2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬

" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

Parametric Design Between Design and Application in

contemporary Architecture
Dr. Eman mohamed alhawty
Lecturer at October high institute for engineering &Technology
Department of Architecture Engineering
[email protected]
Abstract:
The paper discusses the correlation between the impact of technological development and
environmental compatibility on architecture.
The research seeks to clarify the most important aspects of this effect as part of the analysis of
the theoretical study data.
This development is reflected in design processes, building materials, construction systems,
implementation methods, and more.
This led to the development of architectural thought in the use of digital design methodologies,
modern construction materials and innovative implementation methods. All these elements led
to the formulation of a contemporary architecture that differs in its concept from the concept
recognized in previous trends before the era of information technology.
In the recent period, theorists have overlapped and varied opinions on how to achieve a balance
between the capabilities of technology and the determinants of the environment in order to
produce an objective architecture in terms of performance that does not concern itself with form
without content.
This research presents a methodology for measuring the extent of contemporary architecture
communicates with the place. The methodology relied on the various theses that call for
establishing a balance between authenticity and contemporary, and which are used to evaluate
the architectural practices that are continuous with the place.
Parametric architecture is a style of contemporary architecture. Which has spread to the world
in recent years.
The process of creating the Parametric Model is an important stage in the digital design process
in general and the parametric design process in particular.
Prepares the parameters it provides, who does the design work, who does the custom design
work. By adding or changing one of the elements in the parametric model structure.
The architecture that was exhibited accompanies the trap that appears after the current display
to display images, cool techniques, dynamic modeling techniques, and parametric modeling
techniques.
Research problem:
Activating the role of parametric design and using it to obtain design solutions characterized by
simulating nature, borrowing its details and measurements, and re-representing it.
Research Importance:
The importance of the research is the ability to renew in architectural design and solve the
problems of legalizing complex forms of design and characterizing some forms of nature in a

DOI: 10.21608/mjaf.2021.93882.2480 78
‫ابريل ‪2022‬‬ ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص (‪)4‬‬
‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم) "‬

‫‪simplified form according to a numerical computational system based on the concept of‬‬
‫‪information.‬‬
‫‪Force search:‬‬
‫‪Using parametric design, we can find flexible solutions to design problems within the spaces of‬‬
‫‪shapes inspired by nature, and this leads to a new model for design thinking and support for‬‬
‫‪inspiration from nature.‬‬
‫‪Research Methodology:‬‬
‫‪The research follows an inductive approach‬‬
‫‪Research goal:‬‬
‫‪The research aims to reach the integration between parametric design and sustainable‬‬
‫‪architecture through its applications and impact on architecture, taking into account its‬‬
‫‪disadvantages and taking advantage of its advantages.‬‬

‫‪key words:‬‬
‫‪Parametric Architecture - Contemporary Architecture - Digital Design.‬‬

‫ملخص ‪:‬‬
‫يناقش البحث العالقة التبادلية بين تأثير التطور التكنولوجي والتوافق البيئي علي العمارة فيعمل البحث علي استيضاح ألهم‬
‫مظاهر هذا التاثير وذلك ضمن تحليل معطيات الدراسة النظرية فيظهر ذلك التطور في عمليات التصميم ومواد البناء ونظم‬
‫انشاء حديثة وطرق تنفيذ مبتكرة ادت كل هذه العناصر الي صياغة عمارة معاصرة تختلف في مفهومها عن المفهوم المتعارف‬
‫عليه في االتجاهات السابقة قبل عصر تكنولوجيا المعلومات ‪.‬‬
‫وفي الفترة االخيرة تداخلت وتنوعت اراء المنظرين في كيفية تحقيق التوازن بين امكانيات التكنولوجيا ومعدات البيئة من اجل‬
‫انتاج عمارة موضوعية من الناحية االدائية التهتم بالشكل دون المضمون ‪.‬‬
‫فيقدم هذا الب حث منهجية لقياس مدي تواصل العمارة المعاصرة مع المكان ‪,‬اعتمدت المنهجية علي االطروحات المختلفة التي‬
‫تدعو النشاء التوازن بين االصالة والمعاصرة والتي يتم استخدامها لتقييم الممارسات المعمارية المتواصلة مع المكان ‪.‬‬
‫العمارة البارامترية ‪ parametric‬تعتبر نمط من العمارة المعاصرة والذي انتشر علي مستوي العالم في السنوات االخيرة ‪.‬‬
‫تعد عملية انشاء النموذج البارامتري ‪ parametric model‬مرحلة مهمة في عملية التصميم المعماري بشكل عام و في‬
‫عملية التصميم البارامتري بشكل خاص‬
‫يعد التصميم البارامتري في العمارة المعاصرة منهجا تصميميا مهما في عملية التصميم الرقمي يقوم علي اساس مفهوم‬
‫البارامترات والذي يؤدي الي التنوع عن طريق تغيير قيم البارامترات دون التأثير علي كيان التصميم فيسمح النموذج‬
‫البارامتري للمصمم المعماري باعادة التشكيل الجيومتري دون اعادة الرسم ويساعد كذلك في اكتشاف البدائل التصميمية من‬
‫خالل اضافة او تغيير احد العناصر في هيكل النموذج البارامتري‪.‬‬
‫تتضح تقنيات التصميم المعماري التي رافقت التورة الرقمية والتي اثرت في العمارة المعاصرة والمتمثلة بكل من تقنيات‬
‫الواقع االفتراضي و تقنيات النمذجة الديناميكية وتقنيات النمذجة البارامترية‬
‫مشكلة البحث ‪:‬‬
‫تفعيل دور التصميم البارامتري واستخدامه للحصول علي حلول تصميمية تتميز بمحاكاة الطبيعة واستعارة تفاصيلها وقياساتها‬
‫وإِعادة تمثيلها‪.‬‬

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‫ابريل ‪2022‬‬ ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص (‪)4‬‬
‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم) "‬

‫اهمية البحث ‪:‬‬

‫تتمثل اهمية البحث في القدرة علي التجديد في التصميم المعماري وحل مشكالت تقنين اشكال التصميم المعقدة وتوصيف‬
‫بعض االشكال من الطبيعة في صورة مبسطة وفق نظام حسابي رقمي يقوم على مفهوم المعلومات‪.‬‬
‫فرض البحث ‪:‬‬
‫ً‬
‫باستخدام التصميم البارامتري نستطيع أن نجد حلوال مرنة للمشكالت التصميمية داخل الفراغات من االشكال المستلهمة من‬
‫الطبيعة وذلك يؤدي الي نموذجا جديدا للفكر التصميمي ودعم االستلهام من الطبيعة ‪.‬‬
‫منهجية البحث ‪:‬‬
‫يتبع البحث منهج استقرائي‬
‫هدف البحث ‪:‬‬
‫يهدف البحث الي الوصول للتكامل بين التصميم البارامتري والعمارة المستدامة خالل تطبيقاته و تأثيره في العمارة مع‬
‫مراعاة سلبياته واالستفادة من ايجابياته‪.‬‬

‫الكلمات المفتاحية ‪:‬‬

‫العمارة البارامترية – العمارة المعاصرة – التصميم الرقمي‬

‫‪Figure (1) structure of research‬‬

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2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

Introduction
The rapid development of digital technology has contributed to the emergence of new
approaches to contemporary architectural design
The entry of digital media into the world of architectural design enabled architects to find
architectural blocks that were difficult to express and represent by traditional means.
This tool also gave him the opportunity to test the formation he reached, whether in terms of
plastic design, construction or environmental terms, in addition to the possibility of
modification and discovery of design weaknesses during the effectiveness of the design and not
after implementation
Parametric design in contemporary architecture is an important design approach in the digital
design process based on the concept of parameters, which leads to diversity by changing the
values of parameters without affecting the design entity.
By adding or changing one of the elements in the parametric model structure.
The architectural design techniques that accompanied the digital revolution and that affected
contemporary architecture, represented by virtual reality techniques, dynamic modeling
techniques and parametric modeling techniques, are clear
Employing digital technologies in contemporary architectural trends
Dynamic modeling techniques are employed in architectural formation within many directions
in environmental architecture, including:
Hypersurface architecture
It represents a new architectural trend that works on the interaction between the electronic space
and the environment by presenting advanced ideas for architectural surfaces and materials.
The architecture of interactive surfaces depends on the ability of the computer to easily deal
with irregular B-SPLINE curves and the surfaces from
which it stems are physically interactive, and the dimension is in the third axis in the surface
The reactant is not stable, as the structure of the upper surface used in this design is interactive
in its ability to control and dynamic in its texture, for example:
Al Bahar Towers in Abu Dhabi, which consists of a group of semi-transparent components that
open and close in response to the path of the sun. Each of the towers contains more than 1,000
individual shading devices that are controlled by the building management system to create a
smart facade

Figure (2) Al Bahar Towers in Abu Dhabi

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2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

The entire installation is protected by a variety of sensors that open the units in the event of
cloudy or windy conditions. The external structure is two meters away from the glass structure
of the building and is designed in an independent frame.
Each triangle is coated with fiberglass and programmed according to the movement of the sun.
At night, the canopies remain folded, allowing the main glass facade of the building to be
visible. And when the sun rises in the early morning in the eastern area of the building, the
umbrellas in the eastern area open and whenever the sun moves to cover the other areas of the
building, the umbrellas follow and open according to the movement of the sun.

Figure (3) Using Mashrabiya in Al Bahar Towers in Abu Dhabi

The solar energy that enters the area that enters the area, the surrounding area, the solar energy
consumed by the air conditioning. In addition, the time of the awnings saves the energy
consumed by the lighting during the day.
The benefits of this design are: Reducing glare, improving daylighting inside the building,
reducing the use of artificial lighting, and a 50% reduction in solar energy gain.

Parametric design
is a design methodology based on parametric modeling and scripting techniques.
This methodology might be productively employed on any architectural design, independent of
the architectural style the designer might be adhering to.
All styles can benefit from the advantage of maintaining design malleability during the design's
progressive resolution.
Parametric design is thus equally applicable to all architectural styles and in this sense
stylistically neutral.
Pragmaticism is the contemporary style that is most vigorously advancing its design agenda on
the basis of parametric design techniques.
Conceptual and Operational Definition of Pragmaticism:
Pragmaticism implies that all architectural elements and compositions are parametrically
malleable. This implies a fundamental ontological shift within the basic, constituent elements
of architecture. Instead of the classical and modern reliance on ideal (hermetic, rigid)
geometrical figures - straight lines, rectangles, as well as cubes, cylinders, pyramids, and (semi-
)spheres - the new primitives of pragmaticism are animate (dynamic, adaptive, interactive)
geometrical entities - splines, nurbs, subdivs, particle-spring systems, agent based systems ect.

82
2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

- as fundamental 'geometrical' building blocks for dynamical compositions that react to

“attractors” and that can be made to resonate with each other via scripts

Parametric design concept

It is a new approach in architecture and arts that emerged with the digital system and its various
application programs, in order to renew the architectural design according to a numerical
algorithm based on the concept of information.
It depends on the inclusion of many determinants of the building to be designed such as the
length, width, height, weight and material of each of its elements in order to form a reliable
information base in making decisions during all stages of the implementation of the design
model, and that is why some define it as (design modeling), or standard design. or modular or
modular design

Architectural Origins of Parametric Design

Parametric design is based on engineering foundations known as algorithms.
It is a number of sequential and logical mathematical steps that lead to the solution of a problem.
In simpler terms, it is a key to any issue and the necessary input and output steps. These
algorithms had an effective position in computer science and mathematics, and also helped to
perform various arithmetic operations on computers
Parametric design also relies on borrowing and re-representing nature's details and
measurements.
Therefore, it is closely related to morphology, which studies the shapes and functions of plants,
living organisms, and non-living things represented by rocks that bear a wonderful geometric
design, which is an important source of creativity in architectural design.
God has endowed us with a beautiful nature, and everything in it has been a source of inspiration
and creativity for man in formation and design, and he has tried to benefit from it in aesthetic
and utilitarian designs for the environment since ancient times.
Parametric design is a modern tool that enables the designer to understand the complex
formations in nature and to deal with them in a simplified manner within a codified framework
within different theories, and through various computer tools and programs, through which the
parametric design is achieved, such as the DMAxorut (Inodeskut 3) program. Like (Scripting,
Grasshopper).
Pragmaticism as a design movement emerged in the 1960s.
Among the first architects to implement it were the Spanish Antonio Gaudi (1858-1926 AD),
and the German architect Frei Otto (1925-2015 AD).
These two tried to find a way, such as the methods found in nature, to obtain curved shapes,
which are used in building the optimal shape for domes and curved surfaces
The Iraqi architect, Zaha Hadid (1950-2016 AD), is one of the founders of this trend in
architecture and the arts.
She rose to prominence in the early eighties, and her mark was prominent in the engineering
world.
Hadid is also considered one of the pioneers of deconstructive architecture, and has always been
known as an architecture that transcends predetermined barriers to architecture.

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2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

It was distinguished by its ability to renew and appear in more free and daring forms;
Consolidating the abstract and dynamic concept of mass in its three dimensions.
She moved away from straight architectural lines and right angles, and her designs were
characterized by curves and oblique lines.
Thus, she was able to introduce oblique and sloping forms into the lexicon of architectural
design, and for this reason she was known by the title (Queen of Curves), as well as the title
(Abstract Woman), and her colleague German architect Patrick Schumacher followed her
approach, who believed that parametric architecture was able to integrate all architectural
elements and transformed them into elements or unitary logarithms.
Easy to transform and shape, which helps to strengthen the relationships between the
components and forms of the project and the relationship of the building with its surroundings.
His works were characterized by an excessive fluidity of forms that came as a result of the
development of drawing and digital design, and as a result of the mixing of architectural
concepts with mechanical art and other arts, especially abstract art.

Parametric design features and benefits

The parametric design has several advantages, perhaps the most important of which is its
reliance mainly on flowing and curved lines that resemble fabric and are characterized by
smoothness and movement, and this gives the design a unique shape that attracts attention. This
type of design is also characterized by its reliance on living geometric entities instead of using
classic geometric shapes such as a cube, cylinder, pyramid, and others. One of the most
important principles and basic priorities of parametric (dynamism, relevance and adaptation)..
It is characterized by ease of implementation and manufacture due to its use of repetitive units,
and it is also subject to modification and change at any time; When making any modification
in any part of the design, it appears automatically in the rest of the parts, thus it shortens the
great time and effort required to implement and experiment with these modifications manually,
and the materials and raw materials used in the parametric design are varied; Where iron, wood,
glass, paper, fabric, rubber, plastics and others can be used, which helps to produce various
assortments characterized by their great imitation of nature.
One of the advantages of the parametric design is that all its elements are adaptive and
interconnected in a smooth and soft way. different.
Parametric design has been able to find flexible solutions to design problems within the spaces.
It helps give the illusion of movement and space as a result of repetition and extension. It can
be used as a kind of cladding for old and damaged areas without re-finishing them again, in
addition to giving them new functional and color values through the integration and overlap of
material and color in an integrated and harmonious manner. It is suitable for use in interior and
exterior designs and even in the design of various pieces of furniture, etc., and blends
architecture with sculpture.
Opening the door to unconventional shapes
The importance of this new style of design lies in the fact that it opens up vast and diverse
horizons in architecture and the arts, and enhances the creativity of designers in the production
of thousands of designs. It also allows the designer to explore unconventional forms that he
could not imagine on his own, which in the past seemed unrealistic and unattainable.

84
2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

Finally, the use of computers in design helped designers and architects to present us with
wonderful and innovative designs full of dynamism and movement, through which they were
able to express their ideas and embody them in attractive designs characterized by flexibility
and flow, and achieve aesthetic values.
The importance of parametric design
The parametric design and its effective role in digital architecture trends are clear. Parametric
design represents the medium that strongly influences the emergence of new ways of digital
design in contemporary architectural designs.
As the parametric design does not only affect the formal characteristics of the designs, but it
also produces a new model of design thought.

The research can crystallize the importance of architectural design in the following:
1-Generate and discover multiple design alternatives
2- Flexibility and adaptability
3- The possibility of using parametric design at different stages of the design process during
design and construction.
4- The ability of the parametric design to represent and model complex geometric shapes
5- Parametric design has an important role in performance design
6- Application of modeling

The role of parametric design in architectural environmental compatibility

The development of parametric modeling techniques has allowed a compatibility between the
design functions and the geometry by means of expert systems and the rules of the form.
Performance evaluation and modification of the geometric model, which leads to performance-
based design processes.
The design process of the Swiss Re building in London by Architect Forster is a preliminary
case study of a performance-based approach, including a parametric design controlled by an
interactive process towards improving performance. The building facade and shell are modified
according to structural performance and wind load. The performance is structural or
environmental represented by the performance of solar energy.

Figure (4) the design of the Swiss Re building in London

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2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

In the design of the City Hall of London, the parametric design was employed to treat the curved
shape of this design, which is not only an aesthetic expression, but it helps reduce the area of
its outer surface by 25% than any other formation, and then reduces the heat energy gained from
outside and the energy lost through the cover, which It achieves optimum thermal performance.

Figure (5) the design of the City Hall of London

Structural principles are an integral part of the design process. Through the creation of
parametric models, new possibilities arise that allow a more integrated design process. The
architect and structural engineer can communicate through parametric models that allow
structural analysis and help the structural engineer to make correct decisions by obtaining
geometric explanations and changing design requirements. continuously .

The application of parametric modeling in a variety of design standards ranging from

building design to interior design:
The parametric orientation allows designers to achieve complete fluidity in all stages of design
from initial sketches to construction. Below are a variety of parametric design applications.

86
‫ابريل ‪2022‬‬ ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص (‪)4‬‬
‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم) "‬

‫‪Figure (6) Parametric design in in the external coverings of buildings‬‬

‫‪Figure (7) Parametric design in interiors‬‬

‫‪87‬‬
‫ابريل ‪2022‬‬ ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص (‪)4‬‬
‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم) "‬

‫‪Figure (8) Parametric furniture pieces‬‬

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2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

Figure (9) Parametric furniture pieces

The Parametric Modelling Process

Parametric models are built from a set of mathematical equations. For parametric models to
have any legitimacy, they must be based on real project information. It is the modernity of the
information examination techniques and the breadth of the hidden undertaking information
which decides the viability of a modelling solution.

There are two popular parametric representation models:

Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)
CSG defines a model in terms of combining basic (primitive) and generated (using extrusion
and sweeping operation) solid shapes. It uses Boolean operations to construct a model. CSG is
a combination of 3D solid primitves (for example a cylinder, cone, prism, rectangle or sphere)
that are then manipulated using simple Boolean operations.

Boundary Representation (BR)

In BR, a solid model is formed by defining the surfaces that form its spatial boundaries (points,
edges, etc.) The object is then made by joining these spatial points. Many Finite Element
Method (FEM) programs use this method, as it allows the interior meshing of the volume to be
more easily controlled.

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2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

parametric applications

Figure (10) TED 2018 INSTALLATION BY STUDIO ROBAZZO

Design an elegant space partition installation at TED2018: The Age of Amazement. They were
faced with the problem of creating intimate moments within the gargantuan hall of the
Vancouver Convention Centre, and needed something that would break up the space without
being clunky or awkward.
create a visual impact in the ‘quiet areas’ of the TED2018 Closing Celebration.
gave Robazzo a brief to create dividing walls that would be visually appealing and also bring
height to the space. Robazzo used their innovative digital design process to create custom walls
that not only added height and created separate seating pods, but their unique and complex
design also added visual appeal and an extra level of dimension to the space. VIP guests enjoyed
the quiet seating areas in what now felt like a thoroughly designed experience and the walls
themselves became a talking point.”

Figure (11) GUANGZHOU OPERA HOUSE BY ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS

Figure (12) GUANGZHOU OPERA HOUSE

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2022 ‫ابريل‬ )4( ‫مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم اإلنسانية – عدد خاص‬
" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

The design evolved from the concepts of a natural landscape and the fascinating interplay
between architecture and nature; engaging with the principles of erosion, geology and
topography. The Guangzhou Opera House design has been particularly influenced by river
valleys – and the way in which they are transformed by erosion.
Fold lines in this landscape define territories and zones within the Opera House, cutting
dramatic interior and exterior canyons for circulation, lobbies and cafes, and allowing natural
light to penetrate deep into the building. Smooth transitions between disparate elements and
different levels continue this landscape analogy. Custom moulded glass-fibre reinforced
gypsum (GFRC) units have been used for the interior of the auditorium to continue the
architectural language of fluidity and seamlessness.

Figure (13) SERPENTINE PAVILION BY BJARKE INGELS GROUP

The Serpentine Pavilion, designed by Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), was an ‘unzipped wall’ that
was transformed from straight line to three-dimensional space, creating a dramatic structure that
by day housed a café and free family activities and by night became a space for the Serpentine’s
acclaimed Park Nights programme of performative works by artists, writers and musicians.
Kunlé Adeyemi’s Summer House was an inverse replica of Queen Caroline’s Temple – a tribute
to its robust form, space and material, recomposed into a new sculptural object. Barkow
Leibinger were inspired by another, now extinct, 18th century pavilion also designed by
William Kent, which rotated and offered 360-degree views of the Park.
Yona Friedman’s Summer House took the form of a modular structure that could be assembled
and disassembled in different formations, and built upon the architect’s pioneering project La
Ville Spatiale (Spatial City) begun in the late 1950s.
The materials include wooden floors and extruded Fiberline profiles, providing every surface
with a warm glow and linear texture – from the mesh of woven glass fibres to the undulating
lines of the grain of wood.

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Figure (14) GROTTO SAUNA BY PARTISANS

Perched at the northwest edge of an island in Georgian Bay, Ontario, the Grotto Sauna is a feat
of old-world craftsmanship and new-world sustainability made possible by cutting-edge
software and fabrication technology.
A simple but dignified exterior built from charred cedar prepared using the traditional Japanese
Shou Sugi Ban method conveys a weathered appearance—it’s as if the building has been hidden
in plain sight for centuries. The warm, curved interior emulates Lake Huron’s waves and mirrors
the Precambrian shield—a soft, undulating rock surface that has been worn over billions of
years.
These are the benefits offered by 3D parametric modelling over traditional 2D drawings:
Capability to produce flexible designs
3D solid models offer a vast range of ways to view the model
Better product visualization, as you can begin with simple objects with minimal details
Better integration with downstream applications and reduced engineering cycle time
Existing design data can be reused to create new designs
Quick design turnaround, increasing efficiency

Advantages and disadvantages of Parametric Modeling

Why-Use-Direct-modeling tools are conducive for design tasks which involve strict criteria for
manufacturing objects on a continuous basis.

Pros of Parametric Modeling

Automatic model updates whenever new changes are made
Easy capture of design intent for defining the behavior of the model conveniently
Automatic family creation
Superb integration with manufacturing processes; thereby resulting in decreased production
time

Cons of Parametric Modeling

Parametric 3D Modeling can become heavy-handed during concept design; especially when
designers are still exploring ideas
Updates take more time in parametric models in case of last-stage design changes

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" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

Results
1-Parametric design takes inspiration from nature.
2- The parametric design emphasizes the importance of studying computer programs such as
grasshopper, bim, raino and environmental analysis programs.
3- Parametric design has an important role in architectural environmental compatibility
4- Parametric design allows designers to achieve complete fluidity in all stages of design.
5- Parametric design represents the medium that strongly influences the emergence of new ways
of digital design in contemporary architectural designs.
6- Parametric design not only affects the formal characteristics of designs, but also produces a
new model of design thought
7- Parametric design has an important role in generating and discovering multiple design
alternatives
8-Flexibility and adaptability in the parametric design give it priority in choosing the designer.
9 - The use of parametric design in different stages of the design process during design and
construction.
10- Parametric design has the ability to represent and model complex geometry shapes
11- Parametric design has an important role in performance design and in the application of
modeling8-Parametric design has the ability to represent and model complex geometry shapes.

Recommendations
1- The need for architects to draw attention to new concepts in architectural design and to use
modern modeling programs.
2- Take advantage of the parametric design features in the architectural environmental
compatibility.
3- Applying new methods of digital design in architectural designs.
4- The necessity of training students of the faculties of engineering and interior design on
modern design programs such as Maya and Bellhopper to meet the requirements of the labor
market.

Conclusion
The rapid development of digital technology led to the entry of digital media into the world of
architectural design, which led to the ease of designing architectural blocks that were difficult
to express by traditional means.
Parametric design in contemporary architecture is an important design approach in the design
process.
The architectural design techniques that accompanied the digital revolution and that affected
contemporary architecture, represented by virtual reality techniques, dynamic modeling
techniques and parametric modeling techniques, are clear.
Parametric design is concerned with finding a suitable design for all fields such as architecture,
interior design, industrial design, and others.

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" )‫" التحديات الحضارية في ظل األلفية الثالثة (تراث – تكنولوجيا – تصميم‬

References:
1-Abdul-halim Jabr, on site Review Report ,puplished article,2016
2-Aish, R.,Woodbury,R..Multi-Level interaction in parametric design,2005.
3-Biloria, N.,Oosterhuis,K.,7Aalbers,C.,Design informatics: a case based on investigation into
parametric design scripting and Cnc based manufacturing techniques.2006
4-Kat Park and Nicholas Holt, Parametric Design Process of a Complex Building In Practice
Using Programmed Code. As Master Model .Kat Park and Nicholas Holt issue03,2014
5-Makis, Presences de Iamusique contemporaine (CDMC),2001
6-Rodrigo Garcia Alvarado, Jaime Jofre Munoz, The Control Of Shape: Origins Of Parametric
Design In Architecture In Xenakis, Gehry And Grimshaw,2012

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