JAYAWANT SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL’s

Bhivrabai Sawant Polytechnic

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Maharashtra, Affiliated to MSBTE Mumbai)
Gat No. 720 (1&2), Wagholi, Pune-Nagar Road, Pune-412207)
Phone: 020 – 65335100 Tele fax: - + 91-020-65335100
E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.jspm.edu.in

Computer Engineering Department

Academic Year 2023-2024
PIP Questions on Chapter 1
Course: DCC Course Code: 22414 Semester: IV
Que. Bloom’s Marks Assignment Questions Relevance
No. Level to CO
1 1,2 4 Define guided and unguided communication media.
2 1 2 Draw and explain fiber optic cable.
3 2 4 State the two Advantages and Disadvantages of Unguided Media

4 2 4 Describe Multiplexing techniques

5 2 4 Explain circuit switching networks with neat sketch.

6 2 4 Describe the principles of packet switching and circuit switching techniques with neat
diagram.
7 2 4 List any four Unguided Transmission Media. COI402.1
8 2 4 What advantages does TDM have over FDM in a circuit switched network?
9 2 4 Differentiate between FDM and TDM
10 2 4 Why is circuit switching preferred over packet switching in voice
communication?
11 2 4 Draw structural diagram of fiber optic cable and write its functions

Sign of Course Coordinator Sign of Module Coordinator Sign of H.O.D.

 JAYAWANT SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL’s

Bhivrabai Sawant Polytechnic

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Maharashtra, Affiliated to MSBTE Mumbai)
Gat No. 720 (1&2), Wagholi, Pune-Nagar Road, Pune-412207)
Phone: 020 – 65335100 Tele fax: - + 91-020-65335100
E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.jspm.edu.in

Computer Engineering Department

Academic Year 2019-20
PIP Chapter 1 Solution
Course: DCC Course Code: 22414 Semester: IV

Que. Bloom’s Relevance

Marks Assignment Questions
No. Level to CO
1 1, 2 2 Define guided and unguided communication media. COI402.2

Marking Scheme 2 marks

Guided communication media: Guided transmission media are known as the

wired communication. The electromagnetic signals travel between the
communicating devices through a physical medium/conductor.
Answer
Unguided communication media: The unguided media is also called wireless
communication. It does not require any physical medium to transmit
electromagnetic signals. In unguided media, the electromagnetic signals are
broadcasted through air to everyone
2 1 4 Draw and explain fiber optic cable.
Marking Scheme Diagram 2M ,Explanation 2M
Answer

Fiber optic cable:

 A fiber-optic cable is made up of glass or plastic.
 It transmits signals in the form of light.
  The outer jacket is made up of PVC or Teflon.
 Kevlar strands are placed inside the jacket to strengthen the cable.
 Below the Kevlar strands, there is another plastic coating which acts as a cushion.
 The fiber is at the center of the cable, and it consists of cladding and glass core
 The density of the cladding is less than that of the core.
 Optical fibers use the principle of ‘reflection’ to pass light through a channel.
3 2 4 State the two advantages and disadvantages of unguided media
Marking Scheme 2 M Advantages , 2 M Disadvantages
Advantages:

1 .Use for long distance communication.

2. High speed data transmission.

3. Many receiver stations can receive signals from same sender station
Disadvantages :
Answer
1..Radio waves travel through Lowest portion of atmosphere which can have lot of noise and
interfering signals
2. Radio wave communication through unguided media is an insecure communication.
Radio wave propagation is susceptible to weather effects like rain, thunder and storm etc.

4 2 4 Describe Multiplexing techniques

Marking Scheme 2 M each technique explanation
Answer Multiplexing is a technique by which different analog and digital streams of transmission can be
simultaneously processed over a shared link. Multiplexing divides the high capacity medium into
low capacity logical medium which is then shared by different streams. Communication is
possible over the air (radio frequency), using a physical media (cable), and light (optical fiber).
All mediums are capable of multiplexing. When multiple senders try to send over a single
medium, a device called Multiplexer divides the physical channel and allocates one to each. On
the other end of communication, a De-multiplexer receives data from a single medium, identifies
each, and sends to different receivers.

Different multiplexing techniques are 1.Frequency Division

multiplexing 2.Time division multiplexing

Frequency Division Multiplexing: When the carrier is frequency, FDM is used. FDM is an
analog technology. FDM divides the spectrum or carrier bandwidth in logical channels and
allocates one user to each channel. Each user can use the channel frequency independently and
has exclusive access of it. All channels are divided in such a way that they do not overlap with
each other. Channels are separated by guard bands. Guard band is a frequency which is not used
by either channel.

Time Division Multiplexing: TDM is applied primarily on digital signals but can be applied on
analog signals as well. In TDM the shared channel is divided among its user by means of time
slot. Each user can transmit data within the provided time slot only. Digital signals are divided in
frames, equivalent to time slot i.e. frame of an optimal size which can be transmitted in given
time slot.
TDM works in synchronized mode. Both ends, i.e. Multiplexer and De- multiplexer are timely
synchronized and both switch to next channel simultaneously.
 When channel A transmits its frame at one end, the De-multiplexer provides media to channel A
on the other end. As soon as the channel A’s time slot
expires, this side switches to channel B. On the other end, the De-multiplexer works in a
synchronized manner and provides media to channel B. Signals from different channels travel the
path in interleaved manner
5 2 4 Explain circuit switching networks with neat sketch.
Marking Scheme 1 M for diagram. 3 M for explaination
Answer Circuit switching is a connection-oriented network switching technique. Here, a dedicated route
is established between the source and the destination and the entire message is transferred
through it.

Phases of Circuit Switch Connection:

 Circuit Establishment: In this phase, a dedicated circuit is established from the source to
the destination through a number of intermediate switching centers. The sender and
receiver transmits communication signals to request and acknowledge establishment of
circuits.
 Data Transfer: Once the circuit has been established, data and voice are transferred from
the source to the destination. The dedicated connection remains as long as the end parties
communicate.
 Circuit Disconnection: When data transfer is complete, the connection is relinquished.
The disconnection is initiated by any one of the user. Disconnection involves removal of
all intermediate links from the sender to the receiver.
 The diagram represents circuit established between two telephones connected by circuit
switched connection. The blue boxes represent the switching offices and their connection
with other switching offices. The black lines connecting the switching offices represent the
permanent link between the offices.
6 4,6 6 Describe the principles of packet switching and circuit switching techniques with neat diagram.

Circuit switching-3M 1 M –diagram, 2M explanation:

Marking Scheme
Packet switching-3 M 1M- diagram, 2M explanation
Answer
Circuit Switching: When two nodes communicate with each other over a dedicated
communication path, it is called circuit switching. There 'is a need of pre-specified route from
which data will travels and no other data is permitted. In circuit switching, to transfer the data,
circuit must be established so that the data transfer can take place.
Circuits can be permanent or temporary. Applications which use circuit switching may have to
go through three phases:
 Establish a circuit
 Transfer the data
 Disconnect the circuit

Circuit switching was designed for voice applications. Telephone is the best suitable example of
circuit switching. Before a user can make a call, a virtual path between callers and called is
established over the network.
 Packet Switching: The entire message is broken down into smaller chunks called packets. The
switching information is added in the header of each packet and transmitted independently.
It is easier for intermediate networking devices to store small size packets and they do not take
much resource either on carrier path or in the internal memory of switches.

Packet switching enhances line efficiency as packets from multiple applications can be
multiplexed over the carrier. The internet uses packet switching technique. Packet switching
enables the user to differentiate data streams based on priorities. Packets are stored and forwarded
according to their priority to provide quality of service.

7 2 2 List any four Unguided Transmission Media.

Marking Scheme ½ M each
. Unguided Media or Wireless media:

(a) Radio wave

(b) Microwave
Answer
(c) Infrared

(d) Satellite

8 2 4 What advantages does TDM have over FDM in a circuit switched network?
Marking Scheme consider 4 points for 4 M
Answer . In TDM, each signal uses all of the bandwidth some of the time, while for FDM, each signal
uses a small portion of the bandwidth all of the time.

TDM uses the entire frequency range but dynamically allocates time, certain jobs might require
 less or more time, which TDM can offer but FDM is unable to as it cannot change the width of
the allocated frequency.

TDM provides much better flexibility compared to FDM. TDM offers

efficient utilization of bandwidth

Low interference of signal and minimizes cross talk

9 2 4 Differentiate between FDM and TDM
Marking Scheme 1M for each difference
Frequency Division Multiplexing Time division Multiplexing
FDM divides the channel into two or TDM divides and allocates certain
more frequency ranges that do not time periods to each channel in an
overlap alternating manner
Frequency is shared Times scale is shared

Answer Used with Analog signals Used with both Digital signals and
analog signals
Interference is high Interference is Low or negligible
Utilization is Ineffective Efficiently used

Why is circuit switching preferred over packet switching in voice

10 2 4
communication?
Marking Scheme Any six points 1 M each
Answer

Switching is a mechanism by which data/information sent from source towards destination which
are not directly connected. Networks have interconnecting devices, which receives data from
directly connected sources, stores data, analyse it and then forwards to the next interconnecting
device closest to the destination.
Switching can be categorized as:
 Circuit switching
 Packet switching
 Message switching
Circuit switching is preferred over packet switching in voice communication because:
  In circuit switching, a dedicated path is established between sender and receiver which is
maintained for entire duration of conversation.
 It provides continuous and guaranteed delivery of data.
 During the data transfer phase, no addressing is needed.
 Delays are small.
 It uses connection oriented service.
 Message received in order to the destination

11 2 4 Draw structural diagram of fiber optic cable and write its functions
Marking Scheme 2 M for diagram and 2 M for functions

Answer

Fig. Structural diagram for Fibre Optic Cable

Functions of Optical Cable:

1. Single-mode fibers - Used to transmit one signal per fiber (used in telephones and cable TV)
2. Multi-mode fibers - Used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer