1

Division Lanao del Norte

School Grade Level 10
Teacher Learning Area Science
Time & Dates Quarter 3

A. Performance
Standards
B. Learning The learners should be able to explain how protein is made using
Competencie information from DNA (S10LT-IIId37).
s/
Objectives
(Write the
code for each
LC)
1. Describe the translation process.
C. Specific 2. Relate the conceptual relationship of DNA, mRNA and protein.
Objectives 3. Explain the importance of gene expression through hands-on
representation activity.
D. Integration of
Content
Within and English, Arts, Araling Panlipunan
Across
Curriculum
II. CONTENT HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
A. Subject Matter Gene Expression: Translation
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s
pp. 203 - 209
Guide Pages
2. Learner’s
pp. 275 - 284
Material Pages
3. Textbook
Pages
4. Additional
EASE Biology. Module 14. p. 24.
Materials from
LR Portal
Don’t Memorise. “Replication Methods and the Central Dogma”.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjSEFQnibEw
B. Other Learning Little Learning Lane. “Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics - Crack the Code”.
Resources Teachers Pay Teachers. https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/
Ancient-Egyptian-Hieroglyphics-Crack-the-Code-4039129

IV. PROCEDURES Teacher’s Activity/ies Learner’s Expected Response/s

ELICIT
Review the Transcription Process by
letting the learners identify the
mRNA sequence based from its
A. Reviewing
complimentary pairs from the DNA.
previous lesson
or presenting the
DNA: CTA GTT CCC TAA DNA: CTA GTT CCC TAA
new lesson
mRNA: ____ ___ ____ ___ mRNA: GAU CAA GGG AUU

DNA: TAC CGA GGT TTA DNA: TAC CGA GGT TTA
mRNA: ____ ____ ____ ___ mRNA: AUG GCT CCA AAU
B. Establishing a ENGAGE
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Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics -
Crack the Code
Each letter in the alphabet matches a
corresponding “hieroglyph” or
picture. Use the following key to
crack the code and solve the ancient
riddles.

(The first student to give the correct

answer may earn a prize. This
purpose for the
activity connects to their lessons in
lesson
Araling Panlipunan.)

VIDEO
In order to give a brief background to
the lesson, show the following video
to the class entitled “Central
Dogma”.

C. Presenting
examples/
instances of the
new lesson
Guide Question:
What is the Central Dogma of The Central Dogma of Biology is
Biology? the directional command of creating
proteins from DNA. It involves three
processes: Replication, Transcription
and Translation.

EXPLORE
Activity: Relay the Message
The class will be divided into three (Students perform the Activity.)
D. Discussing new groups. After performing the activity,
concepts and the groups must each pick a
practicing new representative to present their
skills #1 output.
(The Activity Sheet is attached to the
lesson plan.)

EXPLAIN
E. Discussing new Show and Tell
concepts and Each group will show their model
practicing new to the class and explain the process
skills #2 of transcription using their output.
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Guide Questions:
1. What are the four nucleotide tRNA and mRNA are made of the
bases present in tRNA? Do same nitrogenous base which are
these bases differ from those adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine.
found in mRNA?

2. What base in mRNA can only

join with the adenine base of Adenine pairs with uracil and vice-
RNA? What base in mRNA versa.
can only join with the uracil
base of tRNA?

3. What is a codon? What does

it represent? A codon is a set of three nitrogenous
bases in mRNA which codes for a
specific amino acid.
4. What is the role of tRNA in
protein synthesis? Transfer RNA brings an amino acid in
the cytoplasm to the ribosomes. Each
tRNA molecule attaches to only one
type of amino acid.
5. How does a tRNA molecule
carrying its amino acid In tRNA, there is a sequence of three
recognize which codon to nucleotides that are complementary to
attach? the nucleotides in the mRNA codon.
These three nucleotides are called an
anticodon because they bond to the
codon of the messenger RNA. The
tRNA carries only the amino acid that
the anticodon specifies.
6. You have learned that there
is a stop codon that signals Stop codon signals the ribosome to
the end of an amino acid dislodge from the mRNA. If such
chain. Why is it important that process didn't exist, then the ribosome
a stop codon be part of will remain attached to the mRNA
protein synthesis? possibly adding more amino acid that
don’t need to be translated.
Powerpoint Presentation
F. Developing Using powerpoint presentation (or
mastery other Visual Aids), give a brief
lecture about Translation. Introduce
the Genetic Code Table to the
learners.
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Guide Questions:
1. Why is specific base pairing Complimentary base pairing is
essential to the processes of important in expressing the genes
protein synthesis – found in the DNA by producing the
transcription and translation? specific protein that it codes.

2. How many codon/s codes for Each codon specifies a particular

one amino acid? amino acid that is to be placed in the
polypeptide chain. There is more than
one codon for each amino acid.
ELABORATE
Activity: Trace the Code
Each student must perform the (Students perform the Activity.)
activity.
(The Activity Sheet is attached to the
lesson plan.)
After the activity, communicate the
answers to the class.

G. Finding practical Construction Worker Analogy The construction site is similar to the
applications of In a construction site, workers put Ribosome because it is where the
concepts and hollow blocks together and build a building of the final product occurs.
skills in daily wall. How is this situation similar to The construction workers are like the
living Translation? tRNA since they build the product.
Amino acids represent the hollow
blocks and when put together, they
make up the wall or the protein.

H. Making Guide Questions:

generalization 1. How is the language of the The central dogma of biology
and abstractions gene expressed? describes the flow of information from
about the lesson gene sequence to protein product. It
involves three processes: Replication,
Transcription and Translation.

Replication is the process by which

the DNA makes a copy of itself. Next
are the two stages of Protein
Synthesis: Transcription and
Translation.

Transcription is the creation of mRNA

using information from the DNA. The
mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels
to the cytoplasm where a ribosome
attaches to it. The last step is called
Translation.

2. How does translation take Translation is similar to Transcription in

place? a way that it also involves three stages:
Initiation, Elongation and Termination.

During Initiation, ribosome binds to an

mRNA molecule. Then, tRNA
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molecules, each carrying a specific
amino acid, approach the ribosome.
The tRNA anticodon pairs with the
first mRNA (start) codon argenine-
uracil-guanine (AUG), to form the
initiation complex. The two molecules
temporarily join together.

Next is Elongation wherein the first

codon, (AUG), codes for the amino
acid methionine. AUG signals the start
of protein synthesis. Then, the
ribosome slides along the mRNA to the
next codon. A new tRNA molecule
carrying an amino acid pairs with the
second mRNA codon. When the first
and second amino acids are in place,
an enzyme called peptidyl transferase
joins them by forming a peptide bond
between them. The process continues
and a chain of amino acids is formed.

Lastly, translation is terminated when

the ribosome reaches a stop codon on
the mRNA strand. The polypeptide
chain is released. Protein synthesis is
complete.

I. Evaluating EVALUATE
learning Multiple Choice
Instructions: Write the letter of the
correct answer.
1. The synthesis of amino acids 1. C
using information in the 2. B
mRNA. 3. A
a. Replication 4. D
b. Transcription 5. B
c. Translation
d. Elongation
2. The part of the cell that
serves as the site of protein
synthesis.
a. Nucleus
b. Ribosome
c. Endoplasmic Reticulum
d. Plasma Membrane
3. Each nucleotide triplet in
mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid is called
_________.
a. Codon
b. Enzyme
c. Nitrogenous Base
d. Ribose
4. What is the role of tRNA
during protein synthesis?
a. bond to open the DNA
strand to carry the code
for protein synthesis out
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of the nucleus
b. carry DNA to the site of
protein synthesis
c. break apart mRNA and
send it back to the
nucleus so that it can be
reused
d. Carry amino acids to the
mRNA for correct
placement into the protein
chain
5. Which of the following does
NOT signal protein synthesis
to stop?
a. UAA
b. UTA
c. UAG
d. UGA

Assignment (1/4 sheet of paper)

Trace the flow of genetic information
from the DNA to a protein using the
sequence below. Use the Genetic
Code table as your reference.
DNA: ATG CCG AGT GGA CTC DNA: ATG CCG AGT GGA CTC TAA
J. Additional
TAA DNA: TAC GGC TCA CCT GAG ATT
activities for
DNA: ___ ____ ___ ___ ____ mRNA: AUG CCG AGU GGA CUC UAA
application or
___ Amino
remediation
mRNA: ___ ____ ___ ___ ____ Acid: Met Pro Ser Gly Leu STOP
___
Amino
Acid: ___ ____ ___ ___ ____
___

V. REMARKS

VI. REFLECTION

A. No. of learners
who earned
80% on the
formative
assessment
B. No. of learners
who require
additional
activities for
remediation
C. Did the remedial
lessons work?
No. of learners
who have
caught up with
the lesson.
D. No. of learners
who continue to
require
remediation
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E. Which of my
teaching
strategies
worked well?
Why did these
work?
F. What difficulties
did I encounter
which my
principal or
supervisor can
help me solve?
G. What innovation
or localized
materials did I
use / discover
which I wish to
share with other
teachers?
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Name: ______________________ Grade & Section/Group: __________ Date: ________ Score:
_____
Activity no. ____
RELAY THE MESSAGE
I. OBJECTIVES:
 Make a model of the translation process.
 Simulate the steps in translation.
II. MATERIALS:
 crayons  scissors
 1/4 illustration board or long folder  paste/clear tape
III. PROCEDURE:
A. DNA Template
1. Use the patterns of the components of the DNA and RNA provided by your teacher.
Color code phosphate = blue, deoxyribose sugar = green ,ribose sugar = brown and
nitrogenous bases as follows: adenine = yellow, uracil = orange, guanine = violet,
cytosine = red and amino acid = green.
2. Cut out each nucleotide.
3. Using the given order of the nucleotides below, construct a double stranded DNA
molecule.
Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine,
4. Fasten your molecules together using a clear tape. DO NOT tape across base pairs.
B. RNA Template
5. Use the patterns of the components of the RNA provided by your teacher. Color code
phosphate = blue, ribose sugar = brown and nitrogenous bases as follows: adenine =
yellow, uracil = orange, guanine = violet and cytosine = red.
6. Cut out each nucleotide.
C. TRANSCRIPTION
7. With your DNA model in front of you, demonstrate the process of transcription by first
pulling the DNA model apart between the base pairs. Using the right strand of the
DNA model in step 3, begin matching complementary RNA nucleotides with the
exposed bases on the DNA model to make mRNA.
8. Tape the RNA nucleotides.
9. When you are finished, tape your new mRNA molecule together.
D. TRANSLATION
10. Imagine that mRNA leaves the cell nucleus and moves out to the cell’s ribosomes.
Meanwhile, transfer RNA (tRNA) is present in the cell cytoplasm. tRNA has a three –
base sequence (a triplet) that can match with the bases of mRNA.
11. Cut out the two models of tRNA only along solid lines. Join the tRNA molecules to
the mRNA model.
12. When you are finished, tape your model of the translation process on the illustration
board or folder.
IV. QUESTIONS:
1. What are the four nucleotide bases present in tRNA? Do these bases differ from those found
in mRNA?
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2. What base in mRNA can only join with the adenine base of RNA? What base in mRNA can
only join with the uracil base of tRNA?
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3. What is a codon? What does it represent?
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4. What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
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5. How does a tRNA molecule carrying its amino acid recognize which codon to attach?
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6. You have learned that there is a stop codon that signals the end of an amino acid chain.
Why is it important that a stop codon be part of protein synthesis?
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GENERALIZATION
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BLANK DNA TEMPLATE
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BLANK RNA TEMPLATE
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Name: ______________________ Grade & Section/Group: __________ Date: ________ Score:
_____
Activity no. ____
TRACE THE CODE
I. OBJECTIVES:
 Identify the amino acids coded for by the mRNA codon using the Genetic Code Table.
II. MATERIALS:
 Genetic Code Table
III. PROCEDURE:
1. Determine the order of bases in the first column (DNA), second column (codon), and third
column (anticodon). Consider the complementary base pairs in DNA: adenine pairs with
thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. While in RNA, adenine pairs with uracil and
guanine pairs with cytosine.
2. To identify the amino acid, look at the bases in the mRNA codon, e.g., AUG using the
Genetic Code Table. Look for the first letter of the mRNA codon on the left side of the
genetic code table (A), the second letter of the mRNA on the second letter column (U), and
the third letter on the right side column (G). AUG codes for the amino acid - methionine.
3. Do the same with the other codons in the chart.
Order of bases in Order of bases in Amino Acid coded into
Order of bases in DNA
mRNA tRNA (anticodon) Proteins
TAG

CAT

CAG

GGT

ATG

GTT

TGA

ACA

AAA

GAA

GENETIC CODE TABLE

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IV. QUESTIONS:
1. Why is specific base pairing essential to the processes of protein synthesis – transcription and
translation?
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2. How many codon/s codes for one amino acid?

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GENERALIZATION
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