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DSP-3 Mid

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22 views

DSP-3 Mid

Uploaded by

Lover Boy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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LECTURE 3

Chapter 2
Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications
- Book by John G Proakis and Dimitris Manolakis , 4th Edition
DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS
ELEMENTARY DISCRETE SIGNALS

Unit Step Sequence, u(n)

Unit Impulse Sequence, δ(n)

Unit Ramp Sequence, r(n)

Real Exponential Sequence, aˣ

Complex Exponential Sequence, ex+jy

Unit Ramp Sequence, r(n)


ELEMENTARY DISCRETE SIGNALS
• Unit Impulse Sequence:
ELEMENTARY DISCRETE SIGNALS

• Unit Step Function:


ELEMENTARY DISCRETE SIGNALS

• Unit Ramp Function:


ELEMENTARY DISCRETE SIGNALS
• Exponential Sequence:
ELEMENTARY DISCRETE SIGNALS

• Sinusoidal Sequence:
CLASSIFICATION OF DISCRETE
TIME SIGNAL
Based on characteristics

Energy Signal or Power Signal

Periodic or Aperiodic Signal

Even or Odd Signal


ENERGY OR POWER SIGNALS
FIND THE ENERGY AND AVERAGE
POWER OF A UNIT STEP SEQUENCE
PERIODIC OR APERIODIC
SIGNALS
PERIODIC OR APERIODIC SIGNALS
SYMMETRIC(EVEN) & ASYMMETRIC
(ODD) SIGNALS
MANIPULATION OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

1.Time Shifting

2.Time Reversal/ Folding

3. Up sampling

4. Down sampling
TIME SHIFTING
TIME FOLDING
TIME SC ALING

Downsampling, x(2n)

Upsampling, x(n/2)
OTHER OPERATIONS
MATHEMATIC AL PROBLEMS

Continuous Unit Step Discrete Unit Step


𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑢(𝑡 − 5) 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑢 𝑛 − 𝑢(𝑛 − 5)
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS

𝑥 𝑛 = 𝛿 𝑛 − 2𝛿 𝑛 − 2 + 4𝛿(𝑛 + 3)
MATHEMATIC AL PROBLEMS

• Different representations of a discrete time signal:


❖ 𝑥 𝑛 = 3𝛿 𝑛 + 2 + 2𝑢 𝑛 − 2𝑢 𝑛 − 3 = 3,0,2,2,2
↑
𝒙 𝒏 = 𝟑, 𝟎, 𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟐 . 𝒙 −𝒏 = 𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟐, 𝟎, 𝟑 .
↑
Calculate the energy. ↑

𝐸𝑥 = σ∝
−∝ 𝑥(𝑛)
2
= σ2−2 𝑥(𝑛) 2
= 32 + 22 + 22 + 22 =21

Evaluate the even and odd part of x(n)

𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑥(−𝑛)
𝑥𝑒 𝑛 =
2
𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑥(−𝑛)
𝑥𝑜 𝑛 =
2
n -2 -1 0 1 2
x(n) 3 0 2 2 2
x(-n) 2 2 2 0 3

5 5
𝑥𝑒 𝑛 = { , 1, 2, 1, }
2 2
↑
1 1
𝑥𝑒 𝑛 = { , −1, 0, 1, − }
2 2
↑
DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS

x(n) y(n)
CLASSIFIC ATION OF DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS

Static vs. Dynamic

Linear vs. Non-linear

Systems Causal vs. Non-causal

Time invariant vs. Time variant

Stable vs. Unstable


STATIC VS. DYNAMIC
EXAMPLE:

System with memory as y(n)


depends on a past value of
x(n)
TIME INVARIANT VS. TIME VARIANT
TIME INVARIANT VS. TIME
VARIANT
EXAMPLE:
LINEAR VS. NON -LINEAR
EXAMPLE:
C AUSAL VS. NON-CAUSAL
EXAMPLE:
STABLE VS. UNSTABLE
EXAMPLE:

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