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HGE 2 - Part 1

The document discusses buoyancy and stability principles including Archimedes' principle, metacentric height, center of buoyancy, and calculations related to determining volumes, weights, drafts, and stability of floating objects. Sample problems demonstrate applying these principles to problems involving ships, blocks, spheres, and other objects floating or submerged in fluids.

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Andrea Ronquilio
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221 views

HGE 2 - Part 1

The document discusses buoyancy and stability principles including Archimedes' principle, metacentric height, center of buoyancy, and calculations related to determining volumes, weights, drafts, and stability of floating objects. Sample problems demonstrate applying these principles to problems involving ships, blocks, spheres, and other objects floating or submerged in fluids.

Uploaded by

Andrea Ronquilio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HGE 3 (CE REVIEW)

BUOYANCY & STABILITY

BUOYANCY
STABILITY
Archimedes’ Principle
-principle discovered by Archimedes.
-also known as “the law of hydrostatics
“A body immersed in fluid is acted by a buoyant force
(upward force) which is equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced”
𝐵𝐹 = 𝛿𝑓 𝑉𝑑
BF = buoyant force (kN)
𝛿𝑓 =Unit weight of fluid displaced (kN/cu.m)
𝑉𝑑 =Volume of fluid displaced, body immersed, or
displacing B=width of the body (m).
D = draft or depth of floatation (m)
Sample Problem: V=total volume submerged (m^3)
G=Center of gravity of the body in the upright position
1. An iceberg (s=0.917) floats in ocean water with Bo=Center of buoyancy of the body in upright position
3000 cubic meter of iceberg protruding above Bo’= center of buoyancy of the body in the tilted
the free surface. What is the volume of the position
iceberg. Righting Moment Overturning Moment
2. A piece of wood floats in water with 15 cm
projecting above the water surface. When placed
in oil, the block projects 10 above the liquid
surface.
a. Calculate the height of the wood
b. Calculate the specific gravity of the wood.
c. If the wood is immersed vertically with
saltwater, by how many millimeters would it
project out the surface.
3. A stone weigh 0.486N in air and 0.298N in
water. M= metacenter; point of intersection between the
a. Determine the volume of the stone buoyant force and the tilted axis of the body which
b. Determine the specific gravity of stone determines its stability.
4. Determine the magnitude and direction of the MG= Metacentric height (m); distance between the
force necessary to hold the concrete cube, metacenter and the center of gravity of the body which
300mm on each side, equilibrium and measures its stability.
completely submerge in For rectangular sections:
a. Mercury
b. Water 𝐵2
5. A 1m diameter cylindrical mass, M, is connected 𝑀𝐵𝑜 = (1 + 0.5 tan2 𝜃)
12𝐷
to a 2-m wide rectangular gate as shown. The
For other sections:
gate is to open when the water level, h, drops
below 2.5 m. Determine the required value for a. Exact
M. Neglect friction at the gate hinge and the
𝑣𝑠
pulley. (Ans. 2480 kg) 𝑀𝐵𝑜 =
𝑉𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
b. Approximate
𝐼
𝑀𝐵𝑜 =
𝑉

6. A steel drum 1m in diameter and 2m high


weighs 3825N. 𝛿𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 110 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
a. How many N of lead must be fastened to
outside bottom of the cylinder if 0.5m
projecting above the water surface.
𝜃 =angle of tilting
b. How many N of lead must be placed inside
V = volume of the wedge of immersion/emersion (cu.m)
if 0.5m projecting above the water surface.
S=horizontal distance netween centroid of v’s (m)
I=moment of inertia of an area which is the top view of
the body at the level of the liquid surface with respect to
the axis of tilting (m^4)
Sample Problem
1. The center of gravity of a ship in the upright 3. A plastic sphere is submerged in the sea and
position is 11.5 m above the ceter of gravity of moored at the bottom. The radius is 38cm. The
the portion below water, the displacement being mooring line has a tension of 710N. What is the
16 MN. The ship tilts 30 degrees causing the specific weight of the sphere in kN/cu.m.
center of buoyancy to shift sidewise 9.2m.
A. Is the moment righting or overturning? 4. A block of wood with length “h” and cross-
B. What is the magnitude of this moment sectional area “A” is submerged in water with
2. A rectangular scow 9m wide, 15m long and 3.6 50mm exposed above the water surface. When
m high weighs 3304 kN. submerged in a liquid (s=1.35), it will float with
A. What is the draft in seawater weighing 10.20 75mm exposed above the liquid surface.
kN/ cu.m?
B. What is the metacentric height if its center A. What is the specific gravity of the wood?
of gravity is 2.7m above the bottom? B. Obtain the length of the wood in mm.
C. If the wood submerged vertically in a liquid
Practice Problem
(s=1.03), determine the height of the wood
1. An iceberg (s=0.92) is floating on salt water. If projecting above the water surface.
the volume of ice above the water surface is 5. A ship carrying 24,000 metric tons and a draft of
1000 cu.m, what is the: 10.4m in the ocean (s= 1.03) enters a harbor of
a. Total Volume freshwater if the horizontal section of the ship at
b. Submerged Volume water line is 3000 sq. m, what depth of
2. A can floats in the position shown in the figure freshwater is required to float the ship?
What is its specific weight in N? 6. It is desired to float in freshwater a wooden
cone, 18cm in diameter and 25cm high, with
apex downward. If the specific gravity of the
cone is 0.60
a. Compute the submerged length
b. Compute the distance of the metacenter
from the center of buoyancy.
c. Locate the metacenter from the center of
gravity.

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