Scribd
Upload
110 views9 pages

Machine Lab III

The document describes tests performed on a three-phase transformer. It details the equipment used, theoretical background, procedures followed, and results obtained from open circuit, short circuit, and load tests. Key findings include the transformer's winding resistances, transformation ratios under different connections, and calculated impedance, resistance, reactance and power factor.

Uploaded by

Mengistu Tarko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
110 views9 pages

Machine Lab III

The document describes tests performed on a three-phase transformer. It details the equipment used, theoretical background, procedures followed, and results obtained from open circuit, short circuit, and load tests. Key findings include the transformer's winding resistances, transformation ratios under different connections, and calculated impedance, resistance, reactance and power factor.

Uploaded by

Mengistu Tarko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Laboratory Report

Title: Tests on a three – phase transformer


Course No: ECEG 3201
Experiment No: 3

Done By: Dagim Feyessa


ID: TCR / 1892 / 02
Group: II
Date of experiment: November 17, 24, 2011
Date of submission: December 8 2011
INTRODUCTION
Instead of three - single-phase transformers, a three-phase bank may consist of one
three-phase transformer having all six windings on a common multi-legged core and
contained in a single tank. Advantages of three-phase transformers over connections of
three single-phase transformers are that they cost less, weigh less, require less floor
space, and have somewhat higher efficiency.

Therefore, the main purpose of the lab session was to introduce three phase transformers
and their uses over single phase transformers.

EQUIPMENT USED

No Description Code/Lab Reference Quantity


1 Three Phase Transformer - 1

2 DC Source - 1

3 Ammeter - 2

4 Voltmeter - 2

5 Wattmeter - 1

6 Variable Resistor (Load) - 2

7 Switch - 2
Theory

Three single phase transformers can be connected together to work as a three


phase transformer. There are different ways which the primary and the
secondary windings of a group of three single phase transformers or of a single
three phase transformer may be connected together to transfer energy from one
three phase circuit to another.

 Star – Star Connection

The fig below shows three single – phase transformer connected to work as a
start – start three – phase transformer. Note that X, Y and Z are connected
together and let us call the common point o. Similarly x, y and z are connected
together and let us cal it o’.

Fig -1 star – star connection

If the primary and secondary line voltages are V1 and V2, the primary and
secondary voltages of the individual transformers must be V 1/ 30.5 and V2 / 30.5
respectively.

 Delta – Delta Connection

Fig. below shows three single phase transformers of the windings of a single
three phase transformer connected in delta (Δ) on both primary and secondary
sides. Note that in this type of connection the phase and line voltages are equal.
The main advantage of this connection lies in the fact that the system can still
operate on 58% of it’s rated capacity even in case of failure of one of the
transformers.

Fig - 2 Delta – delta connection

 Star – Delta Connection

Fig. below shows transformer windings where the primary side is connected in
star and the secondary is connected in delta.

Fig -3 Star – delta connection


For this type of connection, on the primary side the primary side the line voltage
is equal to 30.5 times the phase voltage. But on secondary side the phase and the
line voltage are equal. This connection is commonly used at the receiving end of
high-voltage transmission lines.

 Delta – Star Connection


In this case the primary side is connected in delta and the secondary side is
connected in start.

Fig - 4 Delta – star connection

Here the phase and line voltages are equal on the primary side. On the secondary
side the line voltage = 30.5 phase voltage.

This connection gives a higher secondary voltage for transmission purposes than
the connections with Δ secondaries without increasing the strain on the
insulation of the transformer. It is the connection commonly used at the
generating end of transmission lines. The neutral of the Y – connected secondary
is generally grounded.

Procedure

Step 1: Identify the name-plate on the transformer.


Step 2:Measure the winding resistance of the transformer by the ammeter
voltmeter method.
Step 3:Connect the transformer in Y-Y. Apply rated voltage to the
primary. Measure the Secondary voltage. Determine the transformation
ratio. Repeat the procedure for Δ- Δ, Y- Δ and Δ-Y connections.

Step 4: No load test

Assemble the circuit below. Vary the input V1 from 0.5 rated to 1.2v rated
and at each step measure the open circuit power poc, the phase voltages
and the currents IA and IC.

Fig – 5 connection for open circuit test

Step 5: Short circuit test

Connect the above circuit with the secondary sire short circuited. Increase
gradually the short circuit primary voltage so that the current on the
secondary side is about 0.5I rated, 0.75I rated and I rated. At each step
record the short circuit voltage, current and power.

Step 6: Load test

Apply rated voltage to the primary and increase gradually the load current
on the secondary side by varying the resistance of the load resistor. At each
step measure the current and the secondary voltage.
Result

For Step 1:
Name plate of the transformer:

Siemens
P = 2.5kVA/2.17kVA
f = 50-60Hz

For Step 2:
Resistance of winding using ammeter/ voltmeter method becomes:

U - X  1 ohm Ua – Xa  0.8 ohm Ub – Xb  0.8 ohm


V - Y  1 ohm Va – Ya  1.3 ohm Vb – Yb  1.1 ohm
W – Z  1.4 ohm Wa – Za  0.8 ohm Wb – Zb  0.8 ohm
For Step 3:
Ratio Test

Y – Y connection Y – Δ Connection Δ- Δ Connection Δ – Y Conn.


Prim. Con. Vi Sec. Vo Prim. Sec. Vo Prim. Vi Sec. Vo Vi Vo
Con. Con. Con. Con. Con.
U-V 100 Ua-va 50 U-V 180 Ua-va 50 U-V 100 Ua-va 50 55 50
U-W 100 Ua-wa 50 U-W 180 Ua-wa 50 U-W 100 Ua-wa 50 55 50
V-W 100 Va-wa 50 V-W 180 Va-wa 50 V-W 100 Va-wa 50 55 50

*
Note that all the values above are in Volts (V).
Transformation Ratio Y – Y connection, Y – Δ connection, Δ – Δ connection, Δ – Y
connection becomes 0.5, 0.277, 0.5 and 0.909 respectively.

For Step 4:
Open – circuit results:
Vi A1(mA) A2(A) P(W) Voc(V)
190 110 0.1 40 95
220 120 0.1 40 110
250 129 0.12 40 125
280 140 0.14 60 140
310 158 0.16 60 155
340 173 0.17 76 170
370 198 0.2 80 185
380 209 0.21 84 190

For Step 5:
Short – circuit Test:

Ish1 (A) A1 (A) A2 (A) P (W) Vsh (V) Ish2 (A)


3.4 1.75 1.9 30 9 3.7
2.6 1.35 1.5 20 6.3 2.8
2 1.00 1.2 10 4.4 1.9

Based upon the above graph, equivalent impedance, resistance, reactance and
short – circuit power factor of the transformer can be calculated. Hence,
Impedance, resistance, reactance and pf of the transformer become 2.43ohm,
0.25ohm, 2.41ohm and 0.377 respectively. The above result may deviate form the
one’s that were obtained during the measurement of winding resistance but they
show considerably closeness and indicate the average.

For Step 6:
Load Test:

Vp VL A1(A) A2(A) IL P(W)


480 194 0.2 0.2 0 80
480 192 0.3 0.4 0.4 200
480 191 0.7 0.8 1.2 440
480 190 0.8 1 1.45 560
480 189 1.1 1.1 1.75 640

Conclusion

This lab has tried to come up with different result that may be crucial in
determining the behavior of a three – phase transformer.
1. The winding resistance of the transformer is calculated by
ammeter/voltmeter method.
2. The three tests: no load, short – circuit and Load test. These test verify the
transformer ratio, resistance efficiency and other important results.

 Even though the results are within good precision range, some may deviate
from the theory and may lead to false conclusions. But this all consideration are
taken into account. A better result may be obtained by using more accurate
equipments and a healthy transformer.

You might also like