Phe Final Report
Phe Final Report
T. Y. CIVIL
A MICROPROJECT REPORT ON
.
WALCHAND COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SANGLI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
YEAR 2023-24
T. Y. CIVIL
A MICROPROJECT REPORT ON
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this group satisfactorily completed project Report titled as “
UNDERTAKE IMPACT STUDY OF AIR POLLUTION ON ENVIRONMENT . ” in course Public
Health Engineering for the academic year 2022-23.
Undertaking impact studies of air pollution on the environment involves investigating how
pollutants released into the atmosphere can harm our natural surroundings. These studies aim
to
Identify Sources: Determine the origins of air pollutants, such as industrial emissions,
transportation, and natural events like wildfires.
Assess Environmental Effects: Examine how these pollutants impact air quality, soil, water
bodies, and ecosystems, including their effects on plants, animals, and aquatic life.
Analyze Long-term Consequences: Investigate the long-term consequences of air pollution,
including climate change, acid rain, and the depletion of ozone in the atmosphere.
Propose Mitigation Strategies: Suggest measures to reduce emissions and protect the
environment, including regulations, technological advancements, and conservation efforts.
Through these studies, we gain a better understanding of the far-reaching consequences of air
pollution on our environment, which can inform policies and actions aimed at preserving our
ecosystems and mitigating the harmful effects of pollution.
Air pollution can damage crops and trees in a variety of ways. Ground-level ozone can lead to
reductions in agricultural crop and commercial forest yields, reduced growth and survivability
of tree seedlings, and increased plant susceptibility to disease, pests and other environmental
stresses (such as harsh weather).
One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on clima te change
but also its impact on public and Individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are
many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM),
particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing
respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and
cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role Ethel Ejarat, ag ainst
ultraviolet irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the
respiratory and cardiovascular system. Furthermore, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all considered air
pollutants that are harmful to humans. Carbon monoxide can even provoke direct poisoning when
breathed in at high levels. Heavy metals such as lead, when absorbed into the human body, can lead
to direct poisoning or chronic intoxication, depending on exposure. Diseases occurring from the
*Correspondence: aforementioned substances include principally respiratory problems such as
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis, and also lung c ancer, Elisavet
Stavropoulou cardiovascular events, central nervous system dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases.
Last but not least, climate change resulting from environmental pollution affects the geographical
distribution of many infectious diseases, as do natural disasters. The only way to tackle this problem is
through public awareness coupled with a multidisciplinary approach by scientific experts; national and
international organizations must address the emergence of this threat and propose sustainable
solutions. Keywords: air pollution, environment, health, public health, gas emission, policy
Abstract
One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change
but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are
many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM),
particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, ca using
respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and
cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role against ultraviolet
irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the respiratory and
cardiovascular system. Furthermore, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all considered air pollutants that are
harmful to humans. Carbon monoxide can even provoke direct poisoning when breathed in at high
levels. Heavy metals such as lead, when absorbed into the human body, can lead to direct poisoning or
chronic intoxication, depending on exposure. Diseases occurring from the aforementioned substances
include principally respiratory problems such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),
asthma, bronchiolitis, and also lung cancer, cardiovascular events, central nervous system
dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases. Last but not least, climate change resulting from environmental
pollution affects the geographical distribution of many infectious diseases, as do natural disasters. The
only way to tackle this problem is through public awareness coupled with a multidisciplinary approach
by scientific experts; national and international organizations must address the emergence of this
threat and propose sustainable solutions.
Keywords: air pollution, environment, health, public health, gas emission, policy
6.0 Proposed Resources required (major resources like raw material, tools, software etc.)
S. Name of Specifications Qty Remarks
No. Resource/material
1 Use of Internet Google Chrome 1
2 Use of Word MS Office-2013 1
3 Use of magazine Energy saving 1
4 Use of PowerPoint MS Office-2013 1
5 Air Visual and AQI GOVERNMENT 2
REGISTERED
APPS
7.0 Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activities for 8 Weeks)
s Details of activity Planned Planned Finish Team Members
r Start date date
1 Selection of Topic
2 Collection of relevant information 103 Parth Chavan
3 Arrangement of collected information 110 Sanket Chavan
4 Prepare report and ppt on it 116 Prathmesh
5 Finalizing and Drafting of Report Kadam
127 Prem Shinde
144 Ajay Madwane
8.0 List of participants Group Name – “ B ”
One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change
but also its impact on public and Individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are
many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM),
particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing
respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and
cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role Ethel Ejarat, against
ultraviolet irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the
respiratory and cardiovascular system. Furthermore, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all considered air
pollutants that are harmful to humans. Carbon monoxide can even provoke direct poisoning when
breathed in at high levels. Heavy metals such as lead, when absorbed into the human body, can lead
to direct poisoning or chronic intoxication, depending on exposure. Diseases occurring from the
*Correspondence: aforementioned substances include principally respiratory problems such as
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis, and also lung cancer, Elisavet
Stavropoulou cardiovascular events, central nervous system dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases.
Last but not least, climate change resulting from environmental pollution affects the geographical
distribution of many infectious diseases, as do natural disasters. The only way to tackle this problem is
through public awareness coupled with a multidisciplinary approach by scientific experts; national and
international organizations must address the emergence of this threat and propose sustainable
solutions. Keywords: air pollution, environment, health, public health, gas emission, policy
Abstract
One of our era's greatest scourges is air pollution, on account not only of its impact on climate change
but also its impact on public and individual health due to increasing morbidity and mortality. There are
many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter (PM),
particles of variable but very small diameter, penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing
respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and
cancer. Despite the fact that ozone in the stratosphere plays a protective role against ultraviolet
irradiation, it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, also affecting the respiratory and
cardiovascular system. Furthermore, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all considered air pollutants that are
harmful to humans. Carbon monoxide can even provoke direct poisoning when breathed in at high
levels. Heavy metals such as lead, when absorbed into the human body, can lead to direct poisoning or
chronic intoxication, depending on exposure. Diseases occurring from the aforementioned substances
include principally respiratory problems such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Di sease (COPD),
asthma, bronchiolitis, and also lung cancer, cardiovascular events, central nervous system
dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases. Last but not least, climate change resulting from environmental
pollution affects the geographical distribution of many infectious diseases, as do natural disasters. The
only way to tackle this problem is through public awareness coupled with a multidisciplinary approach
by scientific experts; national and international organizations must address the emergence of thi s
threat and propose sustainable solutions.
Keywords: air pollution, environment, health, public health, gas emission, policy
5.0 Proposed Resources required (major resources like raw material, tools, software etc.)
S. Name of Specifications Qty Remarks
No. Resource/material
6 Use of Internet Google Chrome 1
7 Use of Word MS Office-2013 1
8 Use of magazine Energy saving 1
9 Use of PowerPoint MS Office-2013 1
10 Air Visual and AQI GOVERNMENT 2
REGISTERED
APPS
6.0 OUTPUT
Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical or biological change in the air. It is the
contamination of air by harmful gases, dust and smoke which affects plants, animals and
humans drastically.
1. Ozone-
The primary ingredient in urban smog, ozone is created when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides both
of which are chemicals released by automobile
fuel combustion react with sunlight. Though beneficial in the upper atmosphere, at the ground level
ozone can irritate the respiratory system, causing coughing, choking, and reduced lung capacity.
2. Particulate matter-
These particles of soot, metals, and pollen give smog its murky color. Among vehicular pollution ,fine
particles pose the most serious threat to human health by penetrating deep into lungs.
3. Nitrogenoxides-
These vehicular pollutants can cause lung irritation and weaken the body's defenses against
respiratory infections such as pneumonia and influenza. In addition, they assist in the formation of
ozone and particulate matter.
4. Carbon monoxide-
This odourless, colourless gas is formed by the combustion of fossil fuels such as gasoline. Cars and
trucks are the source of nearly two-thirds of this pollutant. When inhaled, CO blocks the transport of
oxygen to the brain, heart, and other vital organs in the human body. New born children and people
with chronic illnesses are especially susceptible to the effects of CO.
5. Sulphurdioxide-
Motor vehicles create this pollutant by burning sulfur-containing fuels, especially diesel. It can reacting
the atmosphere to form fine particles and can pose a health risk to young children and asthmatics.
These chemical compounds, which are emitted by cars, trucks, refineries, gas pumps, and related
sources.
2. Industrial Emission
Huge amounts of organic chemicals like CO2, hydrocarbons, etc. are released by the industries
including other toxicants. They furthermore affect the climate as CO2 causes a greenhouse effect.
Hence, causing the heat to be trapped within the earth’s atmosphere. Therefore, the temperature and
humidity increase. More and more industries are being built as the demand grows. And as a result the
emissions also increase day by day. We are already observing the after-effects of this, as the earth’s
temperature rises by 1 degree Celsius per decade.
Cars on the roads are increasing day by day. There is no denying that vehicle pollution is the major
contributor to air pollution, especially in urban cities, where car ownership rates are more as
compared to rural areas. When the car burns gasoline, it emits pollutants in the air which is as
harmful as smoking 10 cigarettes a day. Your vehicle emits:
1. Carbon monoxide,
2. Hydrocarbons,
3. Nitrogen oxide, and
4. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10)
7. Agricultural Activities
Agricultural activities have had a serious impact on the decreasing air quality. To begin with,
pesticides and fertilizers are the main sources that contaminate the surrounding air. Nowadays,
pesticides and fertilizers are mixed with new invasive species which are not found in nature, for
quick growth of the crops and vegetation. Once they are sprayed over, the smell and the effect of
the pesticides are left in the air. Some mix with water and some seeps into the ground which not
only destroys the crops but also causes numerous health-related issues.
There are many small, but critical sources of air pollution in our homes and
neighborhoods. Such sources — vehicles, construction equipment, lawn mowers, dry
cleaners, backyard fires, and auto-body shops — are located where we live and work.
Total emissions from these smaller but widespread sources are significantly greater than
all the industrial sources in the state combined.
Fix exhaust and oxygen sensor problems ASAP. Check your tire pressure
monthly; under-inflated tires have been shown to lower gas mileage, particularly at lower
speed.
An idling engine creates a hot spot of pollution. Buses and big trucks
produce particularly unhealthy exhaust. Parents and teachers can help their schools and
daycares develop and implement no-idling policies.
Smoke from backyard fires can cause unhealthy conditions for hundreds of
people, especially during stagnant weather conditions. Since cities have elevated levels of
pollution compared to rural areas, urban fires are more of a nuisance to people with
asthma and other lung conditions. If you do have a campfire:
o Keep fires brief and small — 3 feet across or less.
o Burn only dry fire wood. In the Twin Cities it is illegal to burn any waste in a fire,
even yard waste.
o Never start campfires during an air quality alert. Sign up for texts or emails about
elevated air pollution levels.
Trees filter pollutants and absorb carbon dioxide. Trees also release
oxygen into the atmosphere and help cool our homes.
Direct local businesses, city offices, and school districts toward programs
that can help them reduce air pollution and become more sustainable.
GreenStep Cities:
Minnesota GreenCorps:
APPLICATION:-
The APM 460 is used for routine monitoring of PM 10 in the ambient air. By using the
APM 460, measurement of Respirable Particulate Matter can be done accurately and
TSPM can also be assessed by collection of dust retained in the cyclone cup. The APM
460 gained acceptability from academic institutes consultants and a wide spectrum of
industries besides country-wide use by the Pollution Control Boards and the National
Ambient Air Monitoring Program
WORKING PRINCIPAL :-
The APM 460 sampler uses an improved cyclone with sharper cutoff (D50 at 10 microns)
to separate the coarser particulates from the air stream before filtering it on the glass
microfibre filter (CSIR NEERI knowhow). APM 460 comes with a brushless, continuous
rated induction motor to significantly reduce equipment downtime, maintenance efforts
and inconvenience to community. The brushless blower of the APM 460 also substantially
reduces the audible noise. A thermal cut-out has been incorporated to protect the Blower
motor from burnout due to overheating. With the improved motor design the instrument no
longer needs a voltage stabilizer resulting in cost saving and lowering the weight of the
field instrument. The cabinet design has been improved to prevent entry of rainwater and
dust into the machine.
Special features:-
A smaller cabinet size makes it easier to carry the instrument from one site to another
Lockable Top cover and Gaseous attachment
The improved cabinet is more weather resistant and durable with SS hardware
DETAILS
Particle Size:- Particles of 10 microns & below collected on Filter Paper. SPM bigger
than 10 microns collected in a separate sampling bottle under the cyclone
Automatic Sampling :- 24 hrs programmable timer to automatically start & shut off the
system after pre set time intervals
FILTER PAPER
7.0 Conclusion –
It’s often been said that we only have one earth and we should do everything to protect it.
One cannot afford to sit on the side lines and watch because when it comes to pollution,
everyone is affected, even the ones that did not contribute to it. air pollution is affecting
the environment . The good thing is that something can actually be done about it. It
begins with individual responsibility in having a cleaner planet. When people change their
mindsets and become more proactive, a lot of good things can be achieved. In the same
manner, air pollution can also be reduced and managed affecting environment .
we must prioritize proactive policies and technologies that reduce emissions, transition to
renewable energy sources, enhance industrial practices, and advocate for sustainable
transportation. Public awareness and education are pivotal in fostering responsible
choices and promoting a collective shift towards a cleaner, healthier environment. By
committing to ongoing research, international cooperation, and community engagement,
we can forge a sustainable path that protects our planet from the ravages of air pollution,
ensuring a better quality of life for generations to come.
References :-
1) https://www.mpcb.gov.in/air-quality/Sangli/0000000145
2) https://www.aqi.in/in/dashboard/india/maharashtra/sangli
3) Use of air visual app and AQI registered apps
4) https://www.aqi.in/in/dashboard/india/maharashtra/sangli
5) https://envirotechindia.com/apm-460/
Annexure – III
Title of Micro-Project :-
Note:
Every course teacher is expected to assign marks for group evolution for each group of students in first 3 columns
as per rubrics & individual evaluation in 4th column for each group of students as per rubrics based on viva.
Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Name and designation of the Faculty Member: S V Chikurde (Lecturer SL Gr, Civil Engg Dept)
Signature: ………………………………………………………………………………