MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.

)
IN

POLYMER CHEMISTRY
PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS

2019-20 ADMISSION ONWARDS

(UNDER MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY PGCSS

REGULATIONS 2019)

BOARD OF STUDIES IN CHEMISTRY (PG)

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

2019

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 1

 PREFACE

I feel privileged in presenting the revised curriculum and syllabus of

CH05 M. Sc. POLYMER CHEMISTRY PROGRAM for favour of approval by the
Faculty of Science and Academic Council of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala,
India.

With effect from 2012-2013 academic year, the University has introduced the
Credit & Semester system for all the PG programmes in affiliated colleges/institutions, as per
Mahatma Gandhi University PG Programme Regulations for Credit& Semester System
2011(MGU-CSS-PG). The University has decided to revise the syllabus and curriculum as
per University Order No.7484/Ac.AIX/syllabus revision committee dated 22/02/2018 with
effect from 2019 academic year.

Based on the guidelines of M. G. University for Credit & Semester System, the
PGBOS prepared draft proposals for revised curricula and syllabi of all the five branches of
M.Sc. Chemistry. With the active participation of resource persons and teacher
representatives from all the colleges, a three-day workshop was conducted during 17-19
January 2019 at St. Thomas College, Palai for revising the existing curricula and syllabi.
Finalisation of the proposal of the restructured curricula and syllabi was made by the BOS by
incorporating many of the suggestions raised by the participants in the workshop.

With dedicated efforts, wholehearted support and involvement of all the members of
the BOS, the task of preparing the curricula and syllabi and bringing it out in the present form
was made possible. I sincerely express my whole-hearted gratitude to all the fellow members
of the BOS for their endless help, cooperation and encouragement showered on me for the
completion of this great task. I am also thankful to all Resource Persons and Teacher
Representatives from Postgraduate Chemistry Departments of various colleges for their
active participation and fruitful suggestions during the three-day workshop.

Dr. GEETHA P

Chairperson, PG Board of Studies in Chemistry

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 2

 THE BOARD OF STUDIES IN CHEMISTRY (PG)
Chairperson:

Dr. GEETHA P
Associate Professor & Head
Department of Chemistry
D.B.Pampa College, Parumala, Pathanamthitta
Members:

1. Dr. SUNNY KURIAKOSE

Associate Professor & Head
Research & P.G. Department of Chemistry
St.Thomas College, Palai
2. Dr. HARISHARMA P. N.
Associate Professor
Department of Chemistry
Sreesankara Vidyapeedom College,Perumbavoor
3. Dr. SHAJI P. THOMAS
Associate Professor
Department of Chemistry
BAM College,Thuruthicadu
4. Dr. M. G. BHUVANESWARI
Associate Professor
Department of Chemistry
SNM College, Malliankara
5. Smt. SHERLY MATHEW
Associate Professor
Department of Chemistry
St.George College,Aruvithura
6. Shri. SREEKANTH K. C.
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemistry
Government College, Kattappana
7. Dr. JESTY THOMAS
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry
K.E. College, Mannam
8. Dr. SINDHU MATHAI
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry
Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta
9. Shri. N.G. RAJEEV
Associate Professor,
N.S.S Hindu College, Changanacherry
10. Dr. JAYASREE S.
Associate Professor,
Govt. Arts College, Kozhikode

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 3

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S No Title Page Nos

1 General Information 05-08

2 Program Structure 09-10

3 Syllabus 11-82

Semester 1 11-23

Semester 2 24-42

Semester 3 43-54

Semester 4 55-82

4 Model Question Papers 83-115

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 4

 General Information

M. Sc. Chemistry Degree Program

(Mahatma Gandhi University Regulations PGCSS2019 from 2019-20 Academic Year)

1. Aim of the Programme

Chemistry, being central to all other sciences, its study provides a fundamental insight
into the changes taking place in and around our fascinating nature. No one can understand the
modern world without the basic knowledge of Chemistry and its advanced study help us to
have a thorough knowledge of the entire world.

Through lectures, laboratory work, exercises, project work, and its independent
master's thesis, students will gain knowledge about relevant working methods for research,
industry, administration, and education. The Master's degree program in Chemistry lays the
foundation for doctoral programs in Chemistry.

2. Eligibility Criteria for admissions

Graduation in Chemistry/Petrochemicals with not less than CCPA of 5.00 out of

10.00 in Core Group (Core + Complementary + Open Courses).

Relaxation in Marks in the qualifying examination:

1. For SC/ST category, a pass in the qualifying examination is the minimum

requirement for admission.
2. For OEC category CCPA of 4.5 in the qualifying examination is required.

3. Medium of instruction

English

Assessment

The weightage for internal & external evaluation of theory/practical/

project/comprehensive viva-voce is 5 & 15 and the maximum Weighted Grade Point (WGP)
is 25 & 75 respectively, (ratio 1:3)

Pattern of Questions

Sl.No. Type of Questions Weight Number of questions to

be answered

1. Short Answer type questions 1 8 out of 10

2 Short essay/ problem solving type questions 2 6 out of 8

3. Long Essay type questions 5 2 out of 4

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 5

Direct Grading System

Direct Grading System based on a 7–point scale is used to evaluate the performance
(External and Internal Examination of students)

For all courses (theory & practical)/semester/overall programme Letter grades and
GPA/SGPA/CGPA are given on the following scale:

Range Grade Indicator

4.50 to 5.00 A+ Outstanding

4.00 to 4.49 A Excellent

3.50 to 3.99 B+ Very good

3.00 to 3.49 B Good (Average)

2.50 to 2.99 C+ Fair

2.00 to 2.49 C Marginal

up to 1.99 D Deficient(Fail)

Minimum C grade is required for pass in a course.

Evaluation first stage - Both internal and external (to be done by the teacher)

Grade Grade Points

A+ 5

A 4

B 3

C 2

D 1

E 0

Weightage Distribution for External and Internal Examination

Theory-External

Maximum weight & Maximum Weighted Grade Point (WGP) for external evaluation
is 30 and150 respectively.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 6

Theory-Internal (Components and Weightage)

Components Weightage

1. Assignment 1

ii Seminar 2

iii Best Two Test papers 1 each (2)

Total 5

Practical-External (Components and Weightage)

Components Weightage

Written / Lab test 10

Record 2

Viva 3

Total 15

Practical-Internal (Components and Weightage)

Components Weightage

Written/Lab test 3

Lab involvement 1

Viva 1

Total 5

Project- External (Components and Weightage)

Components Weightage

Relevance of the topic and analysis 2

Project content and presentation 8

Project viva 5

Total 15

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 7

Project- Internal (Components and Weightage)

Components Weightage

Relevance of the topic and analysis 1

Project content and presentation 3

Project viva 1

Total 5

Comprehensive viva-voce (External)-components and weightage

Components Weightage

Course viva (all courses from first 15

semester to fourth semester)

Total 15

Comprehensive viva (Internal) - Components and Weightage

Components Weightage

Course viva (all courses from first 5

semester to fourth semester)

Total 5

4. Faculty under which the Degree is awarded

Science

5. Note on compliance with the UGC minimum standards for the conduct and
award of Post Graduate Degrees

Credit and Semester system is followed in this program. The program has 4 semesters
with 18 weeks in each semester. In each week, there are 15 lecture hours and 10 laboratory
hours. In each semester there are 270 lecture hours and180 practical hours; thus a total of 450
calendar hours in each semester which is in compliance with the minimum 390 hours
stipulated by the UGC.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 8

 PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

Code Course Hours / Total Credit

Week Hours
Organometallics and Nuclear
CH 50 01 01 4 72 4
Chemistry
CH 50 01 02 Structural and Molecular Organic
4 72 4
Chemistry
CH 50 01 03 Quantum Chemistry and Group
4 72 4
Theory
CH 50 01 04 Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and
3 54 4
Semester 1

Statistical Thermodynamics
CH 50 02 05 Inorganic Chemistry Practical-1 3 54 Evaluation at
the end of
CH 50 02 06 Organic Chemistry Practical-1 3 54 second semester

CH 50 02 07 Physical Chemistry Practical-1 4 72

Total 25 450 16
CH 50 02 01 4 72 4
Coordination Chemistry
CH 50 02 02 4 72 4
Organic Reaction Mechanisms
CH 50 02 03 Chemical Bonding and
Semester 2

4 72 3
Computational Chemistry
CH 50 02 04 3 54 3
Molecular Spectroscopy
CH 50 02 05 3 54 3
Inorganic Chemistry Practical-1
CH 50 02 06 3 54 3
Organic Chemistry Practical-1
CH 50 02 07 4 72 3
Physical Chemistry Practical-1
Total 25 450 23
CH 50 03 01 Structural Inorganic Chemistry 4 72 4

CH 05 03 02 Chemical Kinetics and Surface 4 72 4

Chemistry
Semester 3

CH 05 03 03 Concepts of Polymer Chemistry

4 72 4
CH 50 03 04 Spectroscopic Methods in Chemistry 3 54 4
CH 05 04 05 Polymer Preparative Practical-2 3 54 Evaluation at
the end of fourth
CH 05 04 06 Polymer Characterization Practical-2 3 54 semester

CH 05 04 07 Polymer Processing and Testing 4 72

Practical-2
Total 25 450 16

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 9

 Elective(Group A)
Properties and Characterisation 5 90 4
CH 88 04 01
Methods of Polymers
Advances in Polymer Science and 5 90 4
CH 88 04 02
Technology
5 90 4
CH 88 04 03 Advanced Organic Chemistry
Elective(Group B)
CH 89 04 01 Medicinal Chemistry 5 90 4
Advances in Polymer Science and 5 90 4
Semester 4

CH 89 04 02
Technology
CH 89 04 03 Analytical Chemistry 5 90 4
2
CH 05 04 04 Project
CH 05 04 05 Polymer Preparative Practical-2 3 54 3
CH 05 04 06 Polymer Characterization Practical-2 3 54 3
CH 05 04 07 Polymer Processing and Testing 4 72 3
Practical-2
2
CH 05 04 08 Viva
Total 25 450 25

GRAND TOTAL 80

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 10

 SEMESTER 1

CH 50 01 01 ORGANOMETALLICS AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 72

Objective of the course

The learners should be able to apply and analyse the methods of synthesis and the
mechanism of selected catalytic organic reactions from the structure-bonding aspects and
reactivity of simple organometallic compounds, the functions of transition metal ions in
biological systems and the applications of radioactive isotopes in various fields.

Unit 1: Organometallic Compounds-Synthesis, Structure and Bonding (18 Hrs)

1.1 Hapto nomenclature of organometallic compounds, organometallic compounds with

linear pi donor ligands-olefins, acetylenes, dienes and allyl complexes-synthesis,
structure and bonding.

1.2 Synthesis and structure of complexes with cyclic pi donors, metallocenes and cyclic
arene complexes, bonding in ferrocene and dibenzenechromium, carbene and carbyne
complexes.

1.3 Metal carbonyls: CO as a π-bonding ligand, synergism, preparation, properties,

structure and bonding of simple mono and binuclear metal carbonyls, metal nitrosyls,
metal cyanides and dinitrogen complexes. Polynuclear metal carbonyls with and
without bridging. Carbonyl clusters-LNCCS and HNCCS, Isoelectronic and isolobal
analogy, Wade-Mingos rules, cluster valence electrons. IR spectral studies of bridging
and non-bridging CO ligands.

Unit 2: Reactions of Organometallic Compounds (9 Hrs)

2.1 Substitution reactions: Nucleophilic ligand substitution, nucleophilic and electrophilic

attack on coordinated ligands.

2.2 Addition and elimination reactions-1, 2 additions to double bonds, carbonylation and
decarbonylation. Oxidative addition- concerted addition, SN2, radical and ionic
mechanisms. Reductive elimination- binuclear reductive elimination and σ-bond
metathesis. Oxidative coupling and reductive decoupling. Insertion (migration) and
elimination reactions – insertions of CO and alkenes, insertion into M−H versus
M−R, α, β, γ and δ eliminations.

2.3 Redistribution reactions, fluxional isomerism of allyl, cyclopentadienyl and allene

systems.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 11

Unit 3: Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds (18 Hrs)

3.1 Homogeneous and heterogeneous organometallic catalysis: Tolman catalytic loops,

alkene hydrogenation using Wilkinson catalyst.

3.2 Reactions of carbon monoxide and hydrogen-the water gas shift reaction, the Fischer-
Tropsch reaction (synthesis of gasoline).

3.3 Hydroformylation of olefins using cobalt and rhodium catalysts.

3.4 Polymerization by organometallic initiators and templates for chain propagation-

Ziegler Natta catalysts, polymerisation by metallocene catalysts.

3.5 Carbonylation reactions: Monsanto acetic acid process, olefin hydroformylation- oxo
process, carbonylation of alkenes and alkynes in the presence of a nucleophile- the
Reppe reaction. Carbonylation of aryl halides in the presence of a nucleophile.

3.6 Olefin methathesis-synthesis gas based reactions, photodehydrogenation catalyst

(“Platinum Pop”).

3.7 Oxidation of olefins: Palladium catalysed oxidation of ethylene-the Wacker process,

epoxidation of olefins, hydroxylation by metal-oxo complexes

3.8 Asymmetric catalysis- Asymmetric hydrogenation, isomerisation and epoxidation.

3.9 C-H activation and functionalization of alkanes and arenes: Radicaltype oxidation,
hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, carbonylation and regioselective borylation of
alkanes and cycloalkanes. Radical type reactions, electrophilic reactions,
carbonylation and borylation of arenes. Insertion of alkenes and alkynes in the Ar-H
bond.

3.10 Application of palladium catalysts in the formation of C-O and C-N bonds, oxidative
coupling reactions of alkynes with other unsaturated fragments for the formation of
cyclic and heterocylic compounds. The Dӧtz reaction.

Unit 4: Bioinorganic Compounds (18 Hrs)

4.1 Essential and trace elements in biological systems, toxic effects of metals (Cd, Hg, Cr,
Pb and As), structure and functions of biological membranes, mechanism of ion
transport across membranes, sodium pump, ionophores, valinomycin. Phosphate
esters in biology, Redox metalloenzymes, cytochromes-cytochrome P450.

4.2 Oxygen carriers and oxygen transport proteins: Structure and functions of
haemoglobins and myoglobin, oxygen transport mechanism, cooperativity,
Bohreffect. Structure and functions of haemerythrins and haemocyanin.

4.3 Biochemistry of zinc and copper: Structure and functions of carbonic anhydrase,
carboxypeptidase A and superoxide dismutase.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 12

4.4 Other important metal containing biomolecules: Vitamin B12 and the vitamin B12
coenzymes, photosynthesis-chlorophyll a, PS I and PS II.

4.5 Role of calcium in muscle contraction, blood clotting mechanism and biological
calcification. Metals in medicine-therapeutic applications of cis-platin, radioisotopes
and MRI agents.

Unit 5: Nuclear Chemistry (9 Hrs)

5.1 Nuclear Reactions: Q value and reaction threshold, reaction cross section, cross
section and reaction rate, neutron capture cross section- variation of neutron capture
cross section with energy (1/V law). Nuclear fission - fission fragments and mass
distribution, fission yields, fission energy, fission cross section and threshold fission
neutrons, nuclear fusion reactions and their applications.

5.2 Principles of counting technique: G.M. counter, proportional, ionization and

scintillation counters, cloud chamber.

5.3 Synthesis of transuranic elements: Neptunium, Plutonium, Curium, Berkelium,

Einsteinium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium

5.4 Analytical applications of radioisotopes-radiometric titrations, kinetics of exchange

reactions, measurement of physical constants including diffusion constants,
Radioanalysis, Neutron Activation Analysis, Prompt Gama Neutron Activation
Analysis and Neutron Absorptiometry.

5.5 Radiation chemistry of water and aqueous solutions. Measurement of radiation doses.
Relevance of radiation chemistry in biology, organic compounds and radiation
polymerization.

References

1. J. E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, R.L. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry Principles of Structure

and Reactivity, 4th Edn., Harper Collins College Publishers,1993.
2. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo, M. Bochmann, Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry, 6th edition, Wiley-Interscience, 1999.
3. K. F. Purcell, J. C. Kotz, Inorganic Chemistry, Holt-Saunders, 1977.
4. P. Powell, Principles of Organometallic Chemistry, 2nd Edn., Chapman and Hall,
1988.
5. B. E. Douglas, D.H. McDaniel, J. J. Alexander, Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Wiley-India, 2007.
6. B. D. Guptha, A.J Elias, Basic Organometallic Chemistry, Universities Press, 2010.
7. R.W. Hay, Bio Inorganic Chemistry, Ellis Horwood, 1984.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 13

 8. Sumit Bhaduri, Doble Mukesh, Homogeneous Catalysis: Mechanism and Industrial
Applications, Wiley Interscience, 2000.
9. Astruc, D.; Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, Springer Verlag, 2007.
10. Robert H. Crabtree, The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, 4th
Edn., Wiley Interscience, 2005.
11. R. M. Roat-Malone, Bioinorganic Chemistry A Short Course, Wiley Interscience,
2007.
12. Robert R. Crichton, Biological Inorganic Chemistry A New Introduction to
Molecular Structure and Function, Elsevier, 2012.
13. H. J. Arnikar, Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, Wiley Eastern, 1982.
14. S. N. Goshal, Nuclear Physics, S. Chand and Company, 2006.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 14

CH 50 01 02 STRUCTURAL AND MOLECULAR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 72

Objectives of the Course

To learn and apply the fundamental concepts and mechanisms of organic and
photochemical reactions, stereochemistry and conformational analysis of organic
compounds.

Unit 1: Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry (18 Hrs)

1.1 Review of basic concepts in organic chemistry: Bonding, hybridisation, MO

picture of butadiene and allyl systems.
1.2 Electron displacement effects: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance
effect, hyperconjugation, steric effect. Bonding weaker than covalent bonds.
1.3 Concept of aromaticity: Delocalization of electrons - Hückel’s rule, criteria for
aromaticity, examples of neutral and charged aromatic systems - annulenes.
NMR as a tool, carbon nanotubes and graphene

1.4 Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions

with examples. Arenium ion intermediates. SN1, SNAr, SRN1 and benzyne
mechanisms.

Unit 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (9 Hrs)

2.1 Energy profiles. Kinetic versus thermodynamic control of product formation,

Hammond postulate, kinetic isotope effects with examples. Linear free energy
relationships-Hammet equation, Taft equation.

2.2 Catalysis by acids,bases and nucleophiles with examples from acetal,

cyanohydrin .Ester formation and hydrolysis reactions of esters-AAC2, AAC1,
AAL1, BAC2and BAL1 mechanisms. Hard and soft acids, bases - HSAB
principle and its applications (organic reactions only)

Unit 3: Organic Photochemistry (9hrs)

3.1 Photoreactions of carbonyl compounds: Norrish reactions of ketones. Patterno-

Buchi reaction. Barton (nitrite ester reaction); Di-π-methane and Photo Fries
rearrangements, photochemistry of conjugated dienes (butadiene only),
photochemistry of vision.

Unit 4: Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds (18Hrs)

4.1 Stereoisomerism: Definition based on symmetry and energy criteria,

configuration and conformational stereoisomers, introduction to Akamppt
isomerism(basic idea only)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 15

4.2 Center of chirality: Molecules with C, N, S based chiral centers,absolute
configuration, enantiomers, racemic modifications, R and S nomenclature using
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules, molecules with a chiral center and Cn, molecules
with more than one center of chirality, definition of diastereoisomers,
constitutionally symmetrical and unsymmetrical chiral molecules, erythro and
threo nomenclature.

4.3 Axial, planar and helical chirality with examples,stereochemistry and absolute
configuration of allenes, biphenyls and binaphthyls, ansa and cyclophanic
compounds, spiranes, exo-cyclic alkylidenecycloalkanes.

4.4 Topicity and prostereoisomerism, topicity of ligands and faces as well as their
nomenclature, NMR distinction of enantiotopic/diastereotopic ligands.

4.5 Geometrical isomerism: nomenclature, E-Z notation, methods of determination

of geometrical isomers, interconversion of geometrical isomers.

Unit 5: Conformational Analysis (18 Hrs)

5.1 Conformational descriptors: Factors affecting conformational stability of

molecules,conformational analysis of substituted ethanes, cyclohexane and its
derivatives, decalins, adamantane, norbornane,sucrose and lactose.

5.2 Conformation and reactivity of elimination (dehalogenation,

dehydrohalogenation, semipinacolic deamination and pyrolytic
elimination- Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations),substitution and
oxidation of 2o alcohols.

5.3 Chemical consequence of conformational equilibrium - Curtin Hammett

principle.

References

1. R. Bruckner, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reaction Mechanisms, Academic

Press, 2002.
2. F. A. Carey, R.A. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A: Structure
and Mechanisms, 5th Edn., Springer, 2007.
3. J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, P. Wothers, Organic Chemistry, Oxford
University Press, 2004.
4. T. H. Lowry, K.S. Richardson, Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry,
2nd Edn., Harper & Row, 1981.
5. N. S. Isaacs, Physical Organic Chemistry, ELBS/Longman, 1987.
6. D. Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Principles and
Applications, 3rd Edn., New Age Pub., 2010.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 16

 7. D. G. Morris, Stereochemistry, RSC, 2001.
8. E. L. Eliel, S.H. Wilen, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, John Wiley &
Sons, 1994.
9. N. J. Turro, V. Ramamurthy, J.C. Scaiano, Principles of Molecular
Photochemistry: An Introduction, University Science books, 2009.
10.N. J. Turro, Modern Molecular Photochemistry, Benjamin Cummings, 1978.
11.K. K .R. Mukherjee, Fundamentals of Photochemistry, New Age Pub., 1978.
12.Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and
Structure.
13.Nature Chemistry, Vol 10, 2018, pp 618 – 624.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 17

 CH 50 01 03 QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND GROUP THEORY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 72

Objective of the course

Revise and update the fundamental ideas, mathematical concepts, applications of

group theory and quantum mechanics to molecular systems. The learners should be
able to categorise common molecules into various point groups and apply the great
orthogonality theorem to derive the character tables of various point groups.

Unit 1: Group Theory and Applications in Chemical Bonding (36 Hrs)

1.1. Symmetry elements and symmetry operations.

1.2. Determination of point groups of molecules and ions (organic / inorganic / complex)
belonging to Cn, Cs, Ci, Cnv, Cnh, C∞v, Dnh, D∞h, Dnd, Td and Oh point groups.

1.3. Symmetry in crystals: 32 crystallographic point groups (no derivation), Hermann-

Mauguin symbols. Screw axis-pitch and fold of screw axis, glide planes, space
groups(elementary idea only)

1.4. Mathematical groups: Properties, Abelian groups, cyclic groups, sub groups,
similarity transformation ,classes - C2v, C3v and C2h.

1.5. Group multiplication tables (GMTs) - C2v, C3v and C2h, isomorphic groups.

1.6. Matrix representation of elements like E, Cn, Sn, i, σ-matrix representation of point
groups like C2v,C3v,C2h,C4v - trace /character, block factored matrices.

1.7. Reducible and irreducible representations, standard reduction formula, statement of

great orthogonality theorem (GOT), construction of character tables for C2v, C2h, C3v
and C4v.

1.8. Application in chemical bonding: Projection operator, transformation properties of

atomic orbitals, construction of symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic
orbitals (SALCs) of C2v, C3v, D3h and C2h molecules.

Unit 2: Quantum Mechanics and Applications (36Hrs)

2.1. Experimental foundation of quantum mechanics: Elementary ideas of black body

radiation, photoelectric effect and atomic spectra. Need of quantum mechanics.
Concept of matter wave, de Broglie relation, uncertainty principle and its
consequences.

2.2. Postulates of Quantum Mechanics: State function or wave function postulate: Born
interpretation of the wave function, well behaved functions, orthonormality of wave
functions. Operator postulate: Operator algebra, linear and nonlinear operators,
Laplacian operator, commuting and noncommuting operators, Hermitian operators

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 18

 and their properties, eigen functions and eigen values of an operator. Eigen value
postulate: eigen value equation, eigen functions of commuting operators. Expectation
value postulate. Postulate of time-dependent Schrödinger equation, conservative
systems and time-independent Schrödinger equation.

2.3. Translational motion: Free particle in one-dimension, particle in a one dimensional

box with infinite potential walls, particle in a one-dimensional box with finite
potential walls-tunneling, particle in a three dimensional box ,separation of variables,
degeneracy.

2.4. Vibrational motion: One-dimensional harmonic oscillator (complete treatment),

Hermite equation(solving by method of power series), Hermite polynomials,
recursion relation, wave functions and energies-important features, harmonic
oscillator model and molecular vibrations.

2.5. Rotational motion: Co-ordinate systems, cartesian, cylindrical polar and spherical
polar coordinates and their relationships. The wave equation in spherical polar
coordinates-particle on a ring, the phi equation and its solution, wave functions in the
real form. Non-planar rigid rotor (or particle on a sphere), separation of variables, the
phi and the theta equations and their solutions, Legendre and associated Legendre
equations, Legendre and associated Legendre polynomials. Spherical harmonics
(imaginary and real forms), polar diagrams of spherical harmonics.

2.6. Quantization of angular momentum, quantum mechanical operators corresponding to

angular momenta (Lx, Ly, Lz and L2), commutation relations between these
operators. Spherical harmonics as eigen functions of angular momentum operators Lz
and L2. Ladder operator method for angular momentum, space quantization.

2.7. Quantum Mechanics of Hydrogen-like Atoms: Potential energy of hydrogen-like

systems. The wave equation in spherical polar coordinates: separation of variables-r,
theta and phi equations and their solutions, wave functions and energies of hydrogen-
like atoms. Orbitals: Radial functions, radial distribution functions, angular functions
and their plots. Dirac's relativistic equation for hydrogen atom (Elementary idea only).

2.8. Spin orbitals: Construction of spin orbitals from orbitals and spin functions,spin
orbitals for many electron atoms, symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions.
Pauli's exclusion principle, slater determinants.

References

1. I. N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, 7th Edn., Pearson Education Inc., 2016.

2. P. W. Atkins, R.S. Friedman, Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 4th Edn., Oxford
University Press, 2005.
3. D. A. McQuarrie, Quantum Chemistry, University Science Books, 2008.
4. J. P. Lowe, K Peterson, Quantum Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Academic Press, 2006.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 19

 5. R. Anatharaman, Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry, Macmillan India, 2001.
6. R. K. Prasad, Quantum Chemistry, 3rd Edn., New Age International, 2006.
7. T. Engel, Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Pearson Education, 2006.
8. H. Metiu, Physical Chemistry: Quantum Mechanics, Taylor & Francis, 2006.
9. L. Pauling, E. B. Wilson, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Mc.Graw-Hill, 1935.
10. M. S. Pathania, Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy (Problems & Solutions),
Vishal Publications, 1984.
11. F. A. Cotton, Chemical Applications of Group Theory, 3rd Edn., Wiley Eastern, 1990.
12. L. H. Hall, Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry, McGraw Hill,1969.
13. V. Ramakrishnan, M. S. Gopinathan, Group Theory in Chemistry, Vishal
Publications, 1992.
14. S. Swarnalakshmi, T. Saroja, R.M. Ezhilarasi, A Simple Approach to Group Theory
in Chemistry, Universities Press, 2008.
15. S.F.A. Kettle, Symmetry and Structure: Readable Group Theory for Chemists, 3rd
Edn., Wiley, 2007.
16. A. Vincent, Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory: A Programmed Introduction to
Chemical Applications, 2nd Edn., Wiley, 2000.
17. A. S. Kunju, G. Krishnan, Group Theory and its Applications in Chemistry, PHI
Learning, 2010.
18. K. Veera Reddy, Symmetry and Spectroscopy of molecules, New Age International
(P) Ltd,1999.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 20

 CH 50 01 04THERMODYNAMICS, KINETIC THEORY AND
STATISTICALTHERMODYNAMICS
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 54

Objective of the course

The learners should be able to apply principles and laws of equilibrium

thermodynamics to multicomponent systems, to calculate thermodynamic properties
of ideal gases and real gases using the principles and techniques of statistical
thermodynamics. They should be familiar with the properties and theories of gases.

Unit 1: Classical Thermodynamics (18 Hrs)

1.1 Mathematical foundations for thermodynamics-variables of thermodynamics,

extensive and intensive quantities, equation for total differential, conversion formulas,
exact differentials-general formulation, reciprocity characteristics, homogeneous
functions, Euler’s theorem.(Non-evaluative)

1.2 Thermodynamic equations of state. Maxwell relations and significance, irreversible

processes - Clausius inequality.

1.3 Free energy, thermodynamic equilibria and free energy functions, temperature
dependence of free energy - Gibbs Helmholtz equation, applications of Gibbs
Helmholtz equation.

1.4 Partial molar quantities, chemical potential and Gibbs-Duhem equations, variation of
chemical potential with temperature and pressure, determination of partial molar
volume and enthalpy.

1.5 Fugacity, relation between fugacity and pressure, determination of fugacity of a real
gas, variation of fugacity with temperature and pressure. Activity, dependence of
activity on temperature and pressure.

1.6 Thermodynamics of mixing, Gibbs-Duhem-Margules equation, applications of Gibbs-

Duhem- Margules equation- Konovalov’s first and second laws, excess
thermodynamic functions-free energy, enthalpy, entropy and volume, determination
of excess enthalpy and volume.

1.7 Chemical affinity and thermodynamic functions, effect of temperature and pressure
on chemical equilibrium- Vant Hoff reaction isochore and isotherm.

1.8 Third law of thermodynamics, Nernst heat theorem, determination of absolute

entropies using third law.

1.9 Three component systems-graphical representation. Solid-liquid equilibria, ternary

solutions with common ions, hydrate formation, compound formation. Liquid-liquid

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 21

 equilibria-one pair of partially miscible liquids, two pairs of partially miscible liquids,
three pairs of partially miscible liquids.

Unit 2: Kinetic Theory of Gases (9 Hrs)

2.1 Derivation of Maxwell’s law of distribution of velocities, graphical representation,

experimental verification of the law, most probable velocity, derivation of average,
RMS and most probable velocities, collision diameter, collision frequency in a single
gas and in a mixture of two gases, mean free path, frequency of collision, effusion, the
rate of effusion, time dependence of pressure of an effusing gas, the law of
corresponding states, transport properties of gases.

Unit 3: Statistical Thermodynamics (27Hrs)

3.1 Brief history about the macroscopic and microscopic approach in science,
permutation, probability, Stirling’s approximation, macrostates and microstates,
equal-apriori principle and thermodynamic probability, phase-space, ensemble, types
of ensembles.

3.2 Boltzmann distribution law, partition function and its physical significance, relation
between molecular partition function and molar partition function, distinguishable and
indistinguishable particles, partition function and thermodynamic functions,
separation of partition function-translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic
partition functions, partition function for hydrogen. Thermal de-Broglie wavelength

3.3 Calculation of thermodynamic functions and equilibrium constants, thermodynamic

probability and entropy, Sakur-Tetrode equation, statistical formulation of third law of
thermodynamics, residual entropy, heat capacity of gases - classical and quantum
theories.

3.4 Need for quantum statistics, Bosons and Fermions, Bose-Einstein statistics:, Bose-
Einstein distribution law, Bose-Einstein condensation, first order and higher order
phase transitions, liquid helium, Fermi- Dirac statistics:, Fermi- Dirac distribution
law, application in electron gas, thermionic emission. Comparison of three statistics.

3.5 Heat capacity of solids- the vibrational properties of solids, Einstein’s theory and its
limitations, Debye theory and its limitations.

References

1. Irving M. Klotz, Robert M. Rosenberg, Chemical Thermodynamics, John Wiley &

Sons, INC Publication ,2008.
2. R.P. Rastogi, R.R. Misra, An introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics, Vikas
publishing house, 1996.
3. J. Rajaram, J.C. Kuriakose, Thermodynamics, S Chand and Co., 1999.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 22

 4. M.W. Zemansky, R. H. Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics, Tata McGraw
Hill,1981.
5. P.W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, ELBS, 1994.
6. G.W. Castellan, Physical Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, 1983.
7. K.J. Laidler, J. H. Meiser, B.C. Sanctuary, Physical Chemistry, 4th Edn., Houghton
Mifflin, 2003.
8. L.K. Nash, Elements of Classical and Statistical Mechanics, 2nd Edn., Addison
Wesley, 1972.
9. D.A. Mc.Quarrie, J.D. Simon, Physiacl Chemistry: A Molecular Approach,
University Science Books, 1997.
10. F.W. Sears, G.L. Salinger, Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical
Thermodynamics, Addison Wesley, 1975.
11. J. Kestin, J.R. Dorfman, A Course in Statistical Thermodynamics, Academic Press,
1971.
12. M.C. Gupta, Statistical Thermodynamics, New age international, 2007.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 23

 SEMESTER 2
CH 50 02 01COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 72

Objective of the course

The student shall acquire a foundation of chemistry of sufficient breadth and depth of
co-ordination compounds which enable them to understand and apply their knowledge

Unit 1: Structural Aspects and Bonding (18 Hrs)

1.1 Classification of complexes based on coordination numbers and possible geometries,

sigma and pi bonding ligands such as CO, NO, CN-, R3P, and Ar3P. Stability of
complexes, thermodynamic aspects of complex formation-Irving William order of
stability, chelate effect.

1.2 Splitting of d orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar, square pyramidal and
triagonal bipyramidal fields, LFSE, Dq values, Jahn Teller (JT) effect, theoretical
failure of crystal field theory, evidence of covalency in the metal-ligand bond,
nephelauxetic effect, ligand field theory, molecular orbital theory- M.O energy level
diagrams for octahedral and tetrahedral complexes without and with π-bonding,
experimental evidences for pi-bonding.

Unit 2: Spectral and Magnetic Properties of Metal Complexes (18 Hrs)

2.1 Electronic Spectra of complexes: Term symbols of dn system, Racah parameters,

splitting of terms in weak and strong octahedral and tetrahedral fields, correlation
diagrams for d1 and d9 ions in octahedral and tetrahedral fields (qualitative approach),
d-d transitions, selection rules for electronic transitions-effect of spin orbit coupling
and vibronic coupling.

2.2 Interpretation of electronic spectra of complexes: Orgel diagrams and demerits,

Tanabe Sugano diagrams, calculation of Dq, B and β (Nephelauxetic ratio) values,
spectra of complexes with lower symmetries, charge transfer spectra, luminescence
spectra.

2.3 Magnetic properties of complexes-paramagnetic and diamagnetic complexes, molar

susceptibility, Gouy method for the determination of magnetic moment of complexes,
spin only magnetic moment. Temperature dependence of magnetism- Curie’s law,
Curie-Weiss law, temperature independent paramagnetism (TIP), spin state cross
over, antiferromagnetism-inter and intra molecular interaction, anomalous magnetic
moments.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 24

Unit 3: Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions in Metal Complexes (18 Hrs)

3.1 Thermodynamic and kinetic stability, kinetics and mechanism of nucleophilic

substitution reactions in square planar complexes- trans effect-theory and
applications, effect of entering ligand, effect of leaving group and effect of ligands
already present on reaction rate, effect of solvent and reaction pathways, substitution
in tetrahedral and five-coordinate complexes.

3.2 Kinetics and mechanism of octahedral substitution- water exchange, dissociative and
associative mechanisms, base hydrolysis, racemization reactions, solvolytic reactions
(acidic and basic). Replacement reactions involving multidendate ligands- formation
of chelates, effect of H+ on the rates of substitution of chelate complexes, metal ion
assisted and ligand assisted dechelation.

3.3 Electron transfer reactions: Outer sphere mechanism-Marcus theory, inner sphere
mechanism-Taube mechanism, mixed outer and inner sphere reactions, two electron
transfer and intramolecular electron transfer.

Unit 4: Stereochemistry of Coordination Compounds (9 Hrs)

4.1 Geometrical and optical isomerism in octahedral complexes, resolution of optically

active complexes, determination of absolute configuration of complexes by ORD and
circular dichroism, stereoselectivity and conformation of chelate rings, asymmetric
synthesis catalyzed by coordination compounds,

4.2 Linkage isomerism: Electronic and steric factors affecting linkage

isomerism,symbiosis-hard and soft ligands, Prussian blue and related structures,
Macrocycles-crown ethers.

Unit 5: Coordination Chemistry of Lanthanoids and Actinoids (9 Hrs)

5.1 Term symbols for lanthanide ions, inorganic compounds and coordination complexes
of the lanthanoids upto coordination No.12, electronic spectra and magnetic properties
of lanthanoid complexes,organometallic complexes of the lanthanoids- σ-bonded
complexes, cyclopentadienyl complexes, organolanthanoid complexes as catalysts.

5.2 General characteristics of actinoids-difference between 4f and 5f orbitals,

coordination complexes of the actinoids- sandwich complexes, coordination
complexes and organometallic compounds of thorium and uranium, comparative
account of coordination chemistry of lanthanoids and actinoids with special reference
to electronic spectra and magnetic properties.

References

1. F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Text,

3rd Edn., Interscience,1972.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 25

 2. J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. A. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry Principles of Structure
and Reactivity, 4th Edn., Pearson Education India, 2006.
3. K. F. Purcell, J.C. Kotz, Inorganic Chemistry, Holt-Saunders, 1977.
4. F. Basolo, R. G. Pearson, Mechanisms of Inorganic Reaction, John Wiley & Sons,
2006.
5. B. E. Douglas, D. H. McDaniel, J.J. Alexander, Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Wiley-India, 2007.
6. R. S. Drago, Physical Methods in Chemistry, Saunders College, 1992.
7. B. N. Figgis, M. A. Hitchman, Ligand Field Theory and its Applications, Wiley-India,
2010.
8. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Edn., Wiley-India, 2008
9. R. G. Wilkins, Kinetics and Mechanisms of Reactions of Transition Metal
Complexes, Wiley VCH, 2002.
10. G. A. Lawrance, Introduction to Coordination Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
2010.
11. C. E. Housecroft, A. G. Sharpe, Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson, 2012.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 26

 CH 50 02 02 ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 72

Objective of the course

To learn and understand the involvement of reactive intermediates, their structure and
reactivity through various organic reactions, the orbital interactions (Woodward
Hoffmann rules) in concerted reactions and apply knowledge for solving problems.

Unit 1: Review of Organic Reaction Mechanisms (9 Hrs)

1.1 Review of organic reaction mechanisms with special reference to nucleophilic and
electrophilic substitution at aliphatic carbon (SN1, SN2, SNi, SE1, SE2), elimination
(E1 and E2) and addition reactions (regioselectivity: Markovnikov’s addition-
carbocation mechanism, anti-Markovnikov’s addition-radical mechanism).
Elimination vs substitution.

1.2 A comprehensive study on the effect of substrate, reagent, leaving group, solvent and
neighbouring group on nucleophilic substitution(SN2 and SN1) and elimination (E1
and E2) reactions.

Unit 2: Chemistry of Carbanions (9 Hrs)

2.1 Formation, structure and stability of carbanions; Reactions of carbanions: C-X bond
(X = C, O, N) formations through the intermediary of carbanions. Chemistry of
enolates and enamines.Kinetic and Thermodynamic enolates- lithium and boron
enolates in aldol and Michael reactions, alkylation and acylation of enolates.

2.2 Nucleophilic additions to carbonyls groups: Name reactions under carbanion

chemistry-mechanism of Claisen, Dieckmann, Knoevenagel, Stobbe, Darzen and
acyloin condensations, Shapiro reaction and Julia elimination. Favorski
rearrangement.

2.3 Ylids: chemistry of phosphorous and sulphurylids - Wittig and related reactions,
Peterson olefination.

Unit 3: Chemistry of Carbocations (9 Hrs)

3.1 Formation, structure and stability of carbocations. Classical and non-classical

carbocations.

3.2 C-X bond (X = C, O, N) formations through the intermediary of carbocations.

Molecular rearrangements including Wagner-Meerwein, Pinacol-pinacolone, Semi-
pinacol, Dienone-phenol and Benzilic acid rearrangements, Noyori annulation, Prins
reaction.

3.3 C-C bond formation involving carbocations: Oxymercuration, Halolactonisation.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 27

Unit 4: Carbenes, Carbenoids, Nitrenes and Arynes (9 Hrs)

4.1 Structure of carbenes (singlet and triplet), generation of carbenes, addition and
insertion reactions.

4.2 Reactions of carbenes such as Wolff rearrangement, Reimer-Tiemannreaction.

Reactions of ylides by carbenoid decomposition

4.3 Structure, generation and reactions of nitrene and related electron deficient nitrene
intermediates.

4.4 Hoffmann, Curtius, Lossen, Schmidt and Beckmann rearrangement reactions.

4.5 Arynes: Generation, structure, stability and reactions. Orientation effect - amination
of haloarenes.

Unit 5: Radical Reactions (9 Hrs)

5.1 Generation of radical intermediates and its (a) addition to alkenes, alkynes (inter and
intramolecular) for C-C bond formation - Baldwin’s rules (b) fragmentation and
rearrangements - Hydroperoxide: formation, rearrangement and reactions.
Autooxidation.

5.2 Name reactions involving radical intermediates: Barton deoxygenation and

decarboxylation, McMurry coupling.

Unit 6: Chemistry of Carbonyl Compounds (9 Hrs)

6.1 Reactions of carbonyl compounds: Oxidation, reduction (Clemmensen and Wolf-

Kishner), addition (addition of cyanide, ammonia, alcohol) reactions, Aldol
condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Addition of Grignard reagent. Structure and
reactions of α, β- unsaturated carbonyl compounds involving electrophilic and
nucleophilic addition - Michael addition, Mannich reaction, Robinson annulation.

Unit 7: Concerted reactions (18 Hrs)

7.1 Classification: Electrocyclic, sigmatropic, cycloaddition, chelotropic,ene and

dyotropic reactions. Woodward Hoffmann rules - Frontier orbital and orbital
symmetry correlation approaches - PMO method (for electrocyclic and cycloaddition
reactions only).

7.2 Highlighting pericyclic reactions in organic synthesis such as Claisen, Cope, Wittig,
Mislow-Evans and Sommelet-Hauser rearrangements. Diels-Alder and Ene reactions
(with stereochemical aspects), dipolar cycloaddition (introductory).

7.3 Unimolecular pyrolytic elimnination reactions: Cheletropic elimination,

decomposition of cyclic azo compounds, β-eliminations involving cyclic transition
states such as N-oxides (Cope reaction), Acetates and Xanthates (Chugaeve reaction).

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 28

7.4 Problems based on the above topics

References

1. R. Bruckner, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reaction Mechanism, Academic Press,

2002.
2. F. A. Carey, R.A. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part B: Reactions and
Synthesis, 5th Edn., Springer, 2007.
3. W. Carruthers, I. Coldham, Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, Cambridge
University Press, 2005.
4. J. March, M.B. Smith, March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions,
Mechanisms, and Structure, 6th Edn., Wiley, 2007.
5. A. Fleming, Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions, Wiley, 1976.
6. S. Sankararaman, Pericyclic Reactions-A Text Book, Wiley VCH, 2005.
7. R.T. Morrison, R.N. Boyd, S. K. Bhatacharjee, Organic Chemistry, 7th Edn., Pearson,
2011.
8. J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, P. Wothers, Organic Chemistry, Oxford
University Press, 2004.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 29

 CH 50 02 03 CHEMICAL BONDING AND COMPUTATIONAL
CHEMISTRY
Credit: 3 Contact Lecture Hours: 72

Objective of the course

The learners should be able to apply, analyze and evaluate group theoretical concepts
in spectroscopy, extent the ideas of quantum mechanics from one electron system to
many electron systems and various theories of chemical bonding.

Unit 1: Application of Group Theory in Spectroscopy (18hrs)

1.1. Vibrational mode analysis using group theory taking H2O, NH3 and trans-N2F2 as
examples using symmetry coordinates and internal coordinates method, prediction of
IR and Raman activity, rule of mutual exclusion, redundant modes, out of plane
modes.

1.2. Application in uv-visible spectroscopy, selection rules, orbital selection rules,

transitions between non-degenerate states, prediction of electronic transitions in
C2v,C3v,C4v,C2h and C4h using direct product terms , spin selection rules, relaxation in
selection rules and distortion .

1.3. Application in hybridization, determination of hybridization and hybrid functions in

CH4, BF3 and PCl5

1.4. Group theory and optical activity(brief study)

Unit 2: Approximation Methods in Quantum Mechanics (18 Hrs)

2.1 Many-body problem and the need of approximation methods, independent particle
model. Variation method: Variation theorem with proof, illustration of variation
theorem using the trial function x(a-x) for particle in a 1D-box and using the trial
function e-αr for the hydrogen atom, variation treatment for the ground state of helium
atom.

2.2 Perturbation method, time-independent perturbation method (non-degenerate case

only), first order correction to energy and wave function, illustration by application to
particle in a 1D-box with slanted bottom, perturbation treatment of the ground state of
the helium atom. Qualitative idea of Hellmann-Feynman theorem.

2.3 Hartree-Fock method, multi-electron atoms. Hartree-Fock equations (no derivation).

The Fock operator, core hamiltonian, coulomb operator and exchange operator.
Qualitative treatment of Hartree-Fock Self-Consistent Field (HFSCF) method.
Roothan's concept of basis functions, Slater type orbitals (STO) and Gaussian type
orbitals (GTO), sketches of STO and GTO.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 30

Unit 3: Chemical Bonding (18 Hrs)

3.1 Schrödinger equation for molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation,valencebond

(VB) theory, VB theory of H2 molecule, singlet and triplet state functions (spin
orbitals) of H2.

3.2 Molecular Orbital (MO) theory, MO theory of H2+ ion, MO theory of H2 molecule,
MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules Li2, Be2, N2, O2 and F2 and hetero
nuclear diatomic molecules LiH, CO, NO and HF, bond order. Correlation diagrams,
non-crossing rule, spectroscopic term symbols for diatomic molecules, comparison of
MO and VB theories.

3.3 Hybridization, quantum mechanical treatment of sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridisation.
Semiempirical MO treatment of planar conjugated molecules, Hückel Molecular
Orbital (HMO) theory of ethene, allyl systems, butadiene and benzene. Calculation of
charge distributions, bond orders and free valency.

Unit 4: Computational Quantum Chemistry (18 Hrs)

4.1 Introduction and scope of computational chemistry, potential energy surface,

conformational search, global minimum, local minima, saddle points.

4.2 Ab initio methods: A review of Hartee-Fock method, self-consistent field (SCF)

procedure. Roothan concept basis functions. Basis sets and its classification: Slater
type and Gaussian type basis sets, minimal basis set, Pople style basis sets . Hartree-
Fock limit. Post Hartree-Fock methods - introduction to Møller Plesset perturbation
theory, configuration interaction, coupled cluster and semi empirical methods.

4.3 Introduction to Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods: Hohenberg-Kohn

theorems, Kohn-Sham orbitals, exchange correlation functional, local density
approximation, generalized gradient approximation, hybrid functionals (only the basic
principles and terms need to be introduced).

4.4 Comparison of ab initio, semi empirical and DFT methods.

4.5 Molecular geometry input: Cartesian coordinates and internal coordinates, Z matrix,
Z-matrix of single atom, diatomic molecule, non-linear triatomic molecule, linear
triatomic molecule, polyatomic molecules like ammonia, methane and ethane.
General format of GAMESS / Firefly input file , single point energy calculation,
geometry optimization, constrained optimization and frequency calculation.
Koopmans’ theorem.

4.6 Features of molecular mechanics force field-bond stretching, angle bending, torsional
terms, non-bonded interactions and electrostatic interactions. Commonly used force
fields- AMBER and CHARMM.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 31

References

1. N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, 7th Edn., Pearson Education Inc., 2016.

2. P. W. Atkins, R.S. Friedman, Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 4th Edn., Oxford
University Press, 2005.
3. D. A. McQuarrie, Quantum Chemistry, University Science Books, 2008.
4. J. P. Lowe, K Peterson, Quantum Chemistry, 3rd Edn., Academic Press, 2006.
5. R. Anatharaman, Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry, Macmillan India, 2001.
6. R. K. Prasad, Quantum Chemistry, 3rd Edn., New Age International, 2006.
7. T. Engel, Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Pearson Education, 2006.
8. H. Metiu, Physical Chemistry: Quantum Mechanics, Taylor & Francis, 2006.
9. L. Pauling, E.B. Wilson, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, 1935.
10. M.S. Pathania, Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy (Problems & Solutions), Vishal
Publications, 1984.
11. F. A. Cotton, Chemical Applications of Group Theory, 3rd Edn., Wiley Eastern, 1990.
12. L. H. Hall, Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry, McGraw Hill,1969
13. V. Ramakrishnan, M. S. Gopinathan, Group Theory in Chemistry, Vishal
Publications, 1992.
14. S. Swarnalakshmi, T. Saroja, R.M. Ezhilarasi, A Simple Approach to Group Theory
in Chemistry, Universities Press, 2008.
15. S.F.A. Kettle, Symmetry and Structure: Readable Group Theory for Chemists, 3rd
Edn., Wiley, 2007.
16. A. Vincent, Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory: A Programmed Introduction to
Chemical Applications, 2nd Edn., Wiley, 2000.
17. A. S. Kunju, G. Krishnan, Group Theory and its Applications in Chemistry, PHI
Learning, 2010.
18. K.I. Ramachandran, G. Deepa, K. Namboori, Computational Chemistry and
Molecular Modeling: Principles and Applications, Springer, 2008.
19. A. Hinchliffe, Molecular Modelling for Beginners, 2nd Edn., John Wiley & Sons,
2008.
20. C.J. Cramer, Essentials of Computational Chemistry: Theories and Models, 2nd Edn.,
John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
21. D.C. Young, Computational Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Applying Techniques
to Real World Problems, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 32

 Softwares:
a. Molecular Mechanics: Arguslab, Tinker, NAMD, Tinker, DL-POLY, CHARMM,
AMBER
b. Firefly / PC GAMESS available from http://classic.chem.msu.su/gran/gamess/
c. WINGAMESS available from http://www.msg.ameslab.gov/gamess/ Graphical User
nterface (GUI):
d. Gabedit available from http://gabedit.sourceforge.net/
e. wxMacMolPlt available from http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/MacMolPlt/

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 33

 CH 50 02 04 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
Credit: 3 Contact Lecture Hours: 54

Objective of the course

To learn basic principles and theory of microwave, NMR, IR, Raman, UV-Vis
spectroscopy.

Unit 1: Foundations of Spectroscopic Techniques (3 Hrs)

1.1. Regions of the electromagnetic radiation, origin of spectrum, intensity of absorption,

signal to noise ratio, natural line width. Doppler broadening, Lamb dip spectrum,
Born Oppenheimer approximation.

Unit 2: Microwave Spectroscopy (6 Hrs)

2.1 Principal moments of inertia and classification (linear, symmetric tops, spherical tops
and asymmetric tops), selection rules, intensity of rotational lines, relative population
of energy levels, derivation of Jmax, effect of isotopic substitution, calculation of
intermolecular distance, spectrum of non rigid rotors.

2.2 Rotational spectra of polyatomic molecules, linear and symmetric top molecules.
Stark effect and its application, nuclear spin and electron spin interaction, chemical
analysis by microwave spectroscopy.

Unit 3: Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy (9 Hrs)

3.1 Morse potential energy diagram, fundamental vibrations, overtones and hot bands,
determination of force constants, diatomic vibrating rotator, break down of the Born-
Oppenheimer approximation, effect of nuclear spin.

3.2 Vibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules, normal modes of vibrations,

combination and difference bands, Fermi resonance. FT technique, introduction to
FTIR spectroscopy. Instrumentation of FTIR

3.3 Scattering of light, polarizability and classical theory of Raman spectrum, rotational
and vibrational Raman spectrum, complementarities of Raman and IR spectra, mutual
exclusion principle, polarized and depolarized Raman lines, resonance Raman
scattering and resonance fluorescence.

Unit 4: Electronic Spectroscopy (9 Hrs)

4.1 Term symbols of diatomic molecules, electronic spectra of diatomic molecules,

selection rules, vibrational coarse structure and rotational fine structure of electronic
spectrum. Franck-Condon principle, predissociation, calculation of heat of
dissociation, Birge and Sponer method.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 34

4.2 Electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules, spectra of transitions localized in a bond
or group, free electron model. Different types of lasers-solid state lasers, continuous
wave lasers, gas lasers and chemical laser, frequency doubling, applications of lasers.

Unit 5: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (18 Hrs)

5.1 Theory of NMR Spectroscopy: Interaction between nuclear spin and applied magnetic
field, important magnetically active nuclei. Nuclear energy levels, population of
energy levels, Larmor precession, relaxation methods. Chemical shift and its
representation- δ scale of PMR and CMR. Spin-spin coupling: Theory and illustration
with AX system.

5.2 Fourier Transformation (FT) NMR Spectroscopy: Instrumentation of NMR technique,

magnets, probe and probe tuning, Creating NMR signals, effect of pulses, rotating
frame reference, FID, FT technique, data acquisition and storage. Pulse sequences-
Pulse width, spins and magnetisation vector.

5.3 Solid state NMR-Applications. Magic Angle Spinning(MAS).

Unit 6: Other Magnetic Resonance Techniques (9 Hrs)

6.1 EPR Spectroscopy: Electron spin in molecules, interaction with magnetic field, g
factor, factors affecting g values, determination of g values (g‫ ׀׀‬and g┴), fine structure
and hyperfine structure, Kramers’ degeneracy, McConnell equation.

6.2 Theory and important applications of NQR Spectroscopy.

6.3 Mossbauer Spectroscopy: Principle, Doppler effect, recording of spectrum, chemical

shift, factors determining chemical shift, application to metal complexes.

References

1. C. N. Banwell, E. M. McCash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th Edn.,

Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.
2. G. Aruldhas, Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy, Prentice Hall of India, 2001.
3. A. U. Rahman, M.I. Choudhary, Solving Problems with NMR Spectroscopy,
Academic Press, 1996.
4. D. L. Pavia, G.M. Lampman, G.S. Kriz, Introduction to Spectroscopy, 3rd Edn.,
Brooks Cole, 2000.
5. R.S. Drago, Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry, Van Nonstrand Reinhold,
1965.
6. R. S. Drago, Physical Methods in Chemistry, Saunders College, 1992.
7. W. Kemp, NMR in chemistry-A Multinuclear Introduction, McMillan, 1986.
8. H. Kaur, Spectroscopy, 6th Edn., Pragati Prakashan, 2011.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 35

 9. H. Gunther, NMR Spectroscopy, Wiley, 1995.
10. D. A. McQuarrie, J.D. Simon, Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach,
University Science Books, 1997.
11. D. N. Sathyanarayan, Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy and Related Techniques,
Universities Press, 2001.
12. D. N. Sathyanarayana, Vibrational Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications, New Age
International, 2007.
13. D. N. Sathyanarayana, Introduction To Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ESR,
NMR, NQR, IK International, 2009.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 36

 SEMESTERS 1 AND 2
CH 50 02 05 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL-1

Credit: 3 Contact Lab Hours: 54+54=108

Objective of the Course

The learners should be able to apply the principles of qualitative and quantitative
analytical techniques in inorganic chemistry for identification of ions and preparation
and characterization of inorganic complexes

PART I

Separation and identification of a mixture of four cations (a mixture of two familiar ions such
as Ag+ , Hg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Bi2+, Cd2+, As3+, Sn2+, Sb3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Zn2+ , Mn2+,
Co2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Li+ , Na+ , K+ and NH4+ and two less familiar metal ions
such as Tl, W, Se, Mo, Ce, Th, Ti, Zr, V, U and Li). Anions which need elimination not to be
given.Minimum eight mixtures to be given.

PART II

Colorimetric estimation of Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr, NH4+, nitrate and phosphate ions.

PART III

Preparation and characterization complexes using IR, NMR and electronic spectra.

(a) Tris (thiourea)copper(I) complex

(b) Potassium tris (oxalate) aluminate (III).

(c) Hexammine cobalt (III) chloride.

(d) Tetrammine copper (II) sulphate.

(e) Schiff base complexes of various divalent metal ions.

(f) Bis(dimethylglyoximato)nickel(II)

(g) Prussian blue

References

1. A.I. Vogel, G. Svehla, Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th Edn., Longman,1996.
2. A.I. Vogel, A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Longman, 1966.
3. I.M. Koltoff, E.B. Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis, 3rd Edn.,
McMillian, 1968.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 37

4. V.V. Ramanujam, Inorganic Semimicro Qualitative Analysis, The National Pub.Co.,
1974.
5. J. Singh, R. K. P. Singh, J. Singh, LDS Yadav, I. R. Siddiqui, J. Shrivastava, Advanced
Practical Chemistry, Pragati Prakashan, 7th Edn., 2017.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 38

 CH 50 02 06 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL-1
Credit: 3 Contact Lab Hours: 54+54=108

Objective of the Course

The learners should be able to apply class room learning separation and purification of
organic compounds and binary mixtures. They should be able to use the computational tools
to draw the reaction schemes and spectral data to various organic reactions

PART I

General methods of separation and purification of organic compounds such as:

1. Solvent Extraction
2. Soxhlet Extraction
3. Fractional crystallization
4. TLC and Paper Chromatography
5. Column Chromatography
6. Membrane Dialysis
PART II

1. Separation of Organic binary mixtures by chemical/solvent separation methods

2. Quantitative separation of organic mixtures by column chromatography – Purity

assessment of the components by TLC.

PART III

Drawing the reaction schemes (Based on Semester 1 and 2 theory) by ChemDraw, Symyx
Draw and Chemsketch. Draw the structures and generate the IR and NMR spectra of the
substrates and products in the following reactions:

1. Condensation
(a) Dieckmann condensation
(b) Claisen condensation
(c) Darzen condensation
(d) Aldol condensation
2. Oxidation / Reduction
(a) Ozonolysis
(b) Baeyer Villiger oxidation
(c) Cannizaro reaction
(d) Clemmenson reduction
3. Rearrangement
(a) Benzilic acid rearrangement
(b) Pinacol – Pinacolone rearrangement
(c) Dienone – Phenol rearrangement
(d) Wagner – Meerwein rearrangement
PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 39
4. Pericyclic reaction
(a) Diels – Alder reaction
(b) Cope rearrangement

References

1. A.I. Vogel, A Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, 1974.

2. A.I. Vogel, Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, 1958.
3. F.G. Mann, B.C Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th Edn., Pearson Education
India,2009.
4. R. Adams, J.R. Johnson, J.F. Wilcox, Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry,
Macmillan, 1979.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 40

 CH 50 02 07 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL-1.
Credit: 3 Contact Lab Hours: 72+72 =144

Objective of the Course

The learners should be able to apply the conceptual understanding acquired from the theory
classes

(One question each from both parts A and B will be asked for the examination)

PART A

I. Adsorption

Verification of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm Charcoal Acetic acid or

Charcoal-Oxalic acid system

Determination of concentration of given acid using the isotherm

II. Phase diagrams

Construction of phase diagram of simple eutectics

Effect of KCl/Succinic acid on Critical Solution Temperature of phenol water system

Construction of phase diagram of three component system with one pair of

partially miscible liquids

III. Distribution law

Distribution coefficient of Iodine between an organic solvent and water

Determination of the equilibrium constant of the reaction KI+I2→KI3

Determination of unknown concentration of KI

IV. Surface tension

1. Determination of the surface tension of a liquid by

(a) Capillary rise method

(b) Drop number method

(c) Drop weight method

2. Determination of Parachor values

3. Determination of the composition of two liquids by surface tension measurements

4. Determination of CMC of surfactants by surface tension measurements

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 41

V. Determination of heat of solution from solubility measurements

PART B

Computational chemistry experiments

VI. Experiments illustrating the capabilities of modern open source/ free computational
chemistry packages in computing.

(a) Single point energy

(b) Geometry optimization

(c) Vibrational frequencies

(d) Population analysis

(e) Conformational analysis of ethane, transition state search

(f) Molecular orbitals, ionisation energy, electron affinity

(g) Dipolemoment, freevalence, bond order

(h) Determination of inversion barrier of simple molecules like NH3 , H2O, H2O2

(I) Determination of Z-matrices /Cartesian coordinates of furan, thiophene, pyrrole and

benzene using structure drawing programs like Chemsketch and wwMacMolPlt.

References

1. J.B. Yadav, Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, 2001.
2. G.W. Garland, J.W. Nibler, D.P. Shoemaker, Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 8th
Edn., McGraw Hill, 2009.
3. J.H. Jensen, Molecular Modeling Basics, CRC Press, 2010.
4. GAMESS documentation available from:
http://www.msg.ameslab.gov/gamess/documentation.html

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 42

 SEMESTER 3

CH 50 03 01 STRUCTURAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 72

Objective of the Course

The students must acquire basic information about the imperfections of solids,
electrical and magnetic properties of solidsand properties of inorganic chains,
rings, cages and clusters. They should have awareness about organometallic
polymers and magnetic nanoparticles.

Unit 1: Solid State Chemistry (18 Hrs)

1.1 Structure of solids: Imperfections in solids- line defects and plane defects. Structure
of the following compounds - Zinc blende, Wurtzite, Rutile, fluorite, antifluorite,
Nickel Arsenide, Perosvskite and Ilmenite. Spinels, inverse spinel structures.

1.2 Solid state reactions, diffusion coefficient, mechanisms, vacancy diffusion. Thermal
decomposition of solid: Type I reactions, Type II reactions.

1.3 Phase transition in solids: Classification of phase transitions, first and second order
phase transitions, martensitic transformations, order-disorder transitions and spinodal
decomposition, kinetics of phase transitions, sintering, growing single crystals-crystal
growth from solution, growth from melt and vapour deposition technique.

Unit 2: Electrical, Magnetic and Optical Properties (18 Hrs)

2.1 Free electron theory of solids. Band theory of solids: Applications to Transition metal
compounds and compounds like NaCl, MgO and fullerenes. Energy bands-conductors
and non-conductors, Mechanism of intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Mobility
of charge carriers- Hall Effect (derivation required). Piezo electricity, pyroelectricity
and ferro electricity- hysteresis.

2.2 Magnetic properties of transition metal oxides, garnets, spinels, ilmenites and
perovskites, magnetoplumbites. Photoconductivity, photovoltaic effects,
luminescence,applications of optical properties-phosphors, solid state lasers and solar
cells.

2.4 Conductivity of pure metals. Super conductivity-Type I and Type II superconductors,

Meisner effect, BCS theory of superconductivity (derivation not required)-Cooper
pairs. High temperature superconductors, super conducting cuprates - YBaCu oxide
system. Josephson’s Junction, conventional superconductors, organic
superconductors, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphenes.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 43

Unit 3: Inorganic Chains and Rings (9 Hrs)

3.1 Chains: Catenation, heterocatenation, silicones. Zeolites: Synthesis, structure and

applications, isopoly acids of vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten, heteropoly acids
of Mo and W, polythiazil-one dimensional conductors. Infinite metal chains

3.2 Rings, topological approach to boron hydrides, styx numbers. Heterocyclic inorganic
ring systems: Structure and bonding in phosphorous-sulphur and sulphur-nitrogen
compounds. Homocyclic inorganic ring systems: Structure and bonding in sulphur,
selenium and phosphorous compounds.

Unit 4: Inorganic Cages and Clusters (9 Hrs)

4.1 Synthesis, structure and bonding of cage like structures of phosphorous. Boron cage
Aluminium, indium and gallium clusters, cages and clusters of germanium, tin and
lead, cages and clusters of tellurium, Mercuride clusters in amalgams. Medical
applications of boron clusters- nucleic acid precursors, DNA binders, application of
C2B10 for Drug Design, Nuclear receptor ligands bearing C2B10cages.

Unit 5: Organometallic Polymers (9 Hrs)

5.1 Polymers with organometallic moieties as pendant groups, polymers with

organometallic moieties in the main chain, condensation polymers based on ferrocene
and on rigid rod polyynes, poly(ferrocenylsilane)s, applications of
Poly(ferrocenylsilane)s and related polymers, applications of rigid-rod polyynes,
polygermanes and polystannanes, polymers prepared by ring opening polymerization,
organometallic dendrimers.

Unit 6: Magnetic Nanoparticles and Synthesis of Solids (9 Hrs)

6.1 Synthesis of Solids: Nucleation, growth, epitaxy and topotaxy,methods for the
synthesis of MgAl2 O4, silica glass, indium tin oxide and their coatings, zeolites and
alumina based abrasives, hydrothermal synthesis, intercalation and
deintercalation,preparation of thin films, electrochemical methods, chemical vapour
deposition. Synthesis of amorphous silica and diamond films, sputtering and laser
ablation.

6.2 Magnetic nanoparticles, superparamagnetism and thin films, applications of magnetic

nanoparticles- data storage, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Contrast
Enhancement using magnetic nanoparticles, biomedical applications of magnetic
nanoparticles.

References

1. L.V. Azaroff, Introduction to Solids, Mc Graw Hill, 1984.

2. A.R. West, Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, Wiley-India, 2007.
3. D.K. Chakrabarty, Solid State Chemistry, New Age Pub., 2010.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 44

4. D.M. Adams, Inorganic Solids: An Introduction to Concepts in Solid State Structural
Chemistry, Wiley, 1974.
5. C.N.R. Rao, K.J. Rao, Phase Transitions in Solids, McGraw Hill, 2010.
6. B.E. Douglas, D.H. McDaniel, J.J. Alexander, Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry, 3rd Edn., John Wiley & sons, 2006.
7. A. Earnshaw, Introduction to Magnetochemistry, Academic Press, 1968.
8. J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, R.L. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry Principles of Structure
and Reactivity, 4th Edn., Harper Collins College Pub.,1993.
9. F.A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C.A. Murillo, M. Bochmann, Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry, 6th Edn., Wiley-Interscience,1999.
10. K.F. Purcell, J.C. Kotz, Inorganic Chemistry, Holt-Saunders, 1977.
11. Wai Kee Li, Gong-Du Zhou, homas Chung Wai Mak, Advanced Structural Inorganic
Chemistry, International Union of Crystallography, 2008.
12. Matthias Driess, Heinrich Nӧth, Molecular Clusters of the Main Group Elements,
Wiley-VCH, 2004.
13. Richard J.D. Tilley, Understanding Solids, 2nd edition, Wiley, 2013.
14. G.L. Hornyak, J.J. Moore, H.F. Tibbals, J. Dutta, Fundamentals of Nanotechnology,
CRC Press, 2009.
15. Chris Binns, Introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology, wiley, 2010.
16. Vadapalli Chandrasekhar, Inorganic and organometallic polymers, Springer, 2005.
17. Anthony R. West, Basic Solid State Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, 1988.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 45

 CH 05 03 02 CHEMICAL KINETICS AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 72
Unit 1: Chemical Kinetics (18 Hrs)

1.1 Theories of reaction rates: Collision theory-steric factor, potential energy surfaces.
Conventional transition state theory-Eyring equation, comparison of the two
theories. Thermodynamic formulation of the reaction rates, significance of ΔG≠,
ΔH≠ and ΔS≠., volume of activation, effect of pressure and volume on velocity of
gas reactions.

1.2 Steady state approximation-chain reactions, H2-Br2 reaction, H2-Cl2 reaction.

1.3 Reactions in solution: Factors determining reaction rates in solutions-cage effect,

effect of dielectric constant and ionic strength, Bronsted-Bjerrum equation, primary
and secondary kinetic salt effect, influence of solvent on reaction rates, kinetic
isotope effects.

1.4 Fast reactions: Relaxation, flow and shock methods, flash photolysis, NMR and
ESR methods of studying fast reactions.

1.5 Acid-base catalysis: Specific and general catalysis, Skrabal diagram, Bronsted
catalysis law, prototropic and protolytic mechanism with examples, Hammett
acidity function.

1.6 Enzyme catalysis and its mechanism, Michelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver-Burk

method, effect of pH and temperature on enzyme catalysis.

1.7 Introduction to oscillating chemical reactions: Lotka-Voltera model, molecular

interactions in molecular beams-basic principles, the differential scattering cross-
section, the phenomena of glory scattering and rainbow scattering.

Unit 2: Surface Chemistry and Colloids (18 Hrs)

2.1 Adsorption: Gibbs adsorption equation and its verification, Langmuir theory,
kinetic and statistical derivation, multilayer adsorption-BET theory, use of
Langmuir and BET isotherms for surface area determination, application of
Langmuir adsorption isotherm in surface catalysed reactions, Eley-Rideal
mechanism, Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.

2.2 Application of low energy electron diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy,

ESCA and Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, ion scattering,
SEM and TEM in the study of surfaces.

2.3 Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering, surfaces for SERS studies, chemical
enhancement mechanism, surface selection rules, spectrum of 2-aminophenol,
applications of SERS.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 46

2.4 Colloids: Zeta potential, electro kinetic phenomena, sedimentation potential and
streaming potential, Donnan membrane equilibrium.

Unit 3: Advanced Thermodynamics (9 Hrs)

3.1 Thermodynamics of irreversible processes with simple examples, uncompensated
heat and its physical significance, entropy production- rate of entropy production,
entropy production in chemical reactions, the phenomenological relations, the
principle of microscopic reversibility, Onsager reciprocal relations, thermal
osmosis, thermoelectric phenomena.
3.2 Bioenergetics: Coupled reactions, ATP and its role in bioenergetics, high energy
bond, free energy and entropy change in ATP hydrolysis, thermodynamic aspects of
metabolism and respiration, glycolysis, biological redox reactions.

Unit 4: Photochemistry (9 Hrs)

4.1 Quantum yield, chemical actinometry, photosensitization, chemiluminescence,
bioluminescence, thermoluminescence, pulse radiolysis, hydrated electrons,
photostationary state, dimerisation of anthracene, ozone layer in the atmosphere,
chemistry of photosynthesis.
4.2 Principle of utilization of solar energy, solar cells and their working.

4.3 Quenching of fluorescence and its kinetics, Stern-Volmer equation, concentration

quenching, fluorescence and structure, delayed fluorescence, E-type and P-type,
effect of temperature on emissions, photochemistry of environment, greenhouse
effect, application of pulsed laser in measuring the dynamics of photochemical
processes, photochemistry of vision.

Unit 5: Electro and Thermo analytical Techniques (9 Hrs)

5.1 Amperometric titrations: General principles of amperometry, application of
amperometry in the qualitative analysis of anions and cations in solution, titration
procedure, merits and demerits of amperometric titrations.
5.2 Coulometry: Coulometer-Hydrogen Oxygen coulometers, silver coulometer,
coulometric analysis with constant current, coulometric titrations, application of
coulometric titrations-neutralization titrations, complex formation titrations, redox
titrations, advantages of coulometry.

5.3 Differential Thermal analysis (DTA): Principle, instrumentation, advantages and

disadvantages, Pharmaceutical applications, derivative differential thermal analysis
(DDTA), TGA-principle, instrumentation, factors affecting results, advantages and
disadvantages, pharmaceutical applications.

Unit 6: Nano Science (9 Hrs)

6.1 Nanochemistry: Synthesis-bottom up and top down methods-physical vapour
deposition, CVD, precipitation, sol-gel, microemulsion methods.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 47

6.2 Classification: quantum dots, one dimensional and two dimensional nanostructures.

6.3 Properties: Optical, electrical and magnetic properties.

6.4 Characterizations: X-ray, XPS, UV, SEM, TEM.

6.5 Applications of nano materials in catalysis, lithography, photonics and medicine.

References
1. J. Rajaram, J. C. Kuriakose, Kinetics and Mechanisms of Chemical
Transformations, Macmillan India, 2000.
2. K. J. Laidler, Chemical Kinetics, 3rd Edn., Harper & Row, 1987.
3. M. R. Wright, An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics, John-Intersciece, 2007.
4. D. T. Haynie, Biological Thermodynamics, 2nd Edn., Cambridge University Press,
2008.
5. P. W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, ELBS, 1994.
6. D. A. Mc.Quarrie, J.D. Simon, Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach,
University Science Books, 1997.
7. A.W. Adamson, A.P. Gast, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 6th Edn., John Wiley &
Sons, 1997.
8. K. K. Rohatgi-Mukherjee, Fundamentals of Photochemistry, 2nd Edn., New Age
International, 1986.
9. D.O. Cowan, R.L. Drisko, Elements of Organic Photochemistry, Plenum Press,
1976.
10. H. H. Willard, J.A. Dean, L.L. Merritt, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Van
Nostrand, 1965.
11. D. A. Skoog, D. M. West, F. J. Holler, S. R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical
Chemistry, 8th Edn., Saunders College Pub., 2007.
12. A.I. Vogel, A Text Book of Quantitative Analysis including Instrumental Analysis,
John Wiley & Sons, 1961.
13. Charles, P., Poole Jr., Frank J. Owens, Introduction to Nano Technology, 2009.
14. Murty, Shankar, Baldev Raj, Rath, Murday, Text book of Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, 2012.
15. M. S. Ramachandra Rao, Shubra Singh, Nano Science and Technology:
Fundamentals to Frontiers, Wiley, 2016.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 48

 CH 05 03 03 CONCEPTS OF POLYMER CHEMISTRY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture hours 72

Unit 1: Introduction to Polymer Chemistry (9 Hrs)

1.1 Nomenclature of polymers: Nomenclature based on source and structure (Non-

IUPAC), IUPAC structure-based nomenclature system, trade names.

1.2 Classification, the rise of macromolecular science, industrial scenario, molecular

forces and chemical bonding in polymers.

1.3 Basic terms and definitions: Monomer, polymer, end groups, degree of
polymerisation, copolymers, average molecular weight and distribution, polymer
morphology, thermoplastics, elastomers, plastics, thermosetting resin, polymer
blends.

Unit 2: Polymer Reactions and Polymeric Reagents (18 Hrs)

2.1 Principles of polymer reactivity: Yield, isolation of functional groups, concentration,

crystallinity, change in solubility, crosslinking, steric effects, electrostatic effects,
neighbouring-group effects, hydrophobic interactions.

2.2 Crosslinking: Alkyds, elastomers based on 1, 3-dienes-sulfur alone, accelerated

sulfur vulcanization, peroxide and radiation crosslinking.

2.3 Reactions of cellulose: Dissolution, esterification and etherification.

2.4 Graft copolymers: Radical graft polymerization-vinyl macromonomers, chain

transfer and copolymerization, ionizing radiation, redox initiation, living radical
polymerization, anionic graft polymerization, cationic graft polymerization.

2.5 Miscellaneous polymer reactions: Halogenation-natural rubber, saturated hydrocarbon

polymers. Aromatic substitution, cyclisation, reactions of poly(vinyl acetate).

2.6 Polymer supported reagents: Oxidising reagents, reducing reagents, bases, coupling
reagents, catalysts, wittig reagents, polymer supports in solid phase peptide and
protein synthesis.

Unit 3: Special Methods for Polymer Synthesis (9 Hrs)

3.1 Metathesis, group-transfer polymerisation, macromers in polymer synthesis, genetic

engineering, solid state-gas phase-plasma polymerisation, polymerisation in
supercritical fluids, polymerisation in ionic liquids, click chemistry for
polymerisation, Ziegler Natta polymerizations.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 49

Unit 4: Polymerisation Mechanisms and Polymerisation Techniques (18 Hrs)

4.1 Step-reaction (condensation) polymerisation: Mechanism, kinetics, linear stepwise

polymerization, polyfunctional step-reaction polymerization.

4.2 Radical chain(addition) polymerization: Mechanism of vinyl polymerization, kinetics

of vinyl radical polymerization, effects of temperature and pressure on chain
polymerization.

4.3 Living radical polymerization: Atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP), stable

free-radical polymerisation(SFRP), radical addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT).

4.4 Ionic and coordination chain(addition) polymerization: Cationic polymerization,

anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization.

4.5 Copolymerisation: Kinetics, composition of copolymers, mechanism, block and graft

copolymers.

4.6 Ring opening polymerization: Poly(propylene oxide), epoxy resins, polycaprolactam

(nylon 6)

4.7 Polymerisation techniques: Bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension

polymerization, emulsion polymerization.

Unit 5: Stereochemistry of Polymers (18 Hrs)

5.1 Basic definitions: Configurational unit, configurational base unit, configurational

repeating unit, stereorepeating unit, tacticity, isotactic polymer, syndiotactic polymer,
stereoregular polymer, atactic polymer, stereospecific polymerisation, cistactic
polymer, transtactic polymer, block, tactic block polymer, stereoblock polymer.

5.2 Stereoisomerism in polymers: Monosubstituted ethylene-site of steric isomerism,

tacticity. Disubstituted ethylenes- 1,1-disubstituted ethylene, 1,2-disubstituted
ethylene, carbonyl and ring opening polymerisation.

5.3 Properties of stereoregular polymers: Significance of stereoregularity, isotactic,

syndiotactic, and atactic polypropenes, cis- and trans-1,4-poly-1,3-dienes, cellulose
and amylose, analysis of stereoregularity.

5.4 Optical activity in polymers: Optically active monomers, chiral conformation,

enantiomer-differentiating polymerisation, asymmetric induction.

5.5 Chain conformations: Trans-gauche conformations, steric effects, conformations of

poly ethylene.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 50

References

1. Fred W. Billmeyer Jr., A Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd Edn., 1984.

2. George Odian, Principles of Polymerisation, 4th Edn., Wiley Interscience, 2004.
3. H. R. Allcock, Frederick Walter Lampe, James E. Mark, Contemporary Polymer
Chemistry, 2003.
4. L. H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th Edn., Wiley
Interscience, 2006.
5. Joel R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, 3rd Edn., 2014.
6. J.M.G. Cowie, V. Arrighi, Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, 3rd
Edn., CRS Press, 2007.
7. Hiemenz, P. C., Lodge T. P., Polymer Chemistry, 2nd Edn., CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis Group, USA, 2007.
8. Frank A. Bovay, Chain Structure and Conformation of Macromolecules, Academic
Press, 1982.
9. P. Bahadur, N. V. Sastry, Principles of Polymer Science, 2nd Edn., Narosa
publishing, 2005.
10. John W. Nicholson, The Chemistry of Polymers, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011.
11. Peter A. Lovell, Robert J. Young , Introduction to Polymers, Taylor & Francis Inc.,
2011.
12. Stoyko Fakirov, Fundamentals of Polymer Science for Engineers, Wiley‐VCH Verlag
GmbH & Co, 2017.
13. Jr. Charles E. Carraher, Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Taylor & Francis Inc.,
2017.
14. Dieter A. Schluter , Craig Hawker , Junji Sakamoto, Synthesis of Polymers: New
Structures and Methods, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2012.
15. F. Rodriguiz, C. Cohen, C. Ober, L. A. Archer, Principles of Polymer Systems, 5th
Edn., Taylor & Francis, New York, 2003.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 51

 CH 50 03 04 SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN CHEMISTRY
Credit: 3 Contact Lecture Hours: 54

Unit 1: Ultraviolet-Visible and Chirooptical Spectroscopy (9 Hrs)

1.1 Energy levels and selection rules, Woodward-Fieser and Fieser-Kuhn rules.

1.2 Influence of substituent, ring size and strain on spectral characteristics. Solvent effect,
Stereochemical effect, non-conjugated interactions. Chirooptical properties ORD,
CD, octant rule, axial haloketone rule, cotton effect-applications.

1.3 Problems based on the above topics.

Unit 2: Infrared Spectroscopy (9 Hrs)

2.1 Fundamental vibrations, characteristic regions of the spectrum (fingerprint and

functional group regions), influence of substituent, ring size, hydrogen bonding,
vibrational coupling and field effect on frequency, determination of stereochemistry
by IR technique.

2.2 IR spectra of C=C bonds (olefins and arenes) and C=O bonds.

2.3 Problems on spectral interpretation with examples.

Unit 3: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (18 Hrs)

3.1 Magnetic nuclei with special reference to 1H and 13C nuclei. Chemical shift and
shielding/deshielding, factors affecting chemical shift, relaxation processes, chemical
and magnetic non-equivalence, local diamagnetic shielding and magnetic anisotropy.
1
H and 13C NMR scales.

3.2 Spin-spin splitting: AX, AX2, AX3, A2X3, AB, ABC, AMX type coupling, first
order and non-first order spectra, Pascal’s triangle, coupling constant, mechanism of
coupling- Dirac model. Karplus curve, quadrupole broadening and decoupling,
homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic protons, virtual coupling, long range
coupling. NOE and cross polarization.

3.3 Simplification non-first order spectra to first order spectra: shift reagents, spin
decoupling and double resonance, off resonance decoupling. Chemical shifts and
homonuclear/heteronuclear couplings. Basis of heteronuclear decoupling.

3.4 2D NMR and COSY, HOMOCOSY and HETEROCOSY

3.5 Polarization transfer. Selective Population Inversion. DEPT. Sensitivity enhancement

and spectral editing. MRI.

3.6 Problems on spectral interpretation with examples

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 52

Unit 4: Mass Spectrometry (9 Hrs)

4.1 Molecular ion: Ion production methods (EI). Soft ionization methods: SIMS, FAB,
CA, MALDI-TOF, PD, Field Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Fragmentation
patterns (polyenes, alkyl halides, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes and ketones, esters).
Nitrogen and ring rules. McLafferty rearrangement and its applications. HRMS, MS-
MS, LC-MS, GC-MS.

4.2 Problems on spectral interpretation with examples.

Unit 5: Structural Elucidation Using Spectroscopic Techniques (9 Hrs)

5.1 Identification of structures of unknown organic compounds based on the data from
UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy (HRMS data or Molar mass or
molecular formula may be given).

5.2 Interpretation of the given UV-Vis, IR and NMR spectra.

5.3 Spectral analysis of the following reactions/functional transformations:

a. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement
b. Benzoin condensation
c. (4+2) cycloaddition
d. Beckmann rearrangement
e. Cis-trans isomerisation of azo compounds
f. Benzil-benzilic acid rearrangement
g. Fries rearrangement
References

1. D.L. Pavia, G.M. Lampman, G.S. Kriz, Introduction to Spectroscopy, 3rd Edn.,
Brooks Cole, 2000.
2. A.U. Rahman, M.I. Choudhary, Solving Problems with NMR Specroscopy, Academic
Press, 1996.
3. L. D. Field, S. Sternhell, J. R. Kalman, Organic Structures from Spectra, 4thEdn.,
John Wiley & sons, 2007.
4. C. N. Banwell, E.M. McCash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th Edn.,
Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.
5. D. F. Taber, Organic Spectroscopic Structure Determination: A Problem Based
Learning Approach, Oxford University Press, 2007.
6. H. Gunther, NMR Spectroscopy, 2nd Edn., Wiley, 1995.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 53

 7. R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler, T.C. Morril, Spectroscopic Identification of Organic
Compounds, 5th Edn., Wiley, 1991.
8. D.H. Williams, I. Fleming, Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, 6th Edn.,
McGraw-Hill, 2008.
9. W. Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, 2nd Edn., Macmillan, 1987.
10. F. Bernath, Spectra of Atoms and Molecules, 2nd Edn., Oxford University Press, 2005.
11. E. B. Wilson Jr., J.C. Decius, P.C. Cross, Molecular Vibrations: The Theory of
Infrared and Raman Vibrational Spectra, Dover Pub., 1980.
12. Online spectral databases including RIO-DB.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 54

 SEMESTER 4
ELECTIVE COURSES
(Any one group of 3 courses to be opted from the following two groups)

GROUP A ELECTIVE COURSES

CH 88 04 01 PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISATION METHODS OF
POLYMERS
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 90

Unit 1: Morphology and Order in Crystalline Polymers (18 Hrs)

1.1 Polymer morphology: Common polymer morphologies, structural requirements for

crystallinity, degree of crystallinity, crystallisability-mechanism of crystallisation.

1.2 Polymer single crystals: Lamellae, complex structures, disorder and nature of the
fold surfaces.

1.3 Structure of polymers crystallized from melt: The fringed micelle concept, the defect
structure of crystalline polymers, extended-chain crystals, structure of spherulites,
relation of sherulites to crystallites, morphology of sperulites.

1.4 Theory of crystallisation: Avrami equation, Hoffman’s nucleation theory, the entropic
barrier theory.

1.5 Strain induced morphology: Fibrillar crystallisation, cold drawing, morphology

changes during orientation, degree of orientation-X-ray diffraction, birefringes,
infrared dichroism.

1.6 Morphological analysis: Optical microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM and

TEM), atomic force microscopy.

Unit 2: Polymer Solutions (18 Hrs)

2.1 Criteria for polymer solubility: Solubility, polymer texture and solubility, the concept
of solubility parameter, Hildebrand solubility parameter and its application.

2.2 Thermodynamics of polymer solution: Flory-Huggins theory(liquid lattice theory),

modified Flory-Huggins theory, entropy of mixing, enthalpy and free energy of
mixing, dilute polymer solutions (Flory-Krigbaum theory), advantages and limitation
of FH and FK theories, corresponding state theories.

2.3 Phase Equilibrium: Polymer-solvent miscibility, binary polymer-solvent systems,

ternary systems, multicomponent systems, polymer-polymer miscibility,

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 55

2.4 Fractionation of polymers by solubility: Bulk fractionation by nonsolvent addition,
column elution-solvent gradient elution, thermal gradient elution, analytical
precipitation techniques-summative fractionation, turbidimetric titration.

2.5 Conformations of polymer chain in solution: End-to-end dimension, the freely joined
chain, real polymer chains, fixed bond angle-freely rotating, fixed bond angle-
restricted rotation, long range interactions.

Unit 3: Properties and Testing of Polymers (27 Hrs)

3.1 Testing: Overview of various testing methods and standards such as ASTM, BIS and
ISO. Test specimen preparation-milling, punching, template, cutting from sheets or
films product.

3.2 Mechanical properties of polymers: Stress-strain properties in tension, tensile

strength, fatigue tests, flexural strength, impact tests, tear resistance, hardness,
abrasion resistance, creep and stress relaxation, dynamic mechanical analysis
(DMA), Young’s modulus, polymer fracture behaviour-brittle fracture, linear elastic
fracture mechanics. Hardness test methods- principle of hardness testing,
conventional hardness testing methods, test methods for determining hardness values
after unloading, test methods for determining hardness values under load,
comparability of hardness values, instrumented hardness test-fundamentals of
measurement methodology, material parameters derived from instrumented hardness
tests. Quasi-static test methods-deformation behaviour of polymers, tensile tests on
polymers-theoretical basis of the tensile test, conventional tensile tests, enhanced
information of tensile tests, tear test, compression test on polymers-theoretical basis
of the compression test, performance and evaluation of compression tests, bend tests
on polymers-theoretical basis of the bend best.

3.3 Thermal properties: Thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, heat capacity, heat
deflection temperature, vicat softening temperature, torsion pendulum test, glass
transition temperature.

3.4 Electrical properties: Dielectric strength, short time method, slow rate of rise method,
step by step method, dielectric constant and dissipation factor, arc resistance test.
Conducting polymers-conduction mechanism, applications of conducting polymers
with examples, polymers with piezo, pyro, ferro electric characters.

3.5 Optical properties: transmittance and reflectance, gloss, haze, transparency, refractive
index.

3.6 Polymer viscoelasticity: Introduction, simple rheological responses-the ideal

elastic response, pure viscous flow, rubberlike elastic, viscoelasticity-mechanical
models for linear viscoelastic response, Maxwell model-creep experiment, stress
relaxation experiment, dynamic experiment, the Voight element, the four-parameter
model, material response time-the Deborah Number, relaxation and retardation

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 56

 spectra, Maxwell-Weichert model (relaxation), Voight-Kelvin (creep) model,
superposition principle-Boltzmann superposition principle, time-temperature
superposition principle.

Unit 4: Characterisation Methods of Polymers (18 Hrs)

4.1 Polymer molecular weight characterization: Molecular weight distribution,

number average molecular weight determination-osmometry techniques, end
group analysis, colligative property measurements. Weight average molecular
weight determination-light scattering technique, sedimentation technique, higher
average molecular weight determination-gel permeation chromatography (GPC),
viscosity average molecular weight (Mŋ) determination-viscometry,
ultracentrifugation.

4.2 Spectroscopic methods of characterization: Vibrational spectroscopy methods-IR,

Raman spectroscopy. Resonance method-NMR spectroscopy, diffusion-ordered
NMR spectroscopy (DOSY). Electronic spectroscopy methods- UV/visible
spectroscopy, fluorescence, electron spin resonance (ESR). Scattering
spectroscopy methods-X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, small angle
neutron scattering. Mass spectroscopy method characterization, molecular relaxation
spectroscopy-X-ray and neutron scattering methods.

4.3 Microscopy methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron

microscopy (SEM).

4.4 Thermo-analytical methods: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential

thermal analysis (DTA), thermo-mechanical analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis.

Unit 5: Polymer Waste Management (9 Hrs)

5.1 Analysis of polymer wastes: Flouresence labelling, time-gated fluorescence

spectroscopy, identification of black plastics, life cycle assessment, analysis of
contaminated mixed waste plastics, application of Raman spectroscopy in waste
analysis, SPI codes.

5.2 Management: Source reduction, product reuse, durable products, recycling of plastic
wastes, plastic waste to energy, landfilling of waste plastics, alternative plastic
materials.

5.3 Polymer recycling: Recycling codes, mechanical recycling-primary and secondary,

chemical recycling-tertiary recycling, quaternary recycling- thermal utilisation,
renewable polymer synthesis, sustainable bio-plastic production through landfill
methane recycling.

5.4 Biodegradable polymers, degradation products in degradable polymers, recycling

BIOPOL-composting, laboratory-scale composting, test methods to determine

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 57

 polymer biodegradability, synthesis and applications of photodegradable poly
(ethylene terephthalate).

References

1. Fred W. Billmeyer Jr. Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd Edn., John Wiley & Sons,
Asia, 1994.
2. Robert O. Ebewele, Polymer Science & Technology, CRC press, New York, 2000.
3. Joel R. Fried, Polymer Science & Technology, 3rd Edn., 2014.
4. P. Bahadur, N. V. Sastry, Principles of Polymer Science, Narosa publishing house
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005.
5. Charles E., Carraher Jr., Polymer Chemistry, 6th Edn., 2003.
6. Iwao Teraoka, Polymer Solutions: An Introduction to Physical Properties, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., 2002.
7. Wolfgang Grellmann, Sabine Seidler, 2nd Edn., Hanser Publications, Polymer Testing,
2013.
8. Roger P. Brown; Blackwell, Handbook of Polymer testing, Publishing Ltd Oxford,
UK, 1999.
9. Saviour A. Umoren, Moses M. Solomon, Polymer Science: research, advances,
practical applications and educational aspects, 2016.
10. Arza S., Characterization and Analysis of Polymers, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
11. B. J. Hunt, M. I. James, Polymer Characterisation, 1997.
12. Fred J. Davis, Polymer Chemistry: A practical approach, Oxford University Press,
2004.
13. L.H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th Edn., Wiley-Interscience,
2005.
14. F. Rodriguiz, C. Cohen, C. Ober, L. A. Archer, Principles of Polymer Systems, 5th
Edn., Taylor & Francis, New York, 2003.
15. V. R. Gowarikar, Polymer Science, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
1997.
16. Tirthankar Banerjee, Rajeev Kumar Srivastava, Yung-Tse Hung, Handbook of
Environmental and Waste Management Vol. 2, 2012.
17. Johannes Karl Fink, Polymer Waste Management, 1st Edn., John Wiley & Sons, 2018.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 58

CH 88 04 02 ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 90

Unit 1: Specialty Polymers (18 Hrs)

1.1 Poly electrolytes-water soluble charged polymers, ionomers (ion containing

polymers), conducting polymers, solid polymer electrolytes (SPE), electroluminescent
polymers, fluoropolymers, block copolymers(multiphase polymers), polymer colloids,
thermoplastic elastomers(TPE), polyblends (heterogeneous plastics), inter
penetrating network (IPN) polymers, thermally stable polymers, telechelic polymers
(functional polymers) polymer microgel, biomedical polymers.

1.2 Liquid crystalline polymers: Definition and synthesis, main chain liquid crystalline
polymers, side chain liquid crystalline polymers, combined side chain- main chain
liquid crystalline polymers, liquid crystalline polymer networks, liquid crystalline
elastomers, application of liquid crystalline polymers.

1.3 Dendritic polymers: Origin of dendrimers, structure, properties, design and synthesis-
divergent growth method, convergent growth method, medicinal application.

1.4 Introduction to: Polymers for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic and
hybrid solar cell, supramolecular polymer science.

Unit 2: Adhesives and Surface Coating (9 Hrs)

2.1 Adhesives: Introduction, theory, surface treatment, joint design, physical nature of
adhesives, types of adhesives, natural glues, applications, elastomer adhesives,
synthetic adhesives, olefinic polymer adhesives, types of epoxy adhesives, inorganic
adhesives, bio adhesives, test methods in determining the strength and properties of
adhesives.

2.2 Surface coating: Introduction, types of coating, drying oils, types of resins,
surfactants, surface preparation, solvent selection, methods of coating, theory of
powder coating, application of powder coating, curving process. Corrosion,
electroplating, hazards and safety measures in paint industry.

Unit 3: Polymer Blends and Composites (18 Hrs)

3.1 Polymer blends: Classification, principles and methods involved in the preparation of
different polymer blends, study of polymer blends and alloys on the basis of
miscibility, criteria for selection of polymer. Compatibility of blends-principles of
solubility and compatibility, thermodynamics of miscibility, mechanical
compatibility. Phase morphology-Phase separation behaviour, morphology of blends
and its determination- electron microscopy- domain structure.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 59

3.2 Introduction to rheology of polymer blends: Relevance in processing, rheology–
phase morphology relationships and their relevance, micro rheology, rheological
models-solution, and suspension models.

3.3 Industrial applications of polymer blends.

3.4 Polymer composites: Fundamental concepts, factors influencing the performance of

polymer composites-aspect ratio, void content, length of the fibre, nature of the fibre.
Structure property relationship between fibre and matrix, modifications of the fibre
surface, degree of interaction between fibre and matrix, wetting behaviour, degree of
cross linking etc.,

3.5 Processing of thermoplastic composites: Types of processing methods, solution, film,

lamination, sandwich etc., processing conditions, advantages and disadvantages.

3.6 Fabrications of thermoset composites: Hand layup method, compression and transfer
moulding, pressure and vacuum bag process, filament winding, protrusion, reinforced
RIM, RRIM, injection moulding of thermosets, SMC and DMC.

3.7 Nano-composites: Definition, types, methods of fabrication, characterization.

Polymer/CNTs and Polymer/Nanoclay based composites, properties and their
functional applications.

Unit 4: Polymer Compounding and Processing (18 Hrs)

4.1 Polymer mixing: Introduction, basic concepts, mechanism of mixing and dispersion,
mixing of solid-solid, liquid-liquid and liquid-solid, dispersive mixing, distributive
mixing and laminar mixing, mixing indices, kinetics of mixing, rheology of filled
polymers.

4.2 Compounding: Introduction, types and characteristics of compounds-polymer blends,

polymer formulations, filled polymers and polymer composites, compounding
practice, mixing types, solid additives, morphology of filler additives,
compatibilizers-mechanism and theory, filler surface modification and interfacial
agents, dispersion of polymer nanoparticles in polymer melt, fillers and
reinforcements viz. carbon black, ZnO, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, nano clay,
glass fibers, organic fillers, nanofillers. Compounding ingredients for rubber-fillers,
reinforcing, semi reinforcing and nonreinforcing, peptizers, vulcanizing agents,
activators, accelerators, anti-oxidants, antiozonants, pigments, tackifiers, blowing
agents, bonding agents and processing aids. Vulcanization of rubber, types of
vulcanisation, rheograph, cure time, scorch time.

4.3 Polymer processing: Casting-die casting, rotational casting, film casting,

thermoforming, foaming, lamination, reinforcing, processing of fibres-dry spinning,
wet spinning, melt spinning, moulding processes-compression moulding, injection
moulding, transfer moulding, blow moulding, extrusion moulding, calendaring.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 60

Unit 5: Fibre Science and Technology (9 Hrs)

5.1 Basic concepts, structural attributes of fibres, fibre characteristics.

5.2 Natural fibres: Natural fibres of vegetable origin, the seed and fruit fibres, natural
fibres of animal origin-silk, natural mineral fibre.

5.3 Man-made fibres: Introduction, spinning, semi-synthetic fibres from cellulose,

regenerated protein fibres, synthetic fibres-rayon, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon
6 and nylon 66, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol.

5.4 Miscellaneous fibres: Carbon fibre, glass fibre, boron fibre, ceramic fibre-alumina
fibre.

5.5 Brief outline of manufacture of textiles: Fibres to yarn, yarns to fabrics-weaving,

knitting, braiding, compound fabric constructions, finishing processes, dyeing and
printing.

Unit 6: Rubber Manufacturing and Latex Technology (9 Hrs)

6.1 Natural rubber latex: Composition of latex, conservation, gelation, stability of latex &
flocking, chemical modifications of natural latex- prevulcanisation, grafting,
halogenations, hydro halogenations.

6.2 Synthetic latex: SBR lattices and its types like XSBR, properties, NBR lattices and
its properties, poly chloroprene and its properties, butyl lattices, comparative
study of natural, SBR, NBR & poly chloroprene.

6.3 Latex testing: Sampling, total solids, dry rubber content, pH, VFA number, KOH
number, mechanical & chemical stability.

6.4 Manufacturing techniques: Dipping-principle & process, foam making-principle,

dunlop process, talalay process.

6.5 Physical testing of rubber: Tests on raw materials, tests on rubber compounds, tests on
vulcanised samples, tests on products.

6.6 Rubber product manufacturing machinery: Mixing mills, calender machine, extruder,
handfly screw press, hydraulic press.
Unit 7: Research Methodology of Chemistry (9 Hrs)
7.1 Purpose of research, conceptualization, elements of a research proposal, research
project.
7.2 Types of research: Fundamental, applied and experimental research.
7.3 Chemical literature: Primary, secondary and tertiary sources of literature, literature
databases-ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Chemical Abstract.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 61

7.4 Scientific writing: Scientific document, writing of research paper, short
communications, review articles, monographs, authored books, edited books and
dissertation.

7.5 Important scientific and chemistry journals of various publishers and their impact
factors.

7.6 Introduction to: subject index, substance index, author index, h-index.

References

1. P. Bahadur, N. V. Sastry, Principles of Polymer Science, Narosa publishing house

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005.
2. M.S. Bhatnagar, A Textbook of Polymers, Vol II, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2004.
3. Premamoy Ghosh, Fibre Science & Technology, McGraw-Hill professional, 2004.
4. D.C. Blackley, Polymer lattices: Science and Technology, Springer Netherlands,
2012.
5. J. M. Martin, W. K. Smith, Hand Book of Rubber Technology, CBS Publishers, 2004.
6. Joel R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, 3rd Edn., 2014.
7. Zehev Tadmor, Costas G. Gogos, Principles of Polymer Processing, 2nd Edn., 2006.

8. Jean M. J. Fréchet, Donald A. Tomalia, Dendrimers and other Dendritic Polymers,

Wiley, 2002.
9. Muralisrinivasan, Natamai, Subramanian, Polymer Blends and Composites:
Chemistry and Technology, Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2017.
10. Lloyd M. Robeson, Polymer Blends, Hanser Gardner Publications, U.S.A, 2007.
11. Leszek A. Utracki, Polymer Alloys and Blends: Thermodynamics and Rheology,
Hanser Gardner Publications, 1989.
12. Paul D Leedy, Jeanne E. Ormrod and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, Practical Research:
Planning and Design, Prentice Hall, 2004.
13. John W. Creswell, Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods, 2008.
14. Ezio Martuscelli, Polymer Blends: Processing, Morphology, and Properties, Springer-
Verlag New York Inc., 2011.
15. P. M. Ajayan, L.S. Schadler, P. V. Braun, Nanocomposites - Science and Technology,
Wiley-VCH, 2004.
16. P. M. Ajayan, L.S. Schadler, P. V. Braun, Nanocomposites - Science and Technology,
Wiley-VCH, 2004.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 62

CH 88 04 03 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 90

Unit 1: Organic Synthesis via Oxidation and Reduction (18 Hrs)

1.1 Survey of organic reactions with special reference to oxidation and reduction.
Metal based and non-metal based oxidations of (a) alcohols to carbonyls-
chromium (John’s oxidation, Collin’s oxidation, Sarrett oxidation),
manganese, aluminium and DMSO (Swernoxidation, Moffatt–Pfitzner
oxidation, Kornblum oxidation, Corey-Kim oxidation) based reagents (b)
alkenes to epoxides (peroxides/per acids based)-Sharpless asymmetric
epoxidation, Jacobsen epoxidation, Shi epoxidation (c) alkenes to diols
(manganese and osmium based)-Prevost reaction and Woodward modification
(d) alkenes to carbonyls with bond cleavage (manganese based, ozonolysis) (e)
alkenes to alcohols/carbonyls without bond cleavage-hydroboration-oxidation,
Wacker oxidation, selenium based allylic oxidation (f) ketones to ester/lactones-
Baeyer-Villiger oxidation.

1.2 (a) Catalytic hydrogenation (heterogeneous-Palladium/Platinum/Rhodium and

Nickel, homogeneous-Wilkinson). (b)Metal based reductions-Birch
reduction, pinacol formation, acyloin formation (c) enzymatic reduction using
Baker’s yeast.

Unit 2: Modern Synthetic Methods (18 Hrs)

2.1 Baylis-Hillman reaction, Henry reaction, Nef reaction, Kulinkovich reaction,

Ritter reaction, Sakurai reaction, Tishchenko reaction, Brook rearrangement,
Tebbe olefination. Metal mediated C-C and C-X coupling reactions-Heck,
Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura, Negishi, Sonogashira, Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi,
Buchwald-Hartwig, Ullmann and Glaser coupling reactions. Click reactions
(Huisgen 1,3-dipolar addition).
2.2 Multicomponent reactions: Ugi reaction, Passerini reaction, Biginelli reaction.

Unit 3: Synthetic Reagents (9 Hrs)

3.1 Hydride transfer reagents from Group III and Group IV in reductions: LiAlH4,
DIBAL-H, Red-Al, NaBH4 and NaCNBH3, selectrides, trialkylsilanes and
trialkyl stannane, aluminum isopropoxide (oxidation and reduction). Reagents
such as NBS, DDQ and DCC, Gilmann reagent, DMAP-Borane, PCC, DEAD
(Mitsunobu reaction).

Unit 4: Construction of Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Ring Systems (9 Hrs)

4.1 Synthesis of four, five and six-membered rings: Photochemical approaches for
the synthesis of four membered rings-oxetanes and cyclobutanes, ketene

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 63

 cycloaddition (inter and intra molecular), Pauson-Khand reaction, Volhardt
reaction, Bergman cyclization, Nazarov cyclization, cation-olefin cyclization,
radical-olefin cyclization.

4.2 Inter conversion of ring systems(contraction and expansion): Demjenov

reaction, Reformatsky reaction, construction of macrocyclic rings-ring closing
metathesis (Grubb’s catalyst).

4.3 Formation of heterocyclic rings: 5-membered ring heterocyclic compounds with

one or more than one hetero atom like N, S or O-pyrrole, furan, thiophene,
imidazole, thiazole and oxazole.

Unit 5: Protecting Group Chemistry (9 Hrs)

5.1 Protection and deprotection of hydroxy, carboxyl, carbonyl, and amino groups.
Chemo and regio selective protection and deprotection.

5.2 Protection and deprotection in peptide synthesis: Common protecting groups

used in peptide synthesis, protecting groups used in solution phase and solid
phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).

Unit 6: Retrosynthetic Analysis (9 Hrs)

6.1 Basic principles and terminology of retrosynthesis, synthesis of aromatic

compounds, one group and two group C-X disconnections, one group C-C and
two group C-C disconnections.

6.2 Amine and alkene synthesis: Important strategies of retrosynthesis, functional

group transposition, important functional group interconversions,
retrosynthesis of D-luciferin, functional equivalents and reactivity-Umpolung
reaction (Ireland-Claisen rearrangement).

Unit 7: Supramolecular Chemistry (9 Hrs)

7.1 Concept of molecular recognition, host-guest complex formation, forces

involved in molecular recognition.
7.2 Controlling supramolecular topology-the art of building supramolecules.
7.3 Molecular receptors: Cyclodextrins, crown ethers, cryptands, spherands,
tweezers, carcerands, cyclophanes, calixarenes, carbon nanocapsules.
Dendrimers-molecular trees, rotaxanes-threading molecular rings.
7.4 Applications of supramolecular complexes in perfumery and medicine.

Unit 8: Green Chemistry (9 Hrs)

8.1 Principles of Green Chemistry: Basic concepts, atom economy, twelve

principles of green chemistry, principles of green organic synthesis.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 64

8.2 Green alternatives to organic synthesis: Coenzyme catalysed reactions, thiamine
catalysed benzoin condensation, green alternatives of molecular rearrangements-
pinacol-pinacolone and benzidine rearrangements, electrophilic aromatic
substitution reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, clay catalysed
synthesis, condensation reactions, green photochemical reactions.

8.3 Green Solvents: Ionic liquids, supercritical CO2, fluorous chemistry.

8.4 General principles of microwave and ultrasound assisted organic synthesis.

References

1. M.B. Smith, Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edn., Wave function Inc., 2010.
2. F. A. Carey, R.I. Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A and B, 5th Edn.,
Springer, 2007.
3. S. Warren, P. Wyatt, Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach, 2nd Edn.,
Wiley, 2008.
4. V. K. Ahluwalia, Oxidation in Organic Synthesis, CRC Press, 2012.
5. I. Ojima, Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis, 3rd Edn., John Wiley & sons, 2010.
6. W. Carruthers, I. Coldham, Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 4th Edn.,
Cambridge University Press, 2004.
7. J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren, P. Wothers, Organic Chemistry, Oxford
University Press, 2001.
8. R. Noyori, Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 1994.
9. L. Kuerti, B. Czako, Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic
Synthesis, Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.
10. R. O. C. Norman, J.M. Coxon, Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edn., Chapmann
and Hall, 1993.
11. V. K. Ahluwalia, L.S. Kumar, S. Kumar, Chemistry of Natural Products, CRS
Press, 2007.
12. J. M. J. Frechet, D.A. Tomalia, Dendrimers and other Dentritic Polymers, Wiley,
2001.
13. J. M. J. Frechet, C.J. Hawker, Comprehensive Polymer Science, 2nd Edn.,
Pergamon, 1996.
14. V. K. Ahluwalia, Green Chemistry, Narosa Publishing House, 2013.
15. Jonathan W. Steed & Jerry L. Atwood, Supramolecular Chemistry, Wiley, 2nd
Edn. 2009.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 65

 16. Katsuhiko Ariga, Toyoki Kunitake, Supramolecular Chemistry-Fundamentals
and Applications, Springer, 2006.
17. V.K. Ahluwalia, Green Chemistry, Ane Books, 2009.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 66

 GROUP B
ELECTIVE COURSES
CH 89 04 01 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 90

Unit 1: Drugs Acting on ANS (18 Hrs)

1.1 Adrenergic stimulants: Phenyl ethanolamine derivatives-adrenaline, isoprenaline,

salbutamol, ephedrine, and phenylephrine. Imidazole derivatives-naphazoline,
xylometazoline and oxymetazoline.

1.2 Adrenergic blockers: α and β adrenoreceptor antagonists-ergot akaloids,

phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, tolazoline, DCI, propranolol, atenolol, labetolol.
Neurone blockers–Bretilium and Xylocholine.

1.3 Cholinergic stimulants: nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, acetyl choline and
analogues, pilocarpine, bethanechol and carbachol.

1.4 Cholinergic blockers: tertiary and quaternary antimuscarinics, antispasmodic drugs-

dicyclomine, glycopyrrolate, antiulcer drugs-pirenzepine, cycloplegic drugs-
tropicamide, homatropine

1.5 Anticholinesterases: Competitive inhibitors-physostigmine and neostigmine.

1.6 Non-competitive inhibitors: organophosphorus compounds, Nerve gases,

Cholinesterase regenerators-2 PAM.

1.7 Ganglion blocking agents: mecamylamine and trimethophan

1.8 Curareform drugs: curare alkaloids, erythrina alkaloids and gallamine.

1.9 Synthesis of the following drugs: salbutamol, naphazoline, tolazoline, propranolol,

bretilium, carbachol, mecamylamine and gallamine.

Unit 2: Drugs acting on CVS (9 Hrs)

2.1 Cardiotonic drugs: cardiac glycosides-their chemistry and stereochemistry, Digoxin

and digitoxin.

2.2 Antiarrhythmic drugs: quinidine, disopyramide, lidocaine, phenytoin and

procainamide, β-blockers-propranolol. Calcium channel blockers-verapamil and
Neurone blockers-bretilium.

2.3 Antihypertensive Drugs: peripheral antiadrenergics-prazosin and terazosin. Centrally

acting drugs-reserpine, clonidine and methyl dopa. β-blockers- propranolol, atenolol

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 67

 and labetalol. Calcium channel blockers-nifedipine and amlodipine. ACE inhibitors-
captopri. Angiotensin receptor blockers-losartan. Diuretics-thiazide diuretics.

2.4 Antianginal drugs: vasodilators-nitrites and nitrates, β-blockers-propranolol. Calcium

channel blockers-verapamil and nifedipine. Miscellaneous-dipyridamol and aspirin.

2.5 Anticoagulants: heparin, coumarin derivatives and indane dione derivatives.

2.6 Antilipidemic agents: atherosclerosis (mention only), Statins-lovastatin, simvastatin,

fluvastatin, Fibrates-clofibrate, Miscellaneous-bile acid sequestrants and
cholestyramine resin.

2.7 Synthesis of the following drugs: procainamide, disopyramide, amlodipine,

verapamil, captopril and fluvastatin.

Unit 3: Chemotherapy (27 Hrs)

3.1 Antibiotics: β-lactam antibiotics-penicillins and cephalosporins, natural, biosynthetic

and semisynthetic penicillins, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, a brief study of
macrolide antibiotics, aminoglycoside antibiotics, polyene antibiotics,
fluoroquinolones.

3.2 Sulphonamides: sulphanilamide, N-substituted sulphanilamide derivatives,

mechanism of action, sulphones-dapsone, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors-
trimethoprim and cotrimoxazole.

3.3 Antitubercular agents: first line drugs-isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide,

ethambutol, and streptomycin. Second line drugs-ethionamide, paraaminosalicylic
acid and fluoroquinolones.

3.4 Antifungal agents: Antibiotics-amphotericinB, griseofulvin and nystatin. Azole

derivatives-ketoconozole,terconozole,fluconozole and clotrimazole. Pyrimidine
derivatives- 5 Flucytosine.

3.5 Antiviral drugs: amantidine, interferon and ribavirin. Anti HIV agents- zidovudine,
and abacavir. Anti herpes simplex agents-brivudine, vidarabin and acyclovir. Anti-
influeza agents-oseltamivir(tamiflu).

3.6 Antiprotozoal agents: Amoebicides-metranidazole and tinidazole. Antimalarials-

chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine, quinacrine and proguanil. Anthelmintics-
piperazines and benzimidazoles. Miscellaneous-eflornithine and pentamidine.
Synthesis of the following drugs: ampicillin, cephalexin, chloramphenicol,
sulphamethoxazole, dapsone, trimethoprim, ethambutol, griseofulvin, clotrimazole,
acyclovir, metranidazole, primaquine, mebendazole.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 68

Unit 4: Antineoplastic Drugs (9 Hrs)

4.1 Neoplasm-cause therapeutic approaches. Alkylating agents-nitrogen mustards,

nitrosourea, aziridines and aryl sulphonates. Antimetabolites-folic acid. Antagonists-
purine and pyrimidine antagonists. Antibiotics-anthracyclines, actinomycinD,
bleomycin. Plant products-vinca alkaloids, taxol derivatives. Hormones and their
antagonists-tamoxifen. Miscellaneos-procarbazine, cisplatin.

4.2 Synthesis of the following drugs: chlorambucil, carmustin, thiotepa, methotrexate, 5-

fluoro uracil, procarbazine.

Unit 5: Psychopharmocological Agents (9 Hrs)

5.1 Tranquilisers: rauwolfia alkaloids, meprobamate, oxazepim, benzodiazepines,

chlordiazepoxide, phenothiazene derivatives.

5.2 Antidepressants: MAO inhibitors-Isocarboxazide, tranylcypromine and phenelzine.

Tricyclic compounds-imipramine, trimipramine, amitriptynine, doxepine, amoxapine.
Miscellaneous compounds-fluoxetine and trazodone.

5.3 Antipsychotics: phenothiazine and thiothixene derivatives, butyrophenones-

haloperidol, droperidon, rauwolfia alkaloids.

5.4 Hallucinogens: triptaminederivatives-DMT, psilocybin, phenylalkylamines-

mescaline, lysergic acid derivatives-LSD.

5.5 Synthesis of the following drugs: chlordiazepoxide, meprobamate, imipramine

chlorpromazine, tranylcypromine and haloperidol.

Unit 6: Miscellaneous class of compounds (18 Hrs)

6.1 Diuretics: common diuretics and their mechanism of action-mercurial and

nonmercurial diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors- acetazolamide and
methazolamide, thiazide derivatives-hydrochlorothiazide, Loop diuretics- furosemide
and ethacrynic acid, potassium sparing diuretics-amiloride, spironolactone.

6.2 Antihistaminic drugs: histamine and its biological role, H1 antagonists- aminoalkyl
ethers, diphenhydramine and doxylamine, ethylenediamine derivatives-pyrilamine,
phenothiazines-promethazine, trimeprazine, piperazine derivatives-cyclizines,
miscellaneous compounds-cetrizine and cyproheptadine.

6.3 Hypogycemic agents: type 1 and type 2 diabetes, insulin, suphonyl ureas-
tolbutamide, acetohexamide and glibenclamide, biguanides-metformin,
thiazolidinediones-rosiglitazone.

6.4 Local anaesthetics: clinical application of local anaesthesia, coca and cocaine,
hexylcaine, paraaminobenzoic acid derivative-benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine,
chloroprocaine, anilides, lidocaine, etiodacaine and prilocaine.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 69

6.5 Antitussives: centrally acting antitussives-opium alkaloids and synthetic substitutes-
codaine, noscapine, pholcodine, ethylmorphine, dextromethorphan, Non narcotic
antitussives-diphenhydramine, expectorants-terpin hydrate, guaicol and bromhexine.

6.6 Gastrointestinal drugs: purgatives-irritant, osmotic, bulk and lubricant purgatives,

Antacids-systemic and non systemic antacids, H2 antagonists-cimetidine and
ranitidine, proton pump inhibitors-omeprazole and pantaprazole, digestants,
carminatives and antidiarrheals.

6.7 Synthesis of the following drugs: acetazolamide, chlorthiazide furosemide, ethacrynic

acid, amiloride, diphenhydramine, pyrilamine, promethazine, omeprazole,
tolbutamide, phenformin, benzocaine, procaine lidocaine, dextromethorphan.

References

1. G. L. Patrick, Medicinal Chemistry, BIOS, 2001.

2. T. Nogrady, D.F. Weaver, Medicinal Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2005.
3. W. O. Foye, T.L. Lemke, D.A. Williams, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 4th Edn.,
Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
4. J. P. Remington, Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol.13, 19th Edn., Mack,
1990.
5. D. Sriram, P.Yogeswari, Medicinal Chemistry, Pearson Education India, 2010.
6. K. D. Tripathi, Essentials of medical Pharmacology, 6th Edn., Jaypee, 2008.
7. L. S. Goodman, A. Gillman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th Edn.,
McGraw Hill, 2001.
8. S. S. Kadam, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Pragati Books, 2008.
9. A. Kar, Medicinal Chemistry, New Age International, 2007.
10. C. O. Wilson, J. M. Beale, J. Block, Textbook of Organic Medicinal and
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 12th Edn., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2010.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 70

 CH 89 04 02 ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 90

Unit 1: Specialty Polymers (18 Hrs)

1.1 Poly electrolytes-water soluble charged polymers, ionomers (ion containing

polymers), conducting polymers, solid polymer electrolytes (SPE), electroluminescent
polymers, fluoropolymers, block copolymers(multiphase polymers), polymer colloids,
thermoplastic elastomers(TPE), polyblends (heterogeneous plastics), inter
penetrating network (IPN) polymers, thermally stable polymers, telechelic polymers
(functional polymers) polymer microgel, biomedical polymers.

1.2 Liquid crystalline polymers: Definition and synthesis, main chain liquid crystalline
polymers, side chain liquid crystalline polymers, combined side chain- main chain
liquid crystalline polymers, liquid crystalline polymer networks, liquid crystalline
elastomers, application of liquid crystalline polymers.

1.3 Dendritic polymers: Origin of dendrimers, structure, properties, design and synthesis-
divergent growth method, convergent growth method, medicinal application.

1.4 Introduction to: Polymers for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic and
hybrid solar cell, supramolecular polymer science.

Unit 2: Adhesives and Surface Coating (9 Hrs)

2.1 Adhesives: Introduction, theory, surface treatment, joint design, physical nature of
adhesives, types of adhesives, natural glues, applications, elastomer adhesives,
synthetic adhesives, olefinic polymer adhesives, types of epoxy adhesives, inorganic
adhesives, bio adhesives, test methods in determining the strength and properties of
adhesives.

2.2 Surface coating: Introduction, types of coating, drying oils, types of resins,
surfactants, surface preparation, coating methods, solvent selection, methods of
coating, theory of powder coating, application of powder coating, curving process.
Corrosion, electroplating, hazards and safety measures in paint industry.

Unit 3: Polymer Blends and Composites (18 Hrs)

3.1 Polymer blends: Classification, principles and methods involved in the preparation of
different polymer blends, study of polymer blends and alloys on the basis of
miscibility, criteria for selection of polymer. Compatibility of blends-principles of
solubility and compatibility, thermodynamics of miscibility, mechanical
compatibility. Phase morphology-Phase separation behaviour, morphology of blends
and its determination- electron microscopy- domain structure.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 71

3.2 Introduction to rheology of polymer blends: Relevance in processing, rheology–
phase morphology relationships and their relevance, micro rheology, rheological
models-solution, and suspension models.

3.3 Industrial applications of polymer blends.

3.4 Polymer composites: Fundamental concepts, factors influencing the performance of

polymer composites-aspect ratio, void content, length of the fibre, nature of the fibre.
Structure property relationship between fibre and matrix, modifications of the fibre
surface, degree of interaction between fibre and matrix, wetting behaviour, degree of
cross linking etc.,

3.5 Processing of thermoplastic composites: Types of processing methods, solution, film,

lamination, sandwitch etc., processing conditions, advantages and disadvantages.

3.6 Fabrications of thermoset composites: Hand layup method, compression and transfer
moulding, pressure and vacuum bag process, filament winding, protrusion, reinforced
RIM, RRIM, injection moulding of thermosets, SMC and DMC.

3.7 Nano-composites: Definition, types, methods of fabrication, characterization.

Polymer/CNTs and Polymer/Nanoclay based composites, properties and their
functional applications.

Unit 4: Polymer Compounding and Processing (18 Hrs)

4.1 Polymer mixing: Introduction, basic concepts, mechanism of mixing and dispersion,
mixing of solid-solid, liquid-liquid and liquid-solid, dispersive mixing, distributive
mixing and laminar mixing, mixing indices, kinetics of mixing, rheology of filled
polymers.

4.2 Compounding: Introduction, types and characteristics of compounds-polymer blends,

polymer formulations, filled polymers and polymer composites, compounding
practice, mixing types, solid additives, morphology of filler additives,
compatibilizers-mechanism and theory, filler surface modification and interfacial
agents, dispersion of polymer nanoparticles in polymer melt, fillers and
reinforcements viz. carbon black, ZnO, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, nano clay,
glass fibers, organic fillers, nanofillers. Compounding ingredients for rubber-fillers,
reinforcing, semi reinforcing and nonreinforcing, peptizers, vulcanizing agents,
activators, accelerators, anti-oxidants, antiozonants, pigments, tackifiers, blowing
agents, bonding agents and processing aids. Vulcanization of rubber, types of
vulcanisation, rheograph, cure time, scorch time.

4.3 Polymer processing: Casting-die casting, rotational casting, film casting,

thermoforming, foaming, lamination, reinforcing, processing of fibres-dry spinning,
wet spinning, melt spinning, moulding processes-compression moulding, injection
moulding, transfer moulding, blow moulding, extrusion moulding, calendaring.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 72

Unit 5: Fibre Science and Technology (9 Hrs)

5.1 Basic concepts, structural attributes of fibres, fibre characteristics.

5.2 Natural fibres: Natural fibres of vegetable origin, the seed and fruit fibres, natural
fibres of animal origin-silk, natural mineral fibre.

5.3 Man-made fibres: Introduction, spinning, semi-synthetic fibres from cellulose,

regenerated protein fibres, synthetic fibres-rayon, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon
6 and nylon 66, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol.

5.4 Miscellaneous fibres: Carbon fibre, glass fibre, boron fibre, ceramic fibre-alumina
fibre.

5.5 Brief outline of manufacture of textiles: Fibres to yarn, yarns to fabrics-weaving,

knitting, braiding, compound fabric constructions, finishing processes, dyeing and
printing.

Unit 6: Rubber Manufacturing and Latex Technology (9 Hrs)

6.1 Natural rubber latex: Composition of latex, conservation, gelation, stability of latex &
flocking, chemical modifications of natural latex- prevulcanisation, grafting,
halogenations, hydro halogenations.

6.2 Synthetic latex: SBR lattices and its types like XSBR, properties, NBR lattices and
its properties, poly chloroprene and its properties, butyl lattices, comparative
study of natural, SBR, NBR & poly chloroprene.

6.3 Latex testing: Sampling, total solids, dry rubber content, pH, VFA number, KOH
number, mechanical & chemical stability.

6.4 Manufacturing techniques: Dipping-principle & process, foam making-principle,

dunlop process, talalay process.

6.5 Physical testing of rubber: Tests on raw materials, tests on rubber compounds, tests on
vulcanised samples, tests on products.

6.6 Rubber product manufacturing machinery: Mixing mills, calender machine, extruder,
handfly screw press, hydraulic press.

Unit 7: Research Methodology of Chemistry (9 Hrs)

7.1 Purpose of research, conceptualization, elements of a research proposal, research
project.
7.2 Types of research: Fundamental, applied and experimental research.
7.3 Chemical literature: Primary, secondary and tertiary sources of literature, literature
databases-ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Chemical Abstract.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 73

7.4 Scientific writing: Scientific document, writing of research paper, short
communications, review articles, monographs, authored books, edited books and
dissertation.
7.5 Important scientific and chemistry journals of various publishers and their impact
factors.
7.6 Introduction to: subject index, substance index, author index, h-index.

References

1. P. Bahadur, N. V. Sastry, Principles of Polymer Science, Narosa publishing house

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005.
2. M.S. Bhatnagar, A Textbook of Polymers, Vol II, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2004.
3. Premamoy Ghosh, Fibre Science & Technology, McGraw-Hill professional, 2004.
4. D.C. Blackley, Polymer lattices: Science and Technology, Springer Netherlands,
2012.
5. J. M. Martin, W. K. Smith, Hand Book of Rubber Technology, CBS Publishers, 2004.
6. Joel R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, 3rd Edn., 2014.
7. Zehev Tadmor, Costas G. Gogos, Principles of Polymer Processing, 2nd Edn., 2006.

8. Jean M. J. Fréchet, Donald A. Tomalia, Dendrimers and other Dendritic Polymers,

Wiley, 2002.
9. Muralisrinivasan, Natamai, Subramanian, Polymer Blends and Composites:
Chemistry and Technology, Scrivener Publishing LLC, 2017.
10. Lloyd M. Robeson, Polymer Blends, Hanser Gardner Publications, U.S.A, 2007.
11. Leszek A. Utracki, Polymer Alloys and Blends: Thermodynamics and Rheology,
Hanser Gardner Publications, 1989.
12. Paul D Leedy, Jeanne E. Ormrod and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, Practical Research:
Planning and Design, Prentice Hall, 2004.
13. John W. Creswell, Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods, 2008.
14. Ezio Martuscelli, Polymer Blends: Processing, Morphology, and Properties, Springer-
Verlag New York Inc., 2011.
15. P. M. Ajayan, L.S. Schadler, P. V. Braun, Nanocomposites - Science and Technology,
Wiley-VCH, 2004.
16. P. M. Ajayan, L.S. Schadler, P. V. Braun, Nanocomposites - Science and Technology,
Wiley-VCH, 2004.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 74

 CH 89 04 03 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Credit: 4 Contact Lecture Hours: 90

Unit 1: Instrumental Methods (36 Hrs)

1.1 Electrical and nonelectrical data domains-transducers and sensors, detectors,

examples for piezoelectric, pyroelectric, photoelectric, pneumatic and thermal
transducers. Criteria for selecting instrumental methods-precision, sensitivity,
selectivity, and detection limits.

1.2 Signals and noise: sources of noise, S/N ratio, methods of enhancing S/N ratio-
hardware and software methods.

1.3 Electronics: transistors, FET, MOSFET, ICs, OPAMs. Application of OPAM in

amplification and measurement of transducer signals.

1.4 UV-Vis spectroscopic instrumentation: types of optical instruments, components of

optical instruments-sources, monochromators, detectors. Sample preparations.
Instrumental noises. Applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis.

1.5 Molecular fluorescence and fluorometers: photoluminiscence and concentration-

electron transition in photoluminescence, factors affecting fluorescence,
instrumentation details. Fluorometric standards and reagents. Introduction to
photoacoustic spectroscopy.

1.6 IR spectrometry: instrumentation designs-various types of sources, monochromators,

sample cell considerations, different methods of sample preparations, detectors of IR-
NDIR instruments. FTIR instruments. Mid IR absorptionspectrometry. Determination
of path length. Application in qualitative and quantitative analysis.

1.7 Raman Spectrometric Instrumentation: sources, sample illumination systems.

Application of Raman Spectroscopy in inorganic, organic, biological and quantitative
analysis.

1.8 NMR Spectrometry-magnets, shim coils, sample spinning, sample probes (1H,
13C, 32P). Principle of MRI.

Unit 2: Sampling (18 Hrs)

2.1 The basis and procedure of sampling, sampling statistics, sampling and the physical
state, crushing and grinding, the gross sampling, size of the gross sample, sampling
liquids, gas and solids (metals and alloys), preparation of a laboratory sample,
moisture in samples-essential and non essential water, absorbed and occluded water,
determination of water (direct and indirect methods).

2.2 Decomposition and dissolution, source of error, reagents for decomposition and
dissolution like HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4, HF, microwave decompositions,

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 75

 combustion methods, use of fluxes like Na2CO3, Na2O2, KNO3, NaOH, K2S2O7,B2O3
and lithium metaborate. Elimination of interference from samples-separation by
precipitation, electrolytic precipitation, extraction and ion exchange. Distribution ratio
and completeness of multiple extractions. Types of extraction procedures.

Unit 3: Applied Analysis (9 Hrs)

3.1 Analytical procedures involved in environmental monitoring. Water quality-BOD,

COD, DO, nitrite, nitrate, iron, fluoride.

3.2 Soil-moisture, salinity, colloids, cation and anion exchange capacity.

3.3 Air pollution monitoring sampling, collection of air pollutants-SO2, NO2, NH3, O3 and
SPM.

3.4 Analysis of metals, alloys and minerals. Analysis of brass and steel. Analysis of
limestone. Corrosion analysis.

Unit 4: Capillary Electrophoresis and Capillary Electro Chromatography (9 Hrs)

4.1 Capillary electrophoresis-migration rates and plate heights, instrumentation, sample

introduction, detection(indirect)-fluorescence, absorbance, electrochemical,
mass spectrometric, applications. Capillary gel electrophoresis. Capillary
isotachophoresis. Isoelectric focusing.

4.2 Capillary electro chromatography-packed columns. Micellar electro kinetic

chromatography.

Unit 5: Process instrumentation (9 Hrs)

5.1 Automatic and automated systems, flow injection systems, special requirements of
process instruments, sampling problems, typical examples of C, H and N analysers.

Unit 6: Aquatic Resources (9 Hrs)

6.1 Aquatic resources: renewable and non-renewable resources, estimation, primary

productivity and factors affecting it, regional variations.

6.2 Desalination: principles and applications of desalination-distillation, solar

evaporation, freezing, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, ion exchange and hydrate
formation methods. Relative advantages and limitations. Scale formation and its
prevention in distillation process.

6.3 Non-renewable resources: inorganic chemicals from the sea-extraction and recovery
of chemicals, salt from solar evaporation.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 76

References

1. J. M. Mermet, M. Otto, R. Kellner, Analytical Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2004.

2. D. A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler, S.R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical
Chemistry, 8th Edn., Saunders College Pub., 2007.
3. R. D. Brownn, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1958.
4. H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, J. A. Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Van
Nostrand, 1974.
5. G. D. Christian, J.E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, Allyn & Bacon, 1986.
6. J. H. Kennedy, Analytical Chemistry: Principles, Saunders College Pub., 1990.
7. J. G. Dick, Analytical Chemistry, R.E. Krieger Pub., 1978.
8. E. D. Howe, Fundamentals of Water Desalination, Marcel Dekker, 1974.
9. H. G. Heitmann, Saline Water Processing, VCH

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 77

 SEMESTERS 3 AND 4
CH 05 04 05 POLYMER PREPARATIVE PRACTICAL-2
Credit: 3 Lab Hours: 54+54 =108

PART I: Preparation of Polymers

Any six preparations of the following may be carried out:

1. Preparation of nylon -6,6 (Interfacial polycondensation)

2. Preparation of PMMA (free radical bulk polymerization)
3. Preparation of polyacrylamide (free radical polymerization)
4. Preparation of polyacrylamide (redox polymerization)
5. Preparation of glyptal resin
6. Preparation of linear polystyrene (free radical polymerization)
7. Preparation of crosslinked polystyrene (suspension polymerization)
8. Preparation of phenol formaldehyde resin (resoles and novolacs)
9. Preparation of urea formaldehyde resin
10. Preparation of polyaniline
11. Preparation of aniline formaldehyde resin

PART II: Latex Analysis

1. Determination of total solid content of latex

2. Determination of alkalinity of latex
3. Determination of dry rubber content of latex
4. Determination of volatile fatty acid number of latex
5. Determination of viscosity of latex
6. Determination of KOH number

References

1. E.A. Collins, J. Bares, F.W. Billmeyer, Experiments in Polymer Science, Wiley-

Interscience, 1973.
2. S.H. Pinner, A Practical Course in Polymer Chemistry, Pergamon, 1961.
3. D. Braun, H. Cherdron, W. Kern, Practical Macromolecular Organic Chemistry,3rd
Edn, Harwood Academic Pub., 1984.
4. S.R. Sandler, W. Karo, Polymer Synthesis, Vol.1, Academic Press, 1992.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 78

 5. S.R. Sandler, W. Karo, Polymer Synthesis, Vol.2, Academic Press, 1993.
6. S.R. Sandler, W. Karo, Polymer Synthesis, Vol.3, Academic Press, 1998.
7. D. C. Blackley, Polymer Latices, Vol.1, 2 & 3, 2nd Edn., Springer, 1997.
8. W.C. Wake, Analysis of Rubbers and Rubber like Polymers, 2nd Edn, Wiley-
Interscience, 1969.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 79

CH 05 04 06 POLYMER CHARACTERIZATION PRACTICAL-2

Credit: 3 Lab Hours: 54+54=108

PART I

Osmometry -determination of molecular weight of polymers by osmotic pressure

method, viscometry -same with dilute solution viscometry of polymers, same with
GPC.

PART II

Thermoanalytical methods-determination of phase transition in polymers by TGA and

DTA, determination of Tg, Tm and crystallinity by DSC.

PART III

Potentiometric and conductometric titrations of polyelectrolyte solutions, pH

measurements of polyelectrolyte solutions-chemical methods.

PART IV

IR and NMR analysis of polymers.

PART V

Chromatographic techniques (paper, thin layer, gas and HPLC), for the analysis of
polymers.

PART VI

End group analysis, determination of acid value, swelling studies, determination of

crosslink density from swelling method, total sulphur, zinc sulphide products at each
stage of the products synthesized.

PART VII

Measurement of electrical and optical properties of polymers

PART VIII

Systematic identification of virgin and compounded polymer sample: Rubbers-NR,

SBR, NBR, butyl rubber, neoprene etc. Plastics-PE, PP, PVC, nylon, PS, PMMA etc.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 80

References
1. J. Mitchell, Applied Polymer Analysis and Characterization, Hanser, 1992.
2. H. H. Willard, L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 3rd Edn.,
Van Nostrand, 1963.
3. G. C. Ives, J.A. Mead, M.M. Riley, Handbook of Plastics Test Methods, CRC Press,
1971.
4. R. P. Brown, Handbook of Plastics Test Methods, 3rd Edn., Longman Scientific and
Technical, 1988.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 81

CH 05 04 07 POLYMER PROCESSING AND TESTING PRACTICAL-2

Credit: 3 Lab Hours: 72+72=144

1. Compounding and moulding-Plastics compounding, rubber compounding, latex

compounding.
2. Cure characterization.
3. Polymer processing (extrusion, injection moulding, compression moulding,
calendaring, thermoforming)
4. Composite preparation and characterization
5. Testing of mechanical properties of rubbers, plastics and composite (tensile,
compression, shear,abrasion, tear, impact, hardness, flexural etc.)
a. Stress-strain in tension, compression, flexure and shear
b. Tensile strength
c. Young’s modulii
d. Tear strength
e. Abrasion resistance
f. Flex resistance
g. Heat build up
h. Impact strength
i. Flexural tests
j. Resilience
k. HDT
l. Hardness

References

1. R.P. Brown, Physical Testing of Rubber, 3rd Edn, Springer, 1996.

2. V. Shah, Handbook of Plastic Testing Technology, 2nd Edn, John Wiley & Sons,
1998.
3. R. Brown, Handbook of Polymer Testing, Rapra Technology, 2002.
4. R.P. Brown, Handbook of Plastics Test Methods, 3rd Edn, Longman Scientific and
Technical, 1988.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 82

 MODEL QUESTION PAPERS

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 83

QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M.Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination

First Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 01 01- Organometallics and Nuclear Chemistry
(Common for all branches of Chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)

1. What is synergism?
2. Define the term “isolobal”.
3. Give an example for a β-elimination reaction.
4. What are Ziegler- Natta catalysts?
5. What is Bohr effect?
6. What is cis-platin? What are its important applications?
7. What is radiation polymerisation?
8. How is nuclear reaction cross section related to reaction rate?
9. List the important functions of biological membranes.
10. Give an example for the use of palladium catalysts in the formation of C-N bond.
(8x1=8)
Section B

(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. Discuss the bonding in ferrocene.

12. What are oxidative addition reactions? Discuss the important mechanisms involved in
oxidative additions.
13. What is Wilkinson’s catalyst? What are its uses? Describe alkene hydrogenation using
Wilkinson’s catalyst with the help of Tolman catalytic loops.
14. Explain the structure and functions of carbonic anhydrase, carboxypeptidase A and
superoxide dismutase.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 84

 15. Write a note on the synthesis of transuranic elements.
16. Outline the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
17. What are insertion reactions? Discuss insertion of alkenes and alkynes in the Ar-H
bond.
18. Write a note on carbonyl clusters.
(6 x 2 = 12)

Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5.)

19. What are π-bonding ligands? Explain the preparation, properties, structure and
bonding of simple mono and binuclear metal carbonyls, metal nitrosyls, metal
cyanides and dinitrogen complexes.
20. a) Write a note on carbonylation reactions.
b) Write a note on asymmetric catalysis. Discuss asymmetric hydrogenation,
isomerisation and epoxidation.
21. Discuss oxygen transport mechanism. What are the functions of haemoglobin and
myoglobin in oxygen transport?
22. a) Discuss important analytical applications of radioisotopes.
b) Outline fluxional isomerism of allyl, cyclopentadienyl and allene systems.
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 85

QP Code: Reg. No. …..
Name ……………
M Sc Degree (C.S.S) Examination
First Semester
Faculty of Science-Chemistry
CH 50 01 02 STRUCTURAL AND MOLECULAR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(Common for all branches of Chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A

(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)

1. Explain inductive effect with suitable examples

2. What is meant by 1)chirality 2)diastereoisomers

3. What is meant by topicity? Explain by examples

4. Explain the mechanism of photo Fries rearrangement

5. Give the mathematical form of Hammet equation and explain the terms.

6. What is primary kinetic isotope effect?

7. What type of compounds are named by using the prefixes erythro and threo? Give one
example.

8. What is Hammond postulate?

9. Draw the structure of the following molecules

1. (2R, 3S)-2,3-dichloropentane
2. S-1-bromo-1-chloropropane
10. Draw the conformations of cyclohexane derivatives.

(8x1=8)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 86

 Section B

(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. Predict the product and explain the mechanism

a)

b)

12. What are the applications of Taft equation in ester hydrolysis?

13. Write a note on Fullerenes and Graphene.

14. What are hard and soft acids? Use HSAB principle to distinguish them

15. Differentiate between kinetic and thermodynamic control of organic reactions.

16. Explain Curtin Hammett principle

17. Explain with example how NMR used to distinguish enantiotopic/ diastereotopic ligands.

18. Is it theoretically possible to separate the pair of compounds below by distillation?

Explain briefly.

(6 x 2 = 12)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 87

 Section C

(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5.)

19. a) Illustrate the conformational studies of i) Decalin ii) Adamanatane

b)Explain the mechanism of semipinacolic deamination.

20. How do mesomeric ,hyperconjugative and steric effects influence the strength of organic
bases ?

21. Explain the Nucleophilic substitution reactions in aromatic systems

22. Explain in detail about: a) Carbon based chiral centers. b) N based chiral centers.
c) S based chiral centers.
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 88

QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

First Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 01 03-Quantum Chemistry and Group Theory
(Common for all branches of Chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)

1. Predict the point group of (i) glyoxal (ii) cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]+

2. Explain cyclic groups?
3. What are sub groups? How many sub groups are possible for D3h?
4. List all the elements of benzene
5. Obtain the inverse of Snm, when n is even and m is even/odd
6. What are nodes? How many nodes are there in the plot of radial probability function
for a 4p orbital?
7. Given below are the certain wave functions. State which of them are eigen function
of d2/dx2. If so give the eigen values : a) A+B sin ax; (b) A cos ax (c) Aeax
8. Define recursion relation
9. What are Ladder operators?
10. Explain the term spherical harmonics.

(8 x 1 = 8)

Section B

(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. Show that L2 and Ly commute

12. Show that the normalized wave function for a particle in a 3D box with sides
of length a, b and c is Ψ(x,y,z) = (8/abc)1/2 ( Π / )( Π / )( Π / )

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 89

 and discuss the degeneracies of the first few energy levels.

13. Explain the postulate of spin by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmith, discovery of spin-Stern
Gerlach experiment.
14. Derive an expression for wave equation of particle on a ring
15. Prepare GMT for (i) C2h (ii) C3v
16. Discuss screw axis and glide planes for crystals.
17. Derive the matrix for Cn and hence Sn element.
18. State and explain Great Orthogonality Theorem
(6 x 2 = 12)

Section C

(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5.)

19. Construct the character table for C3v and hence obtain the SALC.
20. Obtain the matrix representations for symmetry elements of NH3
21. Explain the wave equation in spherical polar coordinates: separation of variables-R,
theta and phi equations and their solutions, wave functions and energies of hydrogen-
like atoms
22. What are hermite polynomials? How they are used for solving Schrödinger equation
for a harmonic oscillator.

(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 90

QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

First Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 01 04- Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory and Statistical Thermodynamics
(Common for all branches of chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. Explain the term fugacity. What is the physical significance of fugacity?
2. What are Maxwell relations? Explain.
3. Explain the term chemical potential? Derive the Gibbs-Duhem equation?
4. Define thermodynamic excess functions. Formulate expression for excess Gibbs free
energy.
5. Define mean free path and collision frequency. How do they vary with pressure and
temperature?
6. Explain the terms (a) phase space,(b)microstates, (c) macrostates
7. Derive the relation between thermodynamic probability and entropy.
8. Briefly explain the statistical formulations of third law of thermodynamics.
9. What is partition function ? How is it factorised into contributing parts ?
10. Distinguish between Bosons and Fermions.
(8 x 1 = 8)
Section B

(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. What is meant by thermodynamics of mixing? Derive Gibbs-Duhem- Margules

equation.
12. Derive Gibb’s –Helmholtz equation. What are it’s applications.
13. Derive Maxwell’s law of distribution of velocities.
14. Explain Bose-Einstein condensation.
15. Derive Sackur – Tetrode equation applicable to monoatomic gases.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 91

 16. The free energy change ΔG accompanying a given process is -85.77 kJ at 25oC and
–83.68 kJ at 35oC. Calculate the change in enthalpy (ΔH) for the process at 30oC.
17. Calculate the translational entropy of gaseous iodine at 298K and 1 atm.

18. Calculate the rotational partiton function for hydrogen molecule at 300K. Moment of
inertia of hydrogen molecule is 4.59x10-47Kgm2 symmetry number σ=2.

(6 x 2 = 12)

Section C

(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5)

19. What is Nernst heat theorem? Explain the determination of absolute entropies using
third law?
20. Discuss about a three component system taking suitable example and give its
graphical representation.
21. (a) Derive an expression for Fermi-Dirac statistics (b) Give comparative account of
the three statistics.
22. Derive Debye theory of heat capacity of solids. How does it differ from Einstein
theory?
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 92

QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Second Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 02 01 - Coordination Chemistry
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30

Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)

1. What is chelate effect?

2. What is nephelauxetic effect?
3. Write the term symbol for a d1 configuration.
4. What are the demerits of Orgel diagrams?
5. Give an example for mixed outer and inner sphere reactions.
6. What do you mean by hard and soft ligands?
7. How do 4f orbitals differ from 5f orbitals?
8. Give two applications of organolanthanoid complexes in catalysis.
9. Give an example for the use of coordination compounds as catalysts in asymmetric
synthesis.
10. Discuss effect of H+ on the rates of substitution of chelate complexes.
(8 x 1 = 8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. Write a note on the thermodynamic aspects of complex formation.

12. Discuss Jahn Teller effect.
13. Explain trans-effect theory for the substitution reactions in square planar complexes.
14. Sketch the Tanabe-Sugano diagram for [V(H2O)6]3+.
15. a) Discuss geometrical isomerism in octahedral complexes.
b) Write a note on electronic and steric factors affecting linkage isomerism.
16. Compare the coordination chemistry of lanthanoids and actinoids with special
reference to electronic spectra and magnetic properties.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 93

 17. Discuss inner sphere and outer sphere mechanisms of electron transfer reactions.
18. Give an account of qualitative treatment for the correlation diagram of d9 system.
(6 x 2 = 12

Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5)

19. Give an account of crystal field theory. Discuss splitting of d orbitals in octahedral,
tetrahedral, square planar, square pyramidal and triagonal bipyramidal fields. List the
drawbacks of crystal field theory.
20. Give an account of magnetic properties of complexes.
21. Write a note on optical isomerism in octahedral complexes. Describe resolution of
optically active complexes and determination of absolute configuration of complexes
by ORD and circular dichroism.
22. Give an account of kinetics and mechanism of substitution in octahedral complexes
with special reference to dissociative and associative mechanisms, base hydrolysis
and solvolytic reactions.
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 94

QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Second Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 0202- Organic Reaction Mechanism
(Common for all branches of Chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30

Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. Give one example each for the insertion reaction and addition reaction of carbenes.
2. Distinguish between classical and non-classical carbocations
3. Briefly explain the Woodward Hoffmann rule
4. Write a note on oxymercuration
5. How can you obtain cycloheptanone from cyclohexanone
6. Discuss the regioselectivity of addition reactions with suitable examples.
7. What is Clemmenson reduction. Give mechanism
8. Write down the product and mechanism of the following reaction
9. Discuss Baldwin’s rules.
10. What are Grignard reagents? Write down their applications?
(8 x 1 = 8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)
11. Discuss anti Markovnikov’s addition mechanism
12. Identify the reaction and discuss the mechanism of the following reaction
13. Write a note on Mannich reaction
14. Use appropriate reagents and discuss the mechanism of the reaction
15. Give the mechanism and stereochemistry of Diels- Alder reaction
16. Write briefly on Lossen rearrangement
17. What are enolates. Compare them with enamines in synthetic applications
18. Discuss the mechanism of Stobbe condensation and its synthetic applications
(6 x 2 = 12)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 95

 Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5)
19. What are carbanions? Discuss their formation, structure and stability. What are their
importance as reaction intermediates?
20. Give the mechanism of the following reactions.
1) Wolf rearrangement 2) Michael addition 3) Cannizaro reaction 4) Darzen
condensation
21. What are the different types of pericyclic reactions? Discuss the importance of
pericyclic reactions in organic synthesis.
22. i) How can you generate nitrenes?
ii) Differentiate between SN1 and SN2 reactions.
iii) Discuss the mechanism of halolactonisation.

(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 96

 QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Second Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 02 03-Chemical Bonding and Computational Chemistry
(Common for all branches of Chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. What are slater determinants?
2. State and Explain Variation theorem
3. State and explain Non crossing rule in quantum mechanics
4. Explain Hellmann-Feynmann theorem.
5. Find out the characters for all the symmetry operations of NH3 molecule using Cartesian
coordinates.
6. What are the group theoretical selection rules for an electronic transition to be allowed?
7. Explain AMBER.
8. What is CHARMM? Explain its use in molecular mechanics.
9. What is Koopman’s Theorem?
10. Write a short note on Independent Electron Approximation
(8x1=8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)
11. Illustrate variation theorem using the trial wave function x(a-x) for particle in a one
dimensional box
12. Explain Huckelmolecular orbital theory of Butadiene and Benzene
13. Explain how group theory helps to predict optical activity
14. Using Direct Product Tables, predict the electronic transitions of C2v and C3 v molecules.
15. What are the important assumptions used in HFSCF method ?
16. Explain how to build a Z-matrix?
17. Compare MOT and VBT

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 97

18. Explain the Kohn-Sham approach used in DFT?
(6 x 2 = 12)
Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5)

19. How GAMESS is input file prepared? Illustrate with reference to water molecule?

20. Using group theory, derive the allowed electronic transitions in formaldehyde.

21. Explain Perturbation Method? Illustrate with Helium as Example

22. Explain molecular orbital theory and derive an expression for energy and wave
function of Hydrogen molecule.

(2 x 5 =10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 98

QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Second Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 02 04–Molecular Spectroscopy
(Common for all branches of Chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three Hours Maximum Weight: 30
Section A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. What is FID and FT in NMR spectroscopy?
2. What is Born Oppenheimer approximation? Explain the cases where the Born
Oppenheimer approximation breaks down.
3. What is fermi resonance? Give one example.
4. Explain mutual exclusion principle.
5. Which of the following molecules exhibit pure rotational spectra? HF, NH3 ,H2O , CO,
CH4 , BF3 , CO2 , F2 .
6. Differentiate between first order and second order NMR spectra
7. What are fine structure and hyperfine structure in ESR spectrum?
8. What is Resonance Raman Spectrum?
9. What is finger print region in IR?
10. Discuss Frank condon principle.
(8 × 1 =8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2

11. Explain the basic principle of NQR spectroscopy.

12. Give the applications of ESR and Mossbauer methods in spectroscopy
13. Explain the terms chemical shift, coupling constant and factors influencing coupling
constant in NMR spectroscopy
14. The first line in the rotational spectrum of NO appears at 1.72 cm-1 and its force
constant is 1608 Nm-1. Calculate the internuclear distance in A0, vibrational
frequency in cm-1 and energy in joules required for J = 3 to 4 rotational transition.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 99

 15. The first three vibrational energy of HCl were found to be at 2886, 5668 and 10923
cm-1. Calculate the anharmonicity constant, zero point energy and the equilibrium
oscillation frequency. Calculate the centrifugal distoration constant if the rotational
constant is 21.18 cm-1 .
16. Discuss photoelectron spectroscopy.
17. Explain the various relaxation methods in NMR..
18. What is meant by normal mode of vibration? How many normal modes of vibration
do the following molecules have? NH3 , HCN , SO2
(6 × 2 = 12)
Section C

Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5

19. Explain the following in NMR spectroscopy
a) Larmor Precision
b) Chemical shift and its representation
c) Magic angle spinning
20. Explain the classical theory of Raman spectroscopy.
21. Discuss the theory and applications of NQR Spectroscopy.
22. Write note on:
a) Resonance fluorescence
b) Predissociation
c) Mechanism of Laser action
d) Polarized and depolarized Raman lines
(5 × 2 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 100
QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Third Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 03 01 - Structural Inorganic Chemistry
(Common for Chemistry/Analytical Chemistry/Polymer Chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. Give an account of wurzite structure.
2. What are Cooper pairs?
3. What are the important applications of poly(ferrocenylsilane)s?
4. How is silica glass prepared?
5. Give an account of the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in MRI.
6. Write a short note on organometallic dendrimers.
7. What are the important medical applications of boron clusters?
8. What are one dimensional conductors?
9. Write a short note on the super conductivity of fullerenes.
10. Give one example each forcatenation and heterocatenation.
(8 x 1 = 8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. Give an account of spinel and inverse spinal structures.

12. Write a note on free electron theory of solids.
13. Outline the magnetic properties of spinels, ilmenites and perovskites.
14. Write a note on heteropoly acids of Mo and W.
15. Discuss the structure and bonding in sulphur-nitrogen compounds.
16. Give an account of the preparation, structure and bonding in cages and clusters of
germanium and tin.
17. Write a note on polymers based on ferrocene. List their applications.
18. Explain different methods for the preparation of thin films.
(6 x 2 = 12)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 101
 Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5)
19. Give an account of phase transitions in solids. Discuss different types of phase
transitions and kinetics of phase transitions.
20. Explain band theory of solids. Discuss applications of band theory to transition metal
compounds and compounds like NaCl, MgO and fullerenes. Outline the mechanism
of intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
21. a) Give an account of the synthesis, structure and applications of silicones and
zeolites.
b) Discuss the preparation, properties and structures of cage like structure of
phosphorous and cages of boron with aluminium and indium.
22. Give an account of the applications of magnetic nanoparticles.
b) What are type I and type II superconductors? Discuss BCS theory of
superconductivity.
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 102
QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Third Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 05 03 02- Chemical Kinetics and Surface Chemistry
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30

Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. Give the significance of ΔS≠
2. What is Skrabal diagram?
3. Mention important applications of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
4. What is zeta potential?
5. What is the principle of microscopic reversibility?
6. What is quantum yield ?
7. Write down the advantages of coulometry?
8. Give an account of the pharmaceutical applications of DTA
9. What are the disadvantages of AES?
10. List the important applications of ESCA.
(8 x 1 = 8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)
11. Write notes on applications of nano materials in catalysis
12. Discuss the kinetics of H2-Br2 Reaction
13. Write a note on the use of SEM and TEM in the study of surfaces
14. Derive Michelis-Menten equation.
15. Discuss the principle, instrumentation and applications of TGA
16. Give an account of the principles and applications of FES
17. Write a note on the photochemistry of vision
18. Write a short essay on application of coulometric titrations
(6 x 2 = 12)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 103
 Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5.)

19. What are the factors determining reaction rates in solutions? Derive Bronsted-Bjerrum
equation. Discuss primary and secondary kinetic salt effect
20. Outline Langmuir and BET theories of adsorption. Describe Use of Langmuir and
BET isotherms for surface area determination
21. (a) What are coupled reactions? Discuss the role of ATP in bioenergetics b) Give an
account of thermodynamic aspects of metabolism and respiration and glycolysis
22. Describe the optical, electrical and magnetic properties of nano materials
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 104
QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Third Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 05 03 03- Concepts of Polymer Chemistry
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. Name each of the polymers by the IUPAC system

NH CH O
a) b)
N n

2. Give one reaction of poly(vinyl acetate)

3. What do you mean by accelerated sulphur vulcanization?
4. Briefly explain living polymerisation
5. Give an account of molecular forces in polymers
6. What is hydrophobic interaction?
7. What are optically active monomers? Give one example
8. Write the mechanism of copolymerisation
9. What do you mean by tacticity in polymers
10. Discuss the conformations of poly ethylene
(8 x 1 = 8)

Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. Explain esterification and etherification reactions of cellulose

12. Describe radical graft polymerisation using suitable example
13. Write the mechanism of vinyl polymerization
14. Give a short note ring opening polymerization
15. Explain anionic and cationic graft polymerization

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 105
 16. Discuss stereoisomerism in disubstituted ethylenes
17. Describe stereoregularity in isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic polypropenes
18. Write notes on radiation crosslinking
(6 x 2 = 12)

Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5.)

19. Write an essay on polymer supports in solid phase peptide and protein synthesis.
20. Explain the following:
(a) Polymerisation in supercritical fluids (b) polymerisation in ionic liquids (c) click
chemistry for polymerisation (d) Ziegler Natta polymerization
21. Give detailed description of the following living radical polymerization:
(a) Atom transfer radical polymerization (b) stable free-radical polymerisation (c)
radical addition-fragmentation transfer
22. Describe the following polymerisation techniques:
(a) Bulk polymerization (b) solution polymerization (c) suspension polymerization
(d) emulsion polymerization
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 106
QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Third Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 50 03 04 – Spectroscopic Methods in Chemistry
(Common for all branches of Chemistry)
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)

1. Calculate the λmax for the compound

2. Which of the following isomers of pentadiene will show the largest wavelength of UV
absorption? Give reason.
i) CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH3 ii) CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2
3. 2-Hydroxy-3-nitroacetophenone shows two carbonyl stretching frequencies at 1692 and
1658 cm-1. Explain.
4. C-H stretching frequency increases from alkane → alkene → alkyne. Explain.
5. Show the formation of the peak at m/z = 94 in the mass spectrum of
O

6. Predict the number of signals and sketch the NMR spectrum of CH3-O-CH2-CH2-Cl.
7. What are shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy? Explain.
8. How NMR spectroscopy is useful in distinguishing cis-stilbene and trans-stilbene?
9. Explain off resonance decoupling.
10. Explain the spin notation A2X3 in NMR spectroscopy with example.
(8 × 1 =8)
Section B

(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. Explain the exchange phenomenon in 1H NMR.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 107
12. Discuss the effect of concentration on vibrational stretching frequency of methyl
salicylate and ethanol.
13. A compound with molecular formula C4H8O3 gave the following spectral data. Deduce
the structure.
IR: 1120, 1705 cm-1
1
H NMR: δ 12.1(1H, s), 4.15(2H, s), 3.6(2H, q, J = 7 Hz) and 1.3(3H, t, J = 7 Hz) ppm
14. Write a note on HRMS and MS-MS.
15. Explain McLafferty rearrangement.
16. Discuss the technique - spectral editing based on DEPT.
17. Briefly explain cross polarization and selective population inversion in NMR
spectroscopy.
18. A compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C5H10 on ozonolysis gives ‘B’, C4H8O, as one
of the products. The IR spectrum of B showed a band at 1720 cm-1 and the NMR
spectrum showed three signals at δ values 0.9 (3H, t), 3.4 (2H, q) and 2.2 (3H, s). What
are A and B? Explain.
(6 × 2 = 12)
Section C

(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5)

19. Describe the following

a) FAB b) MALDI c) Field desorption d) TOF e) Cyclotron
20. Predict the structure of the compound (MF C11H20O4) which gave the following
spectral data.
UV – No λmax above 200 nm IR: 1740 cm-1.
1
HNMR: δ 4.2 (4H, q), 3.3 (1H, t), 1.9 (2H, q), 1.33 (4H, m), 1.27 (6H, t) and 0.9 (3H,
t) ppm.
13
C NMR: δ 14.10, 13.81, 22.4, 28.5, 29.5, 52.0, 61.1 and 169.3 ppm.
Mass: m/z 216 (M+.), 171, 160 (100%), 133 and 115.
21. (a). Explain the magnetic anisotropy in carbonyl compounds and acetylene.
(b). Define spin – spin coupling. Explain spin-spin coupling in the spin systems AX2,
AMX and ABC with examples.
22. Discuss Octant rule. Draw the octants for the following compounds and predict the
sign of their optical activity.

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 108
 O

O HO

O
O
(5 × 2 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 109
QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Fourth Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 88 04 01 Properties and Characterisation Methods of Polymers

(2019 admissions onwards)

Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. Explain Hoffman’s nucleation theory
2. What is Hildebrand solubility parameter? Give one of its applications
3. Define vicat softening temperature
4. Briefly explain the optical properties of polymers
5. How do you determine molecular weight by light scattering technique ?
6. What is cold drawing ?
7. How optical microscopy is used for morphological analysis ?
8. Define Deborah Number. What is its significance?
9. Describe fractionation of polymers by turbidimetric titration
10. Write the principle of gel permeation chromatography (GPC)
(8 x 1 = 8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)

11. Discuss different methods for morphological analysis of crystalline polymers

12. Give a detailed description of polymer waste management
13. What are biodegradable polymers? Illustrate one test method to determine polymer
biodegradability.
14. Demonstrate structure of spherulites and explain the relation of sherulites to
crystallites
15. Write the mechanism of conduction in polymers and applications of conducting
polymers
16. Describe Maxwell model for creep experiment

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 110
 17. Write the principle of hardness test. Explain any two methods
18. How is fatigue test carried out?
(6 x 2 = 12)

Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5.)

19. Give an account of conformations of polymer chain in solution

20. Discuss in detail the thermal and electrical properties of polymers
21. Explain the following characterisation methods: (a) differential scanning calorimetry
(b) differential thermal analysis (c) thermo-mechanical analysis (d) thermo-
gravimetric analysis
22. Explain Flory-Huggins theory and Flory-Krigbaum theory. Comment on advantages
and limitations.
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 111
QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Fourth Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 88 04 02-Advances in Polymer Science and Technology
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. What are biomedical polymers? Analyse their importance with an illustrative example
2. Demonstrate electroluminescent polymers. Mention its relevance in the present day
3. Write the applications of conducting polymers using suitable example
4. Explain dunlop process
5. What is calendaring of polymers? Give two applications
6. How curving process is carried out?
7. What is VFA number ? How do you determine this value ?
8. What are XSBR and NBR lattices ? Explain their properties
9. Define h- index. What is its significance?
10. What is the process of vulcanization of rubber?
(8 x 1 = 8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)
11. What are liquid crystalline polymers? Write the method of synthesis and applications.
12. Define composite. Explain properties and applications of nanoclay based composites
13. Write short essay on hazards and safety measures in paint industry
14. What do you mean by polymer blend? Outline their industrial applications
15. Differentiate between distributive mixing and laminar mixing
16. Demonstrate the various factors influencing the performance of polymer composites
17. Describe literature databases viz., ScienceDirect, SciFinder, and Chemical Abstract
18. What are the various types of research possible in science?
(6 x 2 = 12)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 112
 Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5)

19. Illustrate different types of adhesives and their applications

20. Differentiate between natural and man-made polymers. Write the synthetic approach
towards (a) rayon (b) polyethylene terephthalate (c) nylon 6 and (d) nylon 66
21. Discuss various moulding processes of polymers
22. What is a polymer compound ? Write different types and characteristics of compound
polymers
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 113
QP Code Reg. No. …..

Name ………

M. Sc. Degree (C.S.S) Examination, 2019

Fourth Semester
Faculty of Science-Polymer Chemistry
CH 88 04 03- Advanced Organic Chemistry
(2019 admissions onwards)
Time: Three hours Max. Weight: 30
Section- A
(Answer any eight questions. Each question carries a weight of 1)
1. What are cyclophanes ? Give an example
2. Define ionic liquid? Mention its advantages
3. What are selectrides ? Give their applications
4. How Nazarov cyclization is applied for the synthesis of five membered ring?
5. Comment on common protecting groups used in peptide synthesis
6. Write the mechanism of Swern oxidation
7. What is a dendrimer? Give the structure of a dendrimer as example
8. Point out the mechanistic difference between Prevost and Woodward reactions
9. Illustrate the enzymatic reduction using Baker’s yeast. What is its advantage?
10. Suggest a method of preparation of lactone.
(8 x 1 = 8)
Section B
(Answer any six questions. Each question carries a weight of 2)
11. Give an account of the applications of supramolecular complexes in perfumery and
medicine
12. Discuss the following: (a) coenzyme catalysed reactions (b) clay catalysed synthesis
13. Illustrate and compare the chromium based oxidation reactions: (a) John’s oxidation,
(b) Collin’s oxidation (c) Sarrett oxidation
14. What is meant by multicomponent reactions? Explain the classic reactions (a) Ugi
reaction (b) Passerini reaction (c) Biginelli reaction
15. Write the mechanism of Pauson-Khand reaction. Give two applications
16. What is DIBAL-H used for ? Discuss its mechanistic aspects

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 114
 17. Describe the usefulness of the following reactions in organic synthesis: (a) Mitsunobu
reaction (b) ozonolysis
18. Differentiate between Negishi and Sonogashira coupling reactions. Give one
application for each reaction.
(6 x 2 = 12)

Section C
(Answer any two questions. Each question carries a weight of 5.)
19. Write the basic principles of retrosynthesis. Describe the retrosynthetic approach
towards the preparation of D-luciferin
20. Explain the following metal based reductions: (a) Birch reduction (b) pinacol
formation, (c) acyloin formation
21. Discuss in detail the various methods of inter conversion of ring systems (contraction
and expansion procedure)
22. Write the general principles of microwave and ultrasound assisted organic synthesis
(2 x 5 = 10)

PROGRAM STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS PGCSS2019-05 M.Sc POLYMER CHEMISTRY Page 115