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27 views6 pages3719882
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/ 6
United States Patent 1»
Pincus
on 3,719,882
(4s) March 6, 1973
(54)
(76)
(22)
bn
(52)
(51)
[8]
(56)
3,014,176
31585,408,
860,197
RESONANT CIRCUIT APPARATUS FOR
DETECTING ELECTROMAGNETIC
CONDUCTIVE BODIES
Anthony Gedfrey Pincus, 1057 Don
Mills Road, Apt. 204, Don Mills,
Ontario, Canada
Filed: Nov. 12, 1970
Appl. No.: 88,944
Inventor:
US. Cl
Int. Cl...
Field of Search.
. 324/3, 324/5, 324/41
GOly 3/10, GOlv 3/16
.324/3-6, 7, 41
References Cited
UNITED STATES PATENTS
12/1961
wis71
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS
211961 324/41
bonne 28/8
324/4
(Great Britain.
574808 1/1946 Great Britain, 324/3
Primary Examiner—Gerard R. Strecker
Attorney—Douglas 8. Johnson
187) ABSTRACT
‘An apparatus for detecting the presence of elec-
tromagnetic conductive bodies comprises two coils
which are coupled through a high gain, high im-
pedance amplifier and tuning capacitor with the other
end of each coil going to ground so as to form a tank
circuit, The coils are mounted so as to be essentially
de-coupled with their axes mutually perpendicular.
One of the coils is self resonant with a natural reso-
nant frequency in the audio range. The circuit is tuned
to the natural resonant frequency by the tuning
capacitor and inductive coupling between the coils
Proves when the circuit is near an electromagnetic
conductive body. A capacitor circuit is employed to
detect and measure shift in one or more of the tank
circuit parameters including output signal level,
frequency and phase.
53 PATENTEDMAR 61973 3,719,882
5
42 46 50
INTEGRATER &
FILTER
4 48 52
INVENTOR
ANTHONY G: PINCUS
© gtr V foes
Attorney 3,719,882
1
RESONANT CIRCUIT APPARATUS FOR
DETECTING ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTIVE
BODIES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This application relates to an electromagnetic detec-
tor apparatus, and more particularly to an apparatus
for detecting electromagnetic conductive bodies such
as mineral ore bodies. The invention provides a passive
circuit arrangement — i.e, one which has no trans-
mitter — and which does not rely on external alternat-
ing fields as the signal source. Rather, this invention
provides a tuned, but de-coupled, tank circuit which
functions essentially as a Q-multiplier when the coeff
cient of coupling between coils within the tank circuit
is improved. The invention lends itself to be towed in a
“bird” from an aircraft in aeromagnetic survey
procedures, or towed from a boat in survey operations
Cartied out on bodies of water such as lakes, of a8 a
fixed and static system in an installation such as a metal
detector for aircraft luggage and passengers.
The tank circuit of the present invention employs a
positive feedback loop through a common or “circ
ground” connection between the decoupled coils.
Thus, external noise which may be effected by the
coupling coefficient may be overcome to some extent,
as discussed hereafter. At the same time, penetration
characteristics with respect to ore body overburden
ete. may be adjusted, and quantitative survey results
may be determined having regard to the amount of
electromagnetic conductor deposit (e.g., metallic sul
phide bodies) there may bein any given circumstances
The present invention has very low power demand
because it does not rely on a transmitter. Frequencies
used in the circuit of the present invention are most
generally in the audio range so that very simple indicat-
ing apparatus may be used to indicate the detection of
an electromagnetic conductor body by the apparatus
The indicating devices may include simple audio am-
pliers and output speakers, as well as more so-
phisticated display and recording apparatus such as
oscilloscopes, strip recorders, ete.
While the electromagnetic detector apparatus ofthis
invention utilizes two coils having fixed spacial rela-
tionships one tothe other, the spacing between them is
sufficiently small that a “bird”, float or other suitable
housing for at east the tank circuit or tuned circuit por-
tion of the apparatus may be deployed from survey
vehicles including helicopters, fixed wing aircraft,
boats, etc. without the necessity for fixed coil
mountings on the survey vehicle. As noted, the present
invention employs a positive feed-back loop in the
tuned circuit portion thereof, and also comparator cir-
cuit means whereby the shift of a parameter of the
signal within the tuned circuit due to an increase in
coupling between the coils thereof is detected — the
parameter shift being expressed in terms of the com-
parison of the signal parameter to the state thereof
when the tuned circuit i in its quiescent state. There-
fore, the circuit of the present invention tends to
eliminate noise from the output of the apparatus and
the levels thereof, thereby permitting detector calibra-
tion for quantitative survey procedures.
The trade magazine “Mining in Canada”, in an a
cle published in its edition of May, 1969 at pages 19 t0
28, gives a comprehensive summary ofthe applications
10
20
2s
30
35
40
4s
50
3s
6
2
and limitations of airborne electromagnetic systems in
‘mineral exploration, as they were known at that time.
‘The article particularly explains the differences
between rigid boom systems and towed bird systems,
which are active or transmitter-activated systems; pas-
sive and fixed source systems, including AFMAG and
VLF systems; and other semi-airborne systems having
ground to air transmission. Some of the systems
discussed are multiple frequency systems, and most
rely on orthogonal signal components transmitted and
received using coils having fixed spacings and orienta-
tions; and the analysis of the orthogonal components of
such transmitted and received signals. Many difficulties
arise in such systems where one or the other of a trans-
miter of receiver may drift in frequency, or where de-
tection of one or another of the components of a com-
plex signal may be dropped from the signal analysis ap-
paratus because of signal blocking, circuit or com-
ponentfailure, etc.
‘The present invention, being passive, and relying on
coil separation and orientation within a limited spacial
volume and therefore irrespective of the survey vehicle
cor method, and relying instead on the Q-multiplier ef-
fect of a detected electromagnetic conductive body
with respect to the tuned but decoupled tank circuit,
overcomes many of the difficulties of the prior art ap-
paratus and does so with much lower power require-
ment and lower component costs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a low cost, portable, low
power electromagnetic conductive body detecting ap-
paratus
‘The invention further provides a detector apparatus,
including a tuned, decoupled tank circuit and a com:
parator circuit for detecting and signifying a shift of
‘parameter of the signal in
to the state of the parameter of the
circuit when itis in its quiescent state.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention herein disclosed is discussed in greater
