Limitations

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CHEMISTRY CXC SBA IMPLEMENTATION ON
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Name: Camaya Rumble

Title: Redox

Aim: To determine if salt water accelerate rusng

Lab#:11

Date: February 7, 2023

Teacher: Mr. Earle

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Method

1. Diferent types o nails were obtained

2. Nails were placed into separated and test tubes test were labeled.

3. 15ml o salt water was added to the test tube.

4. Test tubes were placed in a closed area or at least 2 weeks.

5. Steps were repeated using diferent soluons

6. Changes were observed and noted.

Results

TABLE SHOWING DIFFERENT SOLTION AND THE CONDITION

OF NAIL

TYPE OF SOLUTION CONDITION OF NAIL

SALT WATER RUSTING
ACID RUSTING
WATER RUSTING
OIL NO RUSTING
AIR NO RUSTING

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PICTURES SHOWING TWO WEEKS RESULTS

PICTURE SHOWING IRON (NAIL) IN AIR

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PICTURE SHOWING IRON (NAIL) IN OIL

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PICTURE SHOWING IRON (NAIL) N WATER

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PICTURE SHOWING IRON (NAIL) IN SALTWATER

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PICTURE SHOWING IRON(NAIL) IN ACID

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Discussion

For iron to become iron oxide, three things are required: iron, water and
oxygen. Here's what happens when the three get together: When a drop o
water hits an iron object, two things begin to happen almost immediately.

First, the water, a good electrolyte, combines with carbon dioxide in the air to
orm a weak carbonic acid, an even beer electrolyte. As the acid is ormed
and the iron dissolved, some o the water will begin to break down into its
component pieces -- hydrogen and oxygen. The ree oxygen and dissolved iron
bond into iron oxide, in the process reeing electrons. The electrons liberated
rom the anode poron o the iron ow to the cathode, which may be a piece
o a metal less electrically reacve than iron, or another point on the piece o
iron itsel.

The chemical compounds ound in liquids like acid rain, seawater and the salt-
loaded spray rom snow-belt roads make them beer electrolytes than pure
water, allowing their presence to speed the process o rusng on iron and

other orms o corrosion on other metals. Proving the hypothesis and result to
be correct.

Reecon

I personally learn that rusng o iron and steel is the most prevalent example
o metallic corrosion. Rusng o exhaust systems and vehicle bodywork, water

pipes, and many sorts o structural steel work are all well-known instances.

The combined acon o air and water on iron causes it to rust. Rusng does
not happen in ully dry air or in the air that is completely devoid o water.
Atmospheric condions and the relave contribuons o the components that
regulate rusng dene the parcular composion o the rust. It is primarily

composed o hydrated erric oxide, so the chemical ormula o rust is

Fe2O3.xH2O it can roughly characterize its ormaon as 4Fe + 3O2 +2xH2O →
2Fe2O3.xH2O The outer surace o iron rusts rst in the presence o wet air,

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and a layer o hydrated erric oxide (rust) is deposited on the surace. This layer
is delicate and porous, and i it becomes too thick, it may all of. The lowest
layers o iron are exposed to the environment, causing them to rust. Iron
eventually loses its strength as the process connues. In addion to our
everyday encounters with this orm o degradaon, corrosion causes plant
shutdowns, waste o valuable resources, loss or contaminaon o product,
reducon in eciency, costly maintenance, and expensive overdesign. It can
also jeopardize saety and inhibit technological progress.

Source o errors
 Too much exposure to metal in the atmosphere.
 Inappropriate surace condions.
 Variaon in temperature around metal.
 The presence o impuries on the metal surace.
 Already rusng iron(nails)

Precauons
 Handle all equipment with care.
 Avoid Skin and eye contact with all chemicals.
 Do not taste or intenonally snif chemicals.
 Wash hands aer experiment

Limitaons

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Moisture: The corrosion o iron is limited to the availability o water in the

environment. Exposure to rains is the most common reason or rusng.

Acid: i the pH o the environment surrounding the metal is low, the rusng
process is quickened. The rusng o iron speeds up when it is exposed to acid
rains. Higher pH inhibits the corrosion o iron.

Salt: Iron tends to rust aster in the sea, due to the presence o various salts.
Saltwater contains many ions that speed up the rusng process via
electrochemical reacons.

Impurity: Pure iron tends to rust more slowly when compared to iron
containing a mixture o metals.

The size o the iron object can also afect the speed o the rusng process. For
example, a large iron object is likely to have small deciencies as a result o the
smelng process. These deciencies are a plaorm or aacks on the metal
rom the environment.

Conclusion
 This experiment demonstrates that rusng requires both air (oxygen)
and moisture to occur.
 This experiment demonstrates that salt water does accelerate rusng.

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