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India After Independence Class 8 Notes CBSE History Chapter 10 PDF

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108 views5 pages

India After Independence Class 8 Notes CBSE History Chapter 10 PDF

Uploaded by

Ashish Kumar Dwivedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Revision Notes

Class – 8 Social Science History


Chapter 10 - India After Independence

● India after independence and to do that, it looks back to an era of enormous


socio- political turmoil. India has experienced many bloodshed and loss of
lives, regardless of age, only to get rid of about 200 years of slavery. So what
did happen after the long-awaited independence? This chapter is about this.
Since independence is not an easy thing to achieve. It brings many challenges.

● The Nation: New and Divided


❖ The division and formation of Pakistan has led to the migration of
approximately 8 million refugees, who have nowhere to live, no food, and no
way to make a living.

❖ There were about 500 princes headed by Nawab or the Maharaja that needed
to be persuaded.

❖ The development of the political system is the need of the times to meet the
needs of the people.

❖ Among the 345 million residents, discrimination between upper and lower
castes was very prominent.
❖ Discrimination based on religion, language, eating habits, etc. still exists.

❖ Unifying all these people under one country was a difficult task.

❖ The development of rural areas and an agriculture-based economy was


another issue that needs to be solved urgently. Poverty not only existed in
villages, but was also in cities. Many workers live in slums and have no access
to health care, education, etc.
❖ The solution is to increase agricultural productivity, create employment
opportunities, and promote employment so that the unit and development
attach equal importance.

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❖ Economic development was needed to achieve equitable population and
distribution, otherwise, it may result in further discrimination.

● Birth of the Constitution


❖ The Constitution of India was formulated in 34 years after much discussion
and cooperation between political parties and was finally approved on January
26, 1950. The Constitution of India has some outstanding features, which are
adapted from the constitutions of other countries in the world.

❖ Under the Constitution, any Indian who is 21 years of age or older can
participate in state and national elections.

❖ The Constitution guarantees that the law is the same for all people in all
countries, regardless of their caste, religion, belief, etc.

❖ "The poorest and most disadvantaged Indians" deserve special privileges.

❖ Untouchables are abolished and a series of new proposals are offered to


people belonging to lower castes. They are allowed into temples that have
long been reserved for high-caste Hindus, seats reserved for low-caste people
in the legislature, etc.

❖ This reservation also applies to "adivasis" or predetermined tribes and castes.


The constitution promises that everyone, including the untouchables (or they
are called harijans), have access to education and health services.

❖ There are many differences of opinion about the power of the central
government and the development of the country. Some people advocate a
"strong center", while others advocate autonomy and freedom for the
provinces. The Constituent Assembly considered all opinions and proposed
some solutions.

❖ The Constitution proposes three thematic lists, the Union List is the first of
them. Tax, defense and foreign affairs are listed here as exclusive core
responsibilities.

❖ The list of countries followed closely, mainly responsible for health and
education.

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❖ The concurrent list is the last list that requires the center and states to
participate in agriculture, forestry, and other fields.

❖ Although there are many contributors to the formulation of the Constitution,


the contribution of Dr. BR Ambedkar cannot be ignored. He is the chairman
of the drafting committee and is responsible for overseeing the comprehensive
formulation of the constitution.

❖ The concept of "one person, one vote, one value" has become obvious and
exists in the political structure of India.

● State formation
❖ The Indian National Assembly pledged to develop the states according to the
language background. However, religious divisions have led to riots between
Hindus and Muslims, so ministers such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar
Vallabhbhai Patel opposed the developing provinces supported by language
groups.

❖ But many parts of the country opposed this decision, especially during the
Madras presidency, because the people there wanted to establish a separate
Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speakers.
❖ Potti Sriramulu, a Gandhi veteran, started fasting in Andhra Pradesh and died
after fasting for 58 days. Finally, Andhra Pradesh was born as a state of India
on October 1, 1953.

❖ But this has actually led to more similar demands from other provinces and
language communities. In order to solve this problem, a national
reorganization committee was established. They proposed an idea to develop
Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Assamese, Oriya, and Ka Different
provinces in Nada, and re-delineated borders.

● Development Plan
❖ The Planning Committee was established in 1950. Its main responsibility is
to formulate policies that are conducive to economic development in
accordance with the "mixed economy" model. The private and public sectors

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work together in this regard, thereby increasing productivity and creating
more jobs.

❖ The Planning Commission formulated a five-year plan. The first five-year


plan was extended between 1951 and 1956 with a budget of Rs. 20.69 billion
rupees. The plan mainly focuses on agriculture, energy, irrigation,
transportation and communications, social services, industry, and
rehabilitation of land-lost farmers. 2.1% is the target growth rate, reaching
3.6%.

❖ The Twelfth Five-Year Plan (1956-1961) deals primarily with rapid


industrialization. rupee. With an investment of 48 billion yuan, other fields
such as electricity and water conservation, transportation and communications
have also received attention.

❖ The third five-year plan (1961-1966) was mainly affected by the Sino-Indian
war in 1962, the war against Palestine in 196566 and the drought of 1965.
Therefore, achieving the target growth rate is a tragic failure .

❖ The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974) followed the planned vacations


during Indira Gandhi's tenure as Prime Minister. The two most famous events
during this period were the Green Revolution and the (clandestine) Smiling
Buddha Nuclear Test.
❖ The "Five Year Plan" (1974-1978) pays more attention to justice, poverty
alleviation and employment. During this period, India's National Highway
System and Minimum Demand Plan were introduced.
❖ From then until 1980, the rolling plan continued and the two sixth year plans
were rejected by the Janata Party and the Indian National Assembly,
respectively.

❖ Plan 6 (1980-1985) has to do with economic liberalization. The National


Agricultural and Rural Development Bank (NABARD) was established, and
family planning became more and more important. It was during this five-
year plan period that the target growth rate was exceeded.

● After Independence: India Today

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❖ As in 2020, India celebrates the 73rd anniversary of its independence from
British slavery. Maintaining unity in diversity and becoming the world’s
largest democracy are two things that indigenous peoples are proud of.

❖ So far, India has held 17 general elections.

❖ The country has a free press and an independent judiciary.


❖ Although languages, beliefs, religions and cultures are different, although
many people are skeptical, this country remains united.

❖ The problem of the untouchables has not been completely eradicated.

❖ Discrimination between rich and poor is on the rise.


❖ Although the Constitution emphasizes equality, it seems to be less and less in
reality.

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