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Module 1 3 Ports and Harbors 1

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164 views57 pages

Module 1 3 Ports and Harbors 1

Uploaded by

Andrea Ronquilio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 1

INTRODUCTION TO PORTS &


HARBORS ENGINEERING
ENGR. RALPH ANGELO ESTILLER, RCE., MCRSDM., SO-2
Faculty, CE Department
PORTS
Or seaports are maritime facilities that
can comprise one or more wharves
where ships can dock to load and
discharge cargo and passengers.

Ports are classified according to the types


of traffic which they handle. An industrial
port specializes in bulk cargo—grain,
sugar, ore, oil, chemicals, and similar
materials. A commercial port is one which
handles general cargo—packaged
products and manufactured goods, for
instance—as well as passenger traffic.
Comprehensive ports handle bulk and
general cargo in large volume.
Ports in the Philippines
As the Philippines is surrounded by water,
it has a well-developed and vibrant
system of ports that regulate trade and
transit through the country.

Maritime transport is the backbone of


international trade and a key engine
driving globalization and
competitiveness. Around 80% of global
trade by volume and over 70% by value is
carried by sea.
In 2006, the predominant mode of
transport is by road carrying about
1.71 billion passengers (93.14 %) and
25.9 million tons of freight (58 %), with
water transport at 1.22 % and 42 %,
respectively. In 2012, domestic
shipping posted 74 million tons of
cargoes and 50 million passengers.
Seafarer’s remittances US$4.8 billion
also contributed to the Philippine
economy.

Manila Port in 1899.


The Maritime Industry Authority
(MARINA), an attached agency of the
Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC), performs
promotion and developmental as well
as supervisory and regulatory functions
over four (4) major sectors of the
Philippine maritime industry. MARINA
functions cover domestic shipping;
overseas shipping; ship building and
ship repair; and maritime manpower
sectors.
A Snapshot of the Philippine
Maritime Transport
The Philippine domestic merchant fleet in
2012 comprises 8,112 vessels; 60% (or 4,837)
for passenger service, most of which are
motorbancas, 28% (or 2, 291) cargo ships
and 795 (10%) tankers and tugboats. There
are about 6,000 plus registered fishing
vessels.
Major Ports of the
Philippines
• Port of Manila (Pantalan ng Maynila)
• Port of Cebu (Pantalan sa Sugbo)
• International Port of Batangas
• Port of Subic
• Port of Cagayan de Oro (Dakbayan sa
Cagayan de Oro)
• Port of Davao (Sasa Wharf – Daungan ng
Dabaw)
• Port of Iloilo (Pantalan ng Iloilo)
• Port of General Santos (Makar Wharf)
• Port of Zamboanga
• Port of Lucena
Harbours
A harbour (US spelling "harbor") is
a place of security and comfort,
a small bay or other sheltered
part of an area of water, usually
well protected against high
waves and strong currents, and
deep enough to provide
anchorage for ships and other
craft. It is also a place where
port facilities are provided, e.g.
accommodation for ships and
cargo handling facilities.
Any place where a ship can
safely lie alongside a quay,
pier or dock, at anchor or a
buoy, and where she can
carry out loading/discharge
operations or embark and
disembark passengers is
called a berth
A dry dock is a type of
dock consisting of a
rectangular basin dug into
the shore of a body of water
and provided with a
removable enclosure wall or
gate on the side toward the
water, used for major repairs
and overhaul of vessels.
Wharf/ Quay is the oldest term
in English referring to port
structures. It denotes any
structure of timber, masonry,
cement, or other material built
along or at an angle to the
navigable waterway, with
sufficient depth of water to
accommodate vessels and
receive and discharge cargo
or passengers.
A pier is a construction work
extending into the harbour with
sufficient depth of water
alongside to accommodate
vessels, also used as a
promenade or landing place for
passengers. A jetty is a small
pier, usually made of timbers for
boats, yachts or fishing boats
(fisherman jetty), but it also refers
to large ships (tanker jetty, T-
jetty).
Ports and Harbor design
Outline
• Introduction .
• Difference between ports and harbor.
• Types of ports.
• Design of ports.
• Conclusion.
• Reference.
ports VS harbors
All ports are harbors but not all harbors are ports.
ports VS harbors

is used mainly is used as a


for marine parking space
trading or a storage
space for
ships
ports VS harbors

Location

Purpose

Creation

Facilities
Types of ports:
Fishing port
Types of ports:
Inland port
Types of ports:
Dry port
Types of ports:
Warm-water port
Design of ports
Port (harbor) elements design principals and considerations:

• Port entrance.
• Stooping length.
• Maneuvering area.
• Offshore mooring
• Harbor area requirements.
• Width of ports basin between piers.
• Offshore dry bulk terminal
Design of ports
Port entrance:
Design of ports
Stooping length

1-access channel; 2-interior channel (stopping area); 3-


maneuvering/turning area; 4-anchorage area; 5-berthing area;
6-special-purpose area; 7-breakwater.
Design of ports
Maneuvering area.
Design of ports
Offshore mooring
Design of ports
Harbor area requirements:

the minimum harbor length equals five to six lengths of the largest
ship, with a width of two to three lengths of the largest ship.
Design of ports
Width of ports basin between piers :
Design of ports
Typical offshore dry bulk terminal:
Design of ports
Typical offshore dry bulk terminal:
Design of ports
Typical offshore dry bulk terminal:
Design of ports
Typical offshore dry bulk terminal:
Design of ports
Typical offshore dry bulk terminal:
Design of ports
Typical offshore dry bulk terminal:
Design of ports
Typical offshore dry bulk terminal:
Conclusion:
• Ports are important for the support of economic activities.
• They act as a crucial connection between sea and land transport.
• All ports are harbors but not all harbors are ports.
• The port’s design requires analyzing large number of parameters.
• The design must be compatible with the weather conditions, waves, currents,
construction equipment, construction methods, internal permanent structures.
Thank You for listening
CET 422:
PORTS AND
HARBORS

Civil Engineering Department, COEA,


Cagayan State University-Carig
Campus
Emer T. Quezon, Ph.D, C.Eng, M.ASCE
Email: [email protected]
Telegram: 09451631743
Chapter II_Part b: Harbor
Contents:
1. Harbor Components
2. Classifications of Ports &
Harbors
3. Requirements/Character
istics of Good Harbor
4. Size of Harbor
5. Ship Characteristics
6. Kinds of harbors
according to Usage
7. Location & site Selection
Requirements / Characteristics of a
Good Harbor
1. Should be connected by
roadway & railway for faster
transportation of goods.
2. Channels (natural or
artificial) should have
adequate depth for
movement of vessels.
3. Breakwaters must be
provided to protect against
destructive wave action.
4. For holding ship against
wave action, for providing
secure anchorage bottom
should be supportive.
5. Entrance should be wide
enough to permit easy
passage and narrow
enough to restrict
transmission of waves in
time of storm.
6. Should have sufficient
number of quay, piers,
wharf for loading and
unloading of cargo.
7. Adequate number of
transit sheds for storage
of cargo.
8. Facilities for repairing
& fueling for vessels.
9. Area should be
sufficiently large.
10. In case of fishing
harbor, enough cold
storage should be
provided.
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
A. Based on protection:

1. NATURAL HARBOR:
- Protected from storms
& waves by natural land
contours or islands.

Examples include:
- Port Area Manila
(protected by land)
- Subic Bay Port
(protected by Land)
Subic Bay (13.7m
deep)
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR

A. Based on protection
Cont.:

2. SEMI – NATURAL
HARBORS:
- Protected on sides by
contours of land &
requires manmade
protection only on
entrance.
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
A. Based on
protection Cont.:

3. ARTIFICIAL
HARBOR:
- Manmade &
protected from
storms & waves by
engineering works.

Example include:
- Port of Cebu
ARTIFICIAL HARBOR

PLAN/
LAYOUT OF
ARTIFICIAL
HARBOR
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
B. Based on utility:
1. COMMERCIAL HARBORS:
- Here facilities for loading
& unloading of cargo and
ships are available.
- Consists of adequate
amount of landing space,
facilities for transporting
cargo & sheds for
storage.
- Here, docks are provided
with adequate facilities
for loading & unloading of
cargo.
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
B. Based on utility Cont.:
2. REFUGE HARBOR
- Used as haven for
ships in a storm. Lighthouse

- Have facilities for


anchorage & safe
access to harbor.
- Should allow all types
of ships in an
emergency.
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
B. Based on utility Cont.:
3. MILITARY HARBORS:
- Naval base for
purpose of
accommodating
naval ships.
- It serves as supply
depot.

Example include:
- Subic Bay

U.S Carrier
Aircraft
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
B. Based on utility Cont.: General Santos Fist Port
4. FISHING HARBORS:
- Have facilities for
departure, arrival & for
catching fishing ships.
- Have facility of
railways & approach
roads.
- Must have adequate
number of refrigerated
stores with adequate
storing capacity.
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
C. Based on Location:
1. OCEAN HARBOR:
- Are situated on coast
of a sea or ocean.
- Vital problem to be
tackled in design here
are penetration of
waves & deposition of
sand.

Example includes:
- Manila bay, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
C. Based on Location Cont.:
2. RIVER (INLAND) HARBOR:
- Located on banks of river
inside land.

Example include:
- Pasig River, etc

3. CANAL HARBOR:
- Located along canals for
navigations which could be
inland or sea-going.
- Dredging work needed is up
to a minimum. Maintenance Canal Harbor in
required is also negligible. Denmark
CLASSIFICATION OF HARBOR
Marina Lake, Geneva
C. Based on Location
Cont.:
4. LAKE HARBOR:
- Constructed along
shores of lakes.
- Barring tidal action,
scenario for large lakes
resemble that of a sea or
ocean.

Laguna Lake
ANY QUESTIONS
PLEASE ??

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