+ = 1 + tanθ + cotθ
DO U A
1−cotθ 1−tanθ
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

tanθ cotθ
We need to prove + = 1 + tanθ + cotθ
©

1−cotθ 1−tanθ
1
Now, using cotθ = in the L.H.S, we get
tanθ
1
tanθ cotθ tanθ (tanθ)
+ = 1 +
1−cotθ 1−tanθ (1−tanθ) 1−tanθ

tanθ 1
= tanθ−1 +
( tanθ ) tanθ(1−tanθ)

tanθ 1
=( ) (tanθ) +
tanθ−1 tanθ(1−tanθ)

tan2 θ 1
= −
tanθ−1 tanθ(tanθ−1)

tan2 θ−1
=
tanθ(tanθ−1)
Further using the identity 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) we get
tan2 θ−1 (tanθ−1)(tan2 θ−tanθ+1)
=
tanθ(tanθ−1) tanθ(tanθ−1)

tan2 θ+tanθ+1
=
tanθ
tan2 θ tanθ 1
= + +
tanθ tanθ tanθ

= tanθ + 1 + cotθ

T IO S
tanθ cotθ
Hence + = 1 + tanθ + cotθ

I
1−cotθ 1−tanθ

NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.44:

PY
DO U A
Question 31: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
T
ED PR

sec6θ = tan6θ + 3 tan2θ sec2θ + 1

ANSWER:
C

We need to prove sec6θ = tan6θ + 3 tan2θ sec2θ + 1

©

Solving the L.H.S, we get

𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 𝜃 = (sec 2 𝜃 )3
= (1 + tan2 𝜃 )3
Further using the identity (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 , we get
(1 + tan2 𝜃 )3 = 1 + tan6 𝜃 + 3(1)2 (tan2 𝜃 ) + 3(1)(tan2 𝜃 )2
= 1 + tan6 𝜃 + 3 tan2 𝜃 + 3 tan4 𝜃
= 1 + tan6 𝜃 + 3 tan2 𝜃 (1 + tan2 𝜃 )
= 1 + tan6 𝜃 + 3 tan2 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃
(using 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃 )
Hence proved.

Page No 11.44:
Question 32: Prove the following trigonometric identities

T IO S
cosec6θ = cot6θ + 3 cot2θ cosec2θ + 1

I
NO A D
ANSWER:

CO N
We need to prove cosec6θ = cot6θ + 3 cot2θ cosec2θ + 1
A

PY
Solving the L.H.S, we get
DO U A
T
cosec 6 𝜃 = (cosec 6 𝜃 )3
ED PR

= (1 + cot 2 𝜃 )3 (1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 6 𝜃 )

Further using the identity (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 , we get
C
©

(1 + cot 2 𝜃 )3 = 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3(1)2 (cot 2 𝜃 ) + 3(1)(cot 2 𝜃 )2

= 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3 cot 2 𝜃 + 3 cot 4 𝜃
= 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3 cot 2 𝜃 (1 + cot 2 𝜃 )
= 1 + cot 6 𝜃 + 3 cot 2 𝜃 cosec 2 𝜃
(using 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃 )
Hence proved.

Page No 11.44:
Question 33: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(1+tan2 θ) cotθ
= tanθ
cosec2 θ

ANSWER:
(1+tan2 θ) cotθ
We need to prove = tanθ
cosec2 θ

Solving the L.H.S, we get

T IO S
(1+tan2 θ) cotθ sec2 θ cotθ
=
cosec2 θ cosec2 θ

I
NO A D
Using sec 𝜃 =
1
, cot 𝜃 =
cos 𝜃
and cosec 𝜃 =
1

CO N
, we get
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
A
1 cos 𝜃
( )

PY
sec2 θ cotθ cos2 𝜃 sin 𝜃
DO U A
= 1
cosec2 θ
sin2 𝜃
T
ED PR

1
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
= 1
sin2 𝜃
C

sin2 𝜃
©

=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃

= tan 𝜃
Hence proved.

Page No 11.44:
Question 34: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1+cosA 1
=
sin2 A 1−cosA
ANSWER:
1+cosA 1
We need to prove =
sin2 A 1−cosA

Using the property cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1, we get

1+cosA 1+cosA
LHS = =
sin2 A 1−cos2 A

Further using the identity, 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

1+cosA 1+cosA
= (1−cosA)(1+cosA)

T IO S
1−cos2 A

I
1
=
NO A D 1−cosA

CO N
A
= RHS

PY
Hence proved.
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 11.44:
C

Question 35: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

©

secA−tanA cos2 A
= (1+sinA)2
secA+tanA

ANSWER:
secA−tanA cos2 A
We need to prove = (1+sinA)2
secA+tanA

Here, we will first solve the LHS.

1 sin 𝜃
Now, using sec 𝜃 = and tan 𝜃 = , we get
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 sin 𝐴
secA−tanA −
cosA cos 𝐴
= 1 sin 𝐴
secA+tanA +
cosA cos 𝐴
 1−sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴
= 1+sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴

1−sin 𝐴
=
1+sin 𝐴

Further, multiplying both numerator and denominator by 1 + sin 𝐴, we

get
1−sin 𝐴 1−sin 𝐴 1+sin 𝐴
=( )( )
1+sin 𝐴 1+sin 𝐴 1+sin 𝐴

T IO S
(1−sin 𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
= (1−sin 𝐴)2

I
NO A D1−sin2 𝐴

CO N
= (1−sin
A
𝐴)2

Now, using the property cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1, we get

PY
DO U A

So,
T
ED PR

1−sin2 𝐴 cos2 A
(1−sin 𝐴)2
= (1+sinA)2
= RHS
C

Hence proved.
©

Page No 11.44:
Question 36: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
1+cos A sin A
=
sin A 1−cos A

ANSWER:
1+cos A sin A
We need to prove =
sin A 1−cos A

Now, multiplying the numerator and denominator of LHS by 1 − cos A,

we get
1+cos A 1+cos A 1−cos A
= ×
sin A sin A 1−cos A
Further using the identity, 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get
1+cos A 1−cos A 1−cos2 A
× =
sin A 1−cos A sin A(1−cos A)

sin2 A
= (using sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)
sin A(1−cos A)
sin A
=
1−cos A

Hence proved.

T IO S
Page No 11.44:

I
Question 37: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
NO A D
CO N
A
1+sin A
(i) √ = sec A + tan A

PY
DO U A
1−sin A
T
ED PR

1−cos A
(ii) √ = cosec A − cot A
1+cos A
C

ANSWER:
©

1+sin A
(i) We need to prove √ = sec A + tan A
1−sin A

Here, rationalizing the L.H.S, we get

1+sin A 1+sin A 1+sin A
√ =√ ×√
1−sin A 1−sin A 1+sin A

(1+sin A)2
=√
1−sin2 A

Further using the property, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

So,
 (1+sin A)2 (1+sin A)2
√ =√
1−sin2 A cos2 A

1+sin 𝐴
=
cos 𝐴
1 sin 𝐴
= +
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴

= sec 𝐴 + tan 𝐴
Hence proved.

T IO S
1−cos A
(ii) We need to prove √ = cosec A + cot A

I
1+cos A
NO A D
CO N
Here, rationalizing the L.H.S, we get
A

PY
1−cos A 1−cos A 1−cos A
DO U A
√ =√ ×√
1+cos A 1+cos A 1−cos A
T
ED PR

(1−cos A)2
=√
1−cos2 A
C

Further using the property, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

©

So,
(1−cos A)2 (1−cos A)2
√ =√
1−cos2 A sin2 A
1−cos 𝐴
=
sin 𝐴
1 cos 𝐴
= −
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴

= cosec A − cot A
Hence proved.

Page No 11.44:
Question 38: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

sec θ−1 sec θ+1

(i) √ +√ = 2 cosec θ
sec θ+1 sec θ−1

1+sin θ 1−sin θ
(ii) √ +√ = 2 sec θ
1−sin θ 1+sin θ

1+cos θ 1−cos θ
(iii) √ +√ = 2 cosec θ
1−cos θ 1+cos θ
sin θ 2

T IO S
sec θ−1
(iv) =( )
sec θ+1 1+cos θ

I
sinθ+1−cosθ 1+sinθ
(v)
NO A D
cosθ−1+sinθ
=
cosθ

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
(i) We have,
T
ED PR

sec θ−1 sec θ+1 sec θ−1 sec θ+1

√ +√ =√ +√
sec θ+1 sec θ−1 sec θ+1 sec θ−1
C

√sec θ−1√sec θ−1+√sec θ+1√sec θ+1

=
©

√sec θ+1√sec θ−1

2 2
(√sec θ−1) (√sec θ+1)
=
√sec θ+1√sec θ−1
sec θ−1+sec θ+1
=
√sec2 θ−1
2 sec θ
=
√tan2 θ
2 sec θ
=
tan θ
1
2cos θ
= sin θ
cos θ

1
=2
sin θ
 = 2 cosec θ
(ii) We have,
1+sin θ 1−sin θ 1+sin θ 1−sin θ
√ +√ =√ +√
1−sin θ 1+sin θ 1−sin θ 1+sin θ

√1+sin θ√1+sin θ+√1−sin θ√1−sin θ

=
√1−sin θ√1+sin θ
2 2
(√1+sin θ) (√1−sin θ)
=
√1−sin θ√1+sin θ

T IO S
1+sin θ+1−sin θ

I
=
√1−sin2 θ
NO A D
CO N
2
=
A
√cos2 θ

PY
2
DO U A
=
cos θ
T
ED PR

= 2 sec θ
(iii) We have,
C
©

1+cos θ 1−cos θ 1+cos θ 1−cos θ

√ +√ =√ +√
1−cos θ 1+cos θ 1−cos θ 1+cos θ

√1+cos θ√1+cos θ+√1−cos θ√1−cos θ

=
√1−cos θ√1+cos θ
2 2
(√1+cos θ) (√1−cos θ)
=
√1−cos θ√1+cos θ
1+cos θ+1−cos θ
=
√1−cos2 θ
2
=
√sin2 θ
2
=
sin θ

= 2 cosec θ
(iv) We have,
1
sec θ−1 cos θ
−1
= 1
sec θ+1 +1
cos θ
1−cos θ
cos θ
= 1+cos θ
cos θ

1−cos θ
=
1+cos θ

T IO S
Multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by (1 + cos θ), we
have

I
NO A D
sec θ−1 (1−cos θ)(1+cos θ)

CO N
= (1+cos
A
sec θ+1 θ)(1+cos θ)

(1−cos2 θ)

PY
DO U A
= (1+cos θ)2
T
sin2 θ
ED PR

= (1+cos
θ)2

sin θ 2
C

=( )
1+cos θ
©

(v) We have,
sinθ+1−cosθ sinθ+(1−cosθ)
=
cosθ−1+sinθ sinθ−(1−cosθ)

Multiplying both the numerator and the denominator by sinθ +

(1 − cosθ), we have
sinθ+1−cosθ {sinθ+(1−cosθ)}{sinθ+(1−cosθ)}
= {sinθ−(1−cosθ)}{sinθ+(1−cosθ)}
cosθ−1+sinθ

{sinθ+(1−cosθ)}2
= {sin2
θ−(1−cosθ)2 }

sinθ+2sinθ(1−cosθ)+(1−cosθ)2
=
sin2 θ−(1−2 cosθ+ cos2 θ)
 sin2 θ+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ+(1−2 cos θ+cos2 θ)
=
sin2 θ−(sin2 θ+cos2 θ−2 cos θ+cos2 θ)

(sin2 θ+cos2 θ)+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ+1−2 cos θ

=
−2 cos2 θ+2 cos θ
1+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ−2 cos θ
=
−2 cos2 θ+2 cos θ
2+2 sin θ−2 sin θ cos θ−2 cos θ
=
−2 cos θ(1−cosθ)
2(1+sin θ)−2 cos θ(sin θ+1)
=

T IO S
2 cos θ(cosθ−1)

I
(1+sin θ)(2−2 cos θ)
=
NO A D 2 cos θ(1−cosθ)

CO N
A
2(1+sin θ)(1−cos θ)
=
2 cos θ(1−cosθ)

PY
DO U A
1+sin θ
=
T
cos θ
ED PR

Page No 11.45:
C
©

Question 39: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1−sin A
(sec A − tan A)2 =
1+sin A

ANSWER:
1−sin A
We need to prove (sec A − tan A)2 =
1+sin A

Here, we will first solve the L.H.S.

1 sin 𝜃
Now, using sec 𝜃 = and tan 𝜃 = , we get
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃

1 sin 𝐴 2
(sec A − tan A)2 = ( − )
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
 1−sin 𝐴 2
=( )
cos 𝐴
(1−sin 𝐴)2
= (cos 𝐴)2

Further using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

So,
(1−sin 𝐴)2 (1−sin 𝐴)2
(cos 𝐴)2
=
1−sin 𝐴

T IO S
(1−sin 𝐴)2
= (1−sin (Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏))

I
𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)

NO A D
CO N
1−sin 𝐴
=
A
1+sin 𝐴

PY
Hence proved.
DO U A
T Page No 11.45:
ED PR

Question 40: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

C

1−cos A
= (cot A − cosec A)2
©

1+cos A

ANSWER:
1−cos A
We need to prove = (cot A − cosec A)2
1+cos A

Now, rationalizing the L.H.S, we get

1−cos A 1−cos A 1−cos A
=( )( )
1+cos A 1+cos A 1−cos A
(1−cos A)2
= (Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏))
1−cos2 A
1+cos2 A−2 cos 𝐴
= (using sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃 )
sin2 A
1 cos2 A 2 cos 𝐴
= + −
sin2 A sin2 A sin2 A
 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
Using cosec 𝜃 = and cot 𝜃 = , we get
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1 cos2 A 2 cos 𝐴
+ − = cosec 2 𝐴 + cot 2 𝐴 − 2 cot 𝐴 cosec 𝐴
sin2 A sin2 A sin2 A

= (cot 𝐴 − cosec 𝐴)2

(Using (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏)
Hence proved.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 11.45:

CO N
A
Question 41: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

PY
DO U A

1 1
T
+ = 2 cosecA cotA
ED PR

secA−1 secA+1

ANSWER:
C

1 1
We need to prove + = 2 cosecA cotA
©

secA−1 secA+1

Solving the L.H.S, we get

1 1 secA+1+secA−1
+ = (secA−1)(secA+1)
secA−1 secA+1
2 sec 𝐴
=
sec2 𝐴−1

Further using the property 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃, we get

So,
2 sec 𝐴 2 sec 𝐴
=
sec2 𝐴−1 tan2 𝐴
1
2(cos 𝐴)
= sin2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴
 1 cos2 𝐴
=2 ×
cos 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
cos 𝐴 1
= 2( )×
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴

= 2 cosec 𝐴 cot 𝐴
Hence proved.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 11.45:

CO N
A
Question 42: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

PY
DO U A

cos A sin A
T
+ = sin A + cos A
ED PR

1−tan A 1−cot A

ANSWER:
C

cos A sin A
We need to prove + = sin A + cos A
©

1−tan 𝐴 1−cot A

Solving the L.H.S, we get

cos A sin A cos A sin A
+ = sin 𝐴 + cos 𝐴
1−tan A 1−cot A 1−cos 𝐴 1− sin 𝐴

cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
= +
cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴
cos2 𝐴−sin2 𝐴
=
cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
(cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴)(cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴)
=
cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴

[Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)]

 = cos 𝐴 + sin 𝐴
= RHS
Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:
Question 43: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

T IO S
cosecA cosecA
+ = 2 sec 2 A
cosecA−1 cosecA+1

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
cosecA cosecA
We need to prove + = 2 sec 2 A
cosecA−1 cosecA+1

PY
DO U A

Using the identity 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

T
ED PR

cosecA cosecA cosecA(cosecA+1)+cosecA(cosecA−1)

+ =
cosecA−1 cosecA+1 cosec2 A−1
C

cosecA(cosecA+1+cosecA−1)
=
©

cosec2 A−1

Further, using the property 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃, we get

So,
cosecA(cosecA+1+cosecA−1) cosecA(2 cosecA)
=
cosec2 A−1 cot2 A−1
2 cosec2 A
=
cot2 A−1
1
(2) ( )
sin2 𝐴
= cos2 𝐴
( 2 )
sin 𝐴

1 sin2 𝐴
= 2( )( )
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
 1
= 2( )
cos2 𝐴

= 2 sec 2 𝐴
Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:
Question 44: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

T IO S
tan2 A cot2 A
+ =1

I
1+tan2 A 1+cot2 A

NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
tan2 A cot2 A
In the given question, we need to prove + = 1.

PY
1+tan2 A 1+cot2 A
DO U A
T
Here, we will first solve the LHS.
ED PR

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
Now, using tan 𝜃 = and cot 𝜃 = , we get
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
C

sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
tan2 cot2 ( ) ( )
©

A A cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
+ = sin2 𝐴
+ cos2 𝐴
1+tan2 A 1+cot2 A (1+ 2 ) (1+ 2 )
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
( ) ( )
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
= cos2 𝐴+sin2 𝐴
+ sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
( ) ( )
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴

sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
( ) ( )
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
= 1 + 1 (Using sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)
( 2 ) ( 2 )
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

On further solving by taking the reciprocal of the denominator, we get,

sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
( ) ( ) sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
1 + 1 =( )( )+( )( )
( 2 ) ( 2 ) cos2 𝐴 1 sin2 𝐴 1
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

= sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 (Using sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)

 =1
Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:
Question 45: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

cot A−cos A cosec A−1

=
cot A+cos A cosec A+1

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D cot A−cos A cosec A−1

CO N
In the given question, we need to prove =
cot A+cos A cosec A+1
A
Here, we will first solve the LHS.

PY
DO U A
cos 𝜃
Now, using cot 𝜃 =
T , we get
sin 𝜃
ED PR

cos 𝐴
cot A−cos A ( sin 𝐴 −cos A)
= cos 𝐴
cot A+cos A ( sin 𝐴 +cos A)
C
©

cos 𝐴−cos A sin 𝐴

( sin 𝐴
)
= cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
( sin 𝐴
)

On further solving by taking the reciprocal of the denominator, we get,

cos 𝐴−cos A sin 𝐴
( sin 𝐴
) cos 𝐴−cos A sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 =( )( )
( ) sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴

cos 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

=( )
cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

Now, taking cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 common from both the numerator and the
denominator, we get
1
cos 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴(sin 𝐴−1)
( )=( 1 )
cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴(sin 𝐴+1)
 1
(sin 𝐴−1)
= 1
(sin 𝐴+1)

cosec 𝐴−1 1
= (Using = cosec θ)
cosec 𝐴+1 sin θ

Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:

T IO S
Question 46: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

I
NO A D
1+cos θ−sin2 θ

CO N
= cot θ
sin θ (1+cos θ)
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

1+cos θ−sin2 θ
T
In the given question, we need to prove = cot θ.
ED PR

sin θ (1+cos θ)

Using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1, we get

C

So,
©

1+cosθ−sin2 θ
sinθ(1+cosθ)

1+cosθ−(1−cos2 θ)
=
sinθ(1+cosθ)

cosθ+cos2 θ
=
sinθ(1+cosθ)

Solving further, we get

cosθ+cos2 θ cosθ(1+cosθ)
=
sinθ(1+cosθ) sinθ(1+cosθ)
cosθ
=
sinθ

= cot θ
Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:
Question 47: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1+cos θ+sin θ 1+sin θ

(i) =
1+cos θ−sin θ cos θ
sin θ−cos θ+1 1
(ii) =

T IO S
sin θ+cos θ−1 sec θ−tan θ
cos θ−sin θ+1
(iii) = cosec θ + cot θ

I
cos θ+sin θ−1

NO A D
(iv) (sinθ + cosθ)(tanθ + cotθ) = secθ + cosecθ

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
(i) We have to prove the following identity-
T
1+cos θ+sin θ 1+sin θ
ED PR

=
1+cos θ−sin θ cos θ

Consider the LHS.

C

1+cos θ+sin θ 1+sin θ

=
©

1+cos θ−sin θ cos θ

1+cos θ+sin θ 1+cos θ+sin θ
=( )( )
1+cos θ−sin θ 1+cos θ+sin θ
(1+cos θ+sin θ)2
= (1+cos
θ)2 −sin2 θ
2+2(cos θ+sin θ+sin θ cos θ)
=
2 cos2 θ+2 cos θ
2(1+cos θ)(1+sin θ)
=
2 cos θ(1+cos θ)
1+sin θ
=
cos θ

= RHS
Hence proved.
(ii) We have to prove the following identity-
sin θ−cos θ+1 1
=
sin θ+cos θ−1 sec θ−tan θ

Consider the LHS.

sin θ−cos θ+1

sin θ+cos θ−1

T IO S
sin θ−cos θ+1 sin θ−cos θ+1
=( )( )
sin θ+cos θ−1 sin θ+cos θ+1

I
NO A D
(sin θ+1)2 −cos θ
= (sin

CO N
θ+cos θ)2 −1
A
2 sin2 θ+2 sin θ
=

PY
DO U A
2 sin θ cos θ
T
2 sin θ(1+sin θ)
=
ED PR

2 sin θ cos θ
1+sin θ
=
cos θ
C

1+sin θ 1−sin θ
©

=( )( )
cos θ 1−sin θ
cos θ
=
1−sin θ
1
= (Divide numerator and denominator by cos θ)
sec θ−tan θ

RHS
Hence proved.

(iii) We have to prove the following identity-

cos θ−sin θ+1
= cosec θ + cot θ
cos θ+sin θ−1
Consider the LHS.
cos θ−sin θ+1
cos θ+sin θ−1
cos θ−sin θ+1 cos θ−sin θ+1
= ×
cos θ+sin θ−1 cos θ+sin θ+1
(cos θ+1)2 −(sinθ)2
= (cos
θ+sin θ)2 −(1)2

cos2 θ+ 1+2 cos θ−sin2 θ

=
cos2 θ+sin2 θ+2 cos θ sin θ–1

T IO S
cos2 θ+1+2cos θ−(1−cos2 θ)
=

I
1+2 cos θ sin θ−1

NO A D
2 cos2 θ + 2 cos θ

CO N
=
A
2 cos θ sin θ
2 cos θ (cos θ+1)

PY
=
DO U A
2 cos θ sin θ
cos θ+1
T
=
ED PR

sin θ
cos θ 1
= +
C

sin θ sin θ
©

= cot θ + cosec θ

= RHS

Hence proved.

(iv)
Consider the LHS.
(sinθ + cosθ)(tanθ + cotθ)
sinθ cosθ
= (sinθ + cosθ) ( + )
cosθ sinθ
sin2 θ+cos2 θ
= (sinθ + cosθ) ( )
sinθ×cosθ
 sinθ+cosθ
= [sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1]
sinθ×cosθ
1 1
= +
cosθ sinθ

= secθ + cosecθ
= RHS
Hence proved.

T IO S
Page No 11.45:

I
NO A D
Question 48: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

CO N
A
1 1 1 1
− = −

PY
sec A+tan A cos A cos A sec A−tan A
DO U A

ANSWER:
T
ED PR

1 1 1
In the given question, we need to prove − = −
sec A+tan A cos A cos A
1
.
C

sec A−tan A
©

Here, we will first solve the L.H.S.

1 sin 𝜃
Now, using sec 𝜃 = and tan 𝜃 = , we get
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 1 1 1
− = 1 sin A −( )
sec A+tan A cos A (cos A+cos A) cos A

1 1
= 1+sin A −( )
( cos A ) cos A

cos A 1
=( )−( )
1+sin A cos A
cos2 A−(1+sin A)
=
(1+sin A)(cos A)

On further solving, we get

cos2 A−(1+sin A) cos2 A−1−sin A
=
(1+sin A)(cos A) (1+sin A)(cos A)

−sin2 A−1−sin A
= (Using sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃 )
(1+sin A)(cos A)
−sin A(sin A+1)
=
(1+sin A)(cos A)
−sin A
=
cos A

= − tan A

T IO S
Similarly, we solve the R.H.S.

I
NO A D 1 sin 𝜃

CO N
Now, using sec 𝜃 = and tan 𝜃 = , we get
A
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 1 1 1

PY
− =( )−
DO U A
cos A sec A−tan A cos A 1 sin A
(cos A−cos A)
T
ED PR

1 1
=( )− 1−sin A
cos A ( cos A )
C

1 cos A
=( )−( )
©

cos A 1−sin A
(1−sin A)−cos2 A
= (cos A)(1−sin A)

On further solving, we get

(1−sin A)−cos2 A 1−sin A−cos2 A
(cos A)(1−sin A)
= (cos A)(1−sin A)

sin2 A−sin A
= (Using sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃 )
(cos A)(1−sin A)
sin A(1−sin A)
= (cos
A)(1−sin A)
sin A
=
cos A

= tan A
So, L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:
Question 49: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

tan2 A + cot2 A = sec2 A cosec2 A − 2

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
In the given question, we need to prove tan2 A + cot2 A = sec2 A cosec2
NO A D
CO N
A–2
A
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
Now, using tan 𝜃 = and cot 𝜃 = in L.H.S, we get

PY
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
DO U A

sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
T
tan2 A + cot2 A = +
ED PR

cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
sin 𝐴+cos4 𝐴
4
=
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
2 2
C

(sin2 𝐴) +(cos2 𝐴)
=
©

cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴

Further, using the identity 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 2𝑎𝑏, we get

2 2 2
(sin2 𝐴) +(cos2 𝐴) (sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴) −2 sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
=
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
(1)2 −2 sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
=
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
1 2 sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
= −
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴

= cosec 2 𝐴 sec 2 𝐴 − 2
Since L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence proved.
 Page No 11.45:
tanA tanA
Question 50: − = 2cosecA
1+secA 1−secA

ANSWER:
Consider the LHS.
tanA tanA
−
1+secA 1−secA

T IO S
tanA(1−secA)−tanA(1+secA)
=

I
(1+secA)(1−secA)

NO A D
tanA−tanAsecA−tanA−tanAsecA

CO N
= (1−sec2 A)
A
−2tanAsecA

PY
=
DO U A
(1−sec2 A)
T
−2tanAsecA
ED PR

=
−tan²A
2secA
=
C

tanA
©

= 2cosecA
= RHS
Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:
Question 51: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

cot2 θ
1+ = cosec θ
1+cosec θ

ANSWER:
cot2 θ
In the given question, we need to prove 1 + = cosec θ
1+cosec θ
 cos 𝜃 1
Using cot 𝜃 = and cosec 𝜃 = , we get
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
cot2 θ 1+cosec θ+cot2 θ
1+ =
1+cosec θ 1+cosec θ
1 cos2 𝜃
(1+sin 𝜃+ )
sin2 𝜃
= 1
(1+sin 𝜃)

sin2 𝜃+sin 𝜃+cos2 𝜃

( sin 𝜃
)
= sin 𝜃+1
( sin 𝜃 )

T IO S
Further, using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

I
NO A D
sin2 𝜃+sin 𝜃+cos2 𝜃

CO N
1+sin 𝜃
( ) ( )
A
sin 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
sin 𝜃+1 = sin 𝜃+1
( sin 𝜃 ) ( sin 𝜃 )

PY
DO U A
1+sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃+1
=( )( )
T
sin2 𝜃 sin 𝜃
ED PR

1
=
sin 𝜃
C

= cosec 𝜃
©

Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:
Question 52: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

cos θ cos θ
+ = 2 tan θ
cosec θ+1 cosec θ−1

ANSWER:
cos θ cos θ
In the given question, we need to prove + = 2 tan θ
cosec θ+1 cosec θ−1

Using the identity 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

 cos θ cos θ cos θ(cosec θ−1)+cos θ(cosec θ+1)
+ =
cosec θ+1 cosec θ−1 cosec2 θ+1
cos θ(cosec θ−1+cosec θ+1)
=
cosec2 θ+1

Further, using the property 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃, we get

cos θ(cosec θ−1+cosec θ+1) cos θ(2 cosec θ)
=
cosec2 θ+1 cot2 θ
1
(2 cos θ)( )
sin θ
= cos2 θ

T IO S
( 2 )
sin θ

I
cos 𝜃 sin2 θ
= 2(
NO A D sin 𝜃
)(
cos2 θ
)

CO N
A
sin 𝜃
=2
cos 𝜃

PY
DO U A
= 2 tan 𝜃
T
ED PR

Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
C

Question 53: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

©

1 1
(1 + tan2 A) + (1 + )=
tan2 A sin2 A−sin4 A

ANSWER:
1 1
We need to prove (1 + tan2 A) + (1 + )= .
tan2 A sin2 A−sin4 A

Using the property 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃, we get

1 tan2 A+1
(1 + tan2 A) + (1 + ) = sec 2 𝐴 + ( )
tan2 A tan2 A
sec2 𝐴
= sec 2 𝐴 + ( )
tan2 A
1 sin 𝜃
Now, using sec 𝜃 = and tan 𝜃 = , we get
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
 1
sec2 𝐴 1 cos2 𝐴
sec 2 𝐴 + ( )= +( sin2 𝐴
)
tan2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴

1 1 cos2 𝐴
= +( × )
cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
1 1
= +
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
=

T IO S
cos2 𝐴(sin2 𝐴)

I
Further, using the property, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get
NO A D
CO N
sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴 1
A
=
cos2 𝐴(sin2 𝐴) cos2 𝐴(sin2 𝐴)

PY
DO U A
1
= (1−sin2 (using cos2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃)
𝐴)(sin2 𝐴)
T
ED PR

1
=
sin2 𝐴−sin4 𝐴
C

Hence proved.
©

Page No 11.45:
Question 54: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

sin2 A cos2 B − cos2 A sin2 B = sin2 A − sin2 B

ANSWER:
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1
So have,
sin2 A cos2 B − cos2 A sin2 B = sin2 𝐴 (1 − sin2 𝐵) − (1 − sin2 𝐴) sin2 𝐵
= sin2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐵 − sin2 𝐵 +
sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐵
 = sin2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐵
Hence proved.
Page No 11.45:
Question 55: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

cotA+tanB
(i) = cotA tanB
cotB+tanA

T IO S
tanA+tanB
(ii) = tanA tanB

I
cotA+cotB

ANSWER: NO A D
CO N
A
cotA+tanB
(i) We have to prove = cotA tanB

PY
cotB+tanA
DO U A

Now,
T
ED PR

1
cotA+tanB cotA+cotB
= 1
cotB+tanA cotB+cotA
C

cotA cot 𝐵+1

©

cotB
= cot 𝐴 cotB+1
cotA

cot 𝐴
=
cot 𝐵
1
= cot 𝐴
cot 𝐵

= cot 𝐴 tan 𝐵

Hence proved.

tanA+tanB
(ii) We have to prove = tanA tanB
cotA+cotB

Now,
tanA+tanB tanA+tanB
= 1 1
cotA+cotB +
tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

tanA+tanB
= tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

= tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

Hence proved.

T IO S
Page No 11.45:

I
NO A D
Question 56: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

CO N
A
cot2 A cosec2 B − cot2 B cosec2 A = cot2 A − cot2 B

PY
DO U A

ANSWER:
T
ED PR

We have to prove cot2 A cosec2 B − cot2 B cosec2 A = cot2 A − cot2 B

We know that, cosec 2 𝐴 + cot 2 𝐴 = 1
C
©

So,
cot 2 𝐴 cosec 2 𝐵 − cot 2 𝐵 cosec 2 𝐴
= cot 2 𝐴 (1 + cot 2 𝐵) − cot 2 𝐵 (1 + cot 2 𝐴)
= cot 2 𝐴 + cot 2 𝐴 cot 2 𝐵 − cot 2 𝐵 − cot 2 𝐴 cot 2 𝐵
= cot 2 𝐴 − cot 2 𝐵
Hence proved.

Page No 11.45:
Question 57: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

tan2 A sec2 B − sec2 A tan2 B = tan2 A − tan2 B

ANSWER:
We have to prove tan2 A sec2 B − sec2 A tan2 B = tan2 A − tan2 B
We know that, sec 2 𝐴 + tan2 𝐴 = 1
So,

T IO S
tan2 𝐴 sec 2 𝐵 − sec 2 𝐴 tan2 𝐵

I
= tan2 𝐴 (1 + tan2 𝐵) − (1 + tan2 𝐴) tan2 𝐵
NO A D
CO N
A
= tan2 𝐴 + tan2 𝐴 tan2 𝐵 − tan2 𝐵 − tan2 𝐴 tan2 𝐵

PY
= tan2 𝐴 − tan2 𝐵
DO U A
T
Hence proved.
ED PR
C

Page No 11.45:
©

Question 58: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

If x = a sec θ + b tan θ and y = a tan θ + b sec θ, prove

that x2 − y2 = a2 − b2
ANSWER:
Given that,
x = a sec θ + b tan θ
y = a tan θ + b sec θ
We have to prove 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
We know that, sec 2 𝜃 + tan2 𝜃 = 1
So,
𝑥 2 − 𝑦2
= (𝑎 sec 𝜃 + 𝑏 tan 𝜃 )2 − (𝑎 tan 𝜃 + 𝑏 sec 𝜃 )2
= (𝑎2 sec 2 𝜃 + 2𝑎𝑏 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 tan2 𝜃 ) − (𝑎2 tan2 𝜃 +
2𝑎𝑏 sec 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sec 2 𝜃 )
= 𝑎2 (sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 ) − 𝑏 2 (sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 )
= 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2

T IO S
Hence proved.

I
NO A D Page No 11.45:

CO N
A
Question 59: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

PY
DO U A

If 3 sin θ + 5 cos θ = 5, prove that 5 sin θ − 3 cos θ = ± 3.

T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: 3 sin θ + 5 cos θ = 5
C
©

We have to prove that 5sin θ – 3cos θ = ±3.

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
Squaring the given equation, we have
(3 sin θ + 5 cos θ)2 = (5)2
⇒ 9 sin2 𝜃 + 2 × 3 sin 𝜃 × 5 cos 𝜃 + 25 cos2 𝜃 = 25
⇒ 9(1 − cos2 𝜃 ) + 2 × 3 sin 𝜃 × 5 cos 𝜃 + 25(1 − sin2 𝜃 ) = 25
⇒ 9 − 9 cos2 𝜃 + 2 × 3 sin 𝜃 × 5 cos 𝜃 + 25 − 25 sin2 𝜃 = 25
⇒ 34 − (9 cos 2 𝜃 − 2 × 3 sin 𝜃 × 5 cos 𝜃 + 25 sin2 𝜃 ) = 25
⇒ −(25 sin2 𝜃 − 2 × 5 sin 𝜃 × 3 cos 𝜃 + 9 cos2 𝜃 ) = −9
⇒ (25 sin2 𝜃 − 2 × 5 sin 𝜃 × 3 cos 𝜃 + 9 cos2 𝜃 ) = 9
⇒ (5sin θ – 3cos θ)2 = 9
⇒ 5sin θ – 3cos θ = ±3

Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
Question 60: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

T IO S
If cosec θ + cot θ = m and cosec θ − cot θ = n, prove that 𝑚𝑛 = 1

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
Given:
cosec θ + cot θ = m

PY
DO U A

cosec θ − cot θ = n
T
ED PR

We have to prove 𝑚𝑛 = 1
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
C
©

Multiplying the two equations, we have

(cosec 𝜃 + cot 𝜃 )(cosec 𝜃 − cot 𝜃 ) = 𝑚𝑛
1 cos 𝜃 1 cos 𝜃
⇒ ( + )( − ) = 𝑚𝑛
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1+cos 𝜃 1−cos 𝜃
⇒ ( )( ) = 𝑚𝑛
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
(1+cos 𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃)
⇒ = 𝑚𝑛
sin2 𝜃
1−cos2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑚𝑛
sin2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑚𝑛
sin2 𝜃

⇒ 1 = 𝑚𝑛
⇒ 𝑚𝑛 = 1

Hence proved.

Page No 11.46:
Question 61: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

T IO S
tan3 θ cot3 θ
+ = sec θ cosec θ − 2 sin θ cos θ
1+tan2 θ 1+cot2 θ

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
tan3 θ cot3 θ
In the given question, we need to prove + =
1+tan2 θ 1+cot2 θ

PY
DO U A
sec θ cosec θ − 2 sin θ cos θ
T
Using the property 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃 and 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃, we
ED PR

get
tan3 θ cot3 θ tan3 θ cot3 θ
C

+ = +
1+tan2 θ 1+cot2 θ sec2 𝜃 cosec2 𝜃
©

sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
( ) ( )
cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃
= 1 + 1
( 2 ) ( 2 )
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

Taking the reciprocal of the denominator, we get

sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
( ) ( ) sin3 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃
1 + 1 =( × )+( × )
( 2 ) ( 2 ) cos3 𝜃 1 sin3 𝜃 1
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
= +
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin4 𝜃+cos4 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
2 2
(sin2 𝜃) +(cos2 𝜃)
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
Further, using the identity 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 2𝑎𝑏, we get
2 2 2
(sin2 𝜃) +(cos2 𝜃) (sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃) −2 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
=
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1 2 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
= − (Using sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
1
= − 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

= sec 𝜃 cosec 𝜃 − 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

T IO S
Hence proved.

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.46:

PY
Question 62: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
DO U A
T
T3 −T5 T5 −T7
ED PR

If T𝑛 = sinn θ + cos n θ, prove that =

T1 T3

ANSWER:
C

In the given question, we are given T𝑛 = sinn θ + cosn θ

©

T3 −T5 T5 −T7
We need to prove =
T1 T3

Here L.H.S is
T3 −T5 (sin3 θ+cos3 θ)−(sin5 θ+cos5 θ)
= (sinθ+cos θ)
T1

Now, solving the L.H.S, we get

(sin3 θ+cos3 θ)−(sin5 θ+cos5 θ) sin3 θ−sin5 θ+cos3 θ−cos5 θ
(sinθ+cos θ)
=
sinθ+cos θ

sin3 θ(1−sin2 θ)+cos3 θ(1−cos2 θ)

=
sinθ+cos θ

Further using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

cos2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃
So,
sin3 θ(1−sin2 θ)+cos3 θ(1−cos2 θ) sin3 θcos2 θ+cos3 θsin2 θ
=
sinθ+cos θ sinθ+cos θ
sin2 θcos2 θ(sinθ+cos θ)
=
sinθ+cos θ

= sin2 θcos 2 θ

T IO S I
Now, solving the R.H.S, we get
NO A D
(sin5 θ+cos5 θ)−(sin7 θ+cos7 θ)

CO N
T5 −T7
=
A
T3 (sin3 θ+cos3 θ)

PY
So,
DO U A
T
(sin5 θ+cos5 θ)−(sin7 θ+cos7 θ) sin5 θ−sin7 θ+cos5 θ−cos7 θ
=
ED PR

(sin3 θ+cos3 θ) sin3 θ+cos3 θ

sin5 θ(1−sin2 θ)+cos5 θ(1−cos2 θ)

=
C

sin3 θ+cos3 θ
©

Further using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get

cos2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃
So,
sin5 θ(1−sin2 θ)+cos5 θ(1−cos2 θ) sin5 θcos2 θ+cos5 θsin2 θ
=
sin3 θ+cos3 θ sin3 θ+cos3 θ
sin2 θcos2 θ(sin3 θ+cos3 θ)
=
sin3 θ+cos3 θ

= sin2 θcos 2 θ
Hence proved.
 Page No 11.46:
Question 63: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
1 2 1 2 1+sin2 θ
(tan θ + ) + (tan θ − ) = 2( )
cos θ cos θ 1−sin2 θ

ANSWER:
In the given question, we need to prove
1 2 1 2 1+sin2 θ
(tan θ + ) + (tan θ − ) = 2( )

T IO S
cos θ cos θ 1−sin2 θ

I
Now, using the identity (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 in L.H.S, we get
NO A D
CO N
1 2 1 2
(tan θ + ) + (tan θ − )
A
cos θ cos θ

PY
1 tan θ 1 tan θ
DO U A
= (tan θ + +2 ) + (tan θ + −2 )
cos2 θ cos θ cos2 θ cos θ
T
ED PR

1 tan θ 1 tan θ
= tan θ + +2 + tan θ + −2
cos2 θ cos θ cos2 θ cos θ
2
= 2 tan2 θ +
C

cos2 θ
©

sin θ
Further using tan θ = , we get
cos θ

2 2 2 sin2 θ 2
2 tan θ + = +
cos2 θ cos2 θ cos2 θ
2 sin2 θ+2
=
cos2 θ
2(sin2 θ+1)
=
cos2 θ

Also, from the identity sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1, we get

2(sin2 θ+1) 2(sin2 θ+1)
=
cos2 θ 1−sin2 θ
1+sin2 θ
= 2( )
1−sin2 θ
Hence proved.

Page No 11.46:
Question 64: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1 1 2 2 1−sin2 θ cos2 θ
( + ) sin θ cos θ =
sec2 θ−cos2 θ cosec2 θ−sin2 θ 2+sin2 θ cos2 θ

ANSWER:

T IO S
In the given question, we need to prove

I
NO A D
1 1 1−sin2 θ cos2 θ

CO N
2 2
( + ) sin θ cos θ =
A
sec2 θ−cos2 θ cosec2 θ−sin2 θ 2+sin2 θ cos2 θ
1 1

PY
Now, using sec 𝜃 = and cosec 𝜃 = in L.H.S, we get
DO U A
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
T
ED PR

1 1
L.H.S. = ( 1 + 1 ) sin2 θ cos2 θ
( 2 )−cos2 θ ( 2 )−sin2 θ
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
C

1 1
=( + ) sin2 θ cos2 θ
©

1−cos4 𝜃 1−sin4 θ
( ) ( )
cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃

cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
=( + ) sin2 θ cos 2 θ
1−cos4 𝜃 1−sin4 θ

Further using the identity 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
L.H.S. = ((1−cos4 + (1−sin2 ) sin2 θ cos 2 θ
𝜃)(1+cos2 θ) θ)(1+sin2 θ)

cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
=( + ) sin2 θ cos2 θ
sin2 𝜃(1+cos2 θ) cos2 𝜃(1+sin2 θ)

cos2 𝜃(cos2 𝜃(1+sin2 θ))+sin2 𝜃(sin2 𝜃(1+cos2 θ))

=( ) sin2 θ cos2 θ
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃(1+cos2 θ)(1+sin2 θ)

cos4 𝜃(1+sin2 θ)+sin4 𝜃(1+cos2 θ)

=( (1+cos2 θ)(1+sin2 θ)
)
Further using the identity sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1, we get
cos4 𝜃+cos4 𝜃sin2 θ+sin4 𝜃+sin4 𝜃cos2 θ
L.H.S. = ( )
1+cos2 θ+sin2 θ+sin2 θcos2 θ
cos4 𝜃+sin4 𝜃+cos2 θsin2 θ+(cos2 θ+sin2 𝜃)
=( )
2+sin2 θcos2 θ

Now, from the identity 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 2𝑎𝑏, we get

So,
(cos2 θ+sin2 𝜃)−2 cos2 𝜃+sin2 𝜃+cos2 θsin2 θ

T IO S
L.H.S. = ( )
2+sin2 θcos2 θ

I
(1)2 − cos2 𝜃+sin2 𝜃
NO A D
=( )

CO N
2+sin2 θcos2 θ
A
1−sin2 θcos2 θ
=( )

PY
2+sin2 θcos2 θ
DO U A

Hence proved.
T
ED PR

Page No 11.46:
C
©

Question 65: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

1+sin θ−cos θ 2 1−cos θ

(i) ( ) =
1+sin θ+cos θ 1+cos θ
1+secθ−tanθ 1−sinθ
(ii) =
1+secθ+tanθ cosθ

ANSWER:
1+sin θ−cos θ 2 1−cos θ
(i) In the given question, we need to prove ( ) =
1+sin θ+cos θ 1+cos θ

Taking sin θ common from the numerator and the denominator of the
L.H.S, we get
1+sin θ−cos θ 2 (sin θ)(cosec θ+1−cot θ) 2
( ) = ((sin )
1+sin θ+cos θ θ)(cosec θ+1+cot θ)
 1+cosec θ−cot θ 2
=( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ

Now, using the property 1 + cot 2 θ = cosec 2 θ, we get

2
1+cosec θ−cot θ 2 (cosec2 θ−cot2 θ)+cosec θ−cot θ
( ) =( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ 1+cosec θ+cot θ

Using 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏), we get

2
(cosec2 θ−cot2 θ)+cosec θ−cot θ
( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ

T IO S
(cosec θ−cot θ)(cosec θ−cot θ)+(cosec θ−cot θ) 2

I
=( )
NO A D 1+cosec θ+cot θ

CO N
Taking cosec θ − cot θ common from the numerator, we get
A
(cosec θ−cot θ)(cosec θ−cot θ)+(cosec θ−cot θ) 2

PY
DO U A
( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ
T
(cosec θ−cot θ)(cosec θ−cot θ+1) 2
ED PR

=( )
1+cosec θ+cot θ

= (cosec θ − cot θ)2

C
©

cos 𝜃 1
Using cot 𝜃 = and cosec 𝜃 = , we get
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃

1 cos 𝜃 2
(cosec θ − cot θ)2 = ( − )
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃

1−cos 𝜃 2
=( )
sin 𝜃

1−cos 𝜃 2
=( )
sin2 𝜃

Now, using the property sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1, we get

1−cos 𝜃 2 (1−cos 𝜃)2
( ) =
sin2 𝜃 1−cos2 𝜃
(1−cos 𝜃)2
= (1+cos
𝜃)(1−cos 𝜃)
 1−cos 𝜃
=
1+cos 𝜃

Hence proved.

(ii)
Consider the LHS.
1+secθ−tanθ
1+secθ+tanθ
(secθ−tanθ)+1
=

T IO S
1+secθ+tanθ
(secθ−tanθ)+(sec2 θ−tan2 θ)

I
= (sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1)
NO A D 1+secθ+tanθ

CO N
(secθ−tanθ)(1+secθ+tanθ)
A
=
1+secθ+tanθ

PY
DO U A
= secθ − tanθ
T
1 sinθ
ED PR

= −
cosθ cosθ
1−sinθ
=
C

cosθ
©

= RHS
Hence proved.

Page No 11.46:
Question 66: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(sec A + tan A − 1) (sec A − tan A + 1) = 2 tan A

ANSWER:
We have to prove (sec A + tan A − 1) (sec A − tan A + 1) = 2 tan A
We know that, sec 2 A − tan2 A = 1
So, we have
(sec A + tan A − 1) (sec A − tan A + 1)
= {sec A + (tan A − 1)} {sec A − (tan A + 1)}
= sec 2 A + (tan A − 1)2
= sec 2 A + (tan2 A − 2 tan 𝐴 + 1)
= (sec 2 A + tan2 A) + 2 tan 𝐴 − 1
So, we have

T IO S
(sec A + tan A − 1) (sec A − tan A + 1) = 1 + 2 tan 𝐴 − 1

I
= 2 tan 𝐴
NO A D
CO N
Hence proved.
A

PY
DO U A

Page No 11.46:
T
ED PR

Question 67: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

C

(1 + cot A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2

©

ANSWER:
We have to prove (1 + cot A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2

We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1.

So,
(1 + cot A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A)
cos 𝐴 1 sin 𝐴 1
= (1 + − ) (1 + + )
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴−1 cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴+1
=( )( )
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴−1)(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴+1)
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
 {(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴)−1}{(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴)+1}
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin 𝐴+cos 𝐴)2 −1
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin2 𝐴+2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos2 𝐴−1
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴)+2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴−1
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴)+2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴−1
= ’

T IO S
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

I
1+2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴−1
=
NO A D sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

CO N
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
A
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

PY
DO U A
=2
T
ED PR

Hence proved.
C

Page No 11.46:
©

Question 68: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(cosec θ − sec θ) (cot θ − tan θ) = (cosec θ + sec θ) ( sec θ cosec θ − 2)

ANSWER:
We have to prove
(cosec θ − sec θ) (cot θ − tan θ) = (cosec θ + sec θ) (sec θ cosec θ − 2)
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
cos 𝐴 1
Consider the LHS. (1 + − )
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴
1 1 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
(cosec θ − sec θ) (cot θ − tan θ) = ( − )( − )
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
 cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃−sin2 𝜃
=( )( )
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃) (cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃)(cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃)
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃)(cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃)2
=
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃

Now, consider the RHS.

1 1 1 1
(cosec θ + sec θ) (sec θ cosec θ − 2) = ( + )( − 2)
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

T IO S
cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃 1−2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
=( )( )

I
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

NO A D (cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃) cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃−2 cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃

CO N
= ( )
A
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

PY
(cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃)(cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃)2
DO U A
=
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
T
ED PR

∴ LHS = RHS

Hence proved.
C
©

Page No 11.46:
Question 69: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

(sec A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + cot A) = tan A sec A − cot A cosec A

ANSWER:
We have to prove (sec A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + cot A) = tan A sec A −
cot A cosec A
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1
So,
1 1 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sec A − cosec A) (1 + tan A + cot A) = ( − ) (1 + + )
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
 sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
=( )( )
sin 𝐴cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1
=( )( )
sin 𝐴cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1
=( )( )
sin 𝐴cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)(sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1)
=
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴−cos2 𝐴 sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴
=

T IO S
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
(sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴−cos 𝐴)(sin 𝐴−cos2 𝐴 sin 𝐴)

I
=
NO A D sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴

CO N
cos 𝐴(sin2 𝐴−1)−sin 𝐴(1−cos2 𝐴)
A
=
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴

PY
DO U A
cos 𝐴(−cos2 𝐴−1)−sin 𝐴(sin2 𝐴)
=
T
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
ED PR

−cos3 𝐴−sin3 𝐴
=
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
C

sin3 𝐴−cos3 𝐴
=
©

sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
sin3 𝐴 cos3 𝐴
= −
sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴cos2 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= −
cos2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
sin 𝐴 1 cos 𝐴 1
= −
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin2 𝐴 sin 𝐴

= tan 𝐴 sec 𝐴 − cot 𝐴 cosec 𝐴

Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
Question 70: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
 cos A cosec A−sin A sec A
(i) = cosec A − sec A
cos A+sin A

sin A cos A
(ii) + =1
sec A+tan A−1 cosec A+cot A−1

ANSWER:
cos A cosec A−sin A sec A
(i) We have to prove = cosec A − sec A
cos A+sin A

So,

T IO S
1 1
cos A cosec A−sin A sec A cos A sin 𝐴−sin A cos 𝐴
=

I
cos A+sin A cos A+sin A
NO A D
CO N
cos2 A−sin2 A
A
sin 𝐴cos A
=
cos A+sin A

PY
DO U A
cos2 A−sin2 A
=
T sin 𝐴cos A (cos A+sin A)
ED PR

(cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴)(cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴)

=
sin 𝐴cos A (cos A+sin A)
C

cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
=
©

sin 𝐴cos A
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= −
sin 𝐴cos A sin 𝐴cos A
1 1
= −
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

= cosec 𝐴 − sec 𝐴
Hence proved.

sin A cos A
(ii) We have to prove + =1
sec A+tan A−1 cosec A+cot A−1

We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1

So,
 sin A cos A sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
+ = 1 sin 𝐴 + 1 cos 𝐴
sec A+tan A−1 cosec A+cot A−1 + −1 + −1
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴

sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= 1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 + 1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

= +
1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴) sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)
= (1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴)
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴+1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)

T IO S
= {1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴}{1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴}

I
NO A D =
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

CO N
1−(sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)2
A
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=

PY
1−(sin2 𝐴−2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos2 𝐴)
DO U A

2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
T
=
ED PR

1−(sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴−2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴)

2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−(1 −2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴)
C

2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
©

=
1−1 +2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

=1
Hence proved.

Page No 11.46:
Question 71: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

sin A cos A
+ =1
sec A+tan A−1 cosec A+cot A−1

ANSWER:
 sin A cos A
We have to prove + =1
sec A+tan A−1 cosec A+cot A−1

We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1

So,
sin A cos A
+
sec A+tan A−1 cosec A+cot A−1
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= 1 sin 𝐴 + 1 cos 𝐴
+ −1 + −1
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴

T IO S
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= 1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 + 1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴

I
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

NO A D
CO N
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= +
A
1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴 1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴

PY
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴) sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)
=
DO U A
(1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴)
T
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴(1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴+1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)
ED PR

= {1+sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴}{1+cos 𝐴−sin 𝐴}

2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
C

1−(sin 𝐴−cos 𝐴)2

©

2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−(sin2 𝐴−2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos2 𝐴)
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−(sin2 𝐴+cos2 𝐴−2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴)
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−(1 −2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴)
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
1−1 +2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
2 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

=1
Hence proved.
 Page No 11.46:
Question 72: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

tan A cot A
(1+tan2 A)2
+ (1+cot2 = sin A cos A
A)

ANSWER:
tan A cot A
We have to prove (1+tan2 + (1+cot2 = sin A cos A

T IO S
A)2 A)

I
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1.
NO A D
CO N
So,
A
tan A cot A

PY
+ (1+cot2
DO U A
(1+tan2 A)2 A)
T
tan A cot A
ED PR

= (sec2
A) 2 + (cosec2 A)2
tan A cot A
= +
C

sec4 A cosec4 A
©

sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= 1 + 1
cos4 𝐴 sin4 𝐴

sin 𝐴 cos4 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin4 𝐴

= +
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

= sin 𝐴 cos3 𝐴 + cos 𝐴 sin3 𝐴

= sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 (cos2 𝐴 + sin2 𝐴)
= sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
Hence proved.

Page No 11.46:
Question 73: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
sec4 A (1 − sin4 A) − 2 tan2 A = 1
ANSWER:
We have to prove sec4 A (1 − sin4 A) − 2 tan2 A = 1
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1
So,
1 4 sin2 𝐴
sec A (1 − sin A) − 2 tan A =
4 4 2 (1 − sin 𝐴) − 2
cos4 𝐴 cos2 𝐴

T IO S
1 sin4 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
=( − )−2

I
cos4 𝐴 cos4 𝐴 cos2 𝐴

NO A D 1−sin4 𝐴 sin2 𝐴

CO N
=( )−2
A
cos4 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
(1−sin2 𝐴)(1+sin2 𝐴) sin2 𝐴

PY
DO U A
= −2
cos4 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
T
1+sin2 𝐴 sin2 𝐴
ED PR

= −2
cos2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
1+sin2 𝐴−2 sin2 𝐴
C

=
cos2 𝐴
©

1+sin2 𝐴
=
cos2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴
=
cos2 𝐴

=1
Hence proved.

Page No 11.46:
Question 74: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

cot2 A(sec A−1) 1−sin 𝐴

= sec 2 A ( )
1+sin A 1+sec 𝐴
ANSWER:
cot2 A(sec A−1) 1−sin 𝐴
We have to prove = sec 2 A ( ).
1+sin A 1+sec 𝐴

We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1

So,
cot2 A(sec A−1) 1−sin 𝐴
= sec 2 A ( )
1+sin A 1+sec 𝐴
cos2 𝐴 1

T IO S
2 (cos 𝐴−1)
sin 𝐴
=
1+sin 𝐴

I
NO A D cos2 𝐴 1−cos 𝐴
( )

CO N
sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴
=
A
1+sin 𝐴

PY
cos 𝐴(1−cos 𝐴)
DO U A
=
sin2 𝐴(1+sin 𝐴)
T
ED PR

cos 𝐴(1−cos 𝐴)
= (1−cos2
𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
cos 𝐴(1−cos 𝐴)
C

= (1−cos
𝐴)(1+cos 𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
©

cos 𝐴
= (1+cos
𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)
1
sec 𝐴
= 1
(1+sec 𝐴)(1+sin 𝐴)

1
sec 𝐴
= sec 𝐴+1
( sec 𝐴 )(1+sin 𝐴)

1
= (sec
𝐴+1)(1+sin 𝐴)

Multiplying both the numerator and denominator by (1 − sin 𝐴), we have

 (1−sin 𝐴)
= (sec
𝐴+1)(1+sin 𝐴)(1−sin 𝐴)
(1−sin 𝐴)
= (sec
𝐴+1)(1−sin2 𝐴)
(1−sin 𝐴)
= (sec
𝐴+1) cos2 𝐴
(1−sin 𝐴)
= sec 2 𝐴 (sec
𝐴+1)
(1−sin 𝐴)
= sec 2 𝐴 (1+sec

T IO S
𝐴)

I
Hence proved.
NO A D
CO N
Page No 11.46:
A
Question 75: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

PY
DO U A
T
sec A cosec A
(1 + cot A + tan A)(sin A − cos A) =
ED PR

− =
cosec2 A sec2 A
sin A tan A − cot A cos A
C

ANSWER:
©

We have proved that

sec A cosec A
(1 + cot A + tan A)(sin A − cos A) = − =
cosec2 A sec2 A
sin A tan A − cot A cos A

We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1

So,
(1 + cot A + tan A)(sin A − cos A)
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
= (1 + + ) (sin A − cos A)
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos2 𝐴+sin2 𝐴
=( ) (sin A − cos A)
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1
=( ) (sin A − cos A)
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴+1)(sin A−cos A)
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴+sin 𝐴−cos2 𝐴 sin A−cos A
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
(sin2 𝐴 cos 𝐴+cos 𝐴)−(sin A−cos2 𝐴 −sin A)
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

cos 𝐴(sin2 𝐴−1)+sin A(1−cos2 𝐴)

T IO S
=
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴

I
cos 𝐴(− cos2 𝐴)+sin A(sin2 𝐴)
= NO A D
CO N
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
A
− cos3 𝐴+sin3 𝐴
=

PY
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
DO U A

sin3 𝐴−cos3 𝐴
T
=
ED PR

sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
sin3 𝐴 cos3 𝐴
= −
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
C

sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
©

= −
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= sin 𝐴 − cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

= sin 𝐴 tan 𝐴 − cos 𝐴 cot 𝐴

Now,
1 1
sec A cosec A cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
− = 1 − 1
cosec2 A sec2 A
sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴

sin2 𝐴 cos2 𝐴
= −
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= sin 𝐴 − cos 𝐴
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴

= sin 𝐴 tan 𝐴 − cos 𝐴 cot 𝐴

Hence proved.
Page No 11.46:
Question 76: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥2 𝑦2
If cos θ + sin θ = 1 and sin θ − cos θ = 1, prove that + =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏2
2
ANSWER:

T IO S
Given that,

I
𝑥
NO A D𝑦
cos θ + sin θ = 1 ……. (1)

CO N
𝑎 𝑏
A
𝑥 𝑦
sin θ − cos θ = 1 …….. (2)

PY
𝑎 𝑏
DO U A
T
𝑥2 𝑦2
ED PR

We have to prove
𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
=2

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

C
©

Squaring and then adding the above two equations, we have

𝑥 𝑦 2 𝑥 𝑦 2
( cos θ + sin θ) + ( sin θ − cos θ) = 1 + 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑥2 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑦2
⇒( 2 cos θ + 2 sin θcos θ + sin2 θ)
𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2
𝑥2 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑦2
+( 2 sin θ + 2 sin θcos θ + cos2 θ) = 2
𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2
⇒ ( 2 2 )
2 cos θ + sin θ +
(sin2 θ + cos2 θ) = 2
𝑎 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2
⇒ 2 + =2
𝑎 𝑏2
 Page No 11.46:
Question 77: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

If cosec θ − sin θ = a3, sec θ − cos θ = b3, prove that a2 b2 (a2 + b2) = 1
ANSWER:
Given that,

T IO S
cosec θ − sin θ = a3 ……... (1)

I
sec θ − cos θ = b3 ……... (2)
NO A D
CO N
A
We have to prove a2 b2 (a2 + b2) = 1

PY
DO U A
T
We know that sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
ED PR

Now from the first equation, we have

C

cosec 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 = 𝑎3
©

1
⇒ − sin 𝜃 = 𝑎3
sin 𝜃
1−sin2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑎3
sin 𝜃
cos2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑎3
sin 𝜃
cos2/3 𝜃
⇒ 𝑎=
sin1/3 𝜃

Again from the second equation, we have

sec 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 = 𝑏 3
1
⇒ − cos 𝜃 = 𝑏 3
cos 𝜃
 1−cos2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑏3
cos 𝜃
sin2 𝜃
⇒ = 𝑏3
cos 𝜃
sin2/3 𝜃
⇒ 𝑏=
cos1/3 𝜃

Therefore, we have
4 4 4 4
cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃
𝑎2 𝑏 2 (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) = 2 2 ( 2 − 2 )

T IO S
sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃 sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃

I
4 4
2 2

NO A D = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 (
3 3
cos3 𝜃
−
sin3 𝜃
)

CO N
2 2
A
sin3 𝜃 cos3 𝜃
2 4 2 4

PY
= cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
DO U A
T 3 3 3 3

= cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃
ED PR

=1
C

Hence proved.
©

Page No 11.47:
Question 78: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

If a cos3 θ + 3 a cos θ sin2 θ = m, a sin3 θ + 3 a cos2 θ sin θ = n, prove

that (m + n)2/3 + (m − n)2/3 = 2a2/3
ANSWER:
Given that,
a cos3 θ + 3 a cos θ sin2 θ = m,
a sin3 θ + 3 a cos2 θ sin θ = n
We have to prove (m + n)2/3 + (m − n)2/3 = 2a2/3
Adding both the equations, we get
m + n = a cos3 θ + 3 a cos θ sin2 θ + a sin3 θ + 3 a cos2 θ sin θ
= a (cos3 θ + 3 cos2 θ + sin θ + 3 cos θ sin2 θ + sin3 θ)
= a (cos θ + sin θ)2
Also.
m – n = a cos3 θ + 3a cos θ sin2 θ + (a sin3 θ + 3 a cos2 θ sin θ)

T IO S
= a (cos3 θ – 3 cos2 θ + sin θ + 3 cos θ sin2 θ – sin3 θ)

I
NO A D
CO N
= a (cos θ – sin θ)2
A
Therefore, we have

PY
DO U A
(m + n)2/3 + (m − n)2/3
T
ED PR

= a2/3 (cos θ + sin θ)2 + a2/3 (cos θ + sin θ)2

= a2/3 {(cos θ + sin θ)2 + (cos θ + sin θ)2}
C

= a2/3 {(cos2 θ + 2cos θ sin θ + sin2 θ) +(cos2 θ – 2cos θ sin θ + sin2 θ)}
©

= a2/3 {(cos2 θ + sin2 θ + 2cos θ sin θ) +(cos2 θ + sin2 θ – 2cos θ sin θ)}
= a2/3 {(1 + 2cos θ sin θ) +(1 – 2cos θ sin θ)}
= a2/3 (1 + 2cos θ sin θ + 1 – 2cos θ sin θ)
= 2a2/3
Hence proved.

Page No 11.47:
Question 79: Prove the following trigonometric identities.
𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
If x = a cos θ, y = b sin θ, prove that ( )
3 3
+( ) =1
𝑎 𝑏
ANSWER:
Given:
x = a cos3 θ
𝑥
⇒ = cos3 𝜃
𝑎

y = b sin3 θ
𝑦
⇒ = sin3 𝜃
𝑏

T IO S
𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
We have to prove ( ) +( ) =1

I
𝑎 𝑏
NO A D
CO N
We know that sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
A
So, we have

PY
DO U A

𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
T
( ) +( ) = (cos3 𝜃 )2/3 + (sin3 𝜃 )2/3
ED PR

𝑎 𝑏

𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
⇒( ) +( ) = cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏
C
©

𝑥 2/3 𝑦 2/3
⇒( ) +( ) =1
𝑎 𝑏

Hence proved.

Page No 11.47:
Question 80: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

If a cos θ + b sin θ = m and a sin θ − b cos θ = n, prove that

a2 + b2 = m2 + n2
ANSWER:
Given:
a cos θ + b sin θ = m,
a sin θ − b cos θ = n

We have to prove a2 + b2 = m2 + n2

We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

Now, squaring and adding the two equations, we get

(𝑎 cos θ + 𝑏 sin θ)2 + (𝑎 sin θ − 𝑏 cos θ)2 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2

T IO S
⇒ (𝑎2 cos2 θ + 2𝑎𝑏 sin θ cos θ + 𝑏 2 sin2 θ)

I
NO A D +(𝑎2 sin2 θ − 2𝑎𝑏 sin θ cos θ + 𝑏 2 cos2 θ) = 2

CO N
⇒ 𝑎2 (cos2 θ + sin2 θ) + 𝑏 2 (sin2 θ + cos2 θ) = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
A
⇒ 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑚 2 + 𝑛2

PY
DO U A
Hence proved.
T
ED PR

Page No 11.47:
C

Question 81: Prove the following trigonometric identities.

©

if cos A + cos2 A = 1, prove that sin2 A + sin4 A = 1

ANSWER:
Given: cos A + cos2 A = 1
We have to prove sin2 A + sin4 A = 1
Now,
cos 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1
⇒ cos 𝐴 = 1 − cos 2 𝐴
⇒ cos 𝐴 = sin2 𝐴
⇒ sin2 𝐴 = cos 𝐴
Therefore, we have
sin2 𝐴 + sin4 𝐴 = cos 𝐴 + (cos 𝐴)2
= cos 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴
=1

Hence proved.

T IO S
Page No 11.47:

I
NO A D
Question 82: If cos θ + cos2 θ = 1, prove that sin12 θ + 3 sin10 θ + 3 sin8 θ

CO N
+ sin6 θ + 2 sin4 θ + 2 sin2 θ − 2 = 1
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

Given: cos θ + cos2 θ = 1

T
ED PR

We have to prove sin12 θ + 3 sin10 θ + 3 sin8 θ + sin6 θ + 2 sin4 θ + 2 sin2 θ

−2=1
C

From the given equation, we have

©

cos θ + cos2 θ = 1
⇒ cos θ = 1 − cos2 θ
⇒ cos θ = sin2 θ
⇒ sin2 θ = cos θ

Therefore, we have
sin12 θ + 3 sin10 θ + 3 sin8 θ + sin6 θ + 2 sin4 θ + 2 sin2 θ – 2
= (sin12 𝜃 + 3 sin10 𝜃 + 3 sin8 𝜃 + sin6 𝜃 ) + (2 sin4 𝜃 + 2 sin2 𝜃 ) − 2
= {(sin4 𝜃 )3 + 3(sin4 𝜃 )2 sin2 𝜃 + 3 sin4 𝜃 (sin2 𝜃 )2 + (sin2 𝜃 )3 }
+2(sin4 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 ) − 2
= (sin4 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 )3 + 2(sin4 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 ) − 2
= (cos2 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 )3 + 2(cos2 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 ) − 2
= (1)3 + 2(1) − 2
=1
Hence proved.

T IO S
Page No 11.47:

I
Question 83: Given that: (1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α)
NO A D
(1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ)

CO N
A
Show that one of the values of each member of this equality is sin α sin

PY
DO U A
β sin γ
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: (1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 −
C

cos γ)
©

Let us assume that

(1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ) = L
We know that, sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
Then, we have
𝐿×𝐿
= (1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) × (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ)
⇒ 𝐿2 = {(1 + cos α) (1 – cos α)} {(1 + cos β) (1 – cos β)}
{(1 + cos γ) (1 − cos γ)}
⇒ 𝐿2 = (1 – cos2 α) (1 – cos2 β) (1 – cos2 γ)
⇒ 𝐿2 = sin2 𝛼 sin2 𝛽 sin2 𝛾
⇒ 𝐿 = ± sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
Therefore, we have
(1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ)
= ± sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
Taking the expression with the positive sign, we have
(1 + cos α) (1 + cos β) (1 + cos γ) = (1 − cos α) (1 − cos β) (1 − cos γ)

T IO S I
= sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.47:

PY
DO U A
4−3 (𝑥 2 −1)2
Question 84: If sin θ + cos θ = x, prove that sin6 θ + cos6 θ = .
T
4
ED PR

ANSWER:
Given: sin θ + cos 𝜃 = 𝑥
C
©

Squaring the given equation, we have

(sin θ + cos θ)2 = x
⇒ sin2 𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 𝑥 2
⇒ (sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 ) + 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 2
⇒ 1 + 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 2
⇒ 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑥 2 − 1
𝑥 2 −1
⇒ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 =
2

Squaring the last equation, we have

2
(𝑥 2 −1)
(sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 )2 =
4
 2
2 2 (𝑥 2 −1)
⇒ sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 =
4

Therefore, we have
sin6 𝜃 + cos6 𝜃 = (sin2 𝜃 )3 + (cos2 𝜃 )3
= (sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 )3 + 3 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 (sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 )
2
(𝑥 2 −1)
= (1 )3 +3 (1)
4

T IO S
2
(𝑥 2 −1)
=1−3
4

I
NO A D 4−3(𝑥 2 −1)
2

CO N
=
A
4
Hence proved.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 11.47:
Question 85: If x = a sec θ cos ϕ, y = b sec θ sin ϕ and z = c tan θ, show
C

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
that 2 + 2 − = 1.
©

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2

ANSWER:
Given:
𝑥 = 𝑎 sec θ cos ϕ
𝑥
⇒ = sec θ cos ϕ …. (1)
𝑎

𝑦 = 𝑏 sec θ sin ϕ
𝑦
⇒ = sec θ sin ϕ …. (2)
𝑏
𝑧
⇒ = tan 𝜃 …. (3)
𝑐
 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
We have to prove that + − = 1.
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Squaring the above equations and then subtracting the third from the sum
of the first two, we have
𝑥 2 y 2 𝑧 2
( ) + ( ) − ( ) = (sec θ cos ϕ)2 + (sec θ sin ϕ)2 − (tan 𝜃 )2
𝑎 b 𝑐
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ 2 + 2 − = sec 2 𝜃 cos2 𝜙 + sec 2 θ sin2 ϕ − tan2 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2

T IO S
⇒ 2 + 2 − = (sec 2 𝜃 cos2 𝜙 + sec 2 θ sin2 ϕ) − tan2 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2

I
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ +NO A D − = sec 2 𝜃 (cos2 𝜙 + sin2 ϕ) − tan2 𝜃

CO N
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
A
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ + − = sec 2 𝜃 (1) − tan2 𝜃

PY
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
DO U A

𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
T
⇒ 2 + 2 − = sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃
ED PR

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ 2 + 2 − =1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
C
©

Hence proved.

Page No 11.47:
Question 86: If sinθ + 2cosθ = 1 prove that 2sinθ − cosθ = 2.
ANSWER:
It is given that,
sinθ+2cosθ=1⇒2cosθ=1−sinθ ...... (i)
Squaring both sides, we get
⇒ (2cosθ)2 = (1 − sinθ)2
⇒ 4cos2 θ = 1 + sin2 θ − 2sinθ
⇒ 4cos2 θ = 1 + sin2 θ − 2sinθ − 1 + 1
⇒ 4cos2 θ = 2 − 2sinθ − (1 − sin2 θ)
⇒ 4cos2 θ = 2 − 2sinθ − cos2 θ
⇒ 5cos2 θ = 2(1 − sinθ)
⇒ 5cos2 θ = 4cosθ [Using (i)]

T IO S
⇒ cosθ(5cosθ − 4) = 0

I
4
⇒ cosθ = 0, cosθ =
NO A D 5

CO N
A
4
Putting cosθ = in sinθ + 2cosθ = 1, we get
5

PY
DO U A
4 3
⇒ sinθ = 1 − 2cosθ = 1 − 2 ( ) = −
T 5 5
ED PR

This is not possible.

Putting cosθ = 0 in sinθ + 2cosθ = 1, we get sinθ = 1
C
©

Thus, the value of 2sinθ − cosθ = 2(1) − 0 = 2.

 Exercise 11.2
Page No 11.54:
4
Question 1: If cos θ = , find all other trigonometric ratios of angle θ.
5

ANSWER:
4
Given: cos θ =
5

T IO S
Now, we have to find all the other trigonometric ratios.

I
We have the following right angle triangle.
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

From the above figure,

Perpendicular = √Hypotenuse2 − Base2

⇒ AB = √AC 2 − BC 2
⇒ AB = √52 − 42
⇒ AB = 3
Therefore,
𝐴𝐵 3
sin 𝜃 = =
𝐴𝐶 5
𝐴𝐶 5
cosec 𝜃 = =
𝐴𝐵 3
 𝐴𝐶 5
sec 𝜃 = =
𝐵𝐶 4
𝐴𝐵 3
tan 𝜃 = =
𝐵𝐶 4
𝐵𝐶 4
cot 𝜃 = =
𝐴𝐵 3

Page No 11.54:
1
, find all other trigonometric ratios of angle θ.

T IO S
Question 2: If sin θ =
√2

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
1
A
Given: sin θ =
√2

PY
DO U A

We have to find all the trigonometric ratios.

T
ED PR

We have the following right angle triangle.

C
©

From the above figure,

Base = √Hypotenuse2 − Perpendicular 2

⇒ BC = √AC 2 − AB2

⇒ BC = √(√2)2 − 12
⇒ BC = 1

𝐵𝐶 1
sin 𝜃 = =
𝐴𝐶 √2
𝐴𝐶 √2
cosec 𝜃 = = = √2
𝐴𝐵 1
𝐴𝐶 √2
sec 𝜃 = = = √2
𝐵𝐶 1
𝐴𝐵 1
tan 𝜃 = = =1

T IO S
𝐵𝐶 1
𝐵𝐶 1

I
cot 𝜃 = = =1
NO A D
𝐴𝐵 1

CO N
A

PY
Page No 11.54:
DO U A

cosec2 θ−sec2 θ
T 1
Question 3: If tan θ = , find the value of .
ED PR

√2 cosec2 θ+cot2 θ

ANSWER:
C

1
Given: tan θ =
©

√2
cosec2 θ−sec2 θ
We have to find the value of the expression
cosec2 θ+cot2 θ

We know that,
1 + cot 2 θ = cosec 2 θ
⇒ cosec 2 θ − cot 2 θ = 1
Therefore, the given expression can be written as
cosec2 θ−sec2 θ cosec2 θ−sec2 θ
=
cosec2 θ+cot2 θ 1+cot2 θ+cot2 θ
cosec2 θ−sec2 θ
=
1+2 cot2 θ
 1
tan θ = ⇒ 𝑐𝑜t θ = √2
√2
cosec2 θ−sec2 θ 1+cot2 θ−(1+tan2 θ)
=
1+2 cot2 θ 1+2 cot2 θ
cot2 θ−tan2 θ
= (since sec 2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ)
1+2 cot2 θ
2 1 2
(√2) −( )
√2
= 2
1+2 (√2)

T IO S
3
=
10

I
NO A D
Hence, the value of the given expression is
3
.

CO N
10
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 11.54:
T
ED PR

4sin θ−cos θ+1

Question 4: If 4tanθ = 3, evaluate .
4sin θ+cos θ−1

ANSWER:
C
©

3
Given: 4tanθ = 3 ⇒ tan θ =
4
Let us suppose a right angle triangle ABC right angled at B, with one of
the acute angle θ. Let the sides be BC = 3k and AB = 4k, where k is a
positive number.

By Pythagoras theorem, we get

AC 2 = BC 2 + AB2
AC 2 = (3k)2 + (4k)2
AC 2 = 9k 2 + 16k 2
AC = √25k 2
AC = ±5k

Ignoring AC = − 5k , as k is a positive number, we get

T IO S
AC = 5k

I
BC 3 BC 3 AB 4
NO A D
If tan θ = = , then sin θ = = and cosθ = =

CO N
AB 4 AC 5 AC 5
4sinθ−cosθ+1
A
Putting the values in ( ), we get
4sinθ+cosθ−1

PY
3 4 12−4+5
DO U A
4×5−5+1 13
5
( 3 4 )=( 12+4−5 )=
4×5+5−1
T 11
5
ED PR
C

Page No 11.54:
©

12 1+sin θ
Question 5: If tan θ = , find the value of .
5 1−sin θ

ANSWER:
12
Given: tan θ =
5
1+sin θ
We have to find the value of the expression .
1−sin θ
From the above figure, we have
⇒ AC = √AB2 + BC 2

⇒ = √(√2)2 + 52

⇒ = 13
12
⇒ sin 𝜃 =
13

Therefore,

T IO S
12

I
1+sin θ 1+13
=
NO A D
1−sin θ 12
1−13

CO N
A
= 25

PY
DO U A
Hence, the value of the given expression is 25.
T
ED PR

Page No 11.54:
C

1 1−cos2 θ
Question 6: If cot θ = , find the value of .
©

√3 2−sin2 θ

ANSWER:
1
Given: cot θ =
√3
1−cos2 θ
We have to find the value of the expression
2−sin2 θ

We know that,
1 + cot 2 θ = cosec 2 θ
1 2
2
⇒ cosec θ = 1 + ( )
√3
4
⇒ cosec 2 θ =
3

Using the identity sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1, we have

1−cos2 θ sin2 θ
=
2−sin2 θ 2−sin2 θ
1
cosec2 θ
= 1
2−
cosec2 θ
1
=
2cosec2 θ−1
1
= 4
2×3−1

T IO S
3
=
5

I
NO A D
Hence, the value of the given expression is .
3

CO N
5
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 11.54:
T
ED PR

2 sin2 A+3 cot2 A

Question 7: If cosec A = √2, find the value of .
4(tan2 A−cos2 A)

ANSWER:
C
©

Given: cosec A = √2,

2 sin2 A+3 cot2 A
We have to find the value of the expression
4(tan2 A−cos2 A)

We know that,
cosec A = √2,
1 1
⇒ sin 𝐴 = =
cosec 𝐴 √2

1 2 1
cos 𝐴 = √1 − sin2 𝐴 = √1 − ( ) =
√2 √2
1
sin 𝐴 √2
tan 𝐴 = = 1 =1
cos 𝐴
√2
 1 1
cos 𝐴 = = =1
tan 𝐴 1

Therefore,
1 2
2 sin2 A+3 cot2 A 2( ) +3×12
√2
= 1 2
4(tan2 A−cos2 A) 4(12 −( ) )
√2

=2
Hence, the value of the given expression is 2.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 11.54:

CO N
A
cosec2 θ+cot2 θ
Question 8: If cot θ = √3, find the value of .
cosec2 θ−sec2 θ

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

Given: cot θ = √3
C

cosec2 θ+cot2 θ
We have to find the value of the expression .
©

cosec2 θ−sec2 θ

We know that,
cot θ = √3 = cot 2 θ = 3
2
cosec 2 θ = 1 + cot 2 θ = 1 + (√3) = 4
1 1 1 1 4
sec 2 𝜃 = = = 1 = 1 =
cos2 𝜃 1−sin2 𝜃 1− 1−4 3
cosec2 θ

Therefore,
cosec2 θ+cot2 θ 4+3
= 4
cosec2 θ−sec2 θ 4−3

21
=
8
 21
Hence, the value of the given expression is .
8

Page No 11.54:
6 sin2 θ+tan2 θ
Question 9: If 3cosθ = 1, find the value of
4 cos θ

ANSWER:
Given: 3cosθ = 1

T IO S
6 sin2 θ+tan2 θ
We have to find the value of the expression .

I
4 cos θ

NO A D
We have,

CO N
A
3cosθ = 1

PY
DO U A
1
⇒ cos𝜃 =
T 3
ED PR

1 2 √8
sin 𝜃 = √1 − cos2 𝜃 = √1 − ( ) =
3 3
C

√8
©

sin 𝜃 3
tan 𝜃 = = 1 = √8
cos 𝜃
3

Therefore,
2
√8
6 sin2 θ+tan2 θ 6×( 3 ) +(√8)
= 1
4 cos θ 4 ×3

= 10
Hence, the value of the expression is 10.

Page No 11.54:
Question 10: If √3 tan θ = 3 sin θ, find the value of sin2θ − cos2θ.
ANSWER:
Given: √3 tan θ = 3 sin θ

We have to find the value of sin2θ − cos2θ.

√3 tan θ = 3 sin θ
sin 𝜃
⇒ √3 = 3 sin θ
cos 𝜃

√3 1

T IO S
⇒ cos 𝜃 = =
3 √3

I
NO A D
Therefore,

CO N
A
sin2 𝜃 − cos2 𝜃 = 1 − cos2 𝜃 − cos2 𝜃

PY
= 1 − 2 cos2 𝜃 (since, sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1)
DO U A
T 2
1
ED PR

=1−2×( )
√3
1
=
C

3
©

1
Hence, the value of the expression is .
3

Page No 11.54:
13 2 sin θ−3 cos θ
Question 11: If cosec θ = , find the value of .
12 4 sin θ−9 cos θ

ANSWER:
13
Given: cosec θ =
12

2 sin θ−3 cos θ

We have to find the value of the expression .
4 sin θ−9 cos θ

Now,
 13
cosec θ =
12
1 1 12
⇒ sin 𝜃 = = 13 =
cosec 𝜃 13
12

12 2 5
cos 𝜃 = √1 − sin2 𝜃 = √1 − ( ) =
13 13

Therefore,
12 5
2 sin θ−3 cos θ 2 × −3 ×
13 13
=

T IO S
12 5
4 sin θ−9 cos θ 4 ×13−9 ×13

I
NO A D =3

CO N
A
Hence, the value of the expression is 3.

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 11.54:
ED PR

Question 12: If sin θ + cos θ = √2cos (90° − θ), find cot θ.

C

ANSWER:
©

Given: sin θ + cos θ = √2cos (90° − θ)

We have to find the value of cot 𝜃.

Now,
sin θ + cos θ = √2 cos (90° − θ)
⇒ sin θ + cos θ = √2 sin θ (since, cos (90° − θ) = sin 𝜃)
⇒ cos θ = (√2 − 1) sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃
⇒ = √2 − 1
sin 𝜃

⇒ cot 𝜃 = √2 − 1
Hence, cot 𝜃 = √2 − 1

Page No 11.54:
Question 13: If 2 sin2 θ − cos2 θ = 2, then find the value of θ .
ANSWER:
It is given that,
2 sin2 θ − cos2 θ = 2 ⇒ 2 sin2 θ − 2 = cos2 θ

T IO S I
⇒ −2(1 − sin2 θ) = cos2 θ
NO A D
CO N
⇒ −2cos2 θ = cos 2 θ (1 − sin2 θ = cos2 θ)
A
⇒ 3cos2 θ = 0

PY
DO U A

⇒ cosθ = 0
T
ED PR

⇒ θ = 90°
C
©

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQs)

Page No 11.55:
Question 1: Define an identity.
ANSWER:
An identity is an equation which is true for all values of the variable (s).
For example,
(𝑥 + 3)2 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
Any number of variables may involve in an identity.
An example of an identity containing two variables is
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
The above are all about algebraic identities. Now, we define the
trigonometric identities.
An equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle (say) is said to
be a trigonometric identity if it is satisfied for all valued of for which
the trigonometric ratios are defined.
For examples,

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

T IO S
1 + tan2 θ = sec 2 θ

I
NO A D
1 + cot 2 θ = cosec 2 θ

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 11.55:
T
Question 2: What is the value of (1 − cos2 θ) cosec2 θ?
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

We have,
©

(1 − cos2 𝜃 ) cosec 2 𝜃 = sin2 𝜃 × cosec 2 𝜃

1
= sin2 𝜃 ×
sin2 𝜃

=1

Page No 11.55:
Question 3: What is the value of (1 + cot2 θ) sin2 θ?
ANSWER:
We have,
(1 − cot 2 𝜃 ) sin2 𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃 × sin2 𝜃
1 2
=( ) × sin2 𝜃
sin 𝜃
1
= × sin2 𝜃
sin2 𝜃

=1

Page No 11.55:

T IO S
1
Question 4: What is the value of sin2 θ +

I
?
1+tan2 θ
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
We have,

PY
DO U A
1 1
sin2 θ + = sin2 θ +
T
1+tan2 θ sec2 θ
ED PR

1 2
= sin2 θ + ( )
sec θ
C

= sin2 θ + cos2 θ
©

=1

Page No 11.55:
Question 5: If sec θ + tan θ = x, write the value of sec θ − tan θ in terms
of x.
ANSWER:
Given: sec θ + tan θ = x
We know that,
sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
Therefore,
sec 2 𝜃 + tan2 𝜃 = 1
⇒ (sec θ + tan θ)(sec θ − tan θ) = 1
⇒ 𝑥 (sec θ − tan θ) = 1
1
⇒ (sec θ − tan θ) =
𝑥
1
Hence, sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 =
𝑥

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 11.55:

CO N
Question 6: If cosec θ − cot θ = α, write the value of cosec θ + cot α.
A

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A

Given: cosec θ − cot θ = α

T
ED PR

We know that, cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 1

C

Therefore,
©

cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 1
⇒ (cosec θ − cot θ)(cosec θ − cot θ) = 1
⇒ (cosec θ − cot θ)𝛼 = 1
1
⇒ (cosec θ − cot θ) =
𝛼
1
Hence, cosec θ − cot θ =
𝛼

Page No 11.55:
Question 7: Write the value of cosec2 (90° − θ) − tan2 θ.
ANSWER:
We have,
cosec 2 (90° − 𝜃 ) − tan2 𝜃 = {cosec(90° − 𝜃 ) − tan 𝜃 }
= (sec 𝜃 )2 − tan2 𝜃
= sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃
We know that, sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
Therefore, cosec 2 (90° − 𝜃 ) − tan2 𝜃 = 1

T IO S I
Page No 11.55:
NO A D
CO N
Question 8: Write the value of sin A cos (90° − A) + cos A sin (90° − A).
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

We have,
T
ED PR

sin A cos (90° − A) + cos A sin (90° − A) = sin 𝐴 sin 𝐴 + cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴
C
©

We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 = 1

Therefore, sinA cos(90° − A) + cosA sin(90° − A) = 1

Page No 11.55:
1
Question 9: Write the value of cot 2 θ − .
sin2 θ

ANSWER:
We have,
1 1 2
cot 2 θ − = cot 2 θ − ( )
sin2 θ sin θ

= cot 2 θ − (cosec θ)2

 = cot 2 θ − cosec 2 θ
We know that, cot 2 θ − cosec 2 θ = −1
1
Therefore, cot 2 θ − = −1
sin2 θ

Page No 11.55:
Question 10: If x = a sin θ and y = b cos θ, what is the value
of b2x2 + a2y2?

T IO S I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
Given:
A
x = a sin θ and y = b cos θ

PY
DO U A

So,
T
ED PR

𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑏 2 (𝑎 sinθ)2 + 𝑎2 (𝑏 cosθ)2
C

= 𝑎2 𝑏 2 sin2 θ + 𝑎2 𝑏 2 cos 2 θ
©

= 𝑎2 𝑏 2 (sin2 θ + cos2 θ)
We know that, sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
Therefore, 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2

Page No 11.55:
4
Question 11: If sin θ = , what is the value of cot θ + cosec θ?
5

ANSWER:
4
Given: sin θ =
5

We know that,
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
4 2
⇒ ( ) + cos2 θ = 1
5
16
⇒ + cos2 θ = 1
25
16
⇒ cos2 θ = 1 −
25
9
⇒ cos2 θ =
25

T IO S
3
⇒ cos θ =

I
5

NO A D
We have,

CO N
A
cosθ 1
cot θ + cosec θ = +

PY
sin θ sin θ
DO U A
3
(5)
T 1
= +
ED PR

4 4
(5) (5)

3 5
= +
C

4 4
©

=2
Hence, the value of cot θ + cosec θ is 2.

Page No 11.55:
Question 12: What is the value of 9 cot2 θ – 9 cosec2 θ?
ANSWER:
We have,
9 cot2 θ – 9 cosec2 θ = 9 (cot2 θ – 9 cosec2 θ)
= – 9 (cosec2 θ – cot2 θ)
We know that, cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 1
Therefore, 9cot 2 θ − 9cosec 2 θ = −9

Page No 11.55:
6
Question 13: What is the value of 6 tan2 θ − .
cos2 θ

ANSWER:
We have,

T IO S
6
6 tan2 θ − = 6 tan2 θ − 6 sec 2 θ
cos2 θ

I
NO A D = −6(sec 2 θ − tan2 θ)

CO N
A
We know that, sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1

PY
DO U A
6
Therefore, 6 tan2 θ − = −6
cos2 θ
T
ED PR

Page No 11.55:
C

tan2 θ−sec2 θ
©

Question 14: What is the value of .

cot2 θ−cosec2 θ

ANSWER:
We have,
tan2 θ−sec2 θ −1(sec2 θ− tan2 θ)
=
cot2 θ−cosec2 θ −1(cosec2 θ−cot2 θ)

sec2 θ− tan2 θ
=
cosec2 θ−cot2 θ

We know that,
sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1,
cosec 2 θ − cot 2 θ = 1
Therefore,
 tan2 θ−sec2 θ 1
=
cot2 θ−cosec2 θ 1

=1

Page No 11.55:
Question 15: What is the value of (1 + tan2 θ) (1 − sin θ) (1 + sin θ)?
ANSWER:

T IO S
We have,

I
(1 + tan2 θ) (1 − sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = (1 + tan2 θ) (1 − sin θ) (1 + sin θ)
NO A D
CO N
= (1 + tan2 θ) (1 – sin2 θ)
A

PY
We know that,
DO U A
T
sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1,
ED PR

⇒ sec 2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
C
©

⇒ cos2 θ = 1 − sin2 θ
Therefore,
(1 + tan2 θ) (1 − sin θ) (1 + sin θ) = sec 2 θ × cos2 θ
1
= × cos2 θ
cos2 θ

=1

Page No 11.55:
7
Question 16: If cos A= , find the value of tan A + cot A.
25

ANSWER:
 7
Given: cos A=
25

We know that,
sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
2 7 2
⇒ sin A + ( ) = 1
25
49
⇒ sin2 A + =1
625

T IO S
49
⇒ sin2 A = 1 −
625

I
576
NO A D
⇒ sin2 A =

CO N
625
A
24
⇒ sin 𝐴 =

PY
25
DO U A

Therefore,
T
ED PR

sin 𝐴 cos 𝐴
tan 𝐴 + cot 𝐴 = +
cos 𝐴 sin 𝐴
24 7
C

(25) (25)
= +
©

7 24
(25) (25)

24 7
= +
7 24
(24)2 +(7)2
=
168
576+49
=
168
625
=
168

Page No 11.55:
1
Question 17: If sin θ = , then find the value of 2cot2 θ + 2.
3
ANSWER:
Given:
1
sin θ =
3
1
⇒ =3
sin θ

⇒ cosec θ = 3
We know that,

T IO S
cosec 2 θ − cot 2 θ = 1

I
NO A D
⇒ (3)2 − cot 2 θ = 1

CO N
A
⇒ cot 2 θ = 9 − 1

PY
DO U A
⇒ cot 2 θ = 8
T
ED PR

Therefore,
2cot 2 θ + 2 = 2 × 8 + 2
C

= 16 + 2
©

= 18

Page No 11.55:
3
Question 18: If cos θ = , then find the value of 9tan2 θ + 9.
4

ANSWER:
Given:
3
cos θ =
4
1 4
⇒ =
cos θ 3
 4
⇒ sec 𝜃 =
3

We know that,
sec 2 θ + tan2 θ = 1
4 2
⇒ ( ) + tan2 θ = 1
3
16
⇒ tan2 θ = −1
9

T IO S
7
⇒ tan2 θ =
9

I
NO A D
Therefore,

CO N
A
7
9tan2 θ + 9 = 9 × + 9
9

PY
DO U A
=7+9
T
ED PR

= 16
C

Page No 11.55:
©

Question 19: If sec2 θ (1 + sin θ) (1 − sin θ) = k, then find the value of k.

ANSWER:
Given:
sec2 θ (1 + sin θ) (1 − sin θ) = k
⇒ sec2 θ {(1 + sin θ) (1 − sin θ)} = k
⇒ sec2 θ {(1 + sin2 θ)} = k
1
⇒ × cos2 𝜃 = 𝑘
cos2 𝜃

⇒ 1=k
⇒ 𝑘=1
Hence, the value of k is 1.

Page No 11.55:
Question 20: If cosec2 θ (1 + cos θ) (1 − cos θ) = λ, then find the value of
λ.
ANSWER:
Given:

T IO S
cosec2 θ (1 + cos θ) (1 − cos θ) = λ

I
NO A D
⇒ cosec2 θ {(1 + cos θ) (1 − cos θ)} = λ

CO N
A
⇒ cosec2 θ {(1 + cos2 θ)} = λ

PY
DO U A
⇒ cosec 2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 = λ
T
1
ED PR

⇒ × sin2 𝜃 = λ
sin2 𝜃

⇒ 1=λ
C
©

⇒ λ=1
Thus, the value of λ is 1.

Page No 11.55:
Question 21: If sin2 θ cos2 θ (1 + tan2 θ) (1 + cot2 θ) = λ, then find the
value of λ.
ANSWER:
Given:
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 (1 + tan2 𝜃 )(1 + cot 2 𝜃 ) = λ
⇒ sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 cosec 2 𝜃 = λ
⇒ (sin2 𝜃 cosec 2 𝜃 ) × (cos 2 𝜃 sec 2 𝜃 ) = λ
1 1
⇒ (sin2 𝜃 × ) (cos2 𝜃 × )=λ
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃
⇒𝜆 =1×1=1
Hence, the value of λ is 1.

Page No 11.55:

T IO S
5 1
Question 22: If 5x = sec θ and = tan θ, find the value of 5 (𝑥 2 − ).
𝑥 𝑥2

I
NO A D
ANSWER:

CO N
A
Given:

PY
5
DO U A
5x = sec θ and = tan θ
𝑥
T
ED PR

5
⇒ sec θ = 5x and tan θ =
𝑥

We know that,
C
©

sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
5 2
⇒ (5𝑥 )2 − ( ) = 1
𝑥
25
⇒ 25𝑥 2 − =1
𝑥2
1
⇒ 25 (𝑥 2 − )=1
𝑥2
1
⇒ 5 × 5 × (𝑥 2 − )=1
𝑥2
1 1
⇒ 5 (𝑥 2 − )=
𝑥2 5
 Page No 11.55:
2
Question 23: If cosec θ = 2x and cot θ = , find the value of
𝑥
1
2 (𝑥 2 − ).
𝑥2

ANSWER:
Given:
2
cosec θ = 2x and cot θ =

T IO S
𝑥

I
We know that,
NO A D
CO N
cosec 2 𝜃 − cot 2 𝜃 = 1
A
2 2
⇒ (2𝑥 )2 − ( ) = 1

PY
DO U A
𝑥
T 4
⇒ 4𝑥 2 − =1
ED PR

𝑥2
1
⇒ 4 (𝑥 2 − )=1
𝑥2
C
©

1
⇒ 2 × 2 × (𝑥 2 − )=1
𝑥2
1 1
⇒ 2 (𝑥 2 − )=
𝑥2 2

Page No 11.56:
Question 24: Write True' or False' and justify your answer in each of the
following :
1
(i) The value of sin θ is 𝑥 + , where 'x' is a positive real number .
𝑥
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
(ii) cos θ = , where a and b are two distinct numbers such
2𝑎𝑏
that ab > 0.
(iii) The value of cos 2 23 − sin2 67 is positive .

(iv) The value of the expression sin 80∘ − cos 80° is negative .

(v) The value of sin θ + cos θ is always greater than 1 .

ANSWER:
(i)
1
sinθ = 𝑥 +

T IO S
𝑥
1

I
⇒ −1 ≤ 𝑥 + ≤ 1
NO A D 𝑥

CO N
1
A
⇒𝑥+ ≤1
𝑥

PY
⇒ 𝑥2 + 1 ≤ 𝑥
DO U A
T
⇒ 𝑥2 + 1 − 𝑥 ≤ 0
ED PR

Take 𝑥 = 1,
C

⇒1+1−1≤0
©

⇒1≤0
Which is false, so x is not always a positive real number.
The given statement is false.

(ii)
It is given that,
𝑎2 + 𝑏2
cos θ =
2𝑎𝑏

Since, (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 > 0

[∵(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 > 0, a and b are distant numbers]
⇒ 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 > 2𝑎𝑏
 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
⇒ >1
2𝑎𝑏

⇒ cos𝜃 > 1
But, −1 ≤ cosθ ≤ 1
Therefore, the given statement is false.

(iii)
cos2 23° − sin2 67°

T IO S
= sin2 (90° − 23°) − sin2 67°

I
NO A D
= sin2 67° − sin2 67°

CO N
A
=0

PY
DO U A
Which is not positive, the given statement is false?
T
ED PR

(iv) Consider the table.

C

θ 0º 30º 45º 60º 90º

©

1 1 √3
sin θ 0 1
2 √2 2

√3 1 1
cos θ 1 0
2 √2 2

Here,
√3 1
sin60° − cos60° = − >0
2 2

sin90° − cos90° = 1 − 0 > 0

So, sin80° − cos80° > 0 (sinθ − cosθ ≥ 0 ∀45° ≤ θ ≤ 90°)
Therefore, the given statement is false.
(v)
Consider the table.
θ 0º 30º 45º 60º 90º
1 1 √3
sin θ 0 1
2 √2 2

√3 1 1
cos θ 1 0
2 √2 2

Here,

T IO S
sin90° + cos90° = 1 + 0 = 1, which is not greater than 1

I
NO A D
Therefore, the given statement is false.

CO N
A

PY
Page No 11.56:
DO U A
T
Question 25: What is the value of cos2 67° – sin2 23°?
ED PR

ANSWER:
cos2 67° − sin2 23°
C
©

= cos2 67° − sin2 (90° − 67°)

= cos2 67° − cos2 (67°) (∵ sin2 (90 − θ) = cos 2 θ)
=0
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
Page No 11.56:
Question 1: If sec θ + tan θ = x, then sec θ =

𝑥 2 +1
(a)
𝑥
𝑥 2 +1
(b)
2𝑥
𝑥 2 −1
(c)

T IO S
2𝑥
𝑥 2 −1

I
(d)
NO A D
𝑥

CO N
ANSWER:
A
Given: sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 𝑥

PY
DO U A
T
We know that,
ED PR

sec 2 𝜃 + tan2 𝜃 = 1
C

⇒ (sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 )(sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 ) = 1

©

⇒ 𝑥 (sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 ) = 1
1
⇒ sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 =
𝑥

Now,
sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 𝑥,
1
sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 =
𝑥

Adding the two equations, we get

𝑥 2 +1
(sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 )(sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 ) =
𝑥
𝑥 2 +1
⇒ sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 + sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 =
𝑥
 𝑥 2 +1
⇒ 2 sec 𝜃 =
𝑥
𝑥 2 +1
⇒ sec 𝜃 =
2𝑥

Therefore, the correct choice is (b).

Page No 11.56:

T IO S
Question 2: If secθ + tanθ = 𝑥, then tan θ =

I
NO A D
𝑥 2 +1

CO N
(a)
A
𝑥
𝑥 2 −1
(b)

PY
DO U A
𝑥
𝑥 2 +1
(c)
T
2𝑥
ED PR

𝑥 2 −1
(d)
2𝑥
C

ANSWER:
©

Given:
secθ + tanθ = 𝑥
We know that,
sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
⇒ (sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 )(sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 ) = 1
⇒ 𝑥 (sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 ) = 1
1
⇒ sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 =
𝑥

Now,
sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = 𝑥,
 1
sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 =
𝑥

Subtracting the second equation from the first equation, we get

1
(sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 ) − (sec 𝜃 − tan 𝜃 ) = 𝑥 −
𝑥
𝑥 2 −1
⇒ sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 − sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃 =
𝑥
𝑥 2 −1
⇒ 2 tan 𝜃 =
𝑥

T IO S
𝑥 2 −1
⇒ tan 𝜃 =

I
2𝑥

NO A D
Therefore, the correct choice is (d).

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 11.56:
T
ED PR

1+sin θ
Question 3: √ is equal to
1−sin θ
C

(a) sec θ + tan θ

©

(b) sec θ − tan θ

(c) sec2 θ + tan2 θ
(d) sec2 θ − tan2 θ
ANSWER:
1+sin θ
The given expression is √ .
1−sin θ

Multiplying both the numerator and denominator under the root

by (1 + sin θ), we have
(1+sin θ)(1+sin θ)
√(1+sin
θ)(1−sin θ)
 (1+sin θ)2
= √(1−sin2
θ)

(1+sin θ)2
=√
cos2 θ

1+sin θ
=
cos θ
1 sin 𝜃
= +
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃

T IO S
= sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃

I
Therefore, the correct option is (a).
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.56:

PY
DO U A
T 1+cos θ
Question 4: The value of √ is
ED PR

1−cos θ

(a) cot θ − cosec θ

C

(b) cosec θ + cot θ

©

(c) cosec2 θ + cot2 θ

(d) (cot θ + cosec θ)2
ANSWER:
1+cos θ
The given expression is √ .
1−cos θ

Multiplying both the numerator and denominator under the root by

(1 + cos θ), we have
(1+cos θ)(1+cos θ)
√(1+cos
θ)(1−cos θ)
 (1+cos θ)2
= √(1−cos2
θ)

(1+cos θ)2
=√
sin2 θ

1+cos θ
=
sin θ
1 cos 𝜃
= +
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃

T IO S
= cosec 𝜃 + cot 𝜃

I
Therefore, the correct choice is (b).
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 11.56:

PY
DO U A

Question 5: sec4 A − sec2 A is equal to

T
ED PR

(a) tan2 A − tan4 A

(b) tan4 A − tan2 A
C

(c) tan4 A + tan2 A

©

(d) tan2 A + tan4 A

ANSWER:
The given expression is sec4 A − sec2 A.
Taking common sec2 A form both the terms, we have
sec4 A − sec2 A
= sec2 A (sec4 A – 1)
= (1+ tan2 A) tan2 A
= tan2 A + tan4 A
Disclaimer: The options given in (c) and (d) are same by the
commutative property of addition.
Therefore, the correct options are (c) or (d).

Page No 11.56:
Question 6: cos4 A − sin4 A is equal to

(a) 2 cos2 A + 1
(b) 2 cos2 A − 1

T IO S
(c) 2 sin2 A − 1

I
(d) 2 sin2 A + 1
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
The given expression is cos4 A − sin4 A.

PY
DO U A

Factorizing the given expression, we have

T
ED PR

cos4 A − sin4 A
= (cos2 𝐴 + sin2 𝐴) × (cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴)
C
©

= 1 × (cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴)
= cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴
= cos2 𝐴 − (1 − cos 2 𝐴)
= cos2 𝐴 − 1 + cos 2 𝐴
= 2 cos2 𝐴 − 1
Therefore, the correct option is (b).

Page No 11.57:
sin θ
Question 7: is equal to
1+cos θ
 1+cos θ
(a)
sin θ
1−cos θ
(b)
cos θ
1−cos θ
(c)
sin θ
1+sin θ
(d)
cos θ

ANSWER:
sin θ
The given expression is .

T IO S
1+cos θ

Multiplying both the numerator and denominator under the root

I
NO A D
by (1 − cos θ), we have

CO N
A
sin θ
1+cos θ

PY
DO U A
sin θ(1−cos θ)
= (1+cos
T
θ)(1−cos θ)
ED PR

sin θ(1−cos θ)
=
1−cos2 θ
C

sin θ(1−cos θ)
=
©

sin2 θ
1−cos θ
=
sin θ

Therefore, the correct option is (c).

Page No 11.57:
sin θ cos θ
Question 8: + is equal to
1−cot θ 1−tan θ

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) sin θ + cos θ
(d) sin θ − cos θ
ANSWER:
sin θ cos θ
The given expression is + .
1−cot θ 1−tan θ

Simplifying the given expression, we have

sin θ cos θ
+
1−cot θ 1−tan θ
sin θ cos θ
= cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃
1− sin 𝜃 1−cos 𝜃

T IO S
sin θ cos θ
= sin θ−cos 𝜃 + cos θ−sin 𝜃

I
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

NO A D
CO N
sin2 θ cos2 θ
= +
A
sin θ−cos 𝜃 cos θ−sin 𝜃

PY
sin2 θ cos2 θ
DO U A
= +
sin θ−cos θ −1(sin θ−cos θ)
T
ED PR

sin2 θ cos2 θ
= +
sin θ−cos θ sin θ−cos θ
sin2 θ−cos2 θ
C

=
sin θ−cos θ
©

(sin θ+cos θ)(sin θ−cos θ)

= (sin θ−cos θ)

= sin θ + cos θ
Therefore, the correct option is (c).

Page No 11.57:
Question 9: The value of (1 + cot θ − cosec θ) (1 + tan θ + sec θ) is

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 0
ANSWER:
The given expression is
(1 + cot θ − cosec θ) (1 + tan θ + sec θ)
Simplifying the given expression, we have
(1 + cot θ − cosec θ) (1 + tan θ + sec θ)

T IO S
cos 𝜃 1 sin 𝜃 1
= (1 + − ) (1 + + )

I
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
NO A D
CO N
sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃−1 cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃+1
= ×
A
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

PY
(sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃−1)(cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃+1)
DO U A
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
T
ED PR

{(sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃)−1}{(cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃)+1}

=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃)2 −(1)2
C

=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
©

(sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃)2 −(1)2

=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃)+2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃−1
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃)+2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃−1
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1+2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃−1
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

=2

Therefore, the correct option is (b).

 Page No 11.57:
tan θ tan θ
Question 10: + is equal to
sec θ−1 sec θ+1

(a) 2 tan θ
(b) 2 sec θ
(c) 2 cosec θ
(d) 2 tan θ sec θ

T IO S I
ANSWER:
NO A D tan θ tan θ

CO N
The given expression is + .
A
sec θ−1 sec θ+1

PY
Simplifying the given expression, we have
DO U A

tan θ tan θ
T
+
ED PR

sec θ−1 sec θ+1

tan θ(sec θ+1)+tan θ(sec θ−1)
= (sec θ−1)(sec θ+1)
C

tan θsec θ+tan θ+tan θ sec θ

©

=
sec2 θ−1
2 tan θsec θ
=
tan2 θ
2 sec θ
=
tan θ
1
2 cos 𝜃
= sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃

1
=2
sin 𝜃

= 2 cosec 𝜃

Therefore, the correct option is (c).

 Page No 11.57:
Question 11: (cosec θ − sin θ) (sec θ − cos θ) (tan θ + cot θ) is equal to

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) −1
(d) None of these

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
The given expression is

CO N
A
(cosec θ − sin θ) (sec θ − cos θ) (tan θ + cot θ)

PY
DO U A
Simplifying the given expression, we have
T
(cosec θ − sin θ) (sec θ − cos θ) (tan θ + cot θ)
ED PR

1 1 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
=( − sin 𝜃) ( − cos 𝜃) ( + )
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
C

1−sin2 𝜃 1−cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃

©

= × ×
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃
= × ×
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
=
sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃

=1
Therefore, the correct option is (b).

Page No 11.57:
Question 12: If x = a cos θ and y = b sin θ, then b2x2 + a2y2 =

(a) a2 b2
(b) ab
(c) a4 b4
(d) a2 + b2
ANSWER:
Given:
x = a cos θ, y = b sin θ
So,

T IO S
𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦 2

I
= 𝑏 2 (𝑎 cos 𝜃 )2 + 𝑎2 (𝑏 sin 𝜃 )2
NO A D
CO N
A
= 𝑏 2 𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃

PY
= 𝑏 2 𝑎2 (cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 )
DO U A
T
We know that,
ED PR

sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1
C

Therefore, 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2
©

Hence, the correct option is (a).

Page No 11.57:
Question 13: If x = a sec θ and y = b tan θ, then b2x2 − a2y2 =

(a) ab
(b) a2 − b2
(c) a2 + b2
(d) a2 b2
ANSWER:
Given:
x = a sec θ, y = b tan θ
So,
𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑦 2
= 𝑏 2 (𝑎 sec 𝜃 )2 − 𝑎2 (𝑏 tan 𝜃 )2
= 𝑏 2 𝑎2 sec 2 𝜃 − 𝑎2 𝑏 2 tan2 𝜃
= 𝑏 2 𝑎2 (sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 )

T IO S
We know that,

I
sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃 = 1
NO A D
CO N
Therefore,
A
𝑏 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2

PY
DO U A

Hence, the correct option is (d).

T
ED PR

Page No 11.57:
C
©

cot θ tan θ
Question 14: + is equal to
cot θ−cot 3θ tan θ−tan 3θ

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) −1
(d) 2
ANSWER:
cot θ tan θ
The given expression is + .
cot θ−cot 3θ tan θ−tan 3θ

Simplifying the given expression, we have

cot θ tan θ
+
cot θ−cot 3θ tan θ−tan 3θ
 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
= cos 𝜃 cos 3𝜃 + sin 𝜃 sin 3𝜃
−
sin 𝜃 sin 3𝜃
−
cos 𝜃 cos 3𝜃
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
= cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃−cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 cos 3𝜃−sin 3𝜃 cos 𝜃
sin 𝜃 sin 3𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 3𝜃
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
= +
cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃−cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 3𝜃−sin 3𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃 cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃
= +

T IO S
cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃−cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃 −1(cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃−cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃)
cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃 cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃

I
= +
NO A D
cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃−cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃−cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃

CO N
cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃−cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃
A
=
cos 𝜃 sin 3𝜃−cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃

PY
DO U A
=1
T
Therefore, the correct option is (b).
ED PR

Page No 11.57:
C
©

Question 15: 2(sin6 θ + cos6 θ) − 3 (sin4 θ + cos4 θ) is equal to

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) −1
(d) None of these
ANSWER:
The given expression is 2(sin6 θ + cos6 θ) − 3 (sin4 θ + cos4 θ).
Simplifying the given expression, we have
2(sin6 θ + cos6 θ) − 3 (sin4 θ + cos4 θ)
= 2 sin6 θ + 2 cos6 θ − 3 sin4 θ – 3 cos4 θ
= (2 sin6 θ − 3 sin4 θ) + (2 cos6 θ– 3 cos4 θ)
= sin4 θ (2 sin2 θ – 3) + cos4 θ (2 cos2 θ – 3)
= sin4 θ {(–1 – 2 cos2 θ – 3)} + cos4 θ {(2(1 – sin2 θ – 3)}
= sin4 θ (2 – 2 cos2 θ – 3) + cos4 θ (2 – 2 sin2 θ – 3)
= sin4 θ (–1 – 2 cos2 θ) + cos4 θ (–1 – 2 sin2 θ)
= sin4 θ – 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ – cos4 θ – 2 cos4 θ sin2 θ
= – sin4 θ – cos4 θ – 2 cos4 θ sin2 θ – 2 sin4 θ cos2 θ

T IO S
= – sin4 θ – cos4 θ – 2 cos2 θ sin2 θ (cos2 θ + sin2 θ)

I
NO A D
CO N
= – sin4 θ – cos4 θ – 2 cos2 θ sin2 θ (1)
A
= – sin4 θ – cos4 θ – 2 cos2 θ sin2 θ

PY
DO U A
= – (sin4 θ – cos4 θ + 2 cos2 θ sin2 θ)
T
ED PR

= – {(sin2 θ)2 – (cos2 θ)2 + 2 sin2 θ cos2 θ)}

= – (sin2 θ + cos2 θ)2
C

= – (1)2
©

=–1
Therefore, the correct option is (c).

Page No 11.57:
Question 16: If a cos θ + b sin θ = 4 and a sin θ − b sin θ = 3,
then a2 + b2 =

(a) 7
(b) 12
(c) 25
(d) None of these
ANSWER:
Given:
𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 4
𝑎 sin 𝜃 − 𝑏 cos 𝜃 = 3
Squaring and then adding the above two equations, we have
(𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃 )2 + (𝑎 sin 𝜃 − 𝑏 cos 𝜃 )2 = (4)2 + (3)2
⇒ (𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎 cos 𝜃 . 𝑏 sin 𝜃 ) + (𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 +

T IO S
𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎 sin 𝜃 . 𝑏 cos 𝜃 ) = 16 + 9

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 −

CO N
A
2𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 25

PY
⇒ 𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 + 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 = 25
DO U A
T
⇒ (𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 ) + (𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 + +𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 ) = 25
ED PR

⇒ 𝑎2 (cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 ) + 𝑏 2 (sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 ) = 25

C

⇒ 𝑎2 (1) + 𝑏 2 (1) = 25
©

⇒ 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 25
Hence, the correct option is (c).

Page No 11.57:
Question 17: If a cot θ + b cosec θ = p and b cot θ − a cosec θ = q,
then p2 − q2 =

(a) a2 − b2
(b) b2 − a2
(c) a2 + b2
(d) b − a
ANSWER:
Given:
a cot θ + b cosec θ = p,
b cot θ − a cosec θ = q
Squaring both the equations and then subtracting the second from the first,
we have
(𝑝)2 − (𝑞 )2 = (𝑎 cot 𝜃 + 𝑏 cosec 𝜃 )2 − (𝑏 cot 𝜃 + 𝑎 cosec 𝜃 )2

T IO S
= (𝑎2 cot 2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 cosec 2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎 cot 𝜃 𝑏 cosec 𝜃 ) − (𝑏 2 cot 2 𝜃 +

I
𝑎2 cosec 2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑏 cot 𝜃 𝑎 cosec 𝜃)
NO A D
CO N
A
= 𝑎2 cot 2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 cosec 2 𝜃 + 2𝑎𝑏 cot 𝜃 cosec 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cot 2 𝜃 −
𝑎2 cosec 2 𝜃 − 2𝑎𝑏 cot 𝜃 cosec 𝜃

PY
DO U A

= 𝑎2 cot 2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 cosec 2 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cot 2 𝜃 − 𝑎2 cosec 2 𝜃

T
ED PR

⇒ (𝑏 2 cosec 2 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cot 2 𝜃 ) + (−𝑎2 cosec 2 𝜃 + 𝑎2 cot 2 𝜃 ) = 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2

⇒ 𝑏 2 (cosec 2 𝜃 − cot 2 𝜃 ) − 𝑎2 (cosec 2 𝜃 cot 2 𝜃 ) = 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2
C
©

⇒ 𝑏 2 (1) − 𝑎2 (1) = 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2
⇒ 𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 = 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2
⇒ 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 = 𝑏 2 − 𝑎2
Hence, the correct option is (b).

Page No 11.57:
Question 18: The value of sin2 29° + sin2 61° is

(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 2 sin2 29°
(d) 2 cos2 61°
ANSWER:
The given expression is sin2 29° + sin2 61°.
sin2 29° + sin2 61°
= sin2 29° + (sin 61°)2
= sin2 29° + {sin (90° - 29°)}2

T IO S
= sin2 29° + (cos 29°)2

I
NO A D
= sin2 29° + cos2 29°

CO N
A
=1

PY
DO U A
Hence, the correct option is (a).
T
ED PR

Page No 11.57:
C

Question 19: If x = r sin θ cos ϕ, y = r sin θ sin ϕ and z = r cos θ, then

©

(a) 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 = 𝑟2
(b) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑧2 = 𝑟2
(c) 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 = 𝑟2
(d) 𝑧 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑟 2
ANSWER:
Given:
𝑥 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙
𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙
𝑧 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃
Squaring and adding these equations, we get
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = (𝑟 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜙)2 + (𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜙)2 + (𝑟 cos 𝜃 )2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜙 + 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜙 + 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = (𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜙 + 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜙) + 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 (cos2 𝜙 + sin2 𝜙) + 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 (1) + 𝑟 2 cos 2 𝜃
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 + 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 (sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 )

I
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 (1)
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 = 𝑟2
A
Hence, the correct option is (a).

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 11.58:
Question 20: If sin θ + sin2 θ = 1, then cos2 θ + cos4 θ =
C
©

(a) −1
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) None of these
ANSWER:
Given:
sin θ + sin2 θ = 1
⇒ 1 – sin2 θ = sin θ
Now,
cos2 θ + cos4 θ
= cos2 θ + cos2 θ cos2 θ
= cos2 θ + (1 – sin2 θ) (1 – sin2 θ)
= cos2 θ + sin θ sin θ
= cos2 θ + sin2 θ
=1
Hence, the correct option is (b).

Page No 11.58:

T IO S
Question 21: If a cos θ + b sin θ = m and a sin θ − b cos θ = n,

I
NO A D
then a2 + b2 =

CO N
A
(a) m2 − n2

PY
DO U A
(b) m2n2
T
(c) n2 − m2
ED PR

(d) m2 + n2
ANSWER:
C
©

Given:
a cos θ + b sin θ = m,
a sin θ − b cos θ = n
Squaring and adding these equations, we have
(𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃 )2 + (𝑎 sin 𝜃 + 𝑏 cos 𝜃 )2 = (𝑚)2 + (𝑛)2
⇒ (𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎 cos 𝜃 𝑏 sin 𝜃 ) + (𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 +
𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎 sin 𝜃 𝑏 cos 𝜃 ) = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
⇒ 𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 + 2𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 −
2𝑎𝑏 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
= 𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 + 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
⇒ (𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 ) + (𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 ) = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
⇒ 𝑎2 (cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 ) + 𝑏 2 (sin2 𝜃 cos 2 𝜃 ) = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
⇒ 𝑎2 (1) + 𝑏 2 (1) = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
⇒ 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑚 2 + 𝑛2

Hence, the correct option is (d).

T IO S
Page No 11.58:

I
NO A D
Question 22: If cos A + cos2 A = 1, then sin2 A + sin4 A =

CO N
A
(a) −1

PY
DO U A
(b) 0
T
(c) 1
ED PR

(d) None of these

ANSWER:
C
©

Given:
cos A + cos2 A = 1
⇒ 1 – cos2 A = cos A
So,
sin2 A + sin4 A
= sin2 A + sin2 A sin2 A
= sin2 A + (1 – cos2 A) (1 – cos2 A)
= sin2 A + cos A cos A
= sin2 A + cos2 A
=1

Hence, the correct option is (c).

Page No 11.58:
Question 23: If x = a sec θ cos ϕ, y = b sec θ sin ϕ and z = c tan θ,
𝑥2 𝑦2
then + =
𝑎2 𝑏2

T IO S
𝑧2

I
(a)
NO A D 𝑐2

CO N
𝑧2
1−
A
(b)
𝑐2
𝑧2

PY
(c) −1
DO U A
𝑐2
𝑧2
T
(d) 1 +
ED PR

𝑐2

ANSWER:
C

Given:
©

𝑥 = 𝑎 sec 𝜃 cos 𝜙
𝑥
⇒ = sec 𝜃 cos 𝜙
𝑎

𝑦 = 𝑏 sec 𝜃 sin 𝜙
𝑦
⇒ = sec 𝜃 sin 𝜙
𝑏

𝑧 = 𝑏 tan 𝜃
𝑧
⇒ = tan 𝜃
𝑐

Now,
𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2
( ) + ( ) + ( ) = (sec 𝜃 cos 𝜙)2 + (sec 𝜃 sin 𝜙)2 − (tan 𝜃 )2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ + + = sec 2 𝜃 cos2 𝜙 + sec 2 𝜃 sin2 𝜙 − tan2 𝜃
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ + + = (sec 2 𝜃 cos2 𝜙 + sec 2 𝜃 sin2 𝜙) − tan2 𝜃
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ + + = sec 2 𝜃 (cos2 𝜙 + sin2 𝜙) − tan2 𝜃
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ 2 + 2 + = sec 2 𝜃 (1) − tan2 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ 2 + 2 + = sec 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃

T IO S
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2

I
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ 2 + 2 + =1
𝑎
NO A D
𝑏 𝑐2

CO N
A
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
⇒ + =1+
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

PY
DO U A
Hence, the correct option is (d).
T
ED PR

Page No 11.58:
C

Question 24: If a cos θ − b sin θ = c, then a sin θ + b cos θ =

©

(a) ±√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
(b) ±√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2
(c) ±√𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
(d) None of these
ANSWER:
Given:
a cos θ − b sin θ = c
Squaring on both sides, we have
(a cos θ − b sin θ)2 = c2
⇒ 𝑎2 cos2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃 − 2. 𝑎 cos 𝜃 . 𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 𝑐 2
⇒ 𝑎2 (1 − sin2 𝜃 ) + 𝑏 2 (1 − cos2 𝜃 ) − 2. 𝑎 cos 𝜃 . 𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 𝑐 2
⇒ 𝑎2 − 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 − 2. 𝑎 cos 𝜃 . 𝑏 sin 𝜃 = 𝑐 2
⇒ −𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎 cos 𝜃 . 𝑏 sin 𝜃 = −𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
⇒ −(𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cos2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎 cos 𝜃 . 𝑏 sin 𝜃 ) = −(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 )
⇒ 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cos 2 𝜃 + 2. 𝑎 sin 𝜃 . 𝑏 cos 𝜃 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2

T IO S
⇒ (𝑎 sin 𝜃 + 𝑏 cos 𝜃 )2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2

I
⇒ 𝑎 sin 𝜃 + 𝑏 cos 𝜃 = ±√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2
NO A D
CO N
A
Hence, the correct option is (b).

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 11.58:
Question 25: 9 sec2 A − 9 tan2 A is equal to
C
©

(a) 1
(b) 9
(c) 8
(d) 0
ANSWER:
Given:
9 sec2 A − 9 tan2 A
= 9 (sec2 A − tan2 A)
We know that, sec2 A − 9 tan2 A = 1
Therefore, 9 sec2 A − 9 tan2 A = 9

Hence, the correct option is (b).

Page No 11.58:
Question 26: (1 + tan θ + sec θ) (1 + cot θ − cosec θ) =

(a) 0

T IO S
(b) 1

I
(c) 1
NO A D
CO N
(d) −1
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
The given expression is (1 + tan θ + sec θ) (1 + cot θ − cosec θ).
T
ED PR

Simplifying the given expression, we have

(1 + tan θ + sec θ) (1 + cot θ − cosec θ)
C

sin 𝜃 1 cos 𝜃 1
©

= (1 + + ) (1 + − )
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃+1 sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃−1
= ×
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
(cos 𝜃+sin 𝜃+1)(sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃−1)
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
{(sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃)+1}{(sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃)−1}
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃)2 −(1)2
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃+2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃−1
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
(sin2 𝜃+cos2 𝜃)+2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃−1
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
 1+2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃−1
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
=
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

=2

Disclaimer: None of the given options match with the answer.

T IO S
Page No 11.58:

I
Question 27: (sec A + tan A) (1 − sin A) =
NO A D
CO N
A
(a) sec A

PY
(b) sin A
DO U A
(c) cosec A
T
(d) cos A
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

The given expression is (sec A + tan A) (1 − sin A).

©

Simplifying the given expression, we have

(sec A + tan A) (1 − sin A)
1 sin 𝐴
=( + ) (1 − sin A)
cos 𝐴 cos 𝐴
1+sin 𝐴
=( ) × (1 − sin A)
cos 𝐴
(1+sin 𝐴)(1−sin 𝐴)
=
cos 𝐴
1−sin2 𝐴
=
cos 𝐴
cos2 𝐴
=
cos 𝐴
= cos 𝐴
Therefore, the correct option is (d).

Page No 11.58:
1+tan2 A
Question 28: 1is equal to
1+cot2 A

(a) sec2 A

T IO S
(b) −1

I
(c) cot2 A
NO A D
CO N
(d) tan2 A
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
Given:
T
ED PR

1+tan2 A
1+cot2 A
sin2 𝐴
C

1+
cos2 𝐴
=
©

cos2 𝐴
1+ 2
sin 𝐴

cos2 𝐴+sin2 𝐴
cos2 𝐴
= sin 𝐴+cos2 𝐴
2
sin2 𝐴
1
cos2 𝐴
= 1
sin2 𝐴

sin2 𝐴
=
cos2 𝐴

= tan2 𝐴

Therefore, the correct option is (d).

 Page No 11.58:
Question 29: If sin θ − cos θ = 0 , then the value of sin4 θ + cos4 θ is
1 1
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) (d)
2 4

ANSWER:
It is given that,
sinθ − cosθ = 0
⇒ sinθ = cosθ

T IO S I
sinθ
⇒ =1
cosθ
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ tanθ = 1

PY
⇒ tanθ = tan45°
DO U A
T
⇒ θ = 45°
ED PR

∴ sin4 θ + cos4 θ
= sin4 45° + cos4 45°
C
©

1 4 1 4
=( ) +( )
√2 √2
1 1
= +
4 4
1
=
2
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

Page No 11.58:
Question 30: The value of sin (45° + θ) − cos (45° − θ) is equal to
(a) 2 cos θ (b) 0 (c) 2 sin θ (d) 1
ANSWER:
We know that, sin(90 − θ) = cosθ.
So, sin (45° + θ) = cos [90 − (45° + θ)] = cos (45° − θ)
∴ sin(45° + θ) − cos(45° − θ)
= cos (45° − θ) − cos (45° − θ)
=0
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

T IO S
Page No 11.58:

I
NO A D
Question 31: If ΔABC is right angled at C , then the value of cos ( A +

CO N
B ) is
A

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A

In a right angled triangle ABC, ∠C is a right angle.

T
ED PR

We know that, the sum of angles of a triangle is 180º.

∴ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
C
©

⇒ ∠A + ∠B + 90° = 180°
⇒ ∠A + ∠B = 90°
∴ cos (A + B) = cos 90° = 0
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

Page No 11.59:
Question 32: If cos 9θ = sin θ and 9θ < 900, then the value of tan 6θ is
ANSWER:
It is given that,
cos9θ = sinθ, 9θ < 90°
⇒ sin(90° − 9θ) = sinθ [sin(90° − θ) = cosθ]
⇒ 90° − 9θ = θ
⇒ 10θ = 90°
⇒ θ = 9°
Therefore, tan6θ = tan54°.
Disclaimer: Answer of the given question is not matching with the options
provided in the textbook.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 11.59:

CO N
A
Question 33: If cos (α + β) = 0 , then sin (α − β) can be reduced to

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

It is given that,
cos(α + β) = 0
C

⇒ cos(α + β) = cos90° (cos90° = 0)

©

⇒ α + β = 90°
⇒ α = 90° − β
Now, put α = 90° − β in sin(α − β).
∴ sin(α − β)
= sin(90° − β − β)
= sin(90° − 2β)
= cos2β [sin(90° − θ) = cosθ]
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).