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EE MATH Chapter 2 Laplace Transforms and Inverse Laplace Transforms

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MARK JUN M. BALTAZAR
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EE MATH Chapter 2 Laplace Transforms and Inverse Laplace Transforms

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MARK JUN M. BALTAZAR
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LAPLACE TRANSFORMS AND INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS A. Laplace Transform (Pierre Simon. Marquis de Laplace) ‘The process of transforming a given function from real time domain to a new function in the complex frequency domain. Let h(¢) be real time domain or original function. Definition: s=@rj 5 inva where: H(s)_ = _ new function in the complex frequency domain. h{) = function in time domain 5 = complex frequency domain t = time domain. é* = kernel of transformation 59 iol) ASN canla oN ee SUE THEOREMS ON LAPLACE TRANSFORM Theorem 1: Linearity Property ions whos If A(t) and i(@ are any functions w! and ; “a” and “b” are any constants, of [an(e) + bi(t]] = act a(t) psti(t) Theorem 2: First Shifting Theorem ; The transform of e™ times a function of ¢ is ae to the transform of the function with “s” replaced by (s+ 4). alesld]= p and its laplace transform is 58>0. s Theorem 4: Transforms of Derivatives If h(d is a continuous function of exponential order; Lrg = sLh{—) - ho) Lng = SFLH(g — [sh(o) + h(O)] Lng = S'Lh{g - [s'Ao) + sho) + HO] EAMG = SHG = [So "hfo) + SPIO) + + AMO ‘Theorem 5: Transforms of Integrals If (fis of exponential order and piecewise continuous. [fe n(iar]=2 tafe) Lier |. Table of Laplace Transforms Unit Impulse A) 1 Unit Step (Heaviside) 5 (0 x | Unit Ramp iat Ye | 2 eee wwe caw e EG ian aaa oun ELLs: F et Polynomial anes Ze Exponential et 1 = [ae ace S| R Me at) th Order Exponential ; tke? (2 2 2 Sine Wave } sin bt ("+H") + Cosine Wave 3 cos bt Damped Sine Wave; ¢*# sin bt Damped Cosine Wave ; e** cosbt sinh bt cosh bt [ a ecosh bt (s + ky -B2 + HE GAMMA FUNCTION ‘The gamma function denoted Ik) is defined by; | T(k at}; which js convergent for k > 0. Arecursion or recurrence formula for the gamma function is; T(k+1)=1(k) =H Proofs ofthe following Transforms by Gamma Function Definition such a8; =W7 :t(®)- =%s a) = 35 i TUf)eve and rft)=15 From its definition; rfk)= (reat ; similarly; resale ret MOL age 5 et ea) =-si Pk+1)= [Ten (st)" -sat T(k-+1)= fo etts*t*- sat Tfke+1)= sl") rertekae ; but at(t*)=[re™*(e*}ae (&), () 1()4) =r (check) From the derived formula, (')= r{e+1) ; it proved that 1(4)=V/ and x5) ar (et) = Lee) ; but 1(4+1)=%1(Y) from recursion or recurrence formula; (20), ou rye «(j= ; butet()=% Ye mt) (check) ; multiply both sides by s; T(t)=1 Relation Among Gamma Functions: 2.| 2 Yr(u)r(y+ 4)=ver(2u) |; this is called duplication formula for gamma function; a 1 139 3., yt], = 2m ye 14— + —— - + + "|| ; this is called ) yy 12y "288? 51,840y° ‘Stirling's asymptotic series of gamma function. THE BETA FUNCTION. The Beta Function denoted by f(m, n) is defined by; ; which is convergent for m > 0 ; n> 0. It is connected with gamma function according to the relation; wn) (m+n) THE BESSEL FUNCTION B(m, n) = ‘The Bessel Function of the first kind of order “n’, is defined as; 2 5 ey, (ns2r) ial aia apm be for n= 0 ; the equation becomes; req rit(n+r+1) Determine the Laplace Transforms of the following functions and simplify the result. 1. fi) = Ssin2t— 6cos2t Solution: LAG = ScL(sin24 - 6L(cos24 Referring to the Table of Laplace Transforms; Sifid} = Fis) ot {sin 2t} — VANCEDIENGINEERING MATBE MAniGo! 2. fit) = 3sint cost Solution: Recall: sin2t= 2sint cost in se = sint cost ; replace sint cost by “)— 3sin2t Ag 2 th = Set{sin2z} 3 2 as sate) Solution: From Laplace Transform Definitic fg = Pe s(djae ff = [Tea + [20a +f"fo)e“at As)= e Ag= Kert+Zelatyess ~Te** Ss Fis)= wre Le i 2e38 Seis s Se ~ 265 4 7 Answer FUSES Nero SNS Was ee Oe Cee Go oe ee One ae Solution: First Solution: t<3 t>3 By Definition of Laplace Transforms: hag = ee y(sjae fig = [P (-l)e"*at+ [5{i)estae na erhstner ng = (Ke*- Ke)s(yers Yer) , iss e 1 3 Oe alesis oar Answer ore (2e"*-1) s Second Solution: By Unit Step Function: Convert the given function to unit step function; nol {3 fi) = -1 + 2nlt-3) ffl) = L-1) + 2eLIwlt-3)] 5 recall: <{{p(e- by] = 2038 s Fisy= er lees 5. fit) = sin 8t sin 6t Solution: Recall: sind sinB= ¥,[cos(A-B)-cos{A+8)] ; A= 8t; B= 6t £0 = Yecos(8t - 61) - Ycos(8t + 64) fl) = Yycos2t- Yeosi4t Ligh = Yekicos24- Yct{cosl44 s s ae ulzta) a sia) 1 s 1 s ay, Asa)-A =] (s?-+4)(s? +196) 1] s°+196s-s°-4s Fan 5 (eae? 196) 2 a |s? +4} s? +196) FAs) = nswer 96s (s? +4][s? +196) es 6. fo Solution: By Theorem 2: First Shifting Theorem NO = 26% ; take the laplace transform of 1% a+ etiggy= 2st fe 04} ovr Aas Tena As) = 2 a=) Answer UNSeeLS el asc Onpeceuna Nene Name: Instructor: Cee Exercises: Find the Laplace Transform of the following functions as a function of “s”and simplify the result. 2a 1. fQ=2(1-e°) ; EEBP April 96; era answer s(s+a) 2. fit) = 3e sinst 4. id= 26" 0% DVANCEDIENGINEERINGIN a at 5. j= 20 € 6. fit) = 3sinbt coshbt 7. fit) = 2sinbt sinhbt cA sAt- se rane fE hs ae se7" 11, h(@ = p(t~ 2x) cos 3(¢~ 2) i ean _ (st+9) 13. fi) = 2€" sin4t sin3t 7 ts Answer (s-2) +1 (s-2)' +49 nt nt 1.309 . 0.262 14. fig =e sin cos ; Answer He 23" |(s+a)'+6.854| |(s+3)' +0.274 iS Z 45 45 ___ answer 15. f= 3e% sin3t sin A7t i 3 a (s-6.5) +9 (s+ 75) +9 ee pene ee 16. fl) =e" sinjat * Je-4) Answer (e"-e2} +e) : 18. fi = — sindtcos4t 2e" USS eata Se wil OSU eer was 05, (sat +36 (s+3)'+36 (s+5)'+4 (sti) +4 (sta) +4 (c+g) +4 Answer fee on * (s+0.5)' +36 20. fig = &*Y7e(1) ; an inswer Ai s+6.67)" Initial Value Theorem: It states that if h( and its derivative are laplace transformable then the initial value is defined by; hO+) = im ee Lim [s H{s)] soe Proof, From Theorem 4 of Laplace Transform: Lh = sfh(4 - h(0) ; take the laplace transform of left side; [Pe R(g dt = SH{s) - h(0+) o = Lim s Hs) - h(0+) ste h(0+) = Lim{s H{(s)] (check) ste EXAMPLES: Determine the initial value of the following functions given the corresponding Laplace Transform. 4{s+2) i. Hl) = a (s +2) +25 Solution: Using Initial Value Theorem: Lim h(t) = Lim s H(s) a Lim |_4s?+2s } divide both numerator and W(O+) = 5 > | 52 4.45429 denominator by s?; Lim 4+ hate: ; apply the limit by substituting” s” HO#) = So ny, by «j note Y= 0 and (0)? =~; 4+ oe (ee ey (0+) = 4.0 Answer iQ = 4e" cosst Lim h(t) = Lim 4e™ cosSt t30 t30 Lim h(®) = 4e° cos0® = 4(1)(1) t30 h(0+) = 4.0 (Check) 25 > ae e s(s?+55+6) Solution: Using Initial Value Theorem: Lim 25s 3 "s" is cancelled and the factors of HO) = S00 (e455 ) (s? +5s +6) are (s +2)(s +3); Lim 25 staeees 25 MON = sr=l ey 2\sxa)| | “EE A(0+) = 0 Answer Final Value Theorem: It states that if h( and its derivative are Japlace transformable, then the final value hf«) of h(Q is; nig = ale HG toe Proof: Again from Theorem 4 of Laplace Transform; tha) = s#{s) - HO+) : e“*h'(t)at= sH(s)- (0+) pas im ir (ter*at]= Ht o[sx(s)-n(04)] ; Pal WSN enes AeeNes sre (ia 2m frag): (ge cit, =m fail fa x) = aled- 0] + (a, = Ht) A=) - (0) = him (1) Mo) = Lim ig = Lim's (Check) too [SLExamees: Find the final value of the following functions given the corresponding Laplace ‘Transform. +3 1 I= 1" ea Solution: By Final Value Theorem: im [8(5+3)] ; “s"iscancelled and as"s" ie) = # = Sols 3(s+2) approaches to zero, then n= O23 0+2 ifeo) = % amperes Answer Checking: ile) = LNs) fe) = -<[z3 post 2) the4) Solution: “galley aS te = | . Seoshae Answer [SES Nicene an oO OYA lel Solution: offifecbn| eter ceta-8 faa, «tel = sin anewer s. 4t"{¥} Solution: alin 2 a SUE) = aay x)= 3 ; divide both sides by 2; Yee) = o | take the inverse laplace on both sides; Ys LE) =L"(Yo) 5 Lar aye ~a"(%0) 4of"(Y) = 2? Answer B, Completing the Square and Translations: 1. ei ahees | (s?-25+9) Solution: S$ -25+9=s-25+1+8 s'-25+9=(s'-25+1)+8 id 2 4 is to the problem; pies ey + (&) , substitute this to the leak -y-(&) ato we (=f +(8) but 1 &, ; butl=-—3 2 8 ee Fosse Answer selects} eo (8 +45+6) Solution: S+4s+ 4454442 S'+4s+6=(s 45+ 4)+2 2 o44s+6=(s+ 27+ (v2) 3 substitute this to the problem; a) (+2) +(a) 5 gt 2 Br (s+2)° +(by : but 32, e* sin V2t Answer Solution: S~6sy 25-3 -6549+16 s'-6s+25=(s'-65+9) +16 _ $= 6s+25=(s-3)'+47 ; and (s—5) = (s- 3) - 2(1) -( : _(A- ta 5 from Algebra ; SE (s-3) 2 = ej et 2 (5 4, =e" cos4t- Ye™ sin 4t Answer fe a Ee te +4s+7) Solution: as +4s+7=2IQs+4s+7) 3° 12% Qs +4s+7 =2(2}ae +4s+7) as'+4s+7=4(¥)(as + 4s+7) ag +4547 =4(s7 +2847) 5 take }, of the numerical coefficient of s then square; athane7- e sreefdol fief -¥| ag+4st7= aff +2e0a)-164| sage Be 2e-ner- dent] ; and Ib D ENGINEERING MATHEMATK s+2=(st+1)+1 (s+1)+1 V0" ent (8) (s+1) K/h Ut lew -{B) + Ke" [lous (ZY vonffen Bleak, = Yer cos Ber 28 tan St answer

/2 Constants ; 3=A-C fd = <'As) wiethieG ie) S741 7, sint fo = Ze ~goost+ = ansu (s? +2847) 4. Fis)= (@ +28-+2(5? + Solution: Let x=s'+2s x47 A [er2fers) e245 By Heaviside Method: (x+7) _nat7_ 5 AS (eo | ts 3 B= (x+ sj a al. fl) = LAs) woe but; 9 +2s+2=(s' +2s+1)+1=(s+2)1+ 1°; and Si 42s4+5=(s +2841) +45 (s+ 1) +2% Si = Lt" a) mal (enfer] 3 (onl ee fi) = Kertsint- %e* sin 2t Answer ole AGE TRANSFORMOANDINVERS! Name: Instructor: Course & Year: Date: “t". Find the inverse Laplace Transform of the following as a function of Exercises: A. Linearity: (tos +8) : 1. As)= 5 fit) = 10+ 4 Answer s 2Aj=% * ; fld=4¢ Answer -g-------------------------------- === == == -- = gen Alc) AVEO aon conics (359 +3. 3. rg- & 7 s) ; f9~ 32420 Answer +4, Ag = 48-608 3 19 80-2. answer s re 5. Fis) = ea + 0 96°% Answer 3s+9 & 9" Tas) } ld = 6cos3t— 18sin3t Answer 5 f= soos fSt+ in \5t Answer Gta Ne oane aceon 3t Bt 5 oso! Answer «me (O22) poe fend Herre er (6s? +9) 6 gis (16s +24) : fo 400 V5t+F sin St Answer 11. Fis) = 2s + 1)"-4(s+ 3)" ; EEBPApril'97 ; (= 26*-4e “Answer iy eons t ______ns (tos +15) +12, = ee s? -28 +5) 13a (2-6s) (6s +21) 14. Fis) = e=5) 3 fld= Hagsofbe—ae0s 3 AO= acos fSe+2¥gin [Be Answer Us SNe eee 12s +8 Pe ' e' Answer 15. rg = 022*8) 3 figz2te+ Hee (=f + B. Completing the Square and Translations: 1 de (2s+8) s +6) Per & ~ase4) + f= 3e fen eee ain 2. Fs) = nao + flQ = 2e” cos2t + 26” sin2t Answer (Frse+g) Hs eer t Answer _JgL--—---------- +--+ === - = - == ITACESTRANGRORN 3, Age ee : (2 ~48 +20) (16s +48) ptlete (s? +85 +16 (9s +21) 5 M9" (aa5-3) ENPNUse eos Nees 10s) 3 fit)=4e"(Bcos4e+ sin4f) Answer 3 fig = 16€"(1 - 9 Answer 5 fl) = 12e"-3e" Answer aS AA Ee fe la wal nae (6s+6) afa9 oA 7 (aos ht we %) t)Answer (s?+s5+1) wes 7. I= (2843) 3 fi = Wet cos V2t+ e! sin Vat Answer (145 +8) +8. Fls)= foreaesg] 3 fi) = 267 "(oreo J sane SSE Mus Sa ODO Saneenene. LNA (4s-+12) 9. Fis) = | As) (as? +4e41) + N= 4+ te% Answer (12s - 24) 10. Fis) = way 3 ft) = 12cos4t- 6sin4t Answer C. Partial Fractions: 1. Fis) = Pa 5 3 fl) =(e"- e*) Answer z, (os+6) 5 4 er He Answer 2 (s?-s-2) (35-19) 5 f= Whe -%er Answer 9 AA Teng) sana (fe i259] 3 f= 8e"— 26" answer (6s? ~12| (erife=afera) FAD ert 40 42% 6% answer 5. Fls) = ( \s? - 30s - (esiye-9F 6 Fg= 3 A) = Yet-7e? + 8te" +H Answer (16s +48) : 7. Fs) = frvee-3) 3 fi)= 3% +76% Answer t+ sint Answer ; fig = &- 008: 2 as Ra (s+ifs? + 3 fi = 1-cos2t Answer (2s +42) 10. = ‘ it Ae) (?=76-15) 3 AD=4e"— 30% Answer

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