MEASURES OF

CENTRAL
TENDENCY
(GROUPED)
PREPARED BY: MR. JERRY MAE A. RANES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
▪ Define and differentiate each measures of central
tendency for grouped data;
▪ Calculate each measures of central tendency for a given
set of grouped data; and
▪ Interpret the measures of central tendency of grouped
data in the context of a real-world problem or scenario.

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FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION TABLE

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FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
A frequency distribution table is a collection of
observations produced by sorting them into classes
and showing their frequency (or numbers) of
occurrences in each class.

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 PROCEDURE TABLE
STEP 1 Solve for the range.
𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
STEP 2 Compute for the class interval (number of rows or classes).
𝐶𝐼 = 𝑛 (answer must be round off)
STEP 3 Calculate the class size (length of class limits).
𝑅
𝐶= (answer must be round up)
𝐶𝐼
STEP 4 Make a table as shown.

A B C D E F G H I J
Class Limits Tally Frequency Class Mark Class Less than Greater than Relative Less than Greater than
𝑓 𝑋𝑚 Boundaries Cumulative Cumulative Frequency Relative Relative
𝐶𝐵 Frequency Frequency (%) Cumulative Cumulative
< 𝐶𝐹 > 𝐶𝐹 𝑅𝐹% Frequency Frequency
< 𝑅𝐶𝐹 > 𝑅𝐶𝐹

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #1
When 40 students were surveyed at Valenzuela City, they
reported the distance they drove to the school and the
results (in km.) are given below:
2 8 1 5 9 5 14 10
15 4 10 6 5 5 1 8
25 40 31 24 20 20 3 9
25 8 1 1 16 23 18 25
31 20 12 10 15 15 21 12

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #2
In a study of 40 women, the following data of blood
potassium levels in milliequivalents per liter were obtained.
Construct a frequency distribution table.
3.2 5.3 6.0 4.5 4.2 4.3 2.7 5.1
4.9 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.9 4.9 4.0 5.2
3.8 5.1 4.3 4.4 3.8 5.6 4.2 4.7
3.6 5.3 4.2 5.8 3.7 3.7 4.3 4.5
3.4 3.6 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.9

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MEAN FOR
GROUPED DATA

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PROCEDURE TABLE
STEP 1 Make a table as shown.
A B C D
Class Frequency 𝑓 Midpoint 𝑋𝑚 𝑓 ∙ 𝑋𝑚

STEP 2 Find the midpoints of each class and place them in

column C.
STEP 3 Multiply the frequency by the midpoint for each class,
and place the product in column D.
STEP 4 Find the sum of column D.
STEP 5 Divide the sum obtained in column D by the sum of the
frequencies obtained in column B.

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MEAN FORMULA:
σ 𝑓 ∙ 𝑋𝑚
𝑥ҧ =
𝑛
Note: The symbol σ 𝑓 ∙ 𝑋𝑚 mean to find the sum of the
product of the frequency (𝑓) and the midpoint (𝑋𝑚 ) for
each class.

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ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #1
The table below shows the frequency distribution of the
scores of students in statistics, find the mean.
Class (score) Frequency (no. of students)
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 23
60 – 69 42
70 – 79 62
80 – 89 58
90 – 99 17
n = 210

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MEDIAN FOR
GROUPED DATA

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PROCEDURE TABLE
𝑛
STEP 1 Calculate , where n is the number of observation.
2
STEP 2 Construct the less than cumulative frequency distribution
(< 𝐶𝐹𝐷).
STEP 3 Starting from the top, locate the value of < 𝐶𝐹𝐷 column that
𝑛
is greater than or equal to for the first time. The class
2
interval corresponding to that value is the median class.
STEP 4 Approximate the median using the formula.

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MEDIAN FORMULA:
𝑛
−< 𝐶𝐹𝑀𝑑−1
𝑥෤ = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑑 + 𝐶 2
𝑓𝑀𝑑

Where:
𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑑 lower class boundary of the median class
𝐶 class size
𝑛 number of observations
< 𝐶𝐹𝑀𝑑−1 less than cumulative frequency preceding the
median class
𝑓𝑀𝑑 frequency of median class

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ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #1
The table below shows the frequency distribution of the
scores of students in statistics, find the median.
Class (score) Frequency (no. of students)
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 23
60 – 69 42
70 – 79 62
80 – 89 58
90 – 99 17
n = 210

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MODE FOR
GROUPED DATA

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PROCEDURE TABLE
STEP 1 Locate the modal class. For frequency
distributions with equal class size, the modal
class is the class interval with the highest
frequency.
STEP 2 Approximate the mode.

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MODE FORMULA:
𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶
2 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2

Where:
𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 lower class boundary of the modal class
𝐶 class size
𝑓𝑀𝑜 frequency of the modal class
𝑓1 frequency of the class preceding the modal class
𝑓2 frequency of the class following the modal class

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ILLUSTRATIVE
EXAMPLE

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE #1
The table below shows the frequency distribution of the
scores of students in statistics, find the median.
Class (score) Frequency (no. of students)
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 23
60 – 69 42
70 – 79 62
80 – 89 58
90 – 99 17
n = 210

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SPECIAL
CASES

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CASE #1: FIRST CLASS IS THE MODAL CLASS

Number of
Age in years
patients
5 – 15 23
16 -26 11
27 – 37 14
38 – 48 15
49 – 59 13

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CASE #1: FIRST CLASS IS THE MODAL CLASS

Number of
Age in years 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
patients 𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶
2 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
5 – 15 23
16 -26 11
23 − 0
27 – 37 14 𝑥ො = 4.5 + 11
2 23 − 0 − 11
38 – 48 15
49 – 59 13

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CASE #2: LAST CLASS IS THE MODAL CLASS

Number of
Age in years
patients
5 – 15 6
16 -26 11
27 – 37 14
38 – 48 15
49 – 59 20

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CASE #2: LAST CLASS IS THE MODAL CLASS

Number of
Age in years 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
patients 𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶
2 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
5 – 15 6
16 -26 11
20 − 15
27 – 37 14 𝑥ො = 48.5 + 11
2 20 − 15 − 0
38 – 48 15
49 – 59 20

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CASE #3: TWO OR MORE ADJACENT CLASSES
ARE THE MODAL CLASS
Life time
frequency
(in hours) 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶
0 – 19 10 2 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
20 - 39 35
40 – 59 61 61 − 35
𝑥ො = 39.5 + 20
60 – 79 61 2 61 − 35 − 61
80 – 99 38
100 – 119 29

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CASE #3: TWO OR MORE ADJACENT CLASSES
ARE THE MODAL CLASS
Life time
frequency
(in hours) 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶
0 – 19 10 2 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
20 - 39 35
40 – 59 61 61 − 61
𝑥ො = 59.5 + 20
60 – 79 61 2 61 − 61 − 38
80 – 99 38
100 – 119 29

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CASE #4: NOT ADJACENT CLASSES ARE THE
MODAL CLASS
Life time
frequency
(in hours)
0 – 19 10
20 - 39 61 𝑥ො = 3 𝑥෤ − 2 𝑥ҧ
40 – 59 35
60 – 79 61
80 – 99 38
100 – 119 29

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CASE #5: MODAL CLASS DOES NOT EXIST

Life time (in

frequency
hours)
0 – 19 10
20 - 39 10 𝑥ො = 𝑛𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒
40 – 59 10
60 – 79 10
80 – 99 10
100 – 119 10

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ASSIGNMENT
The frequency distribution shows the salaries (in billion
pesos) for a specific year of the top 25 CEOs in the
Philippines. Find the mean, median, and mode.
Class (in million pesos) Frequency
1.6 – 1.9 13
2.0 – 2.3 6
2.4 – 2.7 4
2.8 – 3.1 1
3.2– 3.5 1
n = 25

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SEATWORK
The number of days that children were missing from school
due to sickness in one year was recorded.
Number of days off sick Frequency
1-5 12
6-10 11
11-15 10
16-20 4
21-25 3

Estimate the mean, median, and mode.

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