Because learning changes everything.

The Internet, the

Web, and
Electronic
Commerce
Chapter 2

Computing Essentials
O’Leary

© 2021 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom.
No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Learning Objectives

1. Explain the origins of the Internet and the web.

2. Explain how to access the web using providers and browsers
3. Compare different web utilities including filters, file transfer utilities, and
Internet security suites
4. Compare different Internet communications, including social networking
blogs, microblogs, webcasts, podcasts, wikis, e-mail, text messaging,
and instant messaging
5. Describe search tools, including search engines and specialized search
engines
6. Describe how to evaluate the accuracy of information presented on the
web
7. Identify electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B, and security
issues
8. Describe cloud computing, including the three-way interaction of clients,
Internet, and service providers
9. Discuss the Internet of Things (IoT) and the continuing development of
the Internet to allow everyday objects to send and receive data

© McGraw-Hill Education 2
 Introduction

The Internet
• Interconnected mesh of computers and data lines
• Connecting millions of people and organizations
Foundation of the digital revolution
• Allowing people around the world to share words, images and any
digital file almost instantaneously
The Web
• Provides an easy-to-use interface to Internet resources
To be effective and efficient
• End user awareness of the resources available on the Internet and the
Web

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 The Internet and the Web

The Internet
• Large global network connecting smaller networks all over the globe
The Internet launched in 1969
• The United States funded a project to develop a national computer
network
• ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network)
World Wide Web or WWW was introduced in 1991
The Internet and the web are NOT the same
• The Internet is the physical network
• The web is a multimedia interface to the resources available on the
Internet

© McGraw-Hill Education Goodluz/Shutterstock 4

 Web

Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0

• 1st • Dynamic • Identifies

generation content relationships
• Linking creation between data
existing • Facebook is • Personalized
information most content
focus common in creation for
• Search Web 2.0 users
programs
were created

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 Common Internet Uses

•Communicating

Shopping

Searching

Education or e-learning

Online Entertainment

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 Making IT Work for You – Online Entertainment

Online options for TV, movies, music, books, social media,

news feeds
• Hulu, Amazon Prime, Netflix, Amazon Kindle, CNN, Facebook, Twitter,
Feedly

© McGraw-Hill Education Jesse33/Shutterstock; Annette Shaff/Shutterstock; Castleski/Shutterstock; Roman Psyshchyk/Shutterstock 7

 Internet Access Providers

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• Common way to access the Internet
• Provide a path to access the Internet
• Use telephone lines, cable, and/or wireless connections
Most common providers
• Verizon, Comcast, Sprint, T-Mobile, AT&T

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 Browsers

Provide access to web resources

Allow you to explore the web
• Connect to remote computers
• Uncomplicated interface to the Internet
• File transfer
• Display many varieties of multimedia
Popular Web browsers include:
• Mozilla Firefox
• Apple Safari
• Microsoft Edge
• Google Chrome

© McGraw-Hill Education Indiaforte/Alamy Stock Photo 9

 URLs

Uniform Resource Locator

• Location or address of resource
• https is the most common for web traffic
Two parts
• Protocol
Rules for exchanging data

• Domain name
Where resource is located

© McGraw-Hill Education Figure 2-4 10

 Top-Level Domain (TLD)

.com Commercial
.edu Educational
.gov Government
.mil US Military
.net Network
.org Organization

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 HTML and Hyperlinks

Hypertext Markup Language

• Markup language for displaying web pages
Browsers interpret HTML commands
• Display document as a web page
Hyperlinks or links
• Connect to other web pages
• Text files
• Graphic images
• Audio and Video Clips

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 Interactive Web Sites

Technologies used to provide

highly interactive and animated
websites
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
• JavaScript

PHP
• Mobile Browsers
• Designed to run on portable devices

© McGraw-Hill Education George Dolgikh/Shutterstock 13

 Web Utilities

Specialized utility programs that make using the Internet and

web safer and easier
• Filters
• File Transfer Utilities
• Internet Security
Suites

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 Filters

Block access to selected sites

Set time limits
Monitor total time spent on the Internet and at individual web
sites
• Net Nanny
• Qustodio Parental Control
• Circle with Disney
• Norton Online Family
• McAfee Family Protection

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 File Transfer Utilities

Upload and download files to and from the Internet

• Downloading
• Uploading
Three popular types of programs
• Web-based file transfer services
• Bit-Torrent
• File transfer protocol (FTP) / Secure file transfer protocol (SFTP)

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 Internet Security Suites

Designed to maintain your security and privacy while on the

web
Two best known suites
• McAfee Internet Security
• Symantec Norton Internet Security

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 Communication

Communication is the most popular Internet activity

• Social Networking
• Blogs and Microblogs
• Webcasts, Podcasts, and Wikis
• E-mail and Messaging

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 Social Networking

Connecting people and organizations that share a common

interest or activity
• Common features
• Profiles

• Pages

• Groups

• Friends

• News feed

• Share settings

© McGraw-Hill Education ImageBROKER/Mara Brandl/Newcom 19

 Blogs

Blogs

Microblogs

© McGraw-Hill Education Annette Shaff/Shutterstock 20

 Webcast, Podcast, and Wikis

Webcast
• Streaming technology for live broadcast
of audio and video
• No files after streaming ends
Podcast
• Must download files to use
• Can transfer to media player
Wiki
• Specially designed Web site
• Allows visitors to edit the contents
• Supports collaborative writing

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 Messaging

Text Instant
MMS
Messaging Messaging

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 E-Mail

Transmission of electronic
messages over the Internet
Four basic elements
• Header
• Address

• Subject

• Message
• Signature
• Attachments

© McGraw-Hill Education Figure 2-16, Figure 2-17 23

 E-mail Systems

Client-based Web-based
• E-mail client • Webmail client

• Must be installed on • No installation necessary --

computer free
• Google’s Gmail
• Apple Mail
• Microsoft’s Hotmail
• Microsoft Outlook
• Yahoo!’s Yahoo!mail

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 SPAM

Spam • Unwelcome e-mail

Computer
viruses • Destructive programs

CAN-SPAM Act • Antispam laws

Spam
Blockers/Filters • Identify and control spam

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 Search Tools

Search Services
• Operate websites
• Spiders
Search Engines
• Assist in locating specific
information
Specialized Search Engines
• Focus on subject specific
websites

© McGraw-Hill Education Figure 2-18 Search Engines 26

 Content Evaluation

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 Electronic Commerce

•Business- Consumer-
to-consumer to consumer
(B2C) (C2C)

Business-to-
business
(B2B)

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 Business to Consumer (B2C)

Sale of product or service to general public

Fastest growing type of e-commerce
Three most widely used B2C applications:
• Online banking
• Financial trading
• Shopping

Amazon.com is one of the most widely use B2C sites

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 Consumer to Consumer (C2C)

Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C)

• Individual to individual
Web auctions
• Buyers and sellers seldom meet
• Bids are submitted electronically
• Person-to-person auction sites

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 Business to Business (B2B)

Sale of a product or service from one business to another

Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship

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 Security

Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure

• Provide a convenient way to submit buyers information
Two options
• Credit card
• Fast and convenient
• Digital cash
• Internet’s equivalent to traditional cash

• Converts digital cash to currency through 3rd party

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 Cloud Computing

Shifts computing activities from users’ computers to

computers on the Internet
Frees end-users from owning, maintaining, and storing
software programs and data
Three basic components:
• Clients (end-users)
• The Internet
• Service providers

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 Internet of Things (IoT)

Continuing development of
the Internet
Allows objects embedded
with electronic devices to
send and receive data
• Smartphones
• Wearable devices
• Coffee makers
Uses Web 3.0 Applications

© McGraw-Hill Education Myriaum B/Shutterstock, Denys Prykhodov/Shutterstock 34

 Careers in IT - Webmasters

Develop and maintain websites and resources

• Backup of company website
• Design and development of websites
• Work with the marketing
• Increase site traffic
• Development of web promotions

© McGraw-Hill Education G-Stock Studio/Shutterstock 35

 A Look to the Future

Home Smart Home

© McGraw-Hill Education MyCreative/Shutterstock 36

 Open Ended Questions
1. Discuss the Internet and web, including their origins, the three generations of the
web, and the most common uses.
2. Describe how to access the Internet. What are providers? Define browsers, and
discuss URLs, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, AJAX, PHP, and mobile browsers.
3. What are Web utilities? Discuss filters, file transfer utilities, and Internet security
suites.
4. Discuss Internet communications, including social networking, blogs, microblogs,
webcasts, podcasts, wikis, client-based and web-based e-mail, and messaging.
5. Define search tools including search services. Discuss search engines and
specialized search engines. Describe how to evaluate the content of a web site.
6. Describe electronic commerce, including business-to-consumer, consumer-to-
consumer, and business-to-business e-commerce, and security.
7. Discuss the Internet of Things (IoT). Describe how Fitbit and Apple’s Health App
are examples of how an IoT device can interact with a Web 3.0 application.
8. What is cloud computing? Describe the three basic components of cloud
computing.

© McGraw-Hill Education 37
Because learning changes everything. ®

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© 2021 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom.
No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.