MSC Classification Codes

00-xx: General
00-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
00-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
00Axx: General and miscellaneous specific topics
00A05: General mathematics
00A06: Mathematics for nonmathematicians (engineering, social sciences, etc.)
00A07: Problem books
00A08: Recreational mathematics
00A15: Bibliographies
00A17: External book reviews
00A20: Dictionaries and other general reference works
00A22: Formularies
00A30: Philosophy of mathematics
00A35: Methodology of mathematics, didactics
00A69: General applied mathematics
00A71: Theory of mathematical modeling
00A72: General methods of simulation
00A73: Dimensional analysis
00A79: Physics (use more specific entries from Sections 70 through 86 when
possible)
00A99: Miscellaneous topics
00Bxx: Conference proceedings and collections of papers
00B05: Collections of abstracts of lectures
00B10: Collections of articles of general interest
00B15: Collections of articles of miscellaneous specific content
00B20: Proceedings of conferences of general interest
00B25: Proceedings of conferences of miscellaneous specific interest
00B30: Festschriften
00B50: Volumes of selected translations
00B55: Miscellaneous volumes of translations
00B60: Collections of reprinted articles
01-xx: History and biography
01-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
01-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
01-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
01-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
01-08: Computational methods
01Axx: History of mathematics and mathematicians
01A05: General histories, source books
01A07: Ethnomathematics, general
01A10: Paleolithic, Neolithic
01A12: Indigenous cultures of the Americas
01A13: Other indigenous cultures (non-European)
01A15: Indigenous European cultures (pre-Greek, etc.)
01A16: Egyptian
01A17: Babylonian
01A20: Greek, Roman
01A25: China
01A27: Japan
 01A29: Southeast Asia
01A30: Islam (Medieval)
01A32: India
01A35: Medieval
01A40: 15th and 16th centuries, Renaissance
01A45: 17th century
01A50: 18th century
01A55: 19th century
01A60: 20th century
01A61: Twenty-first century
01A65: Contemporary
01A67: Future prospectives
01A70: Biographies, obituaries, personalia, bibliographies
01A72: Schools of mathematics
01A73: Universities
01A74: Other institutions and academies
01A75: Collected or selected works; reprintings or translations of classics
01A80: Sociology (and profession) of mathematics
01A85: Historiography
01A90: Bibliographic studies
01A99: Miscellaneous topics
03-xx: Mathematical logic and foundations
03-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
03-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
03-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
03-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
03-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
03-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
03A05: Philosophical and critical
03Bxx: General logic
03B05: Classical propositional logic
03B10: Classical first-order logic
03B15: Higher-order logic and type theory
03B20: Subsystems of classical logic (including intuitionistic logic)
03B22: Abstract deductive systems
03B25: Decidability of theories and sets of sentences
03B30: Foundations of classical theories (including reverse mathematics)
03B35: Mechanization of proofs and logical operations
03B40: Combinatory logic and lambda-calculus
03B42: Logic of knowledge and belief
03B44: Temporal logic
03B45: Modal logic
03B47: Substructural logics (including relevance, entailment, linear logic,
Lambek calculus, BCK and BCI logics)
03B48: Probability and inductive logic
03B50: Many-valued logic
03B52: Fuzzy logic; logic of vagueness
03B53: Logics admitting inconsistency (paraconsistent logics, discussive logics,
etc.)
 03B55: Intermediate logics
03B60: Other nonclassical logic
03B65: Logic of natural languages
03B70: Logic in computer science
03B80: Other applications of logic
03B99: None of the above, but in this section
03Cxx: Model theory
03C05: Equational classes, universal algebra
03C07: Basic properties of first-order languages and structures
03C10: Quantifier elimination, model completeness and related topics
03C13: Finite structures
03C15: Denumerable structures
03C20: Ultraproducts and related constructions
03C25: Model-theoretic forcing
03C30: Other model constructions
03C35: Categoricity and completeness of theories
03C40: Interpolation, preservation, definability
03C45: Classification theory, stability and related concepts
03C50: Models with special properties (saturated, rigid, etc.)
03C52: Properties of classes of models
03C55: Set-theoretic model theory
03C57: Effective and recursion-theoretic model theory
03C60: Model-theoretic algebra
03C62: Models of arithmetic and set theory
03C64: Model theory of ordered structures; o-minimality
03C65: Models of other mathematical theories
03C68: Other classical first-order model theory
03C70: Logic on admissible sets
03C75: Other infinitary logic
03C80: Logic with extra quantifiers and operators
03C85: Second- and higher-order model theory
03C90: Nonclassical models (Boolean-valued, sheaf, etc.)
03C95: Abstract model theory
03C98: Applications of model theory
03C99: None of the above, but in this section
03Dxx: Computability and recursion theory
03D03: Thue and Post systems, etc.
03D05: Automata and formal grammars in connection with logical questions
03D10: Turing machines and related notions
03D15: Complexity of computation
03D20: Recursive functions and relations, subrecursive hierarchies
03D25: Recursively (computably) enumerable sets and degrees
03D28: Other Turing degree structures
03D30: Other degrees and reducibilities
03D35: Undecidability and degrees of sets of sentences
03D40: Word problems, etc.
03D45: Theory of numerations, effectively presented structures
03D50: Recursive equivalence types of sets and structures, isols
03D55: Hierarchies
03D60: Computability and recursion theory on ordinals, admissible sets, etc.
03D65: Higher-type and set recursion theory
 03D70: Inductive definability
03D75: Abstract and axiomatic computability and recursion theory
03D80: Applications of computability and recursion theory
03D99: None of the above, but in this section
03Exx: Set theory
03E02: Partition relations
03E04: Ordered sets and their cofinalities; pcf theory
03E05: Other combinatorial set theory
03E10: Ordinal and cardinal numbers
03E15: Descriptive set theory
03E17: Cardinal characteristics of the continuum
03E20: Other classical set theory (including functions, relations, and set
algebra)
03E25: Axiom of choice and related propositions
03E30: Axiomatics of classical set theory and its fragments
03E35: Consistency and independence results
03E40: Other aspects of forcing and Boolean-valued models
03E45: Inner models, including constructibility, ordinal definability, and core
models
03E47: Other notions of set-theoretic definability
03E50: Continuum hypothesis and Martin's axiom
03E55: Large cardinals
03E60: Determinacy principles
03E65: Other hypotheses and axioms
03E70: Nonclassical and second-order set theories
03E72: Fuzzy set theory
03E75: Applications of set theory
03E99: None of the above, but in this section
03Fxx: Proof theory and constructive mathematics
03F03: Proof theory, general
03F05: Cut-elimination and normal-form theorems
03F07: Structure of proofs
03F10: Functionals in proof theory
03F15: Recursive ordinals and ordinal notations
03F20: Complexity of proofs
03F25: Relative consistency and interpretations
03F30: First-order arithmetic and fragments
03F35: Second- and higher-order arithmetic and fragments
03F40: Gödel numberings in proof theory
03F45: Provability logics and related algebras (e.g., diagonalizable algebras)
03F50: Metamathematics of constructive systems
03F52: Linear logic and other substructural logics
03F55: Intuitionistic mathematics
03F60: Constructive and recursive analysis
03F65: Other constructive mathematics
03F99: None of the above, but in this section
03Gxx: Algebraic logic
03G05: Boolean algebras
03G10: Lattices and related structures
03G12: Quantum logic
03G15: Cylindric and polyadic algebras; relation algebras
 03G20: Lukasiewicz and Post algebras
03G25: Other algebras related to logic
03G30: Categorical logic, topoi
03G99: None of the above, but in this section
03Hxx: Nonstandard models
03H05: Nonstandard models in mathematics
03H10: Other applications of nonstandard models (economics, physics, etc.)
03H15: Nonstandard models of arithmetic
03H99: None of the above, but in this section
05-xx: Combinatorics
05-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
05-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
05-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
05-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
05-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
05-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
05Axx: Enumerative combinatorics
05A05: Combinatorial choice problems (subsets, representatives,
permutations)
05A10: Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions
05A15: Exact enumeration problems, generating functions
05A16: Asymptotic enumeration
05A17: Partitions of integers
05A18: Partitions of sets
05A19: Combinatorial identities
05A20: Combinatorial inequalities
05A30: $q$-calculus and related topics
05A40: Umbral calculus
05A99: None of the above, but in this section
05Bxx: Designs and configurations
05B05: Block designs
05B07: Triple systems
05B10: Difference sets (number-theoretic, group-theoretic, etc.)
05B15: Orthogonal arrays, Latin squares, Room squares
05B20: Matrices (incidence, Hadamard, etc.)
05B25: Finite geometries
05B30: Other designs, configurations
05B35: Matroids, geometric lattices
05B40: Packing and covering
05B45: Tessellation and tiling problems
05B50: Polyominoes
05B99: None of the above, but in this section
05Cxx: Graph theory
05C05: Trees
05C07: Degree sequences
05C10: Topological graph theory, imbedding
05C12: Distance in graphs
05C15: Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs
05C17: Perfect graphs
 05C20: Directed graphs (digraphs), tournaments
05C22: Signed, gain and biased graphs
05C25: Graphs and groups
05C30: Enumeration of graphs and maps
05C35: Extremal problems
05C38: Paths and cycles
05C40: Connectivity
05C45: Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs
05C50: Graphs and matrices
05C55: Generalized Ramsey theory
05C60: Isomorphism problems (reconstruction conjecture, etc.)
05C62: Graph representations (geometric and intersection representations,
etc.)
05C65: Hypergraphs
05C69: Dominating sets, independent sets, cliques
05C70: Factorization, matching, covering and packing
05C75: Structural characterization of types of graphs
05C78: Graph labelling (graceful graphs, bandwidth, etc.)
05C80: Random graphs
05C83: Graph minors
05C85: Graph algorithms
05C90: Applications
05C99: None of the above, but in this section
05Dxx: Extremal combinatorics
05D05: Extremal set theory
05D10: Ramsey theory
05D15: Transversal (matching) theory
05D40: Probabilistic methods
05D99: None of the above, but in this section
05Exx: Algebraic combinatorics
05E05: Symmetric functions
05E10: Tableaux, representations of the symmetric group
05E15: Combinatorial problems concerning the classical groups
05E20: Group actions on designs, geometries and codes
05E25: Group actions on posets and homology groups of posets
05E30: Association schemes, strongly regular graphs
05E35: Orthogonal polynomials
05E99: None of the above, but in this section
06-xx: Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures
06-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
06-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
06-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
06-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
06-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
06-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
06Axx: Ordered sets
06A05: Total order
06A06: Partial order, general
06A07: Combinatorics of partially ordered sets
 06A11: Algebraic aspects of posets
06A12: Semilattices
06A15: Galois correspondences, closure operators
06A99: None of the above, but in this section
06Bxx: Lattices
06B05: Structure theory
06B10: Ideals, congruence relations
06B15: Representation theory
06B20: Varieties of lattices
06B23: Complete lattices, completions
06B25: Free lattices, projective lattices, word problems
06B30: Topological lattices, order topologies
06B35: Continuous lattices and posets, applications
06B99: None of the above, but in this section
06Cxx: Modular lattices, complemented lattices
06C05: Modular lattices, Desarguesian lattices
06C10: Semimodular lattices, geometric lattices
06C15: Complemented lattices, orthocomplemented lattices and posets
06C20: Complemented modular lattices, continuous geometries
06C99: None of the above, but in this section
06Dxx: Distributive lattices
06D05: Structure and representation theory
06D10: Complete distributivity
06D15: Pseudocomplemented lattices
06D20: Heyting algebras
06D22: Frames, locales
06D25: Post algebras
06D30: De Morgan algebras, Lukasiewicz algebras
06D35: MV-algebras
06D50: Lattices and duality
06D72: Fuzzy lattices (soft algebras) and related topics
06D99: None of the above, but in this section
06Exx: Boolean algebras (Boolean rings)
06E05: Structure theory
06E10: Chain conditions, complete algebras
06E15: Stone space and related constructions
06E20: Ring-theoretic properties
06E25: Boolean algebras with additional operations (diagonalizable algebras,
etc.)
06E30: Boolean functions
06E99: None of the above, but in this section
06Fxx: Ordered structures
06F05: Ordered semigroups and monoids
06F07: Quantales
06F10: Noether lattices
06F15: Ordered groups
06F20: Ordered abelian groups, Riesz groups, ordered linear spaces
06F25: Ordered rings, algebras, modules
06F30: Topological lattices, order topologies
06F35: BCK-algebras, BCI-algebras
06F99: None of the above, but in this section
08-xx: General algebraic systems
08-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
08-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
08-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
08-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
08-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
08-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
08Axx: Algebraic structures
08A02: Relational systems, laws of composition
08A05: Structure theory
08A30: Subalgebras, congruence relations
08A35: Automorphisms, endomorphisms
08A40: Operations, polynomials, primal algebras
08A45: Equational compactness
08A50: Word problems
08A55: Partial algebras
08A60: Unary algebras
08A62: Finitary algebras
08A65: Infinitary algebras
08A68: Heterogeneous algebras
08A70: Applications of universal algebra in computer science
08A72: Fuzzy algebraic structures
08A99: None of the above, but in this section
08Bxx: Varieties
08B05: Equational logic, Malcev (Maltsev) conditions
08B10: Congruence modularity, congruence distributivity
08B15: Lattices of varieties
08B20: Free algebras
08B25: Products, amalgamated products, and other kinds of limits and colimits
08B26: Subdirect products and subdirect irreducibility
08B30: Injectives, projectives
08B99: None of the above, but in this section
08Cxx: Other classes of algebras
08C05: Categories of algebras
08C10: Axiomatic model classes
08C15: Quasivarieties
08C99: None of the above, but in this section
11-xx: Number theory
11-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
11-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
11-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
11-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
11-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
11-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
11Axx: Elementary number theory
11A05: Multiplicative structure; Euclidean algorithm; greatest common
divisors
 11A07: Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems
11A15: Power residues, reciprocity
11A25: Arithmetic functions; related numbers; inversion formulas
11A41: Primes
11A51: Factorization; primality
11A55: Continued fractions
11A63: Radix representation; digital problems
11A67: Other representations
11A99: None of the above, but in this section
11Bxx: Sequences and sets
11B05: Density, gaps, topology
11B13: Additive bases
11B25: Arithmetic progressions
11B34: Representation functions
11B37: Recurrences
11B39: Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and polynomials and generalizations
11B50: Sequences (mod $m$)
11B57: Farey sequences; the sequences ${1^k, 2^k, \cdots]$
11B65: Binomial coefficients; factorials; $q$-identities
11B68: Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials
11B73: Bell and Stirling numbers
11B75: Other combinatorial number theory
11B83: Special sequences and polynomials
11B85: Automata sequences
11B99: None of the above, but in this section
11Cxx: Polynomials and matrices
11C08: Polynomials
11C20: Matrices, determinants
11C99: None of the above, but in this section
11Dxx: Diophantine equations
11D04: Linear equations
11D09: Quadratic and bilinear equations
11D25: Cubic and quartic equations
11D41: Higher degree equations; Fermat's equation
11D45: Counting solutions of Diophantine equations
11D57: Multiplicative and norm form equations
11D59: Thue-Mahler equations
11D61: Exponential equations
11D68: Rational numbers as sums of fractions
11D72: Equations in many variables
11D75: Diophantine inequalities
11D79: Congruences in many variables
11D85: Representation problems
11D88: $p$-adic and power series fields
11D99: None of the above, but in this section
11Exx: Forms and linear algebraic groups
11E04: Quadratic forms over general fields
11E08: Quadratic forms over local rings and fields
11E10: Forms over real fields
11E12: Quadratic forms over global rings and fields
11E16: General binary quadratic forms
 11E20: General ternary and quaternary quadratic forms; forms of more than
two variables
11E25: Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic
forms
11E39: Bilinear and Hermitian forms
11E41: Class numbers of quadratic and Hermitian forms
11E45: Analytic theory (Epstein zeta functions; relations with automorphic
forms and functions)
11E57: Classical groups
11E70: $K$-theory of quadratic and Hermitian forms
11E72: Galois cohomology of linear algebraic groups
11E76: Forms of degree higher than two
11E81: Algebraic theory of quadratic forms; Witt groups and rings
11E88: Quadratic spaces; Clifford algebras
11E95: $p$-adic theory
11E99: None of the above, but in this section
11Fxx: Discontinuous groups and automorphic forms
11F03: Modular and automorphic functions
11F06: Structure of modular groups and generalizations; arithmetic groups
11F11: Modular forms, one variable
11F12: Automorphic forms, one variable
11F20: Dedekind eta function, Dedekind sums
11F22: Relationship to Lie algebras and finite simple groups
11F23: Relations with algebraic geometry and topology
11F25: Hecke-Petersson operators, differential operators (one variable)
11F27: Theta series; Weil representation
11F30: Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms
11F32: Modular correspondences, etc.
11F33: Congruences for modular and $p$-adic modular forms
11F37: Forms of half-integer weight; nonholomorphic modular forms
11F41: Hilbert and Hilbert-Siegel modular groups and their modular and
automorphic forms; Hilbert modular surfaces
11F46: Siegel modular groups and their modular and automorphic forms
11F50: Jacobi forms
11F52: Modular forms associated to Drinfel'd modules
11F55: Other groups and their modular and automorphic forms (several
variables)
11F60: Hecke-Petersson operators, differential operators (several variables)
11F66: Dirichlet series and functional equations in connection with modular
forms
11F67: Special values of automorphic $L$-series, periods of modular forms,
cohomology, modular symbols
11F70: Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over
local and global fields
11F72: Spectral theory; Selberg trace formula
11F75: Cohomology of arithmetic groups
11F80: Galois representations
11F85: $p$-adic theory, local fields
11F99: None of the above, but in this section
11Gxx: Arithmetic algebraic geometry (Diophantine geometry)
11G05: Elliptic curves over global fields
 11G07: Elliptic curves over local fields
11G09: Drinfeld modules; higher-dimensional motives, etc.
11G10: Abelian varieties of dimension $\gtr 1$
11G15: Complex multiplication and moduli of abelian varieties
11G16: Elliptic and modular units
11G18: Arithmetic aspects of modular and Shimura varieties
11G20: Curves over finite and local fields
11G25: Varieties over finite and local fields
11G30: Curves of arbitrary genus or genus $\ne 1$ over global fields
11G35: Varieties over global fields
11G40: $L$-functions of varieties over global fields; Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer
conjecture
11G45: Geometric class field theory
11G50: Heights
11G55: Polylogarithms and relations with $K$-theory
11G99: None of the above, but in this section
11Hxx: Geometry of numbers
11H06: Lattices and convex bodies
11H16: Nonconvex bodies
11H31: Lattice packing and covering
11H46: Products of linear forms
11H50: Minima of forms
11H55: Quadratic forms (reduction theory, extreme forms, etc.)
11H56: Automorphism groups of lattices
11H60: Mean value and transfer theorems
11H71: Relations with coding theory
11H99: None of the above, but in this section
11Jxx: Diophantine approximation, transcendental number theory
11J04: Homogeneous approximation to one number
11J06: Markov and Lagrange spectra and generalizations
11J13: Simultaneous homogeneous approximation, linear forms
11J17: Approximation by numbers from a fixed field
11J20: Inhomogeneous linear forms
11J25: Diophantine inequalities
11J54: Small fractional parts of polynomials and generalizations
11J61: Approximation in non-Archimedean valuations
11J68: Approximation to algebraic numbers
11J70: Continued fractions and generalizations
11J71: Distribution modulo one
11J72: Irrationality; linear independence over a field
11J81: Transcendence (general theory)
11J82: Measures of irrationality and of transcendence
11J83: Metric theory
11J85: Algebraic independence; Gelfond's method
11J86: Linear forms in logarithms; Baker's method
11J89: Transcendence theory of elliptic and abelian functions
11J91: Transcendence theory of other special functions
11J93: Transcendence theory of Drinfel'd and $t$-modules
11J95: Results involving abelian varieties
11J97: Analogues of methods in Nevanlinna theory (work of Vojta et al.)
11J99: None of the above, but in this section
11Kxx: Probabilistic theory: distribution modulo $1$; metric theory of algorithms
11K06: General theory of distribution modulo $1$
11K16: Normal numbers, radix expansions, etc.
11K31: Special sequences
11K36: Well-distributed sequences and other variations
11K38: Irregularities of distribution, discrepancy
11K41: Continuous, $p$-adic and abstract analogues
11K45: Pseudo-random numbers; Monte Carlo methods
11K50: Metric theory of continued fractions
11K55: Metric theory of other algorithms and expansions; measure and
Hausdorff dimension
11K60: Diophantine approximation
11K65: Arithmetic functions
11K70: Harmonic analysis and almost periodicity
11K99: None of the above, but in this section
11Lxx: Exponential sums and character sums
11L03: Trigonometric and exponential sums, general
11L05: Gauss and Kloosterman sums; generalizations
11L07: Estimates on exponential sums
11L10: Jacobsthal and Brewer sums; other complete character sums
11L15: Weyl sums
11L20: Sums over primes
11L26: Sums over arbitrary intervals
11L40: Estimates on character sums
11L99: None of the above, but in this section
11Mxx: Zeta and $L$-functions: analytic theory
11M06: $\zeta (s)$ and $L(s, \chi)$
11M20: Real zeros of $L(s, \chi)$; results on $L(1, \chi)$
11M26: Nonreal zeros of $\zeta (s)$ and $L(s, \chi)$; Riemann and other
hypotheses
11M35: Hurwitz and Lerch zeta functions
11M36: Selberg zeta functions and regularized determinants; applications to
spectral theory, Dirichlet series, Eisenstein series, etc. Explicit formulas
11M38: Zeta and $L$-functions in characteristic $p$
11M41: Other Dirichlet series and zeta functions
11M45: Tauberian theorems
11M99: None of the above, but in this section
11Nxx: Multiplicative number theory
11N05: Distribution of primes
11N13: Primes in progressions
11N25: Distribution of integers with specified multiplicative constraints
11N30: Turán theory
11N32: Primes represented by polynomials; other multiplicative structure of
polynomial values
11N35: Sieves
11N36: Applications of sieve methods
11N37: Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions
11N45: Asymptotic results on counting functions for algebraic and topological
structures
11N56: Rate of growth of arithmetic functions
 11N60: Distribution functions associated with additive and positive
multiplicative functions
11N64: Other results on the distribution of values or the characterization of
arithmetic functions
11N69: Distribution of integers in special residue classes
11N75: Applications of automorphic functions and forms to multiplicative
problems
11N80: Generalized primes and integers
11N99: None of the above, but in this section
11Pxx: Additive number theory; partitions
11P05: Waring's problem and variants
11P21: Lattice points in specified regions
11P32: Goldbach-type theorems; other additive questions involving primes
11P55: Applications of the Hardy-Littlewood method
11P70: Inverse problems of additive number theory
11P81: Elementary theory of partitions
11P82: Analytic theory of partitions
11P83: Partitions; congruences and congruential restrictions
11P99: None of the above, but in this section
11Rxx: Algebraic number theory: global fields
11R04: Algebraic numbers; rings of algebraic integers
11R06: PV-numbers and generalizations; other special algebraic numbers
11R09: Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.)
11R11: Quadratic extensions
11R16: Cubic and quartic extensions
11R18: Cyclotomic extensions
11R20: Other abelian and metabelian extensions
11R21: Other number fields
11R23: Iwasawa theory
11R27: Units and factorization
11R29: Class numbers, class groups, discriminants
11R32: Galois theory
11R33: Integral representations related to algebraic numbers; Galois module
structure of rings of integers
11R34: Galois cohomology
11R37: Class field theory
11R39: Langlands-Weil conjectures, nonabelian class field theory
11R42: Zeta functions and $L$-functions of number fields
11R44: Distribution of prime ideals
11R45: Density theorems
11R47: Other analytic theory
11R52: Quaternion and other division algebras: arithmetic, zeta functions
11R54: Other algebras and orders, and their zeta and $L$-functions
11R56: Adèle rings and groups
11R58: Arithmetic theory of algebraic function fields
11R60: Cyclotomic function fields (class groups, Bernoulli objects, etc.)
11R65: Class groups and Picard groups of orders
11R70: $K$-theory of global fields
11R80: Totally real and totally positive fields
11R99: None of the above, but in this section
11Sxx: Algebraic number theory: local and $p$-adic fields
 11S05: Polynomials
11S15: Ramification and extension theory
11S20: Galois theory
11S23: Integral representations
11S25: Galois cohomology
11S31: Class field theory; $p$-adic formal groups
11S37: Langlands-Weil conjectures, nonabelian class field theory
11S40: Zeta functions and $L$-functions
11S45: Algebras and orders, and their zeta functions
11S70: $K$-theory of local fields
11S80: Other analytic theory (analogues of beta and gamma functions, $p$-adic
integration, etc.)
11S85: Other nonanalytic theory
11S90: Prehomogeneous vector spaces
11S99: None of the above, but in this section
11Txx: Finite fields and commutative rings (number-theoretic aspects)
11T06: Polynomials
11T22: Cyclotomy
11T23: Exponential sums
11T24: Other character sums and Gauss sums
11T30: Structure theory
11T55: Arithmetic theory of polynomial rings over finite fields
11T60: Finite upper half-planes
11T71: Algebraic coding theory; cryptography
11T99: None of the above, but in this section
11Uxx: Connections with logic
11U05: Decidability
11U07: Ultraproducts
11U09: Model theory
11U10: Nonstandard arithmetic
11U99: None of the above, but in this section
11Yxx: Computational number theory
11Y05: Factorization
11Y11: Primality
11Y16: Algorithms; complexity
11Y35: Analytic computations
11Y40: Algebraic number theory computations
11Y50: Computer solution of Diophantine equations
11Y55: Calculation of integer sequences
11Y60: Evaluation of constants
11Y65: Continued fraction calculations
11Y70: Values of arithmetic functions; tables
11Y99: None of the above, but in this section
11Z05: Miscellaneous applications of number theory
12-xx: Field theory and polynomials
12-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
12-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
12-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
12-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
12-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
12-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
12Dxx: Real and complex fields
12D05: Polynomials: factorization
12D10: Polynomials: location of zeros (algebraic theorems)
12D15: Fields related with sums of squares (formally real fields, Pythagorean
fields, etc.)
12D99: None of the above, but in this section
12Exx: General field theory
12E05: Polynomials (irreducibility, etc.)
12E10: Special polynomials
12E12: Equations
12E15: Skew fields, division rings
12E20: Finite fields (field-theoretic aspects)
12E25: Hilbertian fields; Hilbert's irreducibility theorem
12E30: Field arithmetic
12E99: None of the above, but in this section
12Fxx: Field extensions
12F05: Algebraic extensions
12F10: Separable extensions, Galois theory
12F12: Inverse Galois theory
12F15: Inseparable extensions
12F20: Transcendental extensions
12F99: None of the above, but in this section
12Gxx: Homological methods (field theory)
12G05: Galois cohomology
12G10: Cohomological dimension
12G99: None of the above, but in this section
12Hxx: Differential and difference algebra
12H05: Differential algebra
12H10: Difference algebra
12H20: Abstract differential equations
12H25: $p$-adic differential equations
12H99: None of the above, but in this section
12Jxx: Topological fields
12J05: Normed fields
12J10: Valued fields
12J12: Formally $p$-adic fields
12J15: Ordered fields
12J17: Topological semifields
12J20: General valuation theory
12J25: Non-Archimedean valued fields
12J27: Krasner-Tate algebras
12J99: None of the above, but in this section
12Kxx: Generalizations of fields
12K05: Near-fields
12K10: Semifields
12K99: None of the above, but in this section
12Lxx: Connections with logic
12L05: Decidability
 12L10: Ultraproducts
12L12: Model theory
12L15: Nonstandard arithmetic
12L99: None of the above, but in this section
12Y05: Computational aspects of field theory and polynomials
13-xx: Commutative rings and algebras
13-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
13-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
13-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
13-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
13-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
13-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
13Axx: General commutative ring theory
13A02: Graded rings
13A05: Divisibility
13A10: Radical theory
13A15: Ideals; multiplicative ideal theory
13A18: Valuations and their generalizations
13A30: Associated graded rings of ideals (Rees ring, form ring), analytic spread
and related topics
13A35: Characteristic $p$ methods (Frobenius endomorphism) and reduction
to characteristic $p$; tight closure
13A50: Actions of groups on commutative rings; invariant theory
13A99: None of the above, but in this section
13Bxx: Ring extensions and related topics
13B02: Extension theory
13B05: Galois theory
13B10: Morphisms
13B21: Integral dependence
13B22: Integral closure of rings and ideals; integrally closed rings, related rings
(Japanese, etc.)
13B24: Going up; going down; going between
13B25: Polynomials over commutative rings
13B30: Quotients and localization
13B35: Completion
13B40: Étale and flat extensions; Henselization; Artin approximation
13B99: None of the above, but in this section
13Cxx: Theory of modules and ideals
13C05: Structure, classification theorems
13C10: Projective and free modules and ideals
13C11: Injective and flat modules and ideals
13C12: Torsion modules and ideals
13C13: Other special types
13C14: Cohen-Macaulay modules
13C15: Dimension theory, depth, related rings (catenary, etc.)
13C20: Class groups
13C40: Linkage, complete intersections and determinantal ideals
13C99: None of the above, but in this section
13Dxx: Homological methods
 13D02: Syzygies and resolutions
13D03: (Co)homology of commutative rings and algebras (e.g., Hochschild,
André-Quillen, cyclic, dihedral, etc.)
13D05: Homological dimension
13D07: Homological functors on modules (Tor, Ext, etc.)
13D10: Deformations and infinitesimal methods
13D15: Grothendieck groups, $K$-theory
13D22: Homological conjectures (intersection theorems)
13D25: Complexes
13D30: Torsion theory
13D40: Hilbert-Samuel and Hilbert-Kunz functions; Poincaré series
13D45: Local cohomology
13D99: None of the above, but in this section
13Exx: Chain conditions, finiteness conditions
13E05: Noetherian rings and modules
13E10: Artinian rings and modules, finite-dimensional algebras
13E15: Rings and modules of finite generation or presentation; number of
generators
13E99: None of the above, but in this section
13Fxx: Arithmetic rings and other special rings
13F05: Dedekind, Prüfer and Krull rings and their generalizations
13F07: Euclidean rings and generalizations
13F10: Principal ideal rings
13F15: Factorial rings, unique factorization domains
13F20: Polynomial rings and ideals; rings of integer-valued polynomials
13F25: Formal power series rings
13F30: Valuation rings
13F40: Excellent rings
13F45: Seminormal rings
13F50: Rings with straightening laws, Hodge algebras
13F55: Face and Stanley-Reisner rings; simplicial complexes
13F99: None of the above, but in this section
13G05: Integral domains
13Hxx: Local rings and semilocal rings
13H05: Regular local rings
13H10: Special types (Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein, Buchsbaum, etc.)
13H15: Multiplicity theory and related topics
13H99: None of the above, but in this section
13Jxx: Topological rings and modules
13J05: Power series rings
13J07: Analytical algebras and rings
13J10: Complete rings, completion
13J15: Henselian rings
13J20: Global topological rings
13J25: Ordered rings
13J30: Real algebra
13J99: None of the above, but in this section
13K05: Witt vectors and related rings
13L05: Applications of logic to commutative algebra
13Mxx: Finite commutative rings
13M05: Structure
 13M10: Polynomials
13M99: None of the above, but in this section
13Nxx: Differential algebra
13N05: Modules of differentials
13N10: Rings of differential operators and their modules
13N15: Derivations
13N99: None of the above, but in this section
13Pxx: Computational aspects of commutative algebra
13P05: Polynomials, factorization
13P10: Polynomial ideals, Gröbner bases
13P99: None of the above, but in this section
14-xx: Algebraic geometry
14-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
14-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
14-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
14-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
14-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
14-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
14Axx: Foundations
14A05: Relevant commutative algebra
14A10: Varieties and morphisms
14A15: Schemes and morphisms
14A20: Generalizations (algebraic spaces, stacks)
14A22: Noncommutative algebraic geometry
14A25: Elementary questions
14A99: None of the above, but in this section
14Bxx: Local theory
14B05: Singularities
14B07: Deformations of singularities
14B10: Infinitesimal methods
14B12: Local deformation theory, Artin approximation, etc.
14B15: Local cohomology
14B20: Formal neighborhoods
14B25: Local structure of morphisms: étale, flat, etc.
14B99: None of the above, but in this section
14Cxx: Cycles and subschemes
14C05: Parametrization (Chow and Hilbert schemes)
14C15: Chow groups and rings
14C17: Intersection theory, characteristic classes, intersection multiplicities
14C20: Divisors, linear systems, invertible sheaves
14C21: Pencils, nets, webs
14C22: Picard groups
14C25: Algebraic cycles
14C30: Transcendental methods, Hodge theory, Hodge conjecture
14C34: Torelli problem
14C35: Applications of methods of algebraic $K$-theory
14C40: Riemann-Roch theorems
14C99: None of the above, but in this section
14Dxx: Families, fibrations
 14D05: Structure of families (Picard-Lefschetz, monodromy, etc.)
14D06: Fibrations, degenerations
14D07: Variation of Hodge structures
14D10: Arithmetic ground fields (finite, local, global)
14D15: Formal methods; deformations
14D20: Algebraic moduli problems, moduli of vector bundles
14D21: Applications of vector bundles and moduli spaces in mathematical
physics (twistor theory, instantons, quantum field theory)
14D22: Fine and coarse moduli spaces
14D99: None of the above, but in this section
14Exx: Birational geometry
14E05: Rational and birational maps
14E07: Birational automorphisms, Cremona group and generalizations
14E08: Rationality questions
14E15: Global theory and resolution of singularities
14E20: Coverings
14E22: Ramification problems
14E25: Embeddings
14E30: Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays)
14E99: None of the above, but in this section
14Fxx: (Co)homology theory
14F05: Vector bundles, sheaves, related constructions
14F10: Differentials and other special sheaves
14F17: Vanishing theorems
14F20: Étale and other Grothendieck topologies and cohomologies
14F22: Brauer groups of schemes
14F25: Classical real and complex cohomology
14F30: $p$-adic cohomology, crystalline cohomology
14F35: Homotopy theory; fundamental groups
14F40: de Rham cohomology
14F42: Motivic cohomology
14F43: Other algebro-geometric (co)homologies (e.g., intersection, equivariant,
Lawson, Deligne (co)homologies)
14F45: Topological properties
14F99: None of the above, but in this section
14Gxx: Arithmetic problems. Diophantine geometry
14G05: Rational points
14G10: Zeta-functions and related questions(Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer
conjecture)
14G15: Finite ground fields
14G20: Local ground fields
14G22: Rigid analytic geometry
14G25: Global ground fields
14G27: Other nonalgebraically closed ground fields
14G32: Universal profinite groups (relationship to moduli spaces, projective
and moduli towers, Galois theory)
14G35: Modular and Shimura varieties
14G40: Arithmetic varieties and schemes; Arakelov theory; heights
14G50: Applications to coding theory and cryptography
14G99: None of the above, but in this section
14Hxx: Curves
 14H05: Algebraic functions; function fields
14H10: Families, moduli (algebraic)
14H15: Families, moduli (analytic)
14H20: Singularities, local rings
14H25: Arithmetic ground fields
14H30: Coverings, fundamental group
14H37: Automorphisms
14H40: Jacobians, Prym varieties
14H42: Theta functions; Schottky problem
14H45: Special curves and curves of low genus
14H50: Plane and space curves
14H51: Special divisors (gonality, Brill-Noether theory)
14H52: Elliptic curves
14H55: Riemann surfaces; Weierstrass points; gap sequences
14H60: Vector bundles on curves and their moduli
14H70: Relationships with integrable systems
14H81: Relationships with physics
14H99: None of the above, but in this section
14Jxx: Surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties
14J10: Families, moduli, classification: algebraic theory
14J15: Moduli, classification: analytic theory; relations with modular forms
14J17: Singularities
14J20: Arithmetic ground fields
14J25: Special surfaces
14J26: Rational and ruled surfaces
14J27: Elliptic surfaces
14J28: $K3$ surfaces and Enriques surfaces
14J29: Surfaces of general type
14J30: $3$-folds
14J32: Calabi-Yau manifolds, mirror symmetry
14J35: $4$-folds
14J40: $n$-folds ($n>4$)
14J45: Fano varieties
14J50: Automorphisms of surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties
14J60: Vector bundles on surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties, and their
moduli
14J70: Hypersurfaces
14J80: Topology of surfaces (Donaldson polynomials, Seiberg-Witten
invariants)
14J81: Relationships with physics
14J99: None of the above, but in this section
14Kxx: Abelian varieties and schemes
14K02: Isogeny
14K05: Algebraic theory
14K10: Algebraic moduli, classification
14K12: Subvarieties
14K15: Arithmetic ground fields
14K20: Analytic theory; abelian integrals and differentials
14K22: Complex multiplication
14K25: Theta functions
14K30: Picard schemes, higher Jacobians
 14K99: None of the above, but in this section
14Lxx: Algebraic groups
14L05: Formal groups, $p$-divisible groups
14L10: Group varieties
14L15: Group schemes
14L17: Affine algebraic groups, hyperalgebra constructions
14L24: Geometric invariant theory
14L30: Group actions on varieties or schemes (quotients)
14L35: Classical groups (geometric aspects)
14L40: Other algebraic groups (geometric aspects)
14L99: None of the above, but in this section
14Mxx: Special varieties
14M05: Varieties defined by ring conditions (factorial, Cohen-Macaulay,
seminormal)
14M06: Linkage
14M07: Low codimension problems
14M10: Complete intersections
14M12: Determinantal varieties
14M15: Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds
14M17: Homogeneous spaces and generalizations
14M20: Rational and unirational varieties
14M25: Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra
14M30: Supervarieties
14M99: None of the above, but in this section
14Nxx: Projective and enumerative geometry
14N05: Projective techniques
14N10: Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems)
14N15: Classical problems, Schubert calculus
14N20: Configurations of linear subspaces
14N25: Varieties of low degree
14N30: Adjunction problems
14N35: Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology
14N99: None of the above, but in this section
14Pxx: Real algebraic and real analytic geometry
14P05: Real algebraic sets
14P10: Semialgebraic sets and related spaces
14P15: Real analytic and semianalytic sets
14P20: Nash functions and manifolds
14P25: Topology of real algebraic varieties
14P99: None of the above, but in this section
14Qxx: Computational aspects in algebraic geometry
14Q05: Curves
14Q10: Surfaces, hypersurfaces
14Q15: Higher-dimensional varieties
14Q20: Effectivity
14Q99: None of the above, but in this section
14Rxx: Affine geometry
14R05: Classification of affine varieties
14R10: Affine spaces (automorphisms, embeddings, exotic structures,
cancellation problem)
14R15: Jacobian problem
 14R20: Group actions on affine varieties
14R25: Affine fibrations
14R99: None of the above, but in this section
15-xx: Linear and multilinear algebra; matrix theory
15-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
15-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
15-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
15-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
15-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
15-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
15A03: Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank
15A04: Linear transformations, semilinear transformations
15A06: Linear equations
15A09: Matrix inversion, generalized inverses
15A12: Conditioning of matrices
15A15: Determinants, permanents, other special matrix functions
15A18: Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors
15A21: Canonical forms, reductions, classification
15A22: Matrix pencils
15A23: Factorization of matrices
15A24: Matrix equations and identities
15A27: Commutativity
15A29: Inverse problems
15A30: Algebraic systems of matrices
15A33: Matrices over special rings (quaternions, finite fields, etc.)
15A36: Matrices of integers
15A39: Linear inequalities
15A42: Inequalities involving eigenvalues and eigenvectors
15A45: Miscellaneous inequalities involving matrices
15A48: Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones of matrices
15A51: Stochastic matrices
15A52: Random matrices
15A54: Matrices over function rings in one or more variables
15A57: Other types of matrices (Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, etc.)
15A60: Norms of matrices, numerical range, applications of functional analysis
to matrix theory
15A63: Quadratic and bilinear forms, inner products
15A66: Clifford algebras, spinors
15A69: Multilinear algebra, tensor products
15A72: Vector and tensor algebra, theory of invariants
15A75: Exterior algebra, Grassmann algebras
15A78: Other algebras built from modules
15A90: Applications of matrix theory to physics
15A99: Miscellaneous topics
16-xx: Associative rings and algebras
16-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
16-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
16-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
16-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
16-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
16-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
16Bxx: General and miscellaneous
16B50: Category-theoretic methods and results (except as in 16D90)
16B70: Applications of logic
16B99: None of the above, but in this section
16Dxx: Modules, bimodules and ideals
16D10: General module theory
16D20: Bimodules
16D25: Ideals
16D30: Infinite-dimensional simple rings (except as in 16Kxx)
16D40: Free, projective, and flat modules and ideals
16D50: Injective modules, self-injective rings
16D60: Simple and semisimple modules, primitive rings and ideals
16D70: Structure and classification (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum
decomposition, cancellation
16D80: Other classes of modules and ideals
16D90: Module categories; module theory in a category-theoretic context;
Morita equivalence and duality
16D99: None of the above, but in this section
16Exx: Homological methods
16E05: Syzygies, resolutions, complexes
16E10: Homological dimension
16E20: Grothendieck groups, $K$-theory, etc.
16E30: Homological functors on modules (Tor, Ext, etc.)
16E40: (Co)homology of rings and algebras (e.g. Hochschild, cyclic, dihedral,
etc.)
16E45: Differential graded algebras and applications
16E50: von Neumann regular rings and generalizations
16E60: Semihereditary and hereditary rings, free ideal rings, Sylvester rings,
etc.
16E65: Homological conditions on rings (generalizations of regular, Gorenstein,
Cohen-Macaulay rings, etc.)
16E99: None of the above, but in this section
16Gxx: Representation theory of rings and algebras
16G10: Representations of Artinian rings
16G20: Representations of quivers and partially ordered sets
16G30: Representations of orders, lattices, algebras over commutative rings
16G50: Cohen-Macaulay modules
16G60: Representation type (finite, tame, wild, etc.)
16G70: Auslander-Reiten sequences (almost split sequences) and Auslander-
Reiten quivers
16G99: None of the above, but in this section
16H05: Orders and arithmetic, separable algebras, Azumaya algebras
16Kxx: Division rings and semisimple Artin rings
16K20: Finite-dimensional
16K40: Infinite-dimensional and general
16K50: Brauer groups
 16K99: None of the above, but in this section
16Lxx: Local rings and generalizations
16L30: Noncommutative local and semilocal rings, perfect rings
16L60: Quasi-Frobenius rings
16L99: None of the above, but in this section
16Nxx: Radicals and radical properties of rings
16N20: Jacobson radical, quasimultiplication
16N40: Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals, rings
16N60: Prime and semiprime rings
16N80: General radicals and rings
16N99: None of the above, but in this section
16Pxx: Chain conditions, growth conditions, and other forms of finiteness
16P10: Finite rings and finite-dimensional algebras
16P20: Artinian rings and modules
16P40: Noetherian rings and modules
16P50: Localization and Noetherian rings
16P60: Chain conditions on annihilators and summands: Goldie-type
conditions, Krull dimension
16P70: Chain conditions on other classes of submodules, ideals, subrings, etc.;
coherence
16P90: Growth rate, Gelfand-Kirillov dimension
16P99: None of the above, but in this section
16Rxx: Rings with polynomial identity
16R10: $T$-ideals, identities, varieties of rings and algebras
16R20: Semiprime p.i. rings, rings embeddable in matrices over commutative
rings
16R30: Trace rings and invariant theory
16R40: Identities other than those of matrices over commutative rings
16R50: Other kinds of identities (generalized polynomial, rational, involution)
16R99: None of the above, but in this section
16Sxx: Rings and algebras arising under various constructions
16S10: Rings determined by universal properties (free algebras, coproducts,
adjunction of inverses, etc.)
16S15: Finite generation, finite presentability, normal forms (diamond lemma,
term-rewriting)
16S20: Centralizing and normalizing extensions
16S30: Universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras
16S32: Rings of differential operators
16S34: Group rings, Laurent polynomial rings
16S35: Twisted and skew group rings, crossed products
16S36: Ordinary and skew polynomial rings and semigroup rings
16S37: Quadratic and Koszul algebras
16S38: Rings arising from non-commutative algebraic geometry
16S40: Smash products of general Hopf actions
16S50: Endomorphism rings; matrix rings
16S60: Rings of functions, subdirect products, sheaves of rings
16S70: Extensions of rings by ideals
16S80: Deformations of rings
16S90: Maximal ring of quotients, torsion theories, radicals on module
categories
16S99: None of the above, but in this section
 16Uxx: Conditions on elements
16U10: Integral domains
16U20: Ore rings, multiplicative sets, Ore localization
16U30: Divisibility, noncommutative UFDs
16U60: Units, groups of units
16U70: Center, normalizer (invariant elements)
16U80: Generalizations of commutativity
16U99: None of the above, but in this section
16Wxx: Rings and algebras with additional structure
16W10: Rings with involution; Lie, Jordan and other nonassociative structures
16W20: Automorphisms and endomorphisms
16W22: Actions of groups and semigroups; invariant theory
16W25: Derivations, actions of Lie algebras
16W30: Coalgebras, bialgebras, Hopf algebras; rings, modules, etc. on which
these act
16W35: Ring-theoretic aspects of quantum groups
16W50: Graded rings and modules
16W55: ``Super'' (or ``skew'') structure
16W60: Valuations, completions, formal power series and related constructions
16W70: Filtered rings; filtrational and graded techniques
16W80: Topological and ordered rings and modules
16W99: None of the above, but in this section
16Yxx: Generalizations
16Y30: Near-rings
16Y60: Semirings
16Y99: None of the above, but in this section
16Z05: Computational aspects of associative rings
17-xx: Nonassociative rings and algebras
17-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
17-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
17-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
17-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
17-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
17-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
17-08: Computational methods
17Axx: General nonassociative rings
17A01: General theory
17A05: Power-associative rings
17A15: Noncommutative Jordan algebras
17A20: Flexible algebras
17A30: Algebras satisfying other identities
17A32: Leibniz algebras
17A35: Division algebras
17A36: Automorphisms, derivations, other operators
17A40: Ternary compositions
17A42: Other $n$-ary compositions $(n \ge 3)$
17A45: Quadratic algebras (but not quadratic Jordan algebras)
17A50: Free algebras
17A60: Structure theory
 17A65: Radical theory
17A70: Superalgebras
17A75: Composition algebras
17A80: Valued algebras
17A99: None of the above, but in this section
17Bxx: Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras
17B01: Identities, free Lie (super)algebras
17B05: Structure theory
17B10: Representations, algebraic theory (weights)
17B15: Representations, analytic theory
17B20: Simple, semisimple, reductive (super)algebras (roots)
17B25: Exceptional (super)algebras
17B30: Solvable, nilpotent (super)algebras
17B35: Universal enveloping (super)algebras
17B37: Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related
deformations
17B40: Automorphisms, derivations, other operators
17B45: Lie algebras of linear algebraic groups
17B50: Modular Lie (super)algebras
17B55: Homological methods in Lie (super)algebras
17B56: Cohomology of Lie (super)algebras
17B60: Lie (super)algebras associated with other structures (associative,
Jordan, etc.)
17B62: Lie bialgebras
17B63: Poisson algebras
17B65: Infinite-dimensional Lie (super)algebras
17B66: Lie algebras of vector fields and related (super) algebras
17B67: Kac-Moody (super)algebras (structure and representation theory)
17B68: Virasoro and related algebras
17B69: Vertex operators; vertex operator algebras and related structures
17B70: Graded Lie (super)algebras
17B75: Color Lie (super)algebras
17B80: Applications to integrable systems
17B81: Applications to physics
17B99: None of the above, but in this section
17Cxx: Jordan algebras (algebras, triples and pairs)
17C05: Identities and free Jordan structures
17C10: Structure theory
17C17: Radicals
17C20: Simple, semisimple algebras
17C27: Idempotents, Peirce decompositions
17C30: Associated groups, automorphisms
17C36: Associated manifolds
17C37: Associated geometries
17C40: Exceptional Jordan structures
17C50: Jordan structures associated with other structures
17C55: Finite-dimensional structures
17C60: Division algebras
17C65: Jordan structures on Banach spaces and algebras
17C70: Super structures
17C90: Applications to physics
 17C99: None of the above, but in this section
17Dxx: Other nonassociative rings and algebras
17D05: Alternative rings
17D10: Malcev (Maltsev) rings and algebras
17D15: Right alternative rings
17D20: $(\gamma, \delta)$-rings, including $(1,-1)$-rings
17D25: Lie-admissible algebras
17D92: Genetic algebras
17D99: None of the above, but in this section
18-xx: Category theory; homological algebra
18-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
18-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
18-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
18-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
18-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
18-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
18Axx: General theory of categories and functors
18A05: Definitions, generalizations
18A10: Graphs, diagram schemes, precategories
18A15: Foundations, relations to logic and deductive systems
18A20: Epimorphisms, monomorphisms, special classes of morphisms, null
morphisms
18A22: Special properties of functors (faithful, full, etc.)
18A23: Natural morphisms, dinatural morphisms
18A25: Functor categories, comma categories
18A30: Limits and colimits (products, sums, directed limits, pushouts, fiber
products, equalizers, kernels, ends and coends, etc.)
18A32: Factorization of morphisms, substructures, quotient structures,
congruences, amalgams
18A35: Categories admitting limits (complete categories), functors preserving
limits, completions
18A40: Adjoint functors (universal constructions, reflective subcategories, Kan
extensions, etc.)
18A99: None of the above, but in this section
18Bxx: Special categories
18B05: Category of sets, characterizations
18B10: Category of relations, additive relations
18B15: Embedding theorems, universal categories
18B20: Categories of machines, automata, operative categories
18B25: Topoi
18B30: Categories of topological spaces and continuous mappings
18B35: Preorders, orders and lattices (viewed as categories)
18B40: Groupoids, semigroupoids, semigroups, groups (viewed as categories)
18B99: None of the above, but in this section
18Cxx: Categories and theories
18C05: Equational categories
18C10: Theories (e.g. algebraic theories), structure, and semantics
18C15: Triples (= standard construction, monad or triad), algebras for a triple,
homology and derived functors for triples
 18C20: Algebras and Kleisli categories associated with monads
18C30: Sketches and generalizations
18C35: Accessible and locally presentable categories
18C50: Categorical semantics of formal languages
18C99: None of the above, but in this section
18Dxx: Categories with structure
18D05: Double categories, $2$-categories, bicategories and generalizations
18D10: Monoidal categories (= multiplicative categories), symmetric monoidal
categories, braided categories
18D15: Closed categories (closed monoidal and Cartesian closed categories,
etc.)
18D20: Enriched categories (over closed or monoidal categories)
18D25: Strong functors, strong adjunctions
18D30: Fibered categories
18D35: Structured objects in a category (group objects, etc.)
18D50: Operads
18D99: None of the above, but in this section
18Exx: Abelian categories
18E05: Preadditive, additive categories
18E10: Exact categories, abelian categories
18E15: Grothendieck categories
18E20: Embedding theorems
18E25: Derived functors and satellites
18E30: Derived categories, triangulated categories
18E35: Localization of categories
18E40: Torsion theories, radicals
18E99: None of the above, but in this section
18Fxx: Categories and geometry
18F05: Local categories and functors
18F10: Grothendieck topologies
18F15: Abstract manifolds and fiber bundles
18F20: Presheaves and sheaves
18F25: Algebraic $K$-theory and $L$-theory
18F30: Grothendieck groups
18F99: None of the above, but in this section
18Gxx: Homological algebra
18G05: Projectives and injectives
18G10: Resolutions; derived functors
18G15: Ext and Tor, generalizations, Künneth formula
18G20: Homological dimension
18G25: Relative homological algebra, projective classes
18G30: Simplicial sets, simplicial objects (in a category)
18G35: Chain complexes
18G40: Spectral sequences, hypercohomology
18G50: Nonabelian homological algebra
18G55: Homotopical algebra
18G60: Other (co)homology theories
18G99: None of the above, but in this section
19-xx: $K$-theory
19-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
19-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
19-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
19-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
19-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
19-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
19Axx: Grothendieck groups and $K_0$
19A13: Stability for projective modules
19A15: Efficient generation
19A22: Frobenius induction, Burnside and representation rings
19A31: $K_0$ of group rings and orders
19A49: $K_0$ of other rings
19A99: None of the above, but in this section
19Bxx: Whitehead groups and $K_1$
19B10: Stable range conditions
19B14: Stability for linear groups
19B28: $K_1$ of group rings and orders
19B37: Congruence subgroup problems
19B99: None of the above, but in this section
19Cxx: Steinberg groups and $K_2$
19C09: Central extensions and Schur multipliers
19C20: Symbols, presentations and stability of $K_2$
19C30: $K_2$ and the Brauer group
19C40: Excision for $K_2$
19C99: None of the above, but in this section
19Dxx: Higher algebraic $K$-theory
19D06: $Q$- and plus-constructions
19D10: Algebraic $K$-theory of spaces
19D23: Symmetric monoidal categories
19D25: Karoubi-Villamayor-Gersten $K$-theory
19D35: Negative $K$-theory, NK and Nil
19D45: Higher symbols, Milnor $K$-theory
19D50: Computations of higher $K$-theory of rings
19D55: $K$-theory and homology; cyclic homology and cohomology
19D99: None of the above, but in this section
19Exx: $K$-theory in geometry
19E08: $K$-theory of schemes
19E15: Algebraic cycles and motivic cohomology
19E20: Relations with cohomology theories
19E99: None of the above, but in this section
19Fxx: $K$-theory in number theory
19F05: Generalized class field theory
19F15: Symbols and arithmetic
19F27: Étale cohomology, higher regulators, zeta and $L$-functions
19F99: None of the above, but in this section
19Gxx: $K$-theory of forms
19G05: Stability for quadratic modules
19G12: Witt groups of rings
19G24: $L$-theory of group rings
19G38: Hermitian $K$-theory, relations with $K$-theory of rings
19G99: None of the above, but in this section
 19Jxx: Obstructions from topology
19J05: Finiteness and other obstructions in $K_0$
19J10: Whitehead (and related) torsion
19J25: Surgery obstructions
19J35: Obstructions to group actions
19J99: None of the above, but in this section
19Kxx: $K$-theory and operator algebras
19K14: $K_0$ as an ordered group, traces
19K33: EXT and $K$-homology
19K35: Kasparov theory ($KK$-theory)
19K56: Index theory
19K99: None of the above, but in this section
19Lxx: Topological $K$-theory
19L10: Riemann-Roch theorems, Chern characters
19L20: $J$-homomorphism, Adams operations
19L41: Connective $K$-theory, cobordism
19L47: Equivariant $K$-theory
19L64: Computations, geometric applications
19L99: None of the above, but in this section
19M05: Miscellaneous applications of $K$-theory
20-xx: Group theory and generalizations
20-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
20-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
20-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
20-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
20-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
20-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
20Axx: Foundations
20A05: Axiomatics and elementary properties
20A10: Metamathematical considerations
20A15: Applications of logic to group theory
20A99: None of the above, but in this section
20Bxx: Permutation groups
20B05: General theory for finite groups
20B07: General theory for infinite groups
20B10: Characterization theorems
20B15: Primitive groups
20B20: Multiply transitive finite groups
20B22: Multiply transitive infinite groups
20B25: Finite automorphism groups of algebraic, geometric, or combinatorial
structures
20B27: Infinite automorphism groups
20B30: Symmetric groups
20B35: Subgroups of symmetric groups
20B40: Computational methods
20B99: None of the above, but in this section
20Cxx: Representation theory of groups
20C05: Group rings of finite groups and their modules
20C07: Group rings of infinite groups and their modules
 20C08: Hecke algebras and their representations
20C10: Integral representations of finite groups
20C11: $p$-adic representations of finite groups
20C12: Integral representations of infinite groups
20C15: Ordinary representations and characters
20C20: Modular representations and characters
20C25: Projective representations and multipliers
20C30: Representations of finite symmetric groups
20C32: Representations of infinite symmetric groups
20C33: Representations of finite groups of Lie type
20C34: Representations of sporadic groups
20C35: Applications of group representations to physics
20C40: Computational methods
20C99: None of the above, but in this section
20Dxx: Abstract finite groups
20D05: Classification of simple and nonsolvable groups
20D06: Simple groups: alternating groups and groups of Lie type
20D08: Simple groups: sporadic groups
20D10: Solvable groups, theory of formations, Schunck classes, Fitting classes,
$\pi$-length, ranks
20D15: Nilpotent groups, $p$-groups
20D20: Sylow subgroups, Sylow properties, $\pi$-groups, $\pi$-structure
20D25: Special subgroups (Frattini, Fitting, etc.)
20D30: Series and lattices of subgroups
20D35: Subnormal subgroups
20D40: Products of subgroups
20D45: Automorphisms
20D60: Arithmetic and combinatorial problems
20D99: None of the above, but in this section
20Exx: Structure and classification of infinite or finite groups
20E05: Free nonabelian groups
20E06: Free products, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-
Neumann extensions, and generalizations
20E07: Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth
20E08: Groups acting on trees
20E10: Quasivarieties and varieties of groups
20E15: Chains and lattices of subgroups, subnormal subgroups
20E18: Limits, profinite groups
20E22: Extensions, wreath products, and other compositions
20E25: Local properties
20E26: Residual properties and generalizations
20E28: Maximal subgroups
20E32: Simple groups
20E34: General structure theorems
20E36: General theorems concerning automorphisms of groups
20E42: Groups with a $BN$-pair; buildings
20E45: Conjugacy classes
20E99: None of the above, but in this section
20Fxx: Special aspects of infinite or finite groups
20F05: Generators, relations, and presentations
20F06: Cancellation theory; application of van Kampen diagrams
 20F10: Word problems, other decision problems, connections with logic and
automata
20F12: Commutator calculus
20F14: Derived series, central series, and generalizations
20F16: Solvable groups, supersolvable groups
20F17: Formations of groups, Fitting classes
20F18: Nilpotent groups
20F19: Generalizations of solvable and nilpotent groups
20F22: Other classes of groups defined by subgroup chains
20F24: FC-groups and their generalizations
20F28: Automorphism groups of groups
20F29: Representations of groups as automorphism groups of algebraic
systems
20F34: Fundamental groups and their automorphisms
20F36: Braid groups; Artin groups
20F38: Other groups related to topology or analysis
20F40: Associated Lie structures
20F45: Engel conditions
20F50: Periodic groups; locally finite groups
20F55: Reflection and Coxeter groups
20F60: Ordered groups
20F65: Geometric group theory
20F67: Hyperbolic groups and nonpositively curved groups
20F69: Asymptotic properties of groups
20F99: None of the above, but in this section
20Gxx: Linear algebraic groups (classical groups)
20G05: Representation theory
20G10: Cohomology theory
20G15: Linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields
20G20: Linear algebraic groups over the reals, the complexes, the quaternions
20G25: Linear algebraic groups over local fields and their integers
20G30: Linear algebraic groups over global fields and their integers
20G35: Linear algebraic groups over adèles and other rings and schemes
20G40: Linear algebraic groups over finite fields
20G42: Quantum groups (quantized function algebras) and their
representations
20G45: Applications to physics
20G99: None of the above, but in this section
20Hxx: Other groups of matrices
20H05: Unimodular groups, congruence subgroups
20H10: Fuchsian groups and their generalizations
20H15: Other geometric groups, including crystallographic groups
20H20: Other matrix groups over fields
20H25: Other matrix groups over rings
20H30: Other matrix groups over finite fields
20H99: None of the above, but in this section
20Jxx: Connections with homological algebra and category theory
20J05: Homological methods in group theory
20J06: Cohomology of groups
20J15: Category of groups
20J99: None of the above, but in this section
 20Kxx: Abelian groups
20K01: Finite abelian groups
20K10: Torsion groups, primary groups and generalized primary groups
20K15: Torsion-free groups, finite rank
20K20: Torsion-free groups, infinite rank
20K21: Mixed groups
20K25: Direct sums, direct products, etc.
20K27: Subgroups
20K30: Automorphisms, homomorphisms, endomorphisms, etc.
20K35: Extensions
20K40: Homological and categorical methods
20K45: Topological methods
20K99: None of the above, but in this section
20L05: Groupoids (i.e. small categories in which all morphisms are
isomorphisms)
20Mxx: Semigroups
20M05: Free semigroups, generators and relations, word problems
20M07: Varieties of semigroups
20M10: General structure theory
20M11: Radical theory
20M12: Ideal theory
20M14: Commutative semigroups
20M15: Mappings of semigroups
20M17: Regular semigroups
20M18: Inverse semigroups
20M19: Orthodox semigroups
20M20: Semigroups of transformations, etc.
20M25: Semigroup rings, multiplicative semigroups of rings
20M30: Representation of semigroups; actions of semigroups on sets
20M35: Semigroups in automata theory, linguistics, etc.
20M50: Connections of semigroups with homological algebra and category
theory
20M99: None of the above, but in this section
20Nxx: Other generalizations of groups
20N02: Sets with a single binary operation (groupoids)
20N05: Loops, quasigroups
20N10: Ternary systems (heaps, semiheaps, heapoids, etc.)
20N15: $n$-ary systems $(n\ge 3)$
20N20: Hypergroups
20N25: Fuzzy groups
20N99: None of the above, but in this section
20P05: Probabilistic methods in group theory
22-xx: Topological groups, Lie groups
22-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
22-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
22-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
22-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
22-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
22-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
22Axx: Topological and differentiable algebraic systems
22A05: Structure of general topological groups
22A10: Analysis on general topological groups
22A15: Structure of topological semigroups
22A20: Analysis on topological semigroups
22A22: Topological groupoids (including differentiable and Lie groupoids)
22A25: Representations of general topological groups and semigroups
22A26: Topological semilattices, lattices and applications
22A30: Other topological algebraic systems and their representations
22A99: None of the above, but in this section
22Bxx: Locally compact abelian groups (LCA groups)
22B05: General properties and structure of LCA groups
22B10: Structure of group algebras of LCA groups
22B99: None of the above, but in this section
22C05: Compact groups
22Dxx: Locally compact groups and their algebras
22D05: General properties and structure of locally compact groups
22D10: Unitary representations of locally compact groups
22D12: Other representations of locally compact groups
22D15: Group algebras of locally compact groups
22D20: Representations of group algebras
22D25: $C^*$-algebras and $W$*-algebras in relation to group representations
22D30: Induced representations
22D35: Duality theorems
22D40: Ergodic theory on groups
22D45: Automorphism groups of locally compact groups
22D99: None of the above, but in this section
22Exx: Lie groups
22E05: Local Lie groups
22E10: General properties and structure of complex Lie groups
22E15: General properties and structure of real Lie groups
22E20: General properties and structure of other Lie groups
22E25: Nilpotent and solvable Lie groups
22E27: Representations of nilpotent and solvable Lie groups (special orbital
integrals, non-type I representations, etc.)
22E30: Analysis on real and complex Lie groups
22E35: Analysis on $p$-adic Lie groups
22E40: Discrete subgroups of Lie groups
22E41: Continuous cohomology
22E43: Structure and representation of the Lorentz group
22E45: Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over real fields:
analytic methods
22E46: Semisimple Lie groups and their representations
22E47: Representations of Lie and real algebraic groups: algebraic methods
(Verma modules, etc.)
22E50: Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over local fields
22E55: Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over global fields
and adèle rings
22E60: Lie algebras of Lie groups
22E65: Infinite-dimensional Lie groups and their Lie algebras
22E67: Loop groups and related constructions, group-theoretic treatment
 22E70: Applications of Lie groups to physics; explicit representations
22E99: None of the above, but in this section
22Fxx: Noncompact transformation groups
22F05: General theory of group and pseudogroup actions
22F10: Measurable group actions
22F30: Homogeneous spaces
22F50: Groups as automorphisms of other structures
26-xx: Real functions
26-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
26-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
26-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
26-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
26-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
26-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
26Axx: Functions of one variable
26A03: Foundations: limits and generalizations, elementary topology of the line
26A06: One-variable calculus
26A09: Elementary functions
26A12: Rate of growth of functions, orders of infinity, slowly varying functions
26A15: Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity,
semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.)
26A16: Lipschitz (Hölder) classes
26A18: Iteration
26A21: Classification of real functions; Baire classification of sets and functions
26A24: Differentiation (functions of one variable): general theory, generalized
derivatives, mean-value theorems
26A27: Nondifferentiability (nondifferentiable functions, points of
nondifferentiability), discontinuous derivatives
26A30: Singular functions, Cantor functions, functions with other special
properties
26A33: Fractional derivatives and integrals
26A36: Antidifferentiation
26A39: Denjoy and Perron integrals, other special integrals
26A42: Integrals of Riemann, Stieltjes and Lebesgue type
26A45: Functions of bounded variation, generalizations
26A46: Absolutely continuous functions
26A48: Monotonic functions, generalizations
26A51: Convexity, generalizations
26A99: None of the above, but in this section
26Bxx: Functions of several variables
26B05: Continuity and differentiation questions
26B10: Implicit function theorems, Jacobians, transformations with several
variables
26B12: Calculus of vector functions
26B15: Integration: length, area, volume
26B20: Integral formulas (Stokes, Gauss, Green, etc.)
26B25: Convexity, generalizations
26B30: Absolutely continuous functions, functions of bounded variation
 26B35: Special properties of functions of several variables, Hölder conditions,
etc.
26B40: Representation and superposition of functions
26B99: None of the above, but in this section
26Cxx: Polynomials, rational functions
26C05: Polynomials: analytic properties, etc.
26C10: Polynomials: location of zeros
26C15: Rational functions
26C99: None of the above, but in this section
26Dxx: Inequalities
26D05: Inequalities for trigonometric functions and polynomials
26D07: Inequalities involving other types of functions
26D10: Inequalities involving derivatives and differential and integral
operators
26D15: Inequalities for sums, series and integrals
26D20: Other analytical inequalities
26D99: None of the above, but in this section
26Exx: Miscellaneous topics
26E05: Real-analytic functions
26E10: $C^\infty$-functions, quasi-analytic functions
26E15: Calculus of functions on infinite-dimensional spaces
26E20: Calculus of functions taking values in infinite-dimensional spaces
26E25: Set-valued functions
26E30: Non-Archimedean analysis
26E35: Nonstandard analysis
26E40: Constructive real analysis
26E50: Fuzzy real analysis
26E60: Means
26E99: None of the above, but in this section
28-xx: Measure and integration
28-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
28-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
28-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
28-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
28-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
28-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
28Axx: Classical measure theory
28A05: Classes of sets (Borel fields, $\sigma$-rings, etc.), measurable sets, Suslin
sets, analytic sets
28A10: Real- or complex-valued set functions
28A12: Contents, measures, outer measures, capacities
28A15: Abstract differentiation theory, differentiation of set functions
28A20: Measurable and nonmeasurable functions, sequences of measurable
functions, modes of convergence
28A25: Integration with respect to measures and other set functions
28A33: Spaces of measures, convergence of measures
28A35: Measures and integrals in product spaces
28A50: Integration and disintegration of measures
28A51: Lifting theory
 28A60: Measures on Boolean rings, measure algebras
28A75: Length, area, volume, other geometric measure theory
28A78: Hausdorff and packing measures
28A80: Fractals
28A99: None of the above, but in this section
28Bxx: Set functions, measures and integrals with values in abstract spaces
28B05: Vector-valued set functions, measures and integrals
28B10: Group- or semigroup-valued set functions, measures and integrals
28B15: Set functions, measures and integrals with values in ordered spaces
28B20: Set-valued set functions and measures; integration of set-valued
functions; measurable selections
28B99: None of the above, but in this section
28Cxx: Set functions and measures on spaces with additional structure
28C05: Integration theory via linear functionals (Radon measures, Daniell
integrals, etc.), representing set functions and measures
28C10: Set functions and measures on topological groups, Haar measures,
invariant measures
28C15: Set functions and measures on topological spaces (regularity of
measures, etc.)
28C20: Set functions and measures and integrals in infinite-dimensional spaces
(Wiener measure, Gaussian measure, etc.)
28C99: None of the above, but in this section
28Dxx: Measure-theoretic ergodic theory
28D05: Measure-preserving transformations
28D10: One-parameter continuous families of measure-preserving
transformations
28D15: General groups of measure-preserving transformations
28D20: Entropy and other invariants
28D99: None of the above, but in this section
28Exx: Miscellaneous topics in measure theory
28E05: Nonstandard measure theory
28E10: Fuzzy measure theory
28E15: Other connections with logic and set theory
28E99: None of the above, but in this section
30-xx: Functions of a complex variable
30-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
30-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
30-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
30-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
30-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
30-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
30Axx: General properties
30A05: Monogenic properties of complex functions (including polygenic and
areolar monogenic functions)
30A10: Inequalities in the complex domain
30A99: None of the above, but in this section
30Bxx: Series expansions
30B10: Power series (including lacunary series)
30B20: Random power series
 30B30: Boundary behavior of power series, over-convergence
30B40: Analytic continuation
30B50: Dirichlet series and other series expansions, exponential series
30B60: Completeness problems, closure of a system of functions
30B70: Continued fractions
30B99: None of the above, but in this section
30Cxx: Geometric function theory
30C10: Polynomials
30C15: Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions
(e.g. zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral)
30C20: Conformal mappings of special domains
30C25: Covering theorems in conformal mapping theory
30C30: Numerical methods in conformal mapping theory
30C35: General theory of conformal mappings
30C40: Kernel functions and applications
30C45: Special classes of univalent and multivalent functions (starlike, convex,
bounded rotation, etc.)
30C50: Coefficient problems for univalent and multivalent functions
30C55: General theory of univalent and multivalent functions
30C62: Quasiconformal mappings in the plane
30C65: Quasiconformal mappings in $<B>R</B>^n$, other generalizations
30C70: Extremal problems for conformal and quasiconformal mappings,
variational methods
30C75: Extremal problems for conformal and quasiconformal mappings, other
methods
30C80: Maximum principle; Schwarz's lemma, Lindelöf principle, analogues
and generalizations; subordination
30C85: Capacity and harmonic measure in the complex plane
30C99: None of the above, but in this section
30Dxx: Entire and meromorphic functions, and related topics
30D05: Functional equations in the complex domain, iteration and composition
of analytic functions
30D10: Representations of entire functions by series and integrals
30D15: Special classes of entire functions and growth estimates
30D20: Entire functions, general theory
30D30: Meromorphic functions, general theory
30D35: Distribution of values, Nevanlinna theory
30D40: Cluster sets, prime ends, boundary behavior
30D45: Bloch functions, normal functions, normal families
30D50: Blaschke products, bounded mean oscillation, bounded characteristic,
bounded functions, functions with positive real part
30D55: ${H]^p$-classes
30D60: Quasi-analytic and other classes of functions
30D99: None of the above, but in this section
30Exx: Miscellaneous topics of analysis in the complex domain
30E05: Moment problems, interpolation problems
30E10: Approximation in the complex domain
30E15: Asymptotic representations in the complex domain
30E20: Integration, integrals of Cauchy type, integral representations of
analytic functions
30E25: Boundary value problems
 30E99: None of the above, but in this section
30Fxx: Riemann surfaces
30F10: Compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization
30F15: Harmonic functions on Riemann surfaces
30F20: Classification theory of Riemann surfaces
30F25: Ideal boundary theory
30F30: Differentials on Riemann surfaces
30F35: Fuchsian groups and automorphic functions
30F40: Kleinian groups
30F45: Conformal metrics (hyperbolic, Poincaré, distance functions)
30F50: Klein surfaces
30F60: Teichmüller theory
30F99: None of the above, but in this section
30Gxx: Generalized function theory
30G06: Non-Archimedean function theory; nonstandard function theory
30G12: Finely holomorphic functions and topological function theory
30G20: Generalizations of Bers or Vekua type (pseudoanalytic, $p$-analytic,
etc.)
30G25: Discrete analytic functions
30G30: Other generalizations of analytic functions (including abstract-valued
functions)
30G35: Functions of hypercomplex variables and generalized variables
30G99: None of the above, but in this section
30H05: Spaces and algebras of analytic functions
31-xx: Potential theory
31-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
31-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
31-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
31-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
31-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
31-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
31Axx: Two-dimensional theory
31A05: Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions
31A10: Integral representations, integral operators, integral equations methods
31A15: Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, extremal length
31A20: Boundary behavior (theorems of Fatou type, etc.)
31A25: Boundary value and inverse problems
31A30: Biharmonic, polyharmonic functions and equations, Poisson's equation
31A35: Connections with differential equations
31A99: None of the above, but in this section
31Bxx: Higher-dimensional theory
31B05: Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions
31B10: Integral representations, integral operators, integral equations methods
31B15: Potentials and capacities, extremal length
31B20: Boundary value and inverse problems
31B25: Boundary behavior
31B30: Biharmonic and polyharmonic equations and functions
31B35: Connections with differential equations
31B99: None of the above, but in this section
 31Cxx: Other generalizations
31C05: Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions
31C10: Pluriharmonic and plurisubharmonic functions
31C12: Potential theory on Riemannian manifolds
31C15: Potentials and capacities
31C20: Discrete potential theory and numerical methods
31C25: Dirichlet spaces
31C35: Martin boundary theory
31C40: Fine potential theory
31C45: Other generalizations (nonlinear potential theory, etc.)
31C99: None of the above, but in this section
31D05: Axiomatic potential theory
32-xx: Several complex variables and analytic spaces
32-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
32-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
32-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
32-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
32-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
32-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
32Axx: Holomorphic functions of several complex variables
32A05: Power series, series of functions
32A07: Special domains (Reinhardt, Hartogs, circular, tube)
32A10: Holomorphic functions
32A12: Multifunctions
32A15: Entire functions
32A17: Special families of functions
32A18: Bloch functions, normal functions
32A19: Normal families of functions, mappings
32A20: Meromorphic functions
32A22: Nevanlinna theory (local); growth estimates; other inequalities
32A25: Integral representations; canonical kernels (Szegó, Bergman, etc.)
32A26: Integral representations, constructed kernels (e.g. Cauchy, Fantappiè-
type kernels)
32A27: Local theory of residues
32A30: Other generalizations of function theory of one complex variable
(should also be assigned at least one classification number from Section 30)
32A35: ${H]^p$-spaces, Nevanlinna spaces
32A36: Bergman spaces
32A37: Other spaces of holomorphic functions (e.g. bounded mean oscillation
(BMOA), vanishing mean oscillation (VMOA))
32A38: Algebras of holomorphic functions
32A40: Boundary behavior of holomorphic functions
32A45: Hyperfunctions
32A50: Harmonic analysis of several complex variables
32A55: Singular integrals
32A60: Zero sets of holomorphic functions
32A65: Banach algebra techniques
32A70: Functional analysis techniques
32A99: None of the above, but in this section
32Bxx: Local analytic geometry
32B05: Analytic algebras and generalizations, preparation theorems
32B10: Germs of analytic sets, local parametrization
32B15: Analytic subsets of affine space
32B20: Semi-analytic sets and subanalytic sets
32B25: Triangulation and related questions
32B99: None of the above, but in this section
32Cxx: Analytic spaces
32C05: Real-analytic manifolds, real-analytic spaces
32C07: Real-analytic sets, complex Nash functions
32C09: Embedding of real analytic manifolds
32C11: Complex supergeometry
32C15: Complex spaces
32C18: Topology of analytic spaces
32C20: Normal analytic spaces
32C22: Embedding of analytic spaces
32C25: Analytic subsets and submanifolds
32C30: Integration on analytic sets and spaces, currents
32C35: Analytic sheaves and cohomology groups
32C36: Local cohomology of analytic spaces
32C37: Duality theorems
32C38: Sheaves of differential operators and their modules, $D$-modules
32C55: The Levi problem in complex spaces; generalizations
32C81: Applications to physics
32C99: None of the above, but in this section
32Dxx: Analytic continuation
32D05: Domains of holomorphy
32D10: Envelopes of holomorphy
32D15: Continuation of analytic objects
32D20: Removable singularities
32D26: Riemann domains
32D99: None of the above, but in this section
32Exx: Holomorphic convexity
32E05: Holomorphically convex complex spaces, reduction theory
32E10: Stein spaces, Stein manifolds
32E20: Polynomial convexity
32E30: Holomorphic and polynomial approximation, Runge pairs,
interpolation
32E35: Global boundary behavior of holomorphic functions
32E40: The Levi problem
32E99: None of the above, but in this section
32Fxx: Geometric convexity
32F10: $q$-convexity, $q$-concavity
32F17: Other notions of convexity
32F18: Finite-type conditions
32F27: Topological consequences of geometric convexity
32F32: Analytical consequences of geometric convexity (vanishing theorems,
etc.)
32F45: Invariant metrics and pseudodistances
32F99: None of the above, but in this section
32Gxx: Deformations of analytic structures
 32G05: Deformations of complex structures
32G07: Deformations of special (e.g. CR) structures
32G08: Deformations of fiber bundles
32G10: Deformations of submanifolds and subspaces
32G13: Analytic moduli problems
32G15: Moduli of Riemann surfaces, Teichmüller theory
32G20: Period matrices, variation of Hodge structure; degenerations
32G34: Moduli and deformations for ordinary differential equations (e.g.
Khnizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation)
32G81: Applications to physics
32G99: None of the above, but in this section
32Hxx: Holomorphic mappings and correspondences
32H02: Holomorphic mappings, (holomorphic) embeddings and related
questions
32H04: Meromorphic mappings
32H12: Boundary uniqueness of mappings
32H25: Picard-type theorems and generalizations
32H30: Value distribution theory in higher dimensions
32H35: Proper mappings, finiteness theorems
32H40: Boundary regularity of mappings
32H50: Iteration problems
32H99: None of the above, but in this section
32Jxx: Compact analytic spaces
32J05: Compactification of analytic spaces
32J10: Algebraic dependence theorems
32J15: Compact surfaces
32J17: Compact $3$-folds
32J18: Compact $n$-folds
32J25: Transcendental methods of algebraic geometry
32J27: Compact Kähler manifolds: generalizations, classification
32J81: Applications to physics
32J99: None of the above, but in this section
32Kxx: Generalizations of analytic spaces (should also be assigned at least one other
classification number from Section 32 describing the type of problem)
32K05: Banach analytic spaces
32K07: Formal and graded complex spaces
32K15: Differentiable functions on analytic spaces, differentiable spaces
32K99: None of the above, but in this section
32Lxx: Holomorphic fiber spaces
32L05: Holomorphic bundles and generalizations
32L10: Sheaves and cohomology of sections of holomorphic vector bundles,
general results
32L15: Bundle convexity
32L20: Vanishing theorems
32L25: Twistor theory, double fibrations
32L81: Applications to physics
32L99: None of the above, but in this section
32Mxx: Complex spaces with a group of automorphisms
32M05: Complex Lie groups, automorphism groups acting on complex spaces
32M10: Homogeneous complex manifolds
32M12: Almost homogeneous manifolds and spaces
 32M15: Hermitian symmetric spaces, bounded symmetric domains, Jordan
algebras
32M17: Automorphism groups of ${\bf C]^n$ and affine manifolds
32M25: Complex vector fields
32M99: None of the above, but in this section
32Nxx: Automorphic functions
32N05: General theory of automorphic functions of several complex variables
32N10: Automorphic forms
32N15: Automorphic functions in symmetric domains
32N99: None of the above, but in this section
32P05: Non-Archimedean complex analysis (should also be assigned at least
one other classification number from Section 32 describing the type of
problem)
32Qxx: Complex manifolds
32Q05: Negative curvature manifolds
32Q10: Positive curvature manifolds
32Q15: Kähler manifolds
32Q20: Kähler-Einstein manifolds
32Q25: Calabi-Yau theory
32Q28: Stein manifolds
32Q30: Uniformization
32Q35: Complex manifolds as subdomains of Euclidean space
32Q40: Embedding theorems
32Q45: Hyperbolic and Kobayashi hyperbolic manifolds
32Q55: Topological aspects of complex manifolds
32Q57: Classification theorems
32Q60: Almost complex manifolds
32Q65: Pseudoholomorphic curves
32Q99: None of the above, but in this section
32Sxx: Singularities
32S05: Local singularities
32S10: Invariants of analytic local rings
32S15: Equisingularity (topological and analytic)
32S20: Global theory of singularities; cohomological properties
32S22: Relations with arrangements of hyperplanes
32S25: Surface and hypersurface singularities
32S30: Deformations of singularities; vanishing cycles
32S35: Mixed Hodge theory of singular varieties
32S40: Monodromy; relations with differential equations and $D$-modules
32S45: Modifications; resolution of singularities
32S50: Topological aspects: Lefschetz theorems, topological classification,
invariants
32S55: Milnor fibration; relations with knot theory
32S60: Stratifications; constructible sheaves; intersection cohomology
32S65: Singularities of holomorphic vector fields and foliations
32S70: Other operations on singularities
32S99: None of the above, but in this section
32Txx: Pseudoconvex domains
32T05: Domains of holomorphy
32T15: Strongly pseudoconvex domains
32T20: Worm domains
 32T25: Finite type domains
32T27: Geometric and analytic invariants on weakly pseudoconvex boundaries
32T35: Exhaustion functions
32T40: Peak functions
32T99: None of the above, but in this section
32Uxx: Pluripotential theory
32U05: Plurisubharmonic functions and generalizations
32U10: Plurisubharmonic exhaustion functions
32U15: General pluripotential theory
32U20: Capacity theory and generalizations
32U25: Lelong numbers
32U30: Removable sets
32U35: Pluricomplex Green functions
32U40: Currents
32U99: None of the above, but in this section
32Vxx: CR manifolds
32V05: CR structures, CR operators, and generalizations
32V10: CR functions
32V15: CR manifolds as boundaries of domains
32V20: Analysis on CR manifolds
32V25: Extension of functions and other analytic objects from CR manifolds
32V30: Embeddings of CR manifolds
32V35: Finite type conditions on CR manifolds
32V40: Real submanifolds in complex manifolds
32V99: None of the above, but in this section
32Wxx: Differential operators in several variables
32W05: $\overline\partial$ and $\overline\partial$-Neumann operators
32W10: $\overline\partial_b$ and $\overline\partial_b$-Neumann operators
32W20: Complex Monge-Ampère operators
32W25: Pseudodifferential operators in several complex variables
32W30: Heat kernels in several complex variables
32W50: Other partial differential equations of complex analysis
32W99: None of the above, but in this section
33-xx: Special functions (33-XX deals with the properties of functions as functions)
33-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
33-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
33-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
33-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
33-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
33-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
33Bxx: Elementary classical functions
33B10: Exponential and trigonometric functions
33B15: Gamma, beta and polygamma functions
33B20: Incomplete beta and gamma functions (error functions, probability
integral, Fresnel integrals)
33B30: Higher logarithm functions
33B99: None of the above, but in this section
33Cxx: Hypergeometric functions
33C05: Classical hypergeometric functions, $_2F_1$
 33C10: Bessel and Airy functions, cylinder functions, $_0F_1$
33C15: Confluent hypergeometric functions, Whittaker functions, $_1F_1$
33C20: Generalized hypergeometric series, $_pF_q$
33C45: Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi,
Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.)
33C47: Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions
33C50: Orthogonal polynomials and functions in several variables expressible
in terms of special functions in one variable
33C52: Orthogonal polynomials and functions associated with root systems
33C55: Spherical harmonics
33C60: Hypergeometric integrals and functions defined by them ($E$, $G$ and
${H]$ functions)
33C65: Appell, Horn and Lauricella functions
33C67: Hypergeometric functions associated with root systems
33C70: Other hypergeometric functions and integrals in several variables
33C75: Elliptic integrals as hypergeometric functions
33C80: Connections with groups and algebras, and related topics
33C90: Applications
33C99: None of the above, but in this section
33Dxx: Basic hypergeometric functions
33D05: $q$-gamma functions, $q$-beta functions and integrals
33D15: Basic hypergeometric functions in one variable, ${]_r\phi_s$
33D45: Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions (Askey-Wilson
polynomials, etc.)
33D50: Orthogonal polynomials and functions in several variables expressible
in terms of basic hypergeometric functions in one variable
33D52: Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions associated with root
systems (Macdonald polynomials, etc.)
33D60: Basic hypergeometric integrals and functions defined by them
33D65: Bibasic functions and multiple bases
33D67: Basic hypergeometric functions associated with root systems
33D70: Other basic hypergeometric functions and integrals in several variables
33D80: Connections with quantum groups, Chevalley groups, $p$-adic groups,
Hecke algebras, and related topics
33D90: Applications
33D99: None of the above, but in this section
33Exx: Other special functions
33E05: Elliptic functions and integrals
33E10: Lamé, Mathieu, and spheroidal wave functions
33E12: Mittag-Leffler functions and generalizations
33E15: Other wave functions
33E17: Painlevé-type functions
33E20: Other functions defined by series and integrals
33E30: Other functions coming from differential, difference and integral
equations
33E50: Special functions in characteristic $p$ (gamma functions, etc.)
33E99: None of the above, but in this section
33Fxx: Computational aspects
33F05: Numerical approximation
33F10: Symbolic computation (Gosper and Zeilberger algorithms, etc.)
33F99: None of the above, but in this section
34-xx: Ordinary differential equations
34-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
34-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
34-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
34-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
34-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
34-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
34Axx: General theory
34A05: Explicit solutions and reductions
34A09: Implicit equations, differential-algebraic equations
34A12: Initial value problems, existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence
and continuation of solutions
34A25: Analytical theory: series, transformations, transforms, operational
calculus, etc.
34A26: Geometric methods in differential equations
34A30: Linear equations and systems, general
34A34: Nonlinear equations and systems, general
34A35: Differential equations of infinite order
34A36: Discontinuous equations
34A37: Differential equations with impulses
34A40: Differential inequalities
34A45: Theoretical approximation of solutions
34A55: Inverse problems
34A60: Differential inclusions
34A99: None of the above, but in this section
34Bxx: Boundary value problems
34B05: Linear boundary value problems
34B07: Linear boundary value problems with nonlinear dependence on the
spectral parameter
34B08: Multi-parameter boundary value problems
34B09: Boundary value problems with an indefinite weight
34B10: Multipoint boundary value problems
34B15: Nonlinear boundary value problems
34B16: Singular nonlinear boundary value problems
34B18: Positive solutions of nonlinear boundary value problems
34B20: Weyl theory and its generalizations
34B24: Sturm-Liouville theory
34B27: Green functions
34B30: Special equations (Mathieu, Hill, Bessel, etc.)
34B37: Boundary value problems with impulses
34B40: Boundary value problems on infinite intervals
34B45: Boundary value problems on graphs and networks
34B60: Applications
34B99: None of the above, but in this section
34Cxx: Qualitative theory
34C05: Location of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles
34C07: Theory of limit cycles of polynomial and analytic vector fields
(existence, uniqueness, bounds, Hilbert's 16th problem and ramifications)
 34C08: Connections with real algebraic geometry (fewnomials,
desingularization, zeros of Abelian integrals, etc.)
34C10: Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and comparison theory
34C11: Growth, boundedness, comparison of solutions
34C12: Monotone systems
34C14: Symmetries, invariants
34C15: Nonlinear oscillations, coupled oscillators
34C20: Transformation and reduction of equations and systems, normal forms
34C23: Bifurcation
34C25: Periodic solutions
34C26: Relaxation oscillations
34C27: Almost periodic solutions
34C28: Complex behavior, chaotic systems
34C29: Averaging method
34C30: Manifolds of solutions
34C37: Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions
34C40: Equations and systems on manifolds
34C41: Equivalence, asymptotic equivalence
34C45: Method of integral manifolds
34C55: Hysteresis
34C60: Applications
34C99: None of the above, but in this section
34Dxx: Stability theory
34D05: Asymptotic properties
34D08: Characteristic and Lyapunov exponents
34D09: Dichotomy, trichotomy
34D10: Perturbations
34D15: Singular perturbations
34D20: Lyapunov stability
34D23: Global stability
34D30: Structural stability and analogous concepts
34D35: Stability of manifolds of solutions
34D40: Ultimate boundedness
34D45: Attractors
34D99: None of the above, but in this section
34Exx: Asymptotic theory
34E05: Asymptotic expansions
34E10: Perturbations, asymptotics
34E13: Multiple scale methods
34E15: Singular perturbations, general theory
34E18: Methods of nonstandard analysis
34E20: Singular perturbations, turning point theory, WKB methods
34E99: None of the above, but in this section
34F05: Equations and systems with randomness
34Gxx: Differential equations in abstract spaces
34G10: Linear equations
34G20: Nonlinear equations
34G25: Evolution inclusions
34G99: None of the above, but in this section
34H05: Control problems
34Kxx: Functional-differential and differential-difference equations
 34K05: General theory
34K06: Linear functional-differential equations
34K07: Theoretical approximation of solutions
34K10: Boundary value problems
34K11: Oscillation theory
34K12: Growth, boundedness, comparison of solutions
34K13: Periodic solutions
34K14: Almost periodic solutions
34K17: Transformation and reduction of equations and systems, normal forms
34K18: Bifurcation theory
34K19: Invariant manifolds
34K20: Stability theory
34K23: Complex (chaotic) behavior of solutions
34K25: Asymptotic theory
34K26: Singular perturbations
34K28: Numerical approximation of solutions
34K29: Inverse problems
34K30: Equations in abstract spaces
34K35: Control problems
34K40: Neutral equations
34K45: Equations with impulses
34K50: Stochastic delay equations
34K60: Applications
34K99: None of the above, but in this section
34Lxx: Ordinary differential operators
34L05: General spectral theory
34L10: Eigenfunction expansions, completeness of eigenfunctions
34L15: Estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds
34L16: Numerical approximation of eigenvalues and of other parts of the
spectrum
34L20: Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymptotic theory of
eigenfunctions
34L25: Scattering theory
34L30: Nonlinear ordinary differential operators
34L40: Particular operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.)
34L99: None of the above, but in this section
34Mxx: Differential equations in the complex domain
34M05: Entire and meromorphic solutions
34M10: Oscillation, growth of solutions
34M15: Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic, hypertranscendence, group-
theoretical)
34M20: Nonanalytic aspects
34M25: Formal solutions, transform techniques
34M30: Asymptotics, summation methods
34M35: Singularities, monodromy, local behavior of solutions, normal forms
34M37: Resurgence phenomena
34M40: Stokes phenomena and connection problems (linear and nonlinear)
34M45: Differential equations on complex manifolds
34M50: Inverse problems (Riemann-Hilbert, inverse differential Galois, etc.)
34M55: Painlevé and other special equations; classification, hierarchies;
isomonodromic deformations
 34M60: Singular perturbation problems in the complex domain (complex WKB,
turning points, steepest descent)
34M99: None of the above, but in this section
35-xx: Partial differential equations
35-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
35-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
35-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
35-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
35-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
35-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
35Axx: General theory
35A05: General existence and uniqueness theorems
35A07: Local existence and uniqueness theorems
35A08: Fundamental solutions
35A10: Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorems
35A15: Variational methods
35A17: Parametrices
35A18: Wave front sets
35A20: Analytic methods, singularities
35A21: Propagation of singularities
35A22: Transform methods (e.g. integral transforms)
35A25: Other special methods
35A27: Microlocal methods; methods of sheaf theory and homological algebra
in PDE
35A30: Geometric theory, characteristics, transformations
35A35: Theoretical approximation to solutions
35A99: None of the above, but in this section
35Bxx: Qualitative properties of solutions
35B05: General behavior of solutions of PDE (comparison theorems; oscillation,
zeros and growth of solutions; mean value theorems)
35B10: Periodic solutions
35B15: Almost periodic solutions
35B20: Perturbations
35B25: Singular perturbations
35B27: Homogenization; partial differential equations in media with periodic
structure
35B30: Dependence of solutions of PDE on initial and boundary data,
parameters
35B32: Bifurcation
35B33: Critical exponents
35B34: Resonances
35B35: Stability, boundedness
35B37: PDE in connection with control problems
35B38: Critical points
35B40: Asymptotic behavior of solutions
35B41: Attractors
35B42: Inertial manifolds
35B45: A priori estimates
35B50: Maximum principles
 35B60: Continuation and prolongation of solutions of PDE
35B65: Smoothness and regularity of solutions of PDE
35B99: None of the above, but in this section
35Cxx: Representations of solutions
35C05: Solutions in closed form
35C10: Series solutions, expansion theorems
35C15: Integral representations of solutions of PDE
35C20: Asymptotic expansions
35C99: None of the above, but in this section
35Dxx: Generalized solutions of partial differential equations
35D05: Existence of generalized solutions
35D10: Regularity of generalized solutions
35D99: None of the above, but in this section
35Exx: Equations and systems with constant coefficients
35E05: Fundamental solutions
35E10: Convexity properties
35E15: Initial value problems
35E20: General theory
35E99: None of the above, but in this section
35Fxx: General first-order equations and systems
35F05: General theory of linear first-order PDE
35F10: Initial value problems for linear first-order PDE, linear evolution
equations
35F15: Boundary value problems for linear first-order PDE
35F20: General theory of nonlinear first-order PDE
35F25: Initial value problems for nonlinear first-order PDE, nonlinear
evolution equations
35F30: Boundary value problems for nonlinear first-order PDE
35F99: None of the above, but in this section
35Gxx: General higher-order equations and systems
35G05: General theory of linear higher-order PDE
35G10: Initial value problems for linear higher-order PDE, linear evolution
equations
35G15: Boundary value problems for linear higher-order PDE
35G20: General theory of nonlinear higher-order PDE
35G25: Initial value problems for nonlinear higher-order PDE, nonlinear
evolution equations
35G30: Boundary value problems for nonlinear higher-order PDE
35G99: None of the above, but in this section
35Hxx: Close-to-elliptic equations
35H10: Hypoelliptic equations
35H20: Subelliptic equations
35H30: Quasi-elliptic equations
35H99: None of the above, but in this section
35Jxx: Partial differential equations of elliptic type
35J05: Laplace equation, reduced wave equation (Helmholtz), Poisson equation
35J10: Schrödinger operator
35J15: General theory of second-order, elliptic equations
35J20: Variational methods for second-order, elliptic equations
35J25: Boundary value problems for second-order, elliptic equations
35J30: General theory of higher-order, elliptic equations
 35J35: Variational methods for higher-order, elliptic equations
35J40: Boundary value problems for higher-order, elliptic equations
35J45: General theory of elliptic systems of PDE
35J50: Variational methods for elliptic systems
35J55: Boundary value problems for elliptic systems
35J60: Nonlinear PDE of elliptic type
35J65: Nonlinear boundary value problems for linear elliptic PDE; boundary
value problems for nonlinear elliptic PDE
35J67: Boundary values of solutions to elliptic PDE
35J70: Elliptic partial differential equations of degenerate type
35J85: Unilateral problems and variational inequalities for elliptic PDE
35J99: None of the above, but in this section
35Kxx: Parabolic equations and systems
35K05: Heat equation
35K10: General theory of second-order, parabolic equations
35K15: Initial value problems for second-order, parabolic equations
35K20: Boundary value problems for second-order, parabolic equations
35K25: General theory of higher-order, parabolic equations
35K30: Initial value problems for higher-order, parabolic equations
35K35: Boundary value problems for higher-order, parabolic equations
35K40: General theory of parabolic systems of PDE
35K45: Initial value problems for parabolic systems
35K50: Boundary value problems for parabolic systems
35K55: Nonlinear PDE of parabolic type
35K57: Reaction-diffusion equations
35K60: Nonlinear boundary value problems for linear parabolic PDE;
boundary value problems for nonlinear parabolic PDE
35K65: Parabolic partial differential equations of degenerate type
35K70: Ultraparabolic, pseudoparabolic PDE, etc.
35K85: Unilateral problems and variational inequalities for parabolic PDE
35K90: Abstract parabolic evolution equations
35K99: None of the above, but in this section
35Lxx: Partial differential equations of hyperbolic type
35L05: Wave equation
35L10: General theory of second-order, hyperbolic equations
35L15: Initial value problems for second-order, hyperbolic equations
35L20: Boundary value problems for second-order, hyperbolic equations
35L25: General theory of higher-order, hyperbolic equations
35L30: Initial value problems for higher-order, hyperbolic equations
35L35: Boundary value problems for higher-order, hyperbolic equations
35L40: General theory of hyperbolic systems of first-order PDE
35L45: Initial value problems for hyperbolic systems of first-order PDE
35L50: Boundary value problems for hyperbolic systems of first-order PDE
35L55: Hyperbolic systems of higher-order PDE
35L60: Nonlinear first-order PDE of hyperbolic type
35L65: Conservation laws
35L67: Shocks and singularities
35L70: Nonlinear second-order PDE of hyperbolic type
35L75: Nonlinear hyperbolic PDE of higher ($\gtr 2$) order
35L80: Hyperbolic PDE of degenerate type
35L82: Pseudohyperbolic equations
 35L85: Unilateral problems; variational inequalities for hyperbolic PDE
35L90: Abstract hyperbolic evolution equations
35L99: None of the above, but in this section
35Mxx: Partial differential equations of special type (mixed, composite, etc.)
35M10: PDE of mixed type
35M20: PDE of composite type
35M99: None of the above, but in this section
35Nxx: Overdetermined systems
35N05: Overdetermined systems with constant coefficients
35N10: Overdetermined systems with variable coefficients (general)
35N15: $\overline\partial$-Neumann problem and generalizations; formal
complexes
35N99: None of the above, but in this section
35Pxx: Spectral theory and eigenvalue problems for partial differential operators
35P05: General spectral theory of PDE
35P10: Completeness of eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions for PDO
35P15: Estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds
35P20: Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for PDO
35P25: Scattering theory for PDE
35P30: Nonlinear eigenvalue problems, nonlinear spectral theory for PDO
35P99: None of the above, but in this section
35Qxx: Equations of mathematical physics and other areas of application
35Q05: Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation and generalizations
35Q15: Riemann-Hilbert problems
35Q30: Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations
35Q35: Other equations arising in fluid mechanics
35Q40: Equations from quantum mechanics
35Q51: Solitons
35Q53: KdV-like equations (Korteweg-de Vries, Burgers, sine-Gordon, sinh-
Gordon, etc.)
35Q55: NLS-like (nonlinear Schrödinger) equations
35Q58: Other completely integrable equations
35Q60: Equations of electromagnetic theory and optics
35Q72: Other equations from mechanics
35Q75: PDE in relativity
35Q80: Applications of PDE in areas other than physics
35Q99: None of the above, but in this section
35Rxx: Miscellaneous topics involving partial differential equations
35R05: PDE with discontinuous coefficients or data
35R10: Partial functional-differential or differential-difference equations, with
or without deviating arguments
35R12: Impulsive partial differential equations
35R15: Partial differential equations on infinite-dimensional (e.g. function)
spaces (= PDE in infinitely many variables)
35R20: Partial operator-differential equations (i.e. PDE on finite-dimensional
spaces for abstract space valued functions)
35R25: Improperly posed problems for PDE
35R30: Inverse problems (undetermined coefficients, etc.) for PDE
35R35: Free boundary problems for PDE
35R45: Partial differential inequalities
35R50: Partial differential equations of infinite order
 35R60: Partial differential equations with randomness
35R70: PDE with multivalued right-hand sides
35R99: None of the above, but in this section
35Sxx: Pseudodifferential operators and other generalizations of partial differential
operators
35S05: General theory of PsDO
35S10: Initial value problems for PsDO
35S15: Boundary value problems for PsDO
35S30: Fourier integral operators
35S35: Topological aspects: intersection cohomology, stratified sets, etc.
35S50: Paradifferential operators
35S99: None of the above, but in this section
37-xx: Dynamical systems and ergodic theory
37-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
37-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
37-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
37-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
37-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
37-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
37Axx: Ergodic theory
37A05: Measure-preserving transformations
37A10: One-parameter continuous families of measure-preserving
transformations
37A15: General groups of measure-preserving transformations
37A17: Homogeneous flows
37A20: Orbit equivalence, cocycles, ergodic equivalence relations
37A25: Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing
37A30: Ergodic theorems, spectral theory, Markov operators
37A35: Entropy and other invariants, isomorphism, classification
37A40: Nonsingular (and infinite-measure preserving) transformations
37A45: Relations with number theory and harmonic analysis
37A50: Relations with probability theory and stochastic processes
37A55: Relations with the theory of $C^*$-algebras
37A60: Dynamical systems in statistical mechanics
37A99: None of the above, but in this section
37Bxx: Topological dynamics
37B05: Transformations and group actions with special properties (minimality,
distality, proximality, etc.)
37B10: Symbolic dynamics
37B15: Cellular automata
37B20: Notions of recurrence
37B25: Lyapunov functions and stability; attractors, repellers
37B30: Index theory, Morse-Conley indices
37B35: Gradient-like and recurrent behavior; isolated (locally-maximal)
invariant sets
37B40: Topological entropy
37B45: Continua theory in dynamics
37B50: Multi-dimensional shifts of finite type, tiling dynamics
37B55: Nonautonomous dynamical systems
 37B99: None of the above, but in this section
37Cxx: Smooth dynamical systems: general theory
37C05: Smooth mappings and diffeomorphisms
37C10: Vector fields, flows, ordinary differential equations
37C15: Topological and differentiable equivalence, conjugacy, invariants,
moduli, classification
37C20: Generic properties, structural stability
37C25: Fixed points, periodic points, fixed-point index theory
37C27: Periodic orbits of vector fields and flows
37C29: Homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits
37C30: Zeta functions, (Ruelle-Frobenius) transfer operators, and other
functional analytic techniques in dynamical systems
37C35: Orbit growth
37C40: Smooth ergodic theory, invariant measures
37C45: Dimension theory of dynamical systems
37C50: Approximate trajectories (pseudotrajectories, shadowing, etc.)
37C55: Periodic and quasiperiodic flows and diffeomorphisms
37C60: Nonautonomous smooth dynamical systems
37C65: Monotone flows
37C70: Attractors and repellers, topological structure
37C75: Stability theory
37C80: Symmetries, equivariant dynamical systems
37C85: Dynamics of group actions other than <B>Z</B> and <B>R</B>, and
foliations
37C99: None of the above, but in this section
37Dxx: Dynamical systems with hyperbolic behavior
37D05: Hyperbolic orbits and sets
37D10: Invariant manifold theory
37D15: Morse-Smale systems
37D20: Uniformly hyperbolic systems (expanding, Anosov, Axiom A, etc.)
37D25: Nonuniformly hyperbolic systems (Lyapunov exponents, Pesin theory,
etc.)
37D30: Partially hyperbolic systems and dominated splittings
37D35: Thermodynamic formalism, variational principles, equilibrium states
37D40: Dynamical systems of geometric origin and hyperbolicity (geodesic and
horocycle flows, etc.)
37D45: Strange attractors, chaotic dynamics
37D50: Hyperbolic systems with singularities (billiards, etc.)
37D99: None of the above, but in this section
37Exx: Low-dimensional dynamical systems
37E05: Maps of the interval (piecewise continuous, continuous, smooth)
37E10: Maps of the circle
37E15: Combinatorial dynamics (types of periodic orbits)
37E20: Universality, renormalization
37E25: Maps of trees and graphs
37E30: Homeomorphisms and diffeomorphisms of planes and surfaces
37E35: Flows on surfaces
37E40: Twist maps
37E45: Rotation numbers and vectors
37E99: None of the above, but in this section
37Fxx: Complex dynamical systems
 37F05: Relations and correspondences
37F10: Polynomials; rational maps; entire and meromorphic functions
37F15: Expanding maps; hyperbolicity; structural stability
37F20: Combinatorics and topology
37F25: Renormalization
37F30: Quasiconformal methods and Teichmüller theory; Fuchsian and
Kleinian groups as dynamical systems
37F35: Conformal densities and Hausdorff dimension
37F40: Geometric limits
37F45: Holomorphic families of dynamical systems; the Mandelbrot set;
bifurcations
37F50: Small divisors, rotation domains and linearization; Fatou and Julia sets
37F75: Holomorphic foliations and vector fields
37F99: None of the above, but in this section
37Gxx: Local and nonlocal bifurcation theory
37G05: Normal forms
37G10: Bifurcations of singular points
37G15: Bifurcations of limit cycles and periodic orbits
37G20: Hyperbolic singular points with homoclinic trajectories
37G25: Bifurcations connected with nontransversal intersection
37G30: Infinite nonwandering sets arising in bifurcations
37G35: Attractors and their bifurcations
37G40: Symmetries, equivariant bifurcation theory
37G99: None of the above, but in this section
37Hxx: Random dynamical systems
37H05: Foundations, general theory of cocycles, algebraic ergodic theory
37H10: Generation, random and stochastic difference and differential
equations
37H15: Multiplicative ergodic theory, Lyapunov exponents
37H20: Bifurcation theory
37H99: None of the above, but in this section
37Jxx: Finite-dimensional Hamiltonian, Lagrangian, contact, and nonholonomic
systems
37J05: General theory, relations with symplectic geometry and topology
37J10: Symplectic mappings, fixed points
37J15: Symmetries, invariants, invariant manifolds, momentum maps,
reduction
37J20: Bifurcation problems
37J25: Stability problems
37J30: Obstructions to integrability (nonintegrability criteria)
37J35: Completely integrable systems, topological structure of phase space,
integration methods
37J40: Perturbations, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnold
diffusion
37J45: Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits; variational methods,
degree-theoretic methods
37J50: Action-minimizing orbits and measures
37J55: Contact systems
37J60: Nonholonomic dynamical systems
37J99: None of the above, but in this section
37Kxx: Infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems
 37K05: Hamiltonian structures, symmetries, variational principles,
conservation laws
37K10: Completely integrable systems, integrability tests, bi-Hamiltonian
structures, hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.)
37K15: Integration of completely integrable systems by inverse spectral and
scattering methods
37K20: Relations with algebraic geometry, complex analysis, special functions
37K25: Relations with differential geometry
37K30: Relations with infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and other algebraic
structures
37K35: Lie-Bäcklund and other transformations
37K40: Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions
37K45: Stability problems
37K50: Bifurcation problems
37K55: Perturbations, KAM for infinite-dimensional systems
37K60: Lattice dynamics
37K65: Hamiltonian systems on groups of diffeomorphisms and on manifolds
of mappings and metrics
37K99: None of the above, but in this section
37Lxx: Infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems
37L05: General theory, nonlinear semigroups, evolution equations
37L10: Normal forms, center manifold theory, bifurcation theory
37L15: Stability problems
37L20: Symmetries
37L25: Inertial manifolds and other invariant attracting sets
37L30: Attractors and their dimensions, Lyapunov exponents
37L40: Invariant measures
37L45: Hyperbolicity; Lyapunov functions
37L50: Noncompact semigroups; dispersive equations; perturbations of
Hamiltonian systems
37L55: Infinite-dimensional random dynamical systems; stochastic equations
37L60: Lattice dynamics
37L65: Special approximation methods (nonlinear Galerkin, etc.)
37L99: None of the above, but in this section
37Mxx: Approximation methods and numerical treatment of dynamical systems
37M05: Simulation
37M10: Time series analysis
37M15: Symplectic integrators
37M20: Computational methods for bifurcation problems
37M25: Computational methods for ergodic theory (approximation of invariant
measures, computation of Lyapunov exponents, entropy)
37M99: None of the above, but in this section
37Nxx: Applications
37N05: Dynamical systems in classical and celestial mechanics
37N10: Dynamical systems in fluid mechanics, oceanography and meteorology
37N15: Dynamical systems in solid mechanics
37N20: Dynamical systems in other branches of physics (quantum mechanics,
general relativity, laser physics)
37N25: Dynamical systems in biology
37N30: Dynamical systems in numerical analysis
37N35: Dynamical systems in control
 37N40: Dynamical systems in optimization and economics
37N99: None of the above, but in this section
39-xx: Difference and functional equations
39-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
39-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
39-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
39-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
39-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
39-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
39Axx: Difference equations
39A05: General
39A10: Difference equations, additive
39A11: Stability and asymptotics of difference equations; oscillatory and
periodic solutions, etc.
39A12: Discrete version of topics in analysis
39A13: Difference equations, scaling ($q$-differences)
39A20: Multiplicative and other generalized difference equations, e.g. of
Lyness type
39A70: Difference operators
39A99: None of the above, but in this section
39Bxx: Functional equations and inequalities
39B05: General
39B12: Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations
39B22: Equations for real functions
39B32: Equations for complex functions
39B42: Matrix and operator equations
39B52: Equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges
39B55: Orthogonal additivity and other conditional equations
39B62: Functional inequalities, including subadditivity, convexity, etc.
39B72: Systems of functional equations and inequalities
39B82: Stability, separation, extension, and related topics
39B99: None of the above, but in this section
40-xx: Sequences, series, summability
40-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
40-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
40-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
40-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
40-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
40-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
40Axx: Convergence and divergence of infinite limiting processes
40A05: Convergence and divergence of series and sequences
40A10: Convergence and divergence of integrals
40A15: Convergence and divergence of continued fractions
40A20: Convergence and divergence of infinite products
40A25: Approximation to limiting values (summation of series, etc.)
40A30: Convergence and divergence of series and sequences of functions
40A99: None of the above, but in this section
 40B05: Multiple sequences and series {(should also be assigned at least one
other classification number in this section)]
40Cxx: General summability methods
40C05: Matrix methods
40C10: Integral methods
40C15: Function-theoretic methods (including power series methods and
semicontinuous methods)
40C99: None of the above, but in this section
40Dxx: Direct theorems on summability
40D05: General theorems
40D09: Structure of summability fields
40D10: Tauberian constants and oscillation limits
40D15: Convergence factors and summability factors
40D20: Summability and bounded fields of methods
40D25: Inclusion and equivalence theorems
40D99: None of the above, but in this section
40Exx: Inversion theorems
40E05: Tauberian theorems, general
40E10: Growth estimates
40E15: Lacunary inversion theorems
40E20: Tauberian constants
40E99: None of the above, but in this section
40F05: Absolute and strong summability
40Gxx: Special methods of summability
40G05: Cesàro, Euler, Nörlund and Hausdorff methods
40G10: Abel, Borel and power series methods
40G99: None of the above, but in this section
40H05: Functional analytic methods in summability
40J05: Summability in abstract structures
41-xx: Approximations and expansions
41-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
41-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
41-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
41-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
41-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
41-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
41A05: Interpolation
41A10: Approximation by polynomials
41A15: Spline approximation
41A17: Inequalities in approximation (Bernstein, Jackson, Nikol\cprime ski\u\i-
type inequalities)
41A20: Approximation by rational functions
41A21: Padé approximation
41A25: Rate of convergence, degree of approximation
41A27: Inverse theorems
41A28: Simultaneous approximation
41A29: Approximation with constraints
41A30: Approximation by other special function classes
41A35: Approximation by operators (in particular, by integral operators)
 41A36: Approximation by positive operators
41A40: Saturation
41A44: Best constants
41A45: Approximation by arbitrary linear expressions
41A46: Approximation by arbitrary nonlinear expressions; widths and entropy
41A50: Best approximation, Chebyshev systems
41A52: Uniqueness of best approximation
41A55: Approximate quadratures
41A58: Series expansions (e.g. Taylor, Lidstone series, but not Fourier series)
41A60: Asymptotic approximations, asymptotic expansions (steepest descent,
etc.)
41A63: Multidimensional problems (should also be assigned at least one other
classification number in this section)
41A65: Abstract approximation theory (approximation in normed linear spaces
and other abstract spaces)
41A80: Remainders in approximation formulas
41A99: Miscellaneous topics
42-xx: Fourier analysis
42-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
42-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
42-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
42-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
42-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
42-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
42Axx: Fourier analysis in one variable
42A05: Trigonometric polynomials, inequalities, extremal problems
42A10: Trigonometric approximation
42A15: Trigonometric interpolation
42A16: Fourier coefficients, Fourier series of functions with special properties,
special Fourier series
42A20: Convergence and absolute convergence of Fourier and trigonometric
series
42A24: Summability and absolute summability of Fourier and trigonometric
series
42A32: Trigonometric series of special types (positive coefficients, monotonic
coefficients, etc.)
42A38: Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and other transforms of
Fourier type
42A45: Multipliers
42A50: Conjugate functions, conjugate series, singular integrals
42A55: Lacunary series of trigonometric and other functions; Riesz products
42A61: Probabilistic methods
42A63: Uniqueness of trigonometric expansions, uniqueness of Fourier
expansions, Riemann theory, localization
42A65: Completeness of sets of functions
42A70: Trigonometric moment problems
42A75: Classical almost periodic functions, mean periodic functions
42A82: Positive definite functions
42A85: Convolution, factorization
 42A99: None of the above, but in this section
42Bxx: Fourier analysis in several variables
42B05: Fourier series and coefficients
42B08: Summability
42B10: Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and other transforms of
Fourier type
42B15: Multipliers
42B20: Singular integrals (Calderón-Zygmund, etc.)
42B25: Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory
42B30: $H^p$-spaces
42B35: Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis
42B99: None of the above, but in this section
42Cxx: Nontrigonometric Fourier analysis
42C05: Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory
42C10: Fourier series in special orthogonal functions (Legendre polynomials,
Walsh functions, etc.)
42C15: Series of general orthogonal functions, generalized Fourier expansions,
nonorthogonal expansions
42C20: Rearrangements and other transformations of Fourier and other
orthogonal series
42C25: Uniqueness and localization for orthogonal series
42C30: Completeness of sets of functions
42C40: Wavelets
42C99: None of the above, but in this section
43-xx: Abstract harmonic analysis
43-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
43-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
43-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
43-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
43-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
43-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
43A05: Measures on groups and semigroups, etc.
43A07: Means on groups, semigroups, etc.; amenable groups
43A10: Measure algebras on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A15: $L^p$-spaces and other function spaces on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A17: Analysis on ordered groups, ${H]^p$-theory
43A20: $L^1$-algebras on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A22: Homomorphisms and multipliers of function spaces on groups,
semigroups, etc.
43A25: Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms on locally compact abelian
groups
43A30: Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms on nonabelian groups and on
semigroups, etc.
43A32: Other transforms and operators of Fourier type
43A35: Positive definite functions on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A40: Character groups and dual objects
43A45: Spectral synthesis on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A46: Special sets (thin sets, Kronecker sets, Helson sets, Ditkin sets, Sidon
sets, etc.)
 43A50: Convergence of Fourier series and of inverse transforms
43A55: Summability methods on groups, semigroups, etc.
43A60: Almost periodic functions on groups and semigroups and their
generalizations (recurrent functions, distal functions, etc.); almost
automorphic functions
43A62: Hypergroups
43A65: Representations of groups, semigroups, etc.
43A70: Analysis on specific locally compact abelian groups
43A75: Analysis on specific compact groups
43A77: Analysis on general compact groups
43A80: Analysis on other specific Lie groups
43A85: Analysis on homogeneous spaces
43A90: Spherical functions
43A95: Categorical methods
43A99: Miscellaneous topics
44-xx: Integral transforms, operational calculus
44-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
44-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
44-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
44-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
44-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
44-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
44A05: General transforms
44A10: Laplace transform
44A12: Radon transform
44A15: Special transforms (Legendre, Hilbert, etc.)
44A20: Transforms of special functions
44A30: Multiple transforms
44A35: Convolution
44A40: Calculus of Mikusi\'nski and other operational calculi
44A45: Classical operational calculus
44A55: Discrete operational calculus
44A60: Moment problems
44A99: Miscellaneous topics
45-xx: Integral equations
45-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
45-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
45-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
45-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
45-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
45-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
45A05: Linear integral equations
45B05: Fredholm integral equations
45C05: Eigenvalue problems
45D05: Volterra integral equations
45Exx: Singular integral equations
45E05: Integral equations with kernels of Cauchy type
 45E10: Integral equations of the convolution type (Abel, Picard, Toeplitz and
Wiener-Hopf type)
45E99: None of the above, but in this section
45Fxx: Systems of linear integral equations
45F05: Systems of nonsingular linear integral equations
45F10: Dual, triple, etc., integral and series equations
45F15: Systems of singular linear integral equations
45F99: None of the above, but in this section
45Gxx: Nonlinear integral equations
45G05: Singular nonlinear integral equations
45G10: Other nonlinear integral equations
45G15: Systems of nonlinear integral equations
45H05: Miscellaneous special kernels
45J05: Integro-ordinary differential equations
45K05: Integro-partial differential equations
45L05: Theoretical approximation of solutions
45Mxx: Qualitative behavior
45M05: Asymptotics
45M10: Stability theory
45M15: Periodic solutions
45M20: Positive solutions
45M99: None of the above, but in this section
45N05: Abstract integral equations, integral equations in abstract spaces
45P05: Integral operators
45Q05: Inverse problems
45R05: Random integral equations
46-xx: Functional analysis
46-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
46-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
46-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
46-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
46-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
46-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
46Axx: Topological linear spaces and related structures
46A03: General theory of locally convex spaces
46A04: Locally convex Fréchet spaces and (DF)-spaces
46A08: Barrelled spaces, bornological spaces
46A11: Spaces determined by compactness or summability properties (nuclear
spaces, Schwartz spaces, Montel spaces, etc.)
46A13: Spaces defined by inductive or projective limits (LB, LF, etc.)
46A16: Not locally convex spaces (metrizable topological linear spaces, locally
bounded spaces, quasi-Banach spaces, etc.)
46A17: Bornologies and related structures; Mackey convergence, etc.
46A19: Other ``topological'' linear spaces (convergence spaces, ranked spaces,
spaces with a metric taking values in an ordered structure more general than
${\bf R]$, etc.)
46A20: Duality theory
46A22: Theorems of Hahn-Banach type; extension and lifting of functionals
and operators
 46A25: Reflexivity and semi-reflexivity
46A30: Open mapping and closed graph theorems; completeness (including
$B$-, $B_r$-completeness)
46A32: Spaces of linear operators; topological tensor products; approximation
properties
46A35: Summability and bases
46A40: Ordered topological linear spaces, vector lattices
46A45: Sequence spaces (including Köthe sequence spaces)
46A50: Compactness in topological linear spaces; angelic spaces, etc.
46A55: Convex sets in topological linear spaces; Choquet theory
46A61: Graded Fréchet spaces and tame operators
46A63: Topological invariants ((DN), ($\Omega$), etc.)
46A70: Saks spaces and their duals (strict topologies, mixed topologies, two-
norm spaces, co-Saks spaces, etc.)
46A80: Modular spaces
46A99: None of the above, but in this section
46Bxx: Normed linear spaces and Banach spaces; Banach lattices
46B03: Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Banach spaces
46B04: Isometric theory of Banach spaces
46B07: Local theory of Banach spaces
46B08: Ultraproduct techniques in Banach space theory
46B09: Probabilistic methods in Banach space theory
46B10: Duality and reflexivity
46B15: Summability and bases
46B20: Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces
46B22: Radon-Nikodym, Krein-Milman and related properties
46B25: Classical Banach spaces in the general theory
46B26: Nonseparable Banach spaces
46B28: Spaces of operators; tensor products; approximation properties
46B40: Ordered normed spaces
46B42: Banach lattices
46B45: Banach sequence spaces
46B50: Compactness in Banach (or normed) spaces
46B70: Interpolation between normed linear spaces
46B99: None of the above, but in this section
46Cxx: Inner product spaces and their generalizations, Hilbert spaces
46C05: Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and topology (including
spaces with semidefinite inner product)
46C07: Hilbert subspaces (= operator ranges); complementation (Aronszajn, de
Branges, etc.)
46C15: Characterizations of Hilbert spaces
46C20: Spaces with indefinite inner product (Krein spaces, Pontryagin spaces,
etc.)
46C50: Generalizations of inner products (semi-inner products, partial inner
products, etc.)
46C99: None of the above, but in this section
46Exx: Linear function spaces and their duals
46E05: Lattices of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions
46E10: Topological linear spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic
functions
46E15: Banach spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions
 46E20: Hilbert spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions
46E22: Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels (= proper functional Hilbert
spaces, including de Branges-Rovnyak and other structured spaces)
46E25: Rings and algebras of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions
46E27: Spaces of measures
46E30: Spaces of measurable functions ($L^p$-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe
function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces,
etc.)
46E35: Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth'' functions, embedding
theorems, trace theorems
46E39: Sobolev (and similar kinds of) spaces of functions of discrete variables
46E40: Spaces of vector- and operator-valued functions
46E50: Spaces of differentiable or holomorphic functions on infinite-
dimensional spaces
46E99: None of the above, but in this section
46Fxx: Distributions, generalized functions, distribution spaces
46F05: Topological linear spaces of test functions, distributions and
ultradistributions
46F10: Operations with distributions
46F12: Integral transforms in distribution spaces
46F15: Hyperfunctions, analytic functionals
46F20: Distributions and ultradistributions as boundary values of analytic
functions
46F25: Distributions on infinite-dimensional spaces
46F30: Generalized functions for nonlinear analysis (Rosinger, Colombeau,
nonstandard, etc.)
46F99: None of the above, but in this section
46Gxx: Measures, integration, derivative, holomorphy (all involving infinite-
dimensional spaces)
46G05: Derivatives
46G10: Vector-valued measures and integration
46G12: Measures and integration on abstract linear spaces
46G15: Functional analytic lifting theory
46G20: Infinite-dimensional holomorphy
46G25: (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, polynomials
46G99: None of the above, but in this section
46Hxx: Topological algebras, normed rings and algebras, Banach algebras
46H05: General theory of topological algebras
46H10: Ideals and subalgebras
46H15: Representations of topological algebras
46H20: Structure, classification of topological algebras
46H25: Normed modules and Banach modules, topological modules (if not
placed in 13-XX or 16-XX)
46H30: Functional calculus in topological algebras
46H35: Topological algebras of operators
46H40: Automatic continuity
46H70: Nonassociative topological algebras
46H99: None of the above, but in this section
46Jxx: Commutative Banach algebras and commutative topological algebras
46J05: General theory of commutative topological algebras
46J10: Banach algebras of continuous functions, function algebras
 46J15: Banach algebras of differentiable or analytic functions, ${H]^p$-spaces
46J20: Ideals, maximal ideals, boundaries
46J25: Representations of commutative topological algebras
46J30: Subalgebras
46J40: Structure, classification of commutative topological algebras
46J45: Radical Banach algebras
46J99: None of the above, but in this section
46Kxx: Topological (rings and) algebras with an involution
46K05: General theory of topological algebras with involution
46K10: Representations of topological algebras with involution
46K15: Hilbert algebras
46K50: Nonselfadjoint (sub)algebras in algebras with involution
46K70: Nonassociative topological algebras with an involution
46K99: None of the above, but in this section
46Lxx: Selfadjoint operator algebras ($C^*$-algebras, von Neumann ($W$*-)
algebras, etc.)
46L05: General theory of $C^*$-algebras
46L06: Tensor products of $C^*$-algebras
46L07: Operator spaces and completely bounded maps
46L08: $C^*$-modules
46L09: Free products of $C^*$-algebras
46L10: General theory of von Neumann algebras
46L30: States
46L35: Classifications of $C^*$-algebras, factors
46L37: Subfactors and their classification
46L40: Automorphisms
46L45: Decomposition theory for $C^*$-algebras
46L51: Noncommutative measure and integration
46L52: Noncommutative function spaces
46L53: Noncommutative probability and statistics
46L54: Free probability and free operator algebras
46L55: Noncommutative dynamical systems
46L57: Derivations, dissipations and positive semigroups in $C^*$-algebras
46L60: Applications of selfadjoint operator algebras to physics
46L65: Quantizations, deformations
46L70: Nonassociative selfadjoint operator algebras
46L80: $K$-theory and operator algebras (including cyclic theory)
46L85: Noncommutative topology
46L87: Noncommutative differential geometry
46L89: Other ``noncommutative'' mathematics based on $C^*$-algebra theory
46L99: None of the above, but in this section
46Mxx: Methods of category theory in functional analysis
46M05: Tensor products
46M07: Ultraproducts
46M10: Projective and injective objects
46M15: Categories, functors
46M18: Homological methods (exact sequences, right inverses, lifting, etc.)
46M20: Methods of algebraic topology (cohomology, sheaf and bundle theory,
etc.)
46M35: Abstract interpolation of topological vector spaces
46M40: Inductive and projective limits
 46M99: None of the above, but in this section
46Nxx: Miscellaneous applications of functional analysis
46N10: Applications in optimization, convex analysis, mathematical
programming, economics
46N20: Applications to differential and integral equations
46N30: Applications in probability theory and statistics
46N40: Applications in numerical analysis
46N50: Applications in quantum physics
46N55: Applications in statistical physics
46N60: Applications in biology and other sciences
46N99: None of the above, but in this section
46Sxx: Other (nonclassical) types of functional analysis
46S10: Functional analysis over fields other than <B>R</B> or <B>C</B> or the
quaternions; non-Archimedean functional analysis
46S20: Nonstandard functional analysis
46S30: Constructive functional analysis
46S40: Fuzzy functional analysis
46S50: Functional analysis in probabilistic metric linear spaces
46S60: Functional analysis on superspaces (supermanifolds) or graded spaces
46S99: None of the above, but in this section
46Txx: Nonlinear functional analysis
46T05: Infinite-dimensional manifolds
46T10: Manifolds of mappings
46T12: Measure (Gaussian, cylindrical, etc.) and integrals (Feynman, path,
Fresnel, etc.) on manifolds
46T20: Continuous and differentiable maps
46T25: Holomorphic maps
46T30: Distributions and generalized functions on nonlinear spaces
46T99: None of the above, but in this section
47-xx: Operator theory
47-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
47-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
47-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
47-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
47-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
47-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
47Axx: General theory of linear operators
47A05: General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses, domains, ranges, etc.)
47A06: Linear relations (multivalued linear operators)
47A07: Forms (bilinear, sesquilinear, multilinear)
47A10: Spectrum, resolvent
47A11: Local spectral properties
47A12: Numerical range, numerical radius
47A13: Several-variable operator theory (spectral, Fredholm, etc.)
47A15: Invariant subspaces
47A16: Cyclic and hypercyclic vectors
47A20: Dilations, extensions, compressions
47A25: Spectral sets
47A30: Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.)
 47A35: Ergodic theory
47A40: Scattering theory
47A45: Canonical models for contractions and nonselfadjoint operators
47A46: Chains (nests) of projections or of invariant subspaces, integrals along
chains, etc.
47A48: Operator colligations (= nodes), vessels, linear systems, characteristic
functions, realizations, etc.
47A50: Equations and inequalities involving linear operators, with vector
unknowns
47A52: Ill-posed problems, regularization
47A53: (Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories
47A55: Perturbation theory
47A56: Functions whose values are linear operators (operator and matrix
valued functions, etc., including analytic and meromorphic ones)
47A57: Operator methods in interpolation, moment and extension problems
47A58: Operator approximation theory
47A60: Functional calculus
47A62: Equations involving linear operators, with operator unknowns
47A63: Operator inequalities
47A64: Operator means, shorted operators, etc.
47A65: Structure theory
47A66: Quasitriangular and nonquasitriangular, quasidiagonal and
nonquasidiagonal operators
47A67: Representation theory
47A68: Factorization theory (including Wiener-Hopf and spectral
factorizations)
47A70: (Generalized) eigenfunction expansions; rigged Hilbert spaces
47A75: Eigenvalue problems
47A80: Tensor products of operators
47A99: None of the above, but in this section
47Bxx: Special classes of linear operators
47B06: Riesz operators; eigenvalue distributions; approximation numbers, $s$-
numbers, Kolmogorov numbers, entropy numbers, etc. of operators
47B07: Operators defined by compactness properties
47B10: Operators belonging to operator ideals (nuclear, $p$-summing, in the
Schatten-von Neumann classes, etc.)
47B15: Hermitian and normal operators (spectral measures, functional
calculus, etc.)
47B20: Subnormal operators, hyponormal operators, etc.
47B25: Symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded)
47B32: Operators in reproducing-kernel Hilbert spaces (including de Branges,
de Branges-Rovnyak, and other structured spaces)
47B33: Composition operators
47B34: Kernel operators
47B35: Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators
47B36: Jacobi (tridiagonal) operators (matrices) and generalizations
47B37: Operators on special spaces (weighted shifts, operators on sequence
spaces, etc.)
47B38: Operators on function spaces (general)
47B39: Difference operators
 47B40: Spectral operators, decomposable operators, well-bounded operators,
etc.
47B44: Accretive operators, dissipative operators, etc.
47B47: Commutators, derivations, elementary operators, etc.
47B48: Operators on Banach algebras
47B49: Transformers (= operators on spaces of operators)
47B50: Operators on spaces with an indefinite metric
47B60: Operators on ordered spaces
47B65: Positive operators and order-bounded operators
47B80: Random operators
47B99: None of the above, but in this section
47Cxx: Individual linear operators as elements of algebraic systems
47C05: Operators in algebras
47C10: Operators in $^*$-algebras
47C15: Operators in $C^*$- or von Neumann algebras
47C99: None of the above, but in this section
47Dxx: Groups and semigroups of linear operators, their generalizations and
applications
47D03: Groups and semigroups of linear operators
47D06: One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations
47D07: Markov semigroups and applications to diffusion processes
47D08: Schrödinger and Feynman-Kac semigroups
47D09: Operator sine and cosine functions and higher-order Cauchy problems
47D60: $C$-semigroups
47D62: Integrated semigroups
47D99: None of the above, but in this section
47E05: Ordinary differential operators
47F05: Partial differential operators
47Gxx: Integral, integro-differential, and pseudodifferential operators
47G10: Integral operators
47G20: Integro-differential operators
47G30: Pseudodifferential operators
47G99: None of the above, but in this section
47Hxx: Nonlinear operators and their properties
47H04: Set-valued operators
47H05: Monotone operators (with respect to duality)
47H06: Accretive operators, dissipative operators, etc.
47H07: Monotone and positive operators on ordered Banach spaces or other
ordered topological vector spaces
47H09: Nonexpansive mappings, and their generalizations (ultimately compact
mappings, measures of noncompactness and condensing mappings, $A$-
proper mappings, $K$-set contractions, etc.)
47H10: Fixed-point theorems
47H11: Degree theory
47H14: Perturbations of nonlinear operators
47H20: Semigroups of nonlinear operators
47H30: Particular nonlinear operators (superposition, Hammerstein,
Nemytskii, Uryson, etc.)
47H40: Random operators
47H50: Potential operators
47H60: Multilinear and polynomial operators
 47H99: None of the above, but in this section
47Jxx: Equations and inequalities involving nonlinear operators
47J05: Equations involving nonlinear operators (general)
47J06: Nonlinear ill-posed problems
47J07: Abstract inverse mapping and implicit function theorems
47J10: Nonlinear eigenvalue problems
47J15: Abstract bifurcation theory
47J20: Variational and other types of inequalities involving nonlinear
operators (general)
47J25: Methods for solving nonlinear operator equations (general)
47J30: Variational methods
47J35: Nonlinear evolution equations
47J40: Equations with hysteresis operators
47J99: None of the above, but in this section
47Lxx: Linear spaces and algebras of operators
47L05: Linear spaces of operators
47L07: Convex sets and cones of operators
47L10: Algebras of operators on Banach spaces and other topological linear
spaces
47L15: Operator algebras with symbol structure
47L20: Operator ideals
47L25: Operator spaces (= matricially normed spaces)
47L30: Abstract operator algebras on Hilbert spaces
47L35: Nest algebras, CSL algebras
47L40: Limit algebras, subalgebras of $C^*$-algebras
47L45: Dual algebras; weakly closed singly generated operator algebras
47L50: Dual spaces of operator algebras
47L55: Representations of (nonselfadjoint) operator algebras
47L60: Algebras of unbounded operators; partial algebras of operators
47L65: Crossed product algebras (analytic crossed products)
47L70: Nonassociative nonselfadjoint operator algebras
47L75: Other nonselfadjoint operator algebras
47L80: Algebras of specific types of operators (Toeplitz, integral,
pseudodifferential, etc.)
47L90: Applications of operator algebras to physics
47L99: None of the above, but in this section
47Nxx: Miscellaneous applications of operator theory
47N10: Applications in optimization, convex analysis, mathematical
programming, economics
47N20: Applications to differential and integral equations
47N30: Applications in probability theory and statistics
47N40: Applications in numerical analysis
47N50: Applications in quantum physics
47N55: Applications in statistical physics
47N60: Applications in biology and other sciences
47N70: Applications in systems theory, circuits, etc.
47N99: None of the above, but in this section
47Sxx: Other (nonclassical) types of operator theory
47S10: Operator theory over fields other than <B>R</B>, <B>C</B> or the
quaternions; non-Archimedean operator theory
47S20: Nonstandard operator theory
 47S30: Constructive operator theory
47S40: Fuzzy operator theory
47S50: Operator theory in probabilistic metric linear spaces
47S99: None of the above, but in this section
49-xx: Calculus of variations and optimal control; optimization
49-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
49-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
49-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
49-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
49-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
49-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
49Jxx: Existence theories
49J05: Free problems in one independent variable
49J10: Free problems in two or more independent variables
49J15: Optimal control problems involving ordinary differential equations
49J20: Optimal control problems involving partial differential equations
49J22: Optimal control problems involving integral equations
49J24: Optimal control problems involving differential inclusions
49J25: Optimal control problems involving equations with retarded arguments
49J27: Problems in abstract spaces
49J30: Optimal solutions belonging to restricted classes (Lipschitz controls,
bang-bang controls, etc.)
49J35: Minimax problems
49J40: Variational methods including variational inequalities
49J45: Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation
49J50: Fréchet and Gateaux differentiability
49J52: Nonsmooth analysis
49J53: Set-valued and variational analysis
49J55: Problems involving randomness
49J99: None of the above, but in this section
49Kxx: Necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for optimality
49K05: Free problems in one independent variable
49K10: Free problems in two or more independent variables
49K15: Problems involving ordinary differential equations
49K20: Problems involving partial differential equations
49K22: Problems involving integral equations
49K24: Problems involving differential inclusions
49K25: Problems involving equations with retarded arguments
49K27: Problems in abstract spaces
49K30: Optimal solutions belonging to restricted classes
49K35: Minimax problems
49K40: Sensitivity, stability, well-posedness
49K45: Problems involving randomness
49K99: None of the above, but in this section
49Lxx: Hamilton-Jacobi theories, including dynamic programming
49L20: Dynamic programming method
49L25: Viscosity solutions
49L99: None of the above, but in this section
49Mxx: Methods of successive approximations
 49M05: Methods based on necessary conditions
49M15: Methods of Newton-Raphson, Galerkin and Ritz types
49M20: Methods of relaxation type
49M25: Discrete approximations
49M27: Decomposition methods
49M29: Methods involving duality
49M30: Other methods, not based on necessary conditions (penalty function,
etc.)
49M37: Methods of nonlinear programming type
49M99: None of the above, but in this section
49Nxx: Miscellaneous topics
49N05: Linear optimal control problems
49N10: Linear-quadratic problems
49N15: Duality theory
49N20: Periodic optimization
49N25: Impulsive optimal control problems
49N30: Problems with incomplete information
49N35: Optimal feedback synthesis
49N45: Inverse problems
49N60: Regularity of solutions
49N70: Differential games
49N75: Pursuit and evasion games
49N90: Applications of optimal control and differential games
49N99: None of the above, but in this section
49Qxx: Manifolds
49Q05: Minimal surfaces
49Q10: Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces
49Q12: Sensitivity analysis
49Q15: Geometric measure and integration theory, integral and normal
currents
49Q20: Variational problems in a geometric measure-theoretic setting
49Q99: None of the above, but in this section
49R50: Variational methods for eigenvalues of operators
49S05: Variational principles of physics
51-xx: Geometry
51-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
51-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
51-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
51-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
51-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
51-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
51Axx: Linear incidence geometry
51A05: General theory and projective geometries
51A10: Homomorphism, automorphism and dualities
51A15: Structures with parallelism
51A20: Configuration theorems
51A25: Algebraization
51A30: Desarguesian and Pappian geometries
51A35: Non-Desarguesian affine and projective planes
 51A40: Translation planes and spreads
51A45: Incidence structures imbeddable into projective geometries
51A50: Polar geometry, symplectic spaces, orthogonal spaces
51A99: None of the above, but in this section
51Bxx: Nonlinear incidence geometry
51B05: General theory
51B10: Möbius geometries
51B15: Laguerre geometries
51B20: Minkowski geometries
51B25: Lie geometries
51B99: None of the above, but in this section
51C05: Ring geometry (Hjelmslev, Barbilian, etc.)
51Dxx: Geometric closure systems
51D05: Abstract (Maeda) geometries
51D10: Abstract geometries with exchange axiom
51D15: Abstract geometries with parallelism
51D20: Combinatorial geometries
51D25: Lattices of subspaces
51D30: Continuous geometries and related topics
51D99: None of the above, but in this section
51Exx: Finite geometry and special incidence structures
51E05: General block designs
51E10: Steiner systems
51E12: Generalized quadrangles, generalized polygons
51E14: Finite partial geometries (general), nets, partial spreads
51E15: Affine and projective planes
51E20: Combinatorial structures in finite projective spaces
51E21: Blocking sets, ovals, $k$-arcs
51E22: Linear codes and caps in Galois spaces
51E23: Spreads and packing problems
51E24: Buildings and the geometry of diagrams
51E25: Other finite nonlinear geometries
51E26: Other finite linear geometries
51E30: Other finite incidence structures
51E99: None of the above, but in this section
51Fxx: Metric geometry
51F05: Absolute planes
51F10: Absolute spaces
51F15: Reflection groups, reflection geometries
51F20: Congruence and orthogonality
51F25: Orthogonal and unitary groups
51F99: None of the above, but in this section
51G05: Ordered geometries (ordered incidence structures, etc.)
51Hxx: Topological geometry
51H05: General theory
51H10: Topological linear incidence structures
51H15: Topological nonlinear incidence structures
51H20: Topological geometries on manifolds
51H25: Geometries with differentiable structure
51H30: Geometries with algebraic manifold structure
51H99: None of the above, but in this section
 51Jxx: Incidence groups
51J05: General theory
51J10: Projective incidence groups
51J15: Kinematic spaces
51J20: Representation by near-fields and near-algebras
51J99: None of the above, but in this section
51Kxx: Distance geometry
51K05: General theory
51K10: Synthetic differential geometry
51K99: None of the above, but in this section
51Lxx: Geometric order structures
51L05: Geometry of orders of nondifferentiable curves
51L10: Directly differentiable curves
51L15: $n$-vertex theorems via direct methods
51L20: Geometry of orders of surfaces
51L99: None of the above, but in this section
51Mxx: Real and complex geometry
51M04: Elementary problems in Euclidean geometries
51M05: Euclidean geometries (general) and generalizations
51M09: Elementary problems in hyperbolic and elliptic geometries
51M10: Hyperbolic and elliptic geometries (general) and generalizations
51M15: Geometric constructions
51M16: Inequalities and extremum problems
51M20: Polyhedra and polytopes; regular figures, division of spaces
51M25: Length, area and volume
51M30: Line geometries and their generalizations
51M35: Synthetic treatment of fundamental manifolds in projective geometries
(Grassmannians, Veronesians and their generalizations)
51M99: None of the above, but in this section
51Nxx: Analytic and descriptive geometry
51N05: Descriptive geometry
51N10: Affine analytic geometry
51N15: Projective analytic geometry
51N20: Euclidean analytic geometry
51N25: Analytic geometry with other transformation groups
51N30: Geometry of classical groups
51N35: Questions of classical algebraic geometry
51N99: None of the above, but in this section
51P05: Geometry and physics (should also be assigned at least one other
classification number from Sections 70--86)
52-xx: Convex and discrete geometry
52-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
52-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
52-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
52-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
52-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
52-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
52Axx: General convexity
52A01: Axiomatic and generalized convexity
 52A05: Convex sets without dimension restrictions
52A07: Convex sets in topological vector spaces
52A10: Convex sets in $2$ dimensions (including convex curves)
52A15: Convex sets in $3$ dimensions (including convex surfaces)
52A20: Convex sets in $n$ dimensions (including convex hypersurfaces)
52A21: Finite-dimensional Banach spaces (including special norms, zonoids,
etc.)
52A22: Random convex sets and integral geometry
52A27: Approximation by convex sets
52A30: Variants of convex sets (star-shaped, ($m, n$)-convex, etc.)
52A35: Helly-type theorems and geometric transversal theory
52A37: Other problems of combinatorial convexity
52A38: Length, area, volume
52A39: Mixed volumes and related topics
52A40: Inequalities and extremum problems
52A41: Convex functions and convex programs
52A55: Spherical and hyperbolic convexity
52A99: None of the above, but in this section
52Bxx: Polytopes and polyhedra
52B05: Combinatorial properties (number of faces, shortest paths, etc.)
52B10: Three-dimensional polytopes
52B11: $n$-dimensional polytopes
52B12: Special polytopes (linear programming, centrally symmetric, etc.)
52B15: Symmetry properties of polytopes
52B20: Lattice polytopes (including relations with commutative algebra and
algebraic geometry)
52B22: Shellability
52B35: Gale and other diagrams
52B40: Matroids (realizations in the context of convex polytopes, convexity in
combinatorial structures, etc.)
52B45: Dissections and valuations (Hilbert's third problem, etc.)
52B55: Computational aspects related to convexity
52B60: Isoperimetric problems for polytopes
52B70: Polyhedral manifolds
52B99: None of the above, but in this section
52Cxx: Discrete geometry
52C05: Lattices and convex bodies in $2$ dimensions
52C07: Lattices and convex bodies in $n$ dimensions
52C10: Erdös problems and related topics of discrete geometry
52C15: Packing and covering in $2$ dimensions
52C17: Packing and covering in $n$ dimensions
52C20: Tilings in $2$ dimensions
52C22: Tilings in $n$ dimensions
52C23: Quasicrystals, aperiodic tilings
52C25: Rigidity and flexibility of structures
52C26: Circle packings and discrete conformal geometry
52C30: Planar arrangements of lines and pseudolines
52C35: Arrangements of points, flats, hyperplanes
52C40: Oriented matroids
52C45: Combinatorial complexity of geometric structures
52C99: None of the above, but in this section
53-xx: Differential geometry
53-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
53-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
53-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
53-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
53-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
53-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
53Axx: Classical differential geometry
53A04: Curves in Euclidean space
53A05: Surfaces in Euclidean space
53A07: Higher-dimensional and -codimensional surfaces in Euclidean $n$-
space
53A10: Minimal surfaces, surfaces with prescribed mean curvature
53A15: Affine differential geometry
53A17: Kinematics
53A20: Projective differential geometry
53A25: Differential line geometry
53A30: Conformal differential geometry
53A35: Non-Euclidean differential geometry
53A40: Other special differential geometries
53A45: Vector and tensor analysis
53A55: Differential invariants (local theory), geometric objects
53A60: Geometry of webs
53A99: None of the above, but in this section
53Bxx: Local differential geometry
53B05: Linear and affine connections
53B10: Projective connections
53B15: Other connections
53B20: Local Riemannian geometry
53B21: Methods of Riemannian geometry
53B25: Local submanifolds
53B30: Lorentz metrics, indefinite metrics
53B35: Hermitian and Kählerian structures
53B40: Finsler spaces and generalizations (areal metrics)
53B50: Applications to physics
53B99: None of the above, but in this section
53Cxx: Global differential geometry
53C05: Connections, general theory
53C07: Special connections and metrics on vector bundles (Hermite-Einstein-
Yang-Mills)
53C10: $G$-structures
53C12: Foliations (differential geometric aspects)
53C15: General geometric structures on manifolds (almost complex, almost
product structures, etc.)
53C17: Sub-Riemannian geometry
53C20: Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching
53C21: Methods of Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature
restrictions
53C22: Geodesics
 53C23: Global topological methods (à la Gromov)
53C24: Rigidity results
53C25: Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.)
53C26: Hyper-Kähler and quaternionic Kähler geometry, ``special'' geometry
53C27: Spin and Spin$^c$ geometry
53C28: Twistor methods
53C29: Issues of holonomy
53C30: Homogeneous manifolds
53C35: Symmetric spaces
53C38: Calibrations and calibrated geometries
53C40: Global submanifolds
53C42: Immersions (minimal, prescribed curvature, tight, etc.)
53C43: Differential geometric aspects of harmonic maps
53C44: Geometric evolution equations (mean curvature flow)
53C45: Global surface theory (convex surfaces à la A. D. Aleksandrov)
53C50: Lorentz manifolds, manifolds with indefinite metrics
53C55: Hermitian and Kählerian manifolds
53C56: Other complex differential geometry
53C60: Finsler spaces and generalizations (areal metrics)
53C65: Integral geometry; differential forms, currents, etc.
53C70: Direct methods ($G$-spaces of Busemann, etc.)
53C75: Geometric orders, order geometry
53C80: Applications to physics
53C99: None of the above, but in this section
53Dxx: Symplectic geometry, contact geometry
53D05: Symplectic manifolds, general
53D10: Contact manifolds, general
53D12: Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index
53D15: Almost contact and almost symplectic manifolds
53D17: Poisson manifolds
53D20: Momentum maps; symplectic reduction
53D22: Canonical transformations
53D25: Geodesic flows
53D30: Symplectic structures of moduli spaces
53D35: Global theory of symplectic and contact manifolds
53D40: Floer homology and cohomology, symplectic aspects
53D45: Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Frobenius manifolds
53D50: Geometric quantization
53D55: Deformation quantization, star products
53D99: None of the above, but in this section
53Z05: Applications to physics
54-xx: General topology
54-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
54-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
54-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
54-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
54-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
54-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
54Axx: Generalities
 54A05: Topological spaces and generalizations (closure spaces, etc.)
54A10: Several topologies on one set (change of topology, comparison of
topologies, lattices of topologies)
54A15: Syntopogeneous structures
54A20: Convergence in general topology (sequences, filters, limits, convergence
spaces, etc.)
54A25: Cardinality properties (cardinal functions and inequalities, discrete
subsets)
54A35: Consistency and independence results
54A40: Fuzzy topology
54A99: None of the above, but in this section
54Bxx: Basic constructions
54B05: Subspaces
54B10: Product spaces
54B15: Quotient spaces, decompositions
54B17: Adjunction spaces and similar constructions
54B20: Hyperspaces
54B30: Categorical methods
54B35: Spectra
54B40: Presheaves and sheaves
54B99: None of the above, but in this section
54Cxx: Maps and general types of spaces defined by maps
54C05: Continuous maps
54C08: Weak and generalized continuity
54C10: Special maps on topological spaces (open, closed, perfect, etc.)
54C15: Retraction
54C20: Extension of maps
54C25: Embedding
54C30: Real-valued functions
54C35: Function spaces
54C40: Algebraic properties of function spaces
54C45: $C$- and $C^*$-embedding
54C50: Special sets defined by functions
54C55: Absolute neighborhood extensor, absolute extensor, absolute
neighborhood retract (ANR), absolute retract spaces (general properties)
54C56: Shape theory
54C60: Set-valued maps
54C65: Selections
54C70: Entropy
54C99: None of the above, but in this section
54Dxx: Fairly general properties
54D05: Connected and locally connected spaces (general aspects)
54D10: Lower separation axioms ($T_0$--$T_3$, etc.)
54D15: Higher separation axioms (completely regular, normal, perfectly or
collectionwise normal, etc.)
54D20: Noncompact covering properties (paracompact, Lindelöf, etc.)
54D25: ``$P$-minimal'' and ``$P$-closed'' spaces
54D30: Compactness
54D35: Extensions of spaces (compactifications, supercompactifications,
completions, etc.)
54D40: Remainders
 54D45: Local compactness, $\sigma$-compactness
54D50: $k$-spaces
54D55: Sequential spaces
54D60: Realcompactness and realcompactification
54D65: Separability
54D70: Base properties
54D80: Special constructions of spaces (spaces of ultrafilters, etc.)
54D99: None of the above, but in this section
54Exx: Spaces with richer structures
54E05: Proximity structures and generalizations
54E15: Uniform structures and generalizations
54E17: Nearness spaces
54E18: $p$-spaces, $M$-spaces, $\sigma$-spaces, etc.
54E20: Stratifiable spaces, cosmic spaces, etc.
54E25: Semimetric spaces
54E30: Moore spaces
54E35: Metric spaces, metrizability
54E40: Special maps on metric spaces
54E45: Compact (locally compact) metric spaces
54E50: Complete metric spaces
54E52: Baire category, Baire spaces
54E55: Bitopologies
54E70: Probabilistic metric spaces
54E99: None of the above, but in this section
54Fxx: Special properties
54F05: Linearly ordered topological spaces, generalized ordered spaces, and
partially ordered spaces
54F15: Continua and generalizations
54F35: Higher-dimensional local connectedness
54F45: Dimension theory
54F50: Spaces of dimension $\leq 1$; curves, dendrites
54F55: Unicoherence, multicoherence
54F65: Topological characterizations of particular spaces
54F99: None of the above, but in this section
54Gxx: Peculiar spaces
54G05: Extremally disconnected spaces, $F$-spaces, etc.
54G10: $P$-spaces
54G12: Scattered spaces
54G15: Pathological spaces
54G20: Counterexamples
54G99: None of the above, but in this section
54Hxx: Connections with other structures, applications
54H05: Descriptive set theory (topological aspects of Borel, analytic, projective,
etc. sets)
54H10: Topological representations of algebraic systems
54H11: Topological groups
54H12: Topological lattices, etc.
54H13: Topological fields, rings, etc.
54H15: Transformation groups and semigroups
54H20: Topological dynamics
54H25: Fixed-point and coincidence theorems
 54H99: None of the above, but in this section
54J05: Nonstandard topology
55-xx: Algebraic topology
55-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
55-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
55-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
55-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
55-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
55-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
55Mxx: Classical topics
55M05: Duality
55M10: Dimension theory
55M15: Absolute neighborhood retracts
55M20: Fixed points and coincidences
55M25: Degree, winding number
55M30: Ljusternik-Schnirelman (Lyusternik-Shnirelman) category of a space
55M35: Finite groups of transformations (including Smith theory)
55M99: None of the above, but in this section
55Nxx: Homology and cohomology theories
55N05: Cech types
55N07: Steenrod-Sitnikov homologies
55N10: Singular theory
55N15: $K$-theory
55N20: Generalized (extraordinary) homology and cohomology theories
55N22: Bordism and cobordism theories, formal group laws
55N25: Homology with local coefficients, equivariant cohomology
55N30: Sheaf cohomology
55N33: Intersection homology and cohomology
55N34: Elliptic cohomology
55N35: Other homology theories
55N40: Axioms for homology theory and uniqueness theorems
55N45: Products and intersections
55N91: Equivariant homology and cohomology
55N99: None of the above, but in this section
55Pxx: Homotopy theory
55P05: Homotopy extension properties, cofibrations
55P10: Homotopy equivalences
55P15: Classification of homotopy type
55P20: Eilenberg-Mac Lane spaces
55P25: Spanier-Whitehead duality
55P30: Eckmann-Hilton duality
55P35: Loop spaces
55P40: Suspensions
55P42: Stable homotopy theory, spectra
55P43: Spectra with additional structure ($E_\infty$, $A_\infty$, ring spectra,
etc.)
55P45: ${H]$-spaces and duals
55P47: Infinite loop spaces
55P48: Loop space machines, operads
 55P55: Shape theory
55P57: Proper homotopy theory
55P60: Localization and completion
55P62: Rational homotopy theory
55P65: Homotopy functors
55P91: Equivariant homotopy theory
55P92: Relations between equivariant and nonequivariant homotopy theory
55P99: None of the above, but in this section
55Qxx: Homotopy groups
55Q05: Homotopy groups, general; sets of homotopy classes
55Q07: Shape groups
55Q10: Stable homotopy groups
55Q15: Whitehead products and generalizations
55Q20: Homotopy groups of wedges, joins, and simple spaces
55Q25: Hopf invariants
55Q35: Operations in homotopy groups
55Q40: Homotopy groups of spheres
55Q45: Stable homotopy of spheres
55Q50: $J$-morphism
55Q51: $v_n$-periodicity
55Q52: Homotopy groups of special spaces
55Q55: Cohomotopy groups
55Q70: Homotopy groups of special types
55Q91: Equivariant homotopy groups
55Q99: None of the above, but in this section
55Rxx: Fiber spaces and bundles
55R05: Fiber spaces
55R10: Fiber bundles
55R12: Transfer
55R15: Classification
55R20: Spectral sequences and homology of fiber spaces
55R25: Sphere bundles and vector bundles
55R35: Classifying spaces of groups and ${H]$-spaces
55R37: Maps between classifying spaces
55R40: Homology of classifying spaces, characteristic classes
55R45: Homology and homotopy of $B{\rm O]$ and $B{\rm U]$; Bott periodicity
55R50: Stable classes of vector space bundles, $K$-theory
55R55: Fiberings with singularities
55R60: Microbundles and block bundles
55R65: Generalizations of fiber spaces and bundles
55R70: Fibrewise topology
55R80: Discriminantal varieties, configuration spaces
55R91: Equivariant fiber spaces and bundles
55R99: None of the above, but in this section
55Sxx: Operations and obstructions
55S05: Primary cohomology operations
55S10: Steenrod algebra
55S12: Dyer-Lashof operations
55S15: Symmetric products, cyclic products
55S20: Secondary and higher cohomology operations
55S25: $K$-theory operations and generalized cohomology operations
 55S30: Massey products
55S35: Obstruction theory
55S36: Extension and compression of mappings
55S37: Classification of mappings
55S40: Sectioning fiber spaces and bundles
55S45: Postnikov systems, $k$-invariants
55S91: Equivariant operations and obstructions
55S99: None of the above, but in this section
55Txx: Spectral sequences
55T05: General
55T10: Serre spectral sequences
55T15: Adams spectral sequences
55T20: Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequences
55T25: Generalized cohomology
55T99: None of the above, but in this section
55Uxx: Applied homological algebra and category theory
55U05: Abstract complexes
55U10: Simplicial sets and complexes
55U15: Chain complexes
55U20: Universal coefficient theorems, Bockstein operator
55U25: Homology of a product, Künneth formula
55U30: Duality
55U35: Abstract and axiomatic homotopy theory
55U40: Topological categories, foundations of homotopy theory
55U99: None of the above, but in this section
57-xx: Manifolds and cell complexes
57-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
57-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
57-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
57-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
57-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
57-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
57Mxx: Low-dimensional topology
57M05: Fundamental group, presentations, free differential calculus
57M07: Topological methods in group theory
57M10: Covering spaces
57M12: Special coverings, e.g. branched
57M15: Relations with graph theory
57M20: Two-dimensional complexes
57M25: Knots and links in $S^3$
57M27: Invariants of knots and 3-manifolds
57M30: Wild knots and surfaces, etc., wild embeddings
57M35: Dehn's lemma, sphere theorem, loop theorem, asphericity
57M40: Characterizations of $E^3$ and $S^3$ (Poincaré conjecture)
57M50: Geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds
57M60: Group actions in low dimensions
57M99: None of the above, but in this section
57Nxx: Topological manifolds
57N05: Topology of $E^2$, $2$-manifolds
 57N10: Topology of general $3$-manifolds
57N12: Topology of $E^3$ and $S^3$
57N13: Topology of $E^4$, $4$-manifolds
57N15: Topology of $E^n$, $n$-manifolds ($4 &lt; n &lt; \infty$)
57N16: Geometric structures on manifolds
57N17: Topology of topological vector spaces
57N20: Topology of infinite-dimensional manifolds
57N25: Shapes
57N30: Engulfing
57N35: Embeddings and immersions
57N37: Isotopy and pseudo-isotopy
57N40: Neighborhoods of submanifolds
57N45: Flatness and tameness
57N50: $S^{n-1]\subset E^n$, Schoenflies problem
57N55: Microbundles and block bundles
57N60: Cellularity
57N65: Algebraic topology of manifolds
57N70: Cobordism and concordance
57N75: General position and transversality
57N80: Stratifications
57N99: None of the above, but in this section
57Pxx: Generalized manifolds
57P05: Local properties of generalized manifolds
57P10: Poincaré duality spaces
57P99: None of the above, but in this section
57Qxx: PL-topology
57Q05: General topology of complexes
57Q10: Simple homotopy type, Whitehead torsion, Reidemeister-Franz torsion,
etc.
57Q12: Wall finiteness obstruction for CW-complexes
57Q15: Triangulating manifolds
57Q20: Cobordism
57Q25: Comparison of PL-structures: classification, Hauptvermutung
57Q30: Engulfing
57Q35: Embeddings and immersions
57Q37: Isotopy
57Q40: Regular neighborhoods
57Q45: Knots and links (in high dimensions)
57Q50: Microbundles and block bundles
57Q55: Approximations
57Q60: Cobordism and concordance
57Q65: General position and transversality
57Q91: Equivariant PL-topology
57Q99: None of the above, but in this section
57Rxx: Differential topology
57R05: Triangulating
57R10: Smoothing
57R12: Smooth approximations
57R15: Specialized structures on manifolds (spin manifolds, framed manifolds,
etc.)
57R17: Symplectic and contact topology
 57R19: Algebraic topology on manifolds
57R20: Characteristic classes and numbers
57R22: Topology of vector bundles and fiber bundles
57R25: Vector fields, frame fields
57R27: Controllability of vector fields on $C^\infty$ and real-analytic manifolds
57R30: Foliations; geometric theory
57R32: Classifying spaces for foliations; Gelfand-Fuks cohomology
57R35: Differentiable mappings
57R40: Embeddings
57R42: Immersions
57R45: Singularities of differentiable mappings
57R50: Diffeomorphisms
57R52: Isotopy
57R55: Differentiable structures
57R56: Topological quantum field theories
57R57: Applications of global analysis to structures on manifolds, Donaldson
and Seiberg-Witten invariants
57R58: Floer homology
57R60: Homotopy spheres, Poincaré conjecture
57R65: Surgery and handlebodies
57R67: Surgery obstructions, Wall groups
57R70: Critical points and critical submanifolds
57R75: O- and SO-cobordism
57R77: Complex cobordism (U- and SU-cobordism)
57R80: $h$- and $s$-cobordism
57R85: Equivariant cobordism
57R90: Other types of cobordism
57R91: Equivariant algebraic topology of manifolds
57R95: Realizing cycles by submanifolds
57R99: None of the above, but in this section
57Sxx: Topological transformation groups
57S05: Topological properties of groups of homeomorphisms or
diffeomorphisms
57S10: Compact groups of homeomorphisms
57S15: Compact Lie groups of differentiable transformations
57S17: Finite transformation groups
57S20: Noncompact Lie groups of transformations
57S25: Groups acting on specific manifolds
57S30: Discontinuous groups of transformations
57S99: None of the above, but in this section
57Txx: Homology and homotopy of topological groups and related structures
57T05: Hopf algebras
57T10: Homology and cohomology of Lie groups
57T15: Homology and cohomology of homogeneous spaces of Lie groups
57T20: Homotopy groups of topological groups and homogeneous spaces
57T25: Homology and cohomology of ${H]$-spaces
57T30: Bar and cobar constructions
57T35: Applications of Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequences
57T99: None of the above, but in this section
58-xx: Global analysis, analysis on manifolds
58-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
58-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
58-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
58-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
58-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
58-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
58Axx: General theory of differentiable manifolds
58A03: Topos-theoretic approach to differentiable manifolds
58A05: Differentiable manifolds, foundations
58A07: Real-analytic and Nash manifolds
58A10: Differential forms
58A12: de Rham theory
58A14: Hodge theory
58A15: Exterior differential systems (Cartan theory)
58A17: Pfaffian systems
58A20: Jets
58A25: Currents
58A30: Vector distributions (subbundles of the tangent bundles)
58A32: Natural bundles
58A35: Stratified sets
58A40: Differential spaces
58A50: Supermanifolds and graded manifolds
58A99: None of the above, but in this section
58Bxx: Infinite-dimensional manifolds
58B05: Homotopy and topological questions
58B10: Differentiability questions
58B12: Questions of holomorphy
58B15: Fredholm structures
58B20: Riemannian, Finsler and other geometric structures
58B25: Group structures and generalizations on infinite-dimensional manifolds
58B32: Geometry of quantum groups
58B34: Noncommutative geometry (à la Connes)
58B99: None of the above, but in this section
58Cxx: Calculus on manifolds; nonlinear operators
58C05: Real-valued functions
58C06: Set valued and function-space valued mappings
58C07: Continuity properties of mappings
58C10: Holomorphic maps
58C15: Implicit function theorems; global Newton methods
58C20: Differentiation theory (Gateaux, Fréchet, etc.)
58C25: Differentiable maps
58C30: Fixed point theorems on manifolds
58C35: Integration on manifolds; measures on manifolds
58C40: Spectral theory; eigenvalue problems
58C50: Analysis on supermanifolds or graded manifolds
58C99: None of the above, but in this section
58Dxx: Spaces and manifolds of mappings (including nonlinear versions of 46Exx)
58D05: Groups of diffeomorphisms and homeomorphisms as manifolds
58D07: Groups and semigroups of nonlinear operators
58D10: Spaces of imbeddings and immersions
 58D15: Manifolds of mappings
58D17: Manifolds of metrics (esp. Riemannian)
58D19: Group actions and symmetry properties
58D20: Measures (Gaussian, cylindrical, etc.) on manifolds of maps
58D25: Equations in function spaces; evolution equations
58D27: Moduli problems for differential geometric structures
58D29: Moduli problems for topological structures
58D30: Applications (in quantum mechanics (Feynman path integrals),
relativity, fluid dynamics, etc.)
58D99: None of the above, but in this section
58Exx: Variational problems in infinite-dimensional spaces
58E05: Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Ljusternik-Schnirelman
(Lyusternik-Shnirelman) theory, etc.)
58E07: Abstract bifurcation theory
58E09: Group-invariant bifurcation theory
58E10: Applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent
variable)
58E11: Critical metrics
58E12: Applications to minimal surfaces (problems in two independent
variables)
58E15: Application to extremal problems in several variables; Yang-Mills
functionals, etc.
58E17: Pareto optimality, etc., applications to economics
58E20: Harmonic maps, etc.
58E25: Applications to control theory
58E30: Variational principles
58E35: Variational inequalities (global problems)
58E40: Group actions
58E50: Applications
58E99: None of the above, but in this section
58Hxx: Pseudogroups, differentiable groupoids and general structures on manifolds
58H05: Pseudogroups and differentiable groupoids
58H10: Cohomology of classifying spaces for pseudogroup structures (Spencer,
Gelfand-Fuks, etc.)
58H15: Deformations of structures
58H99: None of the above, but in this section
58Jxx: Partial differential equations on manifolds; differential operators
58J05: Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory
58J10: Differential complexes; elliptic complexes
58J15: Relations with hyperfunctions
58J20: Index theory and related fixed point theorems
58J22: Exotic index theories
58J26: Elliptic genera
58J28: Eta-invariants, Chern-Simons invariants
58J30: Spectral flows
58J32: Boundary value problems on manifolds
58J35: Heat and other parabolic equation methods
58J37: Perturbations; asymptotics
58J40: Pseudodifferential and Fourier integral operators on manifolds
58J42: Noncommutative global analysis, noncommutative residues
58J45: Hyperbolic equations
 58J47: Propagation of singularities; initial value problems
58J50: Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory
58J52: Determinants and determinant bundles, analytic torsion
58J53: Isospectrality
58J55: Bifurcation
58J60: Relations with special manifold structures (Riemannian, Finsler, etc.)
58J65: Diffusion processes and stochastic analysis on manifolds
58J70: Invariance and symmetry properties
58J72: Correspondences and other transformation methods (e.g. Lie-Bäcklund)
58J90: Applications
58J99: None of the above, but in this section
58Kxx: Theory of singularities and catastrophe theory
58K05: Critical points of functions and mappings
58K10: Monodromy
58K15: Topological properties of mappings
58K20: Algebraic and analytic properties of mappings
58K25: Stability
58K30: Global theory
58K35: Catastrophe theory
58K40: Classification; finite determinacy of map germs
58K45: Singularities of vector fields, topological aspects
58K50: Normal forms
58K55: Asymptotic behavior
58K60: Deformation of singularities
58K65: Topological invariants
58K70: Symmetries, equivariance
58K99: None of the above, but in this section
58Z05: Applications to physics
60-xx: Probability theory and stochastic processes
60-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
60-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
60-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
60-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
60-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
60-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
60-08: Computational methods (not classified at a more specific level)
60Axx: Foundations of probability theory
60A05: Axioms; other general questions
60A10: Probabilistic measure theory
60A99: None of the above, but in this section
60Bxx: Probability theory on algebraic and topological structures
60B05: Probability measures on topological spaces
60B10: Convergence of probability measures
60B11: Probability theory on linear topological spaces
60B12: Limit theorems for vector-valued random variables (infinite-
dimensional case)
60B15: Probability measures on groups, Fourier transforms, factorization
60B99: None of the above, but in this section
60C05: Combinatorial probability
 60D05: Geometric probability, stochastic geometry, random sets
60Exx: Distribution theory
60E05: Distributions: general theory
60E07: Infinitely divisible distributions; stable distributions
60E10: Characteristic functions; other transforms
60E15: Inequalities; stochastic orderings
60E99: None of the above, but in this section
60Fxx: Limit theorems
60F05: Central limit and other weak theorems
60F10: Large deviations
60F15: Strong theorems
60F17: Functional limit theorems; invariance principles
60F20: Zero-one laws
60F25: $L^p$-limit theorems
60F99: None of the above, but in this section
60Gxx: Stochastic processes
60G05: Foundations of stochastic processes
60G07: General theory of processes
60G09: Exchangeability
60G10: Stationary processes
60G12: General second-order processes
60G15: Gaussian processes
60G17: Sample path properties
60G18: Self-similar processes
60G20: Generalized stochastic processes
60G25: Prediction theory
60G30: Continuity and singularity of induced measures
60G35: Applications (signal detection, filtering, etc.)
60G40: Stopping times; optimal stopping problems; gambling theory
60G42: Martingales with discrete parameter
60G44: Martingales with continuous parameter
60G46: Martingales and classical analysis
60G48: Generalizations of martingales
60G50: Sums of independent random variables; random walks
60G51: Processes with independent increments
60G52: Stable processes
60G55: Point processes
60G57: Random measures
60G60: Random fields
60G70: Extreme value theory; extremal processes
60G99: None of the above, but in this section
60Hxx: Stochastic analysis
60H05: Stochastic integrals
60H07: Stochastic calculus of variations and the Malliavin calculus
60H10: Stochastic ordinary differential equations
60H15: Stochastic partial differential equations
60H20: Stochastic integral equations
60H25: Random operators and equations
60H30: Applications of stochastic analysis (to PDE, etc.)
60H35: Computational methods for stochastic equations
60H40: White noise theory
 60H99: None of the above, but in this section
60Jxx: Markov processes
60J05: Markov processes with discrete parameter
60J10: Markov chains with discrete parameter
60J20: Applications of discrete Markov processes (social mobility, learning
theory, industrial processes, etc.)
60J22: Computational methods in Markov chains
60J25: Markov processes with continuous parameter
60J27: Markov chains with continuous parameter
60J35: Transition functions, generators and resolvents
60J40: Right processes
60J45: Probabilistic potential theory
60J50: Boundary theory
60J55: Local time and additive functionals
60J57: Multiplicative functionals
60J60: Diffusion processes
60J65: Brownian motion
60J70: Applications of diffusion theory (population genetics, absorption
problems, etc.)
60J75: Jump processes
60J80: Branching processes (Galton-Watson, birth-and-death, etc.)
60J85: Applications of branching processes
60J99: None of the above, but in this section
60Kxx: Special processes
60K05: Renewal theory
60K10: Applications (reliability, demand theory, etc.)
60K15: Markov renewal processes, semi-Markov processes
60K20: Applications of Markov renewal processes (reliability, queueing
networks, etc.)
60K25: Queueing theory
60K30: Applications (congestion, allocation, storage, traffic, etc.)
60K35: Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models;
percolation theory
60K37: Processes in random environments
60K40: Other physical applications of random processes
60K99: None of the above, but in this section
62-xx: Statistics
62-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
62-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
62-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
62-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
62-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
62-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
62-07: Data analysis
62-09: Graphical methods
62A01: Foundational and philosophical topics
62Bxx: Sufficiency and information
62B05: Sufficient statistics and fields
62B10: Information-theoretic topics
 62B15: Theory of statistical experiments
62B99: None of the above, but in this section
62Cxx: Decision theory
62C05: General considerations
62C07: Complete class results
62C10: Bayesian problems; characterization of Bayes procedures
62C12: Empirical decision procedures; empirical Bayes procedures
62C15: Admissibility
62C20: Minimax procedures
62C25: Compound decision problems
62C99: None of the above, but in this section
62D05: Sampling theory, sample surveys
62Exx: Distribution theory
62E10: Characterization and structure theory
62E15: Exact distribution theory
62E17: Approximations to distributions (nonasymptotic)
62E20: Asymptotic distribution theory
62E99: None of the above, but in this section
62Fxx: Parametric inference
62F03: Hypothesis testing
62F05: Asymptotic properties of tests
62F07: Ranking and selection
62F10: Point estimation
62F12: Asymptotic properties of estimators
62F15: Bayesian inference
62F25: Tolerance and confidence regions
62F30: Inference under constraints
62F35: Robustness and adaptive procedures
62F40: Bootstrap, jackknife and other resampling methods
62F99: None of the above, but in this section
62Gxx: Nonparametric inference
62G05: Estimation
62G07: Density estimation
62G08: Nonparametric regression
62G09: Resampling methods
62G10: Hypothesis testing
62G15: Tolerance and confidence regions
62G20: Asymptotic properties
62G30: Order statistics; empirical distribution functions
62G32: Statistics of extreme values; tail inference
62G35: Robustness
62G99: None of the above, but in this section
62Hxx: Multivariate analysis
62H05: Characterization and structure theory
62H10: Distribution of statistics
62H11: Directional data; spatial statistics
62H12: Estimation
62H15: Hypothesis testing
62H17: Contingency tables
62H20: Measures of association (correlation, canonical correlation, etc.)
62H25: Factor analysis and principal components; correspondence analysis
 62H30: Classification and discrimination; cluster analysis
62H35: Image analysis
62H99: None of the above, but in this section
62Jxx: Linear inference, regression
62J02: General nonlinear regression
62J05: Linear regression
62J07: Ridge regression; shrinkage estimators
62J10: Analysis of variance and covariance
62J12: Generalized linear models
62J15: Paired and multiple comparisons
62J20: Diagnostics
62J99: None of the above, but in this section
62Kxx: Design of experiments
62K05: Optimal designs
62K10: Block designs
62K15: Factorial designs
62K20: Response surface designs
62K25: Robust parameter designs
62K99: None of the above, but in this section
62Lxx: Sequential methods
62L05: Sequential design
62L10: Sequential analysis
62L12: Sequential estimation
62L15: Optimal stopping
62L20: Stochastic approximation
62L99: None of the above, but in this section
62Mxx: Inference from stochastic processes
62M02: Markov processes: hypothesis testing
62M05: Markov processes: estimation
62M07: Non-Markovian processes: hypothesis testing
62M09: Non-Markovian processes: estimation
62M10: Time series, auto-correlation, regression, etc.
62M15: Spectral analysis
62M20: Prediction; filtering
62M30: Spatial processes
62M40: Random fields; image analysis
62M45: Neural nets and related approaches
62M99: None of the above, but in this section
62Nxx: Survival analysis and censored data
62N01: Censored data models
62N02: Estimation
62N03: Testing
62N05: Reliability and life testing
62N99: None of the above, but in this section
62Pxx: Applications
62P05: Applications to actuarial sciences and financial mathematics
62P10: Applications to biology and medical sciences
62P12: Applications to environmental and related topics
62P15: Applications to psychology
62P20: Applications to economics
62P25: Applications to social sciences
 62P30: Applications in engineering and industry
62P35: Applications to physics
62P99: None of the above, but in this section
62Q05: Statistical tables
65-xx: Numerical analysis
65-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
65-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
65-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
65-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
65-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
65-05: Experimental papers
65-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
65A05: Tables
65Bxx: Acceleration of convergence
65B05: Extrapolation to the limit, deferred corrections
65B10: Summation of series
65B15: Euler-Maclaurin formula
65B99: None of the above, but in this section
65Cxx: Probabilistic methods, simulation and stochastic differential equations
65C05: Monte Carlo methods
65C10: Random number generation
65C20: Models, numerical methods
65C30: Stochastic differential and integral equations
65C35: Stochastic particle methods
65C40: Computational Markov chains
65C50: Other computational problems in probability
65C60: Computational problems in statistics
65C99: None of the above, but in this section
65Dxx: Numerical approximation and computational geometry {Primarily
algorithms; for theory, see 41-XX and 68Uxx]
65D05: Interpolation
65D07: Splines
65D10: Smoothing, curve fitting
65D15: Algorithms for functional approximation
65D17: Computer aided design (modeling of curves and surfaces)
65D18: Computer graphics and computational geometry
65D20: Computation of special functions, construction of tables
65D25: Numerical differentiation
65D30: Numerical integration
65D32: Quadrature and cubature formulas
65D99: None of the above, but in this section
65E05: Numerical methods in complex analysis (potential theory, etc.)
65Fxx: Numerical linear algebra
65F05: Direct methods for linear systems and matrix inversion
65F10: Iterative methods for linear systems
65F15: Eigenvalues, eigenvectors
65F18: Inverse eigenvalue problems
65F20: Overdetermined systems, pseudoinverses
65F22: Ill-posedness, regularization
 65F25: Orthogonalization
65F30: Other matrix algorithms
65F35: Matrix norms, conditioning, scaling
65F40: Determinants
65F50: Sparse matrices
65F99: None of the above, but in this section
65Gxx: Error analysis and interval analysis
65G20: Algorithms with automatic result verification
65G30: Interval and finite arithmetic
65G40: General methods in interval analysis
65G50: Roundoff error
65G99: None of the above, but in this section
65Hxx: Nonlinear algebraic or transcendental equations
65H05: Single equations
65H10: Systems of equations
65H17: Eigenvalues, eigenvectors
65H20: Global methods, including homotopy approaches
65H99: None of the above, but in this section
65Jxx: Numerical analysis in abstract spaces
65J05: General theory
65J10: Equations with linear operators (do not use 65Fxx)
65J15: Equations with nonlinear operators (do not use 65Hxx)
65J20: Improperly posed problems; regularization
65J22: Inverse problems
65J99: None of the above, but in this section
65Kxx: Mathematical programming, optimization and variational techniques
65K05: Mathematical programming {Algorithms; for theory see 90Cxx]
65K10: Optimization and variational techniques
65K99: None of the above, but in this section
65Lxx: Ordinary differential equations
65L05: Initial value problems
65L06: Multistep, Runge-Kutta and extrapolation methods
65L07: Numerical investigation of stability of solutions
65L08: Improperly posed problems
65L09: Inverse problems
65L10: Boundary value problems
65L12: Finite difference methods
65L15: Eigenvalue problems
65L20: Stability and convergence of numerical methods
65L50: Mesh generation and refinement
65L60: Finite elements, Rayleigh-Ritz, Galerkin and collocation methods
65L70: Error bounds
65L80: Methods for differential-algebraic equations
65L99: None of the above, but in this section
65Mxx: Partial differential equations, initial value and time-dependent initial-
boundary value problems
65M06: Finite difference methods
65M12: Stability and convergence of numerical methods
65M15: Error bounds
65M20: Method of lines
65M25: Method of characteristics
 65M30: Improperly posed problems
65M32: Inverse problems
65M50: Mesh generation and refinement
65M55: Multigrid methods; domain decomposition
65M60: Finite elements, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods, finite methods
65M70: Spectral, collocation and related methods
65M99: None of the above, but in this section
65Nxx: Partial differential equations, boundary value problems
65N06: Finite difference methods
65N12: Stability and convergence of numerical methods
65N15: Error bounds
65N21: Inverse problems
65N22: Solution of discretized equations
65N25: Eigenvalue problems
65N30: Finite elements, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods, finite methods
65N35: Spectral, collocation and related methods
65N38: Boundary element methods
65N40: Method of lines
65N45: Method of contraction of the boundary
65N50: Mesh generation and refinement
65N55: Multigrid methods; domain decomposition
65N99: None of the above, but in this section
65Pxx: Numerical problems in dynamical systems
65P10: Hamiltonian systems including symplectic integrators
65P20: Numerical chaos
65P30: Bifurcation problems
65P40: Nonlinear stabilities
65P99: None of the above, but in this section
65Q05: Difference and functional equations, recurrence relations
65Rxx: Integral equations, integral transforms
65R10: Integral transforms
65R20: Integral equations
65R30: Improperly posed problems
65R32: Inverse problems
65R99: None of the above, but in this section
65S05: Graphical methods
65Txx: Numerical methods in Fourier analysis
65T40: Trigonometric approximation and interpolation
65T50: Discrete and fast Fourier transforms
65T60: Wavelets
65T99: None of the above, but in this section
65Yxx: Computer aspects of numerical algorithms
65Y05: Parallel computation
65Y10: Algorithms for specific classes of architectures
65Y15: Packaged methods
65Y20: Complexity and performance of numerical algorithms
65Y99: None of the above, but in this section
65Z05: Applications to physics
68-xx: Computer science
68-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
68-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
68-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
68-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
68-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
68-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
68Mxx: Computer system organization
68M01: General
68M07: Mathematical problems of computer architecture
68M10: Network design and communication
68M12: Network protocols
68M14: Distributed systems
68M15: Reliability, testing and fault tolerance
68M20: Performance evaluation; queueing; scheduling
68M99: None of the above, but in this section
68Nxx: Software
68N01: General
68N15: Programming languages
68N17: Logic programming
68N18: Functional programming and lambda calculus
68N19: Other programming techniques (object-oriented, sequential,
concurrent, automatic, etc.)
68N20: Compilers and interpreters
68N25: Operating systems
68N30: Mathematical aspects of software engineering (specification,
verification, metrics, requirements, etc.)
68N99: None of the above, but in this section
68Pxx: Theory of data
68P01: General
68P05: Data structures
68P10: Searching and sorting
68P15: Database theory
68P20: Information storage and retrieval
68P25: Data encryption
68P30: Coding and information theory (compaction, compression, models of
communication, encoding schemes, etc.)
68P99: None of the above, but in this section
68Qxx: Theory of computing
68Q01: General
68Q05: Models of computation (Turing machines, etc.)
68Q10: Modes of computation (nondeterministic, parallel, interactive,
probabilistic, etc.)
68Q15: Complexity classes (hierarchies, relations among complexity classes,
etc.)
68Q17: Computational difficulty of problems (lower bounds, completeness,
difficulty of approximation, etc.)
68Q19: Descriptive complexity and finite models
68Q25: Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity
68Q30: Algorithmic information theory (Kolmogorov complexity, etc.)
68Q32: Computational learning theory
68Q42: Grammars and rewriting systems
 68Q45: Formal languages and automata
68Q55: Semantics
68Q60: Specification and verification (program logics, model checking, etc.)
68Q65: Abstract data types; algebraic specification
68Q70: Algebraic theory of languages and automata
68Q80: Cellular automata
68Q85: Models and methods for concurrent and distributed computing
(process algebras, bisimulation, transition nets, etc.)
68Q99: None of the above, but in this section
68Rxx: Discrete mathematics in relation to computer science
68R01: General
68R05: Combinatorics
68R10: Graph theory
68R15: Combinatorics on words
68R99: None of the above, but in this section
68Txx: Artificial intelligence
68T01: General
68T05: Learning and adaptive systems
68T10: Pattern recognition, speech recognition
68T15: Theorem proving (deduction, resolution, etc.)
68T20: Problem solving (heuristics, search strategies, etc.)
68T27: Logic in artificial intelligence
68T30: Knowledge representation
68T35: Languages and software systems (knowledge-based systems, expert
systems, etc.)
68T37: Reasoning under uncertainty
68T40: Robotics
68T45: Machine vision and scene understanding
68T50: Natural language processing
68T99: None of the above, but in this section
68Uxx: Computing methodologies and applications
68U01: General
68U05: Computer graphics; computational geometry
68U07: Computer-aided design
68U10: Image processing
68U15: Text processing; mathematical typography
68U20: Simulation
68U35: Information systems (hypertext navigation, interfaces, decision
support, etc.)
68U99: None of the above, but in this section
68Wxx: Algorithms
68W01: General
68W05: Nonnumerical algorithms
68W10: Parallel algorithms
68W15: Distributed algorithms
68W20: Randomized algorithms
68W25: Approximation algorithms
68W30: Symbolic computation and algebraic computation
68W35: VLSI algorithms
68W40: Analysis of algorithms
68W99: None of the above, but in this section
70-xx: Mechanics of particles and systems
70-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
70-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
70-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
70-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
70-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
70-05: Experimental work
70-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
70-08: Computational methods
70A05: Axiomatics, foundations
70Bxx: Kinematics
70B05: Kinematics of a particle
70B10: Kinematics of a rigid body
70B15: Mechanisms, robots
70B99: None of the above, but in this section
70C20: Statics
70Exx: Dynamics of a rigid body and of multibody systems
70E05: Motion of the gyroscope
70E15: Free motion of a rigid body
70E17: Motion of a rigid body with a fixed point
70E18: Motion of a rigid body in contact with a solid surface
70E20: Perturbation methods for rigid body dynamics
70E40: Integrable cases of motion
70E45: Higher-dimensional generalizations
70E50: Stability problems
70E55: Dynamics of multibody systems
70E60: Robot dynamics and control
70E99: None of the above, but in this section
70Fxx: Dynamics of a system of particles, including celestial mechanics
70F05: Two-body problems
70F07: Three-body problems
70F10: $n$-body problems
70F15: Celestial mechanics
70F16: Collisions in celestial mechanics, regularization
70F17: Inverse problems
70F20: Holonomic systems
70F25: Nonholonomic systems
70F35: Collision of rigid or pseudo-rigid bodies
70F40: Problems with friction
70F45: Infinite particle systems
70F99: None of the above, but in this section
70Gxx: General models, approaches, and methods
70G10: Generalized coordinates; event, impulse-energy, configuration, state, or
phase space
70G40: Topological and differential-topological methods
70G45: Differential-geometric methods (tensors, connections, symplectic,
Poisson, contact, Riemannian, nonholonomic, etc.)
70G55: Algebraic geometry methods
70G60: Dynamical systems methods
 70G65: Symmetries, Lie-group and Lie-algebra methods
70G70: Functional-analytic methods
70G75: Variational methods
70G99: None of the above, but in this section
70Hxx: Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics
70H03: Lagrange's equations
70H05: Hamilton's equations
70H06: Completely integrable systems and methods of integration
70H07: Nonintegrable systems
70H08: Nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems, KAM theory
70H09: Perturbation theories
70H11: Adiabatic invariants
70H12: Periodic and almost periodic solutions
70H14: Stability problems
70H15: Canonical and symplectic transformations
70H20: Hamilton-Jacobi equations
70H25: Hamilton's principle
70H30: Other variational principles
70H33: Symmetries and conservation laws, reverse symmetries, invariant
manifolds and their bifurcations, reduction
70H40: Relativistic dynamics
70H45: Constrained dynamics, Dirac's theory of constraints
70H50: Higher-order theories
70H99: None of the above, but in this section
70Jxx: Linear vibration theory
70J10: Modal analysis
70J25: Stability
70J30: Free motions
70J35: Forced motions
70J40: Parametric resonances
70J50: Systems arising from the discretization of structural vibration problems
70J99: None of the above, but in this section
70Kxx: Nonlinear dynamics
70K05: Phase plane analysis, limit cycles
70K20: Stability
70K25: Free motions
70K28: Parametric resonances
70K30: Nonlinear resonances
70K40: Forced motions
70K42: Equilibria and periodic trajectories
70K43: Quasi-periodic motions and invariant tori
70K44: Homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories
70K45: Normal forms
70K50: Bifurcations and instability
70K55: Transition to stochasticity (chaotic behavior)
70K60: General perturbation schemes
70K65: Averaging of perturbations
70K70: Systems with slow and fast motions
70K75: Nonlinear modes
70K99: None of the above, but in this section
70L05: Random vibrations
 70M20: Orbital mechanics
70P05: Variable mass, rockets
70Q05: Control of mechanical systems
70Sxx: Classical field theories
70S05: Lagrangian formalism and Hamiltonian formalism
70S10: Symmetries and conservation laws
70S15: Yang-Mills and other gauge theories
70S20: More general nonquantum field theories
70S99: None of the above, but in this section
74-xx: Mechanics of deformable solids
74-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
74-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
74-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
74-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
74-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
74-05: Experimental work
74-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
74Axx: Generalities, axiomatics, foundations of continuum mechanics of solids
74A05: Kinematics of deformation
74A10: Stress
74A15: Thermodynamics
74A20: Theory of constitutive functions
74A25: Molecular, statistical, and kinetic theories
74A30: Nonsimple materials
74A35: Polar materials
74A40: Random materials and composite materials
74A45: Theories of fracture and damage
74A50: Structured surfaces and interfaces, coexistent phases
74A55: Theories of friction (tribology)
74A60: Micromechanical theories
74A65: Reactive materials
74A99: None of the above, but in this section
74Bxx: Elastic materials
74B05: Classical linear elasticity
74B10: Linear elasticity with initial stresses
74B15: Equations linearized about a deformed state (small deformations
superposed on large)
74B20: Nonlinear elasticity
74B99: None of the above, but in this section
74Cxx: Plastic materials, materials of stress-rate and internal-variable type
74C05: Small-strain, rate-independent theories (including rigid-plastic and
elasto-plastic materials)
74C10: Small-strain, rate-dependent theories (including theories of
viscoplasticity)
74C15: Large-strain, rate-independent theories (including nonlinear plasticity)
74C20: Large-strain, rate-dependent theories
74C99: None of the above, but in this section
74Dxx: Materials of strain-rate type and history type, other materials with memory
(including elastic materials with viscous damping, various viscoelastic materials)
 74D05: Linear constitutive equations
74D10: Nonlinear constitutive equations
74D99: None of the above, but in this section
74Exx: Material properties given special treatment
74E05: Inhomogeneity
74E10: Anisotropy
74E15: Crystalline structure
74E20: Granularity
74E25: Texture
74E30: Composite and mixture properties
74E35: Random structure
74E40: Chemical structure
74E99: None of the above, but in this section
74Fxx: Coupling of solid mechanics with other effects
74F05: Thermal effects
74F10: Fluid-solid interactions (including aero- and hydro-elasticity, porosity,
etc.)
74F15: Electromagnetic effects
74F20: Mixture effects
74F25: Chemical and reactive effects
74F99: None of the above, but in this section
74Gxx: Equilibrium (steady-state) problems
74G05: Explicit solutions
74G10: Analytic approximation of solutions (perturbation methods, asymptotic
methods, series, etc.)
74G15: Numerical approximation of solutions
74G20: Local existence of solutions (near a given solution)
74G25: Global existence of solutions
74G30: Uniqueness of solutions
74G35: Multiplicity of solutions
74G40: Regularity of solutions
74G45: Bounds for solutions
74G50: Saint-Venant's principle
74G55: Qualitative behavior of solutions
74G60: Bifurcation and buckling
74G65: Energy minimization
74G70: Stress concentrations, singularities
74G75: Inverse problems
74G99: None of the above, but in this section
74Hxx: Dynamical problems
74H05: Explicit solutions
74H10: Analytic approximation of solutions (perturbation methods, asymptotic
methods, series, etc.)
74H15: Numerical approximation of solutions
74H20: Existence of solutions
74H25: Uniqueness of solutions
74H30: Regularity of solutions
74H35: Singularities, blowup, stress concentrations
74H40: Long-time behavior of solutions
74H45: Vibrations
74H50: Random vibrations
 74H55: Stability
74H60: Dynamical bifurcation
74H65: Chaotic behavior
74H99: None of the above, but in this section
74Jxx: Waves
74J05: Linear waves
74J10: Bulk waves
74J15: Surface waves
74J20: Wave scattering
74J25: Inverse problems
74J30: Nonlinear waves
74J35: Solitary waves
74J40: Shocks and related discontinuities
74J99: None of the above, but in this section
74Kxx: Thin bodies, structures
74K05: Strings
74K10: Rods (beams, columns, shafts, arches, rings, etc.)
74K15: Membranes
74K20: Plates
74K25: Shells
74K30: Junctions
74K35: Thin films
74K99: None of the above, but in this section
74Lxx: Special subfields of solid mechanics
74L05: Geophysical solid mechanics
74L10: Soil and rock mechanics
74L15: Biomechanical solid mechanics
74L99: None of the above, but in this section
74Mxx: Special kinds of problems
74M05: Control, switches and devices (``smart materials'')
74M10: Friction
74M15: Contact
74M20: Impact
74M25: Micromechanics
74M99: None of the above, but in this section
74Nxx: Phase transformations in solids
74N05: Crystals
74N10: Displacive transformations
74N15: Analysis of microstructure
74N20: Dynamics of phase boundaries
74N25: Transformations involving diffusion
74N30: Problems involving hysteresis
74N99: None of the above, but in this section
74Pxx: Optimization
74P05: Compliance or weight optimization
74P10: Optimization of other properties
74P15: Topological methods
74P20: Geometrical methods
74P99: None of the above, but in this section
74Qxx: Homogenization, determination of effective properties
74Q05: Homogenization in equilibrium problems
 74Q10: Homogenization and oscillations in dynamical problems
74Q15: Effective constitutive equations
74Q20: Bounds on effective properties
74Q99: None of the above, but in this section
74Rxx: Fracture and damage
74R05: Brittle damage
74R10: Brittle fracture
74R15: High-velocity fracture
74R20: Anelastic fracture and damage
74R99: None of the above, but in this section
74Sxx: Numerical methods
74S05: Finite element methods
74S10: Finite volume methods
74S15: Boundary element methods
74S20: Finite difference methods
74S25: Spectral and related methods
74S30: Other numerical methods
74S99: None of the above, but in this section
76-xx: Fluid mechanics
76-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
76-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
76-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
76-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
76-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
76-05: Experimental work
76-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
76Axx: Foundations, constitutive equations, rheology
76A02: Foundations of fluid mechanics
76A05: Non-Newtonian fluids
76A10: Viscoelastic fluids
76A15: Liquid crystals
76A20: Thin fluid films
76A25: Superfluids (classical aspects)
76A99: None of the above, but in this section
76Bxx: Incompressible inviscid fluids
76B03: Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory
76B07: Free-surface potential flows
76B10: Jets and cavities, cavitation, free-streamline theory, water-entry
problems, airfoil and hydrofoil theory, sloshing
76B15: Water waves, gravity waves; dispersion and scattering, nonlinear
interaction
76B20: Ship waves
76B25: Solitary waves
76B45: Capillarity (surface tension)
76B47: Vortex flows
76B55: Internal waves
76B60: Atmospheric waves
76B65: Rossby waves
76B70: Stratification effects in inviscid fluids
 76B75: Flow control and optimization
76B99: None of the above, but in this section
76Dxx: Incompressible viscous fluids
76D03: Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory
76D05: Navier-Stokes equations
76D06: Statistical solutions of Navier-Stokes and related equations
76D07: Stokes and related (Oseen, etc.) flows
76D08: Lubrication theory
76D09: Viscous-inviscid interaction
76D10: Boundary-layer theory, separation and reattachment, higher-order
effects
76D17: Viscous vortex flows
76D25: Wakes and jets
76D27: Other free-boundary flows; Hele-Shaw flows
76D33: Waves
76D45: Capillarity (surface tension)
76D50: Stratification effects in viscous fluids
76D55: Flow control and optimization
76D99: None of the above, but in this section
76Exx: Hydrodynamic stability
76E05: Parallel shear flows
76E06: Convection
76E07: Rotation
76E09: Stability and instability of nonparallel flows
76E15: Absolute and convective instability and stability
76E17: Interfacial stability and instability
76E19: Compressibility effects
76E20: Stability and instability of geophysical and astrophysical flows
76E25: Stability and instability of magnetohydrodynamic and
electrohydrodynamic flows
76E30: Nonlinear effects
76E99: None of the above, but in this section
76Fxx: Turbulence
76F02: Fundamentals
76F05: Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence
76F06: Transition to turbulence
76F10: Shear flows
76F20: Dynamical systems approach to turbulence
76F25: Turbulent transport, mixing
76F30: Renormalization and other field-theoretical methods
76F35: Convective turbulence
76F40: Turbulent boundary layers
76F45: Stratification effects
76F50: Compressibility effects
76F55: Statistical turbulence modeling
76F60: $k$-$\varepsilon$ modeling
76F65: Direct numerical and large eddy simulation of turbulence
76F70: Control of turbulent flows
76F99: None of the above, but in this section
76G25: General aerodynamics and subsonic flows
76H05: Transonic flows
 76J20: Supersonic flows
76K05: Hypersonic flows
76L05: Shock waves and blast waves
76Mxx: Basic methods in fluid mechanics
76M10: Finite element methods
76M12: Finite volume methods
76M15: Boundary element methods
76M20: Finite difference methods
76M22: Spectral methods
76M23: Vortex methods
76M25: Other numerical methods
76M27: Visualization algorithms
76M28: Particle methods and lattice-gas methods
76M30: Variational methods
76M35: Stochastic analysis
76M40: Complex-variables methods
76M45: Asymptotic methods, singular perturbations
76M50: Homogenization
76M55: Dimensional analysis and similarity
76M60: Symmetry analysis, Lie group and algebra methods
76M99: None of the above, but in this section
76Nxx: Compressible fluids and gas dynamics, general
76N10: Existence, uniqueness, and regularity theory
76N15: Gas dynamics, general
76N17: Viscous-inviscid interaction
76N20: Boundary-layer theory
76N25: Flow control and optimization
76N99: None of the above, but in this section
76P05: Rarefied gas flows, Boltzmann equation
76Q05: Hydro- and aero-acoustics
76Rxx: Diffusion and convection
76R05: Forced convection
76R10: Free convection
76R50: Diffusion
76R99: None of the above, but in this section
76S05: Flows in porous media; filtration; seepage
76Txx: Two-phase and multiphase flows
76T10: Liquid-gas two-phase flows, bubbly flows
76T15: Dusty-gas two-phase flows
76T20: Suspensions
76T25: Granular flows
76T30: Three or more component flows
76T99: None of the above, but in this section
76U05: Rotating fluids
76V05: Reaction effects in flows
76W05: Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics
76X05: Ionized gas flow in electromagnetic fields; plasmic flow
76Y05: Quantum hydrodynamics and relativistic hydrodynamics
76Zxx: Biological fluid mechanics
76Z05: Physiological flows
76Z10: Biopropulsion in water and in air
 76Z99: None of the above, but in this section
78-xx: Optics, electromagnetic theory
78-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
78-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
78-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
78-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
78-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
78-05: Experimental work
78-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
78Axx: General
78A02: Foundations
78A05: Geometric optics
78A10: Physical optics
78A15: Electron optics
78A20: Space charge waves
78A25: Electromagnetic theory, general
78A30: Electro- and magnetostatics
78A35: Motion of charged particles
78A40: Waves and radiation
78A45: Diffraction, scattering
78A46: Inverse scattering problems
78A48: Composite media; random media
78A50: Antennas, wave-guides
78A55: Technical applications
78A60: Lasers, masers, optical bistability, nonlinear optics
78A70: Biological applications
78A97: Mathematically heuristic optics and electromagnetic theory (must also
be assigned at least one other classification number in this section)
78A99: Miscellaneous topics
78Mxx: Basic methods
78M05: Method of moments
78M10: Finite element methods
78M15: Boundary element methods
78M20: Finite difference methods
78M25: Other numerical methods
78M30: Variational methods
78M35: Asymptotic analysis
78M40: Homogenization
78M50: Optimization
78M99: None of the above, but in this section
80-xx: Classical thermodynamics, heat transfer
80-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
80-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
80-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
80-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
80-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
80-05: Experimental work
 80-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
80Axx: Thermodynamics and heat transfer
80A05: Foundations
80A10: Classical thermodynamics, including relativistic
80A17: Thermodynamics of continua
80A20: Heat and mass transfer, heat flow
80A22: Stefan problems, phase changes, etc.
80A23: Inverse problems
80A25: Combustion
80A30: Chemical kinetics
80A32: Chemically reacting flows
80A50: Chemistry (general)
80A99: None of the above, but in this section
80Mxx: Basic methods
80M10: Finite element methods
80M15: Boundary element methods
80M20: Finite difference methods
80M25: Other numerical methods
80M30: Variational methods
80M35: Asymptotic analysis
80M40: Homogenization
80M50: Optimization
80M99: None of the above, but in this section
81-xx: Quantum theory
81-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
81-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
81-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
81-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
81-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
81-05: Experimental papers
81-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
81-08: Computational methods
81Pxx: Axiomatics, foundations, philosophy
81P05: General and philosophical
81P10: Logical foundations of quantum mechanics; quantum logic
81P15: Quantum measurement theory
81P20: Stochastic mechanics (including stochastic electrodynamics)
81P68: Quantum computation and quantum cryptography
81P99: None of the above, but in this section
81Qxx: General mathematical topics and methods in quantum theory
81Q05: Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-
Gordon and other quantum-mechanical equations
81Q10: Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral
analysis
81Q15: Perturbation theories for operators and differential equations
81Q20: Semiclassical techniques including WKB and Maslov methods
81Q30: Feynman integrals and graphs; applications of algebraic topology and
algebraic geometry
81Q40: Bethe-Salpeter and other integral equations
 81Q50: Quantum chaos
81Q60: Supersymmetric quantum mechanics
81Q70: Differential-geometric methods, including holonomy, Berry and
Hannay phases, etc.
81Q99: None of the above, but in this section
81Rxx: Groups and algebras in quantum theory
81R05: Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their
representations
81R10: Infinite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics,
including Virasoro, Kac-Moody, $W$-algebras and other current algebras and
their representations
81R12: Relations with integrable systems
81R15: Operator algebra methods
81R20: Covariant wave equations
81R25: Spinor and twistor methods
81R30: Coherent states; squeezed states
81R40: Symmetry breaking
81R50: Quantum groups and related algebraic methods
81R60: Noncommutative geometry
81R99: None of the above, but in this section
81Sxx: General quantum mechanics and problems of quantization
81S05: Commutation relations and statistics
81S10: Geometry and quantization, symplectic methods
81S20: Stochastic quantization
81S25: Quantum stochastic calculus
81S30: Phase space methods including Wigner distributions, etc.
81S40: Path integrals
81S99: None of the above, but in this section
81Txx: Quantum field theory; related classical field theories
81T05: Axiomatic quantum field theory; operator algebras
81T08: Constructive quantum field theory
81T10: Model quantum field theories
81T13: Yang-Mills and other gauge theories
81T15: Perturbative methods of renormalization
81T16: Nonperturbative methods of renormalization
81T17: Renormalization group methods
81T18: Feynman diagrams
81T20: Quantum field theory on curved space backgrounds
81T25: Quantum field theory on lattices
81T27: Continuum limits
81T30: String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes)
81T40: Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc.
81T45: Topological field theories
81T50: Anomalies
81T60: Supersymmetric field theories
81T70: Quantization in field theory; cohomological methods
81T75: Noncommutative geometry methods
81T80: Simulation and numerical modeling
81T99: None of the above, but in this section
81Uxx: Scattering theory
81U05: $2$-body potential scattering theory
 81U10: $n$-body potential scattering theory
81U15: Exactly and quasi-solvable systems
81U20: $S$-matrix theory, etc.
81U30: Dispersion theory, dispersion relations
81U40: Inverse scattering problems
81U99: None of the above, but in this section
81Vxx: Applications to specific physical systems
81V05: Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics
81V10: Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics
81V15: Weak interaction
81V17: Gravitational interaction
81V19: Other fundamental interactions
81V22: Unified theories
81V25: Other elementary particle theory
81V35: Nuclear physics
81V45: Atomic physics
81V55: Molecular physics
81V70: Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect
81V80: Quantum optics
81V99: None of the above, but in this section
82-xx: Statistical mechanics, structure of matter
82-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
82-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
82-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
82-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
82-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
82-05: Experimental papers
82-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
82-08: Computational methods
82Bxx: Equilibrium statistical mechanics
82B03: Foundations
82B05: Classical equilibrium statistical mechanics (general)
82B10: Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general)
82B20: Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs
82B21: Continuum models (systems of particles, etc.)
82B23: Exactly solvable models; Bethe ansatz
82B24: Interface problems; diffusion-limited aggregation
82B26: Phase transitions (general)
82B27: Critical phenomena
82B28: Renormalization group methods
82B30: Statistical thermodynamics
82B31: Stochastic methods
82B35: Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-Machlup theory
82B40: Kinetic theory of gases
82B41: Random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc.
82B43: Percolation
82B44: Disordered systems (random Ising models, random Schrödinger
operators, etc.)
82B80: Numerical methods (Monte Carlo, series resummation, etc.)
 82B99: None of the above, but in this section
82Cxx: Time-dependent statistical mechanics (dynamic and nonequilibrium)
82C03: Foundations
82C05: Classical dynamic and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general)
82C10: Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general)
82C20: Dynamic lattice systems (kinetic Ising, etc.) and systems on graphs
82C21: Dynamic continuum models (systems of particles, etc.)
82C22: Interacting particle systems
82C23: Exactly solvable dynamic models
82C24: Interface problems; diffusion-limited aggregation
82C26: Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general)
82C27: Dynamic critical phenomena
82C28: Dynamic renormalization group methods
82C31: Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.)
82C32: Neural nets
82C35: Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-Machlup theory
82C40: Kinetic theory of gases
82C41: Dynamics of random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc.
82C43: Time-dependent percolation
82C44: Dynamics of disordered systems (random Ising systems, etc.)
82C70: Transport processes
82C80: Numerical methods (Monte Carlo, series resummation, etc.)
82C99: None of the above, but in this section
82Dxx: Applications to specific types of physical systems
82D05: Gases
82D10: Plasmas
82D15: Liquids
82D20: Solids
82D25: Crystals
82D30: Random media, disordered materials (including liquid crystals and spin
glasses)
82D35: Metals
82D37: Semiconductors
82D40: Magnetic materials
82D45: Ferroelectrics
82D50: Superfluids
82D55: Superconductors
82D60: Polymers
82D75: Nuclear reactor theory; neutron transport
82D99: None of the above, but in this section
83-xx: Relativity and gravitational theory
83-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
83-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
83-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
83-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
83-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
83-05: Experimental work
83-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
83-08: Computational methods
 83A05: Special relativity
83B05: Observational and experimental questions
83Cxx: General relativity
83C05: Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy
problems)
83C10: Equations of motion
83C15: Exact solutions
83C20: Classes of solutions; algebraically special solutions, metrics with
symmetries
83C22: Einstein-Maxwell equations
83C25: Approximation procedures, weak fields
83C27: Lattice gravity, Regge calculus and other discrete methods
83C30: Asymptotic procedures (radiation, news functions, {\scr H]-spaces, etc.)
83C35: Gravitational waves
83C40: Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions
83C45: Quantization of the gravitational field
83C47: Methods of quantum field theory
83C50: Electromagnetic fields
83C55: Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter
(hydrodynamics, etc.)
83C57: Black holes
83C60: Spinor and twistor methods; Newman-Penrose formalism
83C65: Methods of noncommutative geometry
83C75: Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc.
83C80: Analogues in lower dimensions
83C99: None of the above, but in this section
83D05: Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including
asymmetric field theories
83Exx: Unified, higher-dimensional and super field theories
83E05: Geometrodynamics
83E15: Kaluza-Klein and other higher-dimensional theories
83E30: String and superstring theories
83E50: Supergravity
83E99: None of the above, but in this section
83F05: Cosmology
85-xx: Astronomy and astrophysics
85-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
85-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
85-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
85-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
85-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
85-05: Experimental work
85-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
85-08: Computational methods
85A04: General
85A05: Galactic and stellar dynamics
85A15: Galactic and stellar structure
85A20: Planetary atmospheres
85A25: Radiative transfer
 85A30: Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic problems
85A35: Statistical astronomy
85A40: Cosmology
85A99: Miscellaneous topics
86-xx: Geophysics
86-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
86-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
86-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
86-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
86-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
86-05: Experimental work
86-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
86-08: Computational methods
86A04: General
86A05: Hydrology, hydrography, oceanography
86A10: Meteorology and atmospheric physics
86A15: Seismology
86A17: Global dynamics, earthquake problems
86A20: Potentials, prospecting
86A22: Inverse problems
86A25: Geo-electricity and geomagnetism
86A30: Geodesy, mapping problems
86A32: Geostatistics
86A40: Glaciology
86A60: Geological problems
86A99: Miscellaneous topics
90-xx: Operations research, mathematical programming
90-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
90-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
90-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
90-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
90-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
90-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
90-08: Computational methods
90Bxx: Operations research and management science
90B05: Inventory, storage, reservoirs
90B06: Transportation, logistics
90B10: Network models, deterministic
90B15: Network models, stochastic
90B18: Communication networks
90B20: Traffic problems
90B22: Queues and service
90B25: Reliability, availability, maintenance, inspection
90B30: Production models
90B35: Scheduling theory, deterministic
90B36: Scheduling theory, stochastic
90B40: Search theory
 90B50: Management decision making, including multiple objectives
90B60: Marketing, advertising
90B70: Theory of organizations, manpower planning
90B80: Discrete location and assignment
90B85: Continuous location
90B90: Case-oriented studies
90B99: None of the above, but in this section
90Cxx: Mathematical programming
90C05: Linear programming
90C06: Large-scale problems
90C08: Special problems of linear programming (transportation, multi-index,
etc.)
90C09: Boolean programming
90C10: Integer programming
90C11: Mixed integer programming
90C15: Stochastic programming
90C20: Quadratic programming
90C22: Semidefinite programming
90C25: Convex programming
90C26: Nonconvex programming
90C27: Combinatorial optimization
90C29: Multi-objective and goal programming
90C30: Nonlinear programming
90C31: Sensitivity, stability, parametric optimization
90C32: Fractional programming
90C33: Complementarity problems
90C34: Semi-infinite programming
90C35: Programming involving graphs or networks
90C39: Dynamic programming
90C40: Markov and semi-Markov decision processes
90C46: Optimality conditions, duality
90C47: Minimax problems
90C48: Programming in abstract spaces
90C49: Extreme-point and pivoting methods
90C51: Interior-point methods
90C52: Methods of reduced gradient type
90C53: Methods of quasi-Newton type
90C55: Methods of successive quadratic programming type
90C56: Derivative-free methods
90C57: Polyhedral combinatorics, branch-and-bound, branch-and-cut
90C59: Approximation methods and heuristics
90C60: Abstract computational complexity for mathematical programming
problems
90C70: Fuzzy programming
90C90: Applications of mathematical programming
90C99: None of the above, but in this section
91-xx: Game theory, economics, social and behavioral sciences
91-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
91-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
91-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
91-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
section 01)
91-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
91-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
91-08: Computational methods
91Axx: Game theory
91A05: 2-person games
91A06: $n$-person games, $n>2$
91A10: Noncooperative games
91A12: Cooperative games
91A13: Games with infinitely many players
91A15: Stochastic games
91A18: Games in extensive form
91A20: Multistage and repeated games
91A22: Evolutionary games
91A23: Differential games
91A24: Positional games (pursuit and evasion, etc.)
91A25: Dynamic games
91A26: Rationality, learning
91A28: Signaling, communication
91A30: Utility theory for games
91A35: Decision theory for games
91A40: Game-theoretic models
91A43: Games involving graphs
91A44: Games involving topology or set theory
91A46: Combinatorial games
91A50: Discrete-time games
91A55: Games of timing
91A60: Probabilistic games; gambling
91A65: Hierarchical games
91A70: Spaces of games
91A80: Applications of game theory
91A90: Experimental studies
91A99: None of the above, but in this section
91Bxx: Mathematical economics
91B02: Fundamental topics (basic mathematics, methodology; applicable to
economics in general)
91B06: Decision theory
91B08: Individual preferences
91B10: Group preferences
91B12: Voting theory
91B14: Social choice
91B16: Utility theory
91B18: Public goods
91B24: Price theory and market structure
91B26: Market models (auctions, bargaining, bidding, selling, etc.)
91B28: Finance, portfolios, investment
91B30: Risk theory, insurance
91B32: Resource and cost allocation
91B38: Production theory, theory of the firm
 91B40: Labor market, contracts
91B42: Consumer behavior, demand theory
91B44: Informational economics
91B50: Equilibrium: general theory
91B52: Special types of equilibria
91B54: Special types of economies
91B60: General economic models, trade models
91B62: Dynamic economic models, growth models
91B64: Macro-economic models (monetary models, models of taxation)
91B66: Multisectoral models
91B68: Matching models
91B70: Stochastic models
91B72: Spatial models
91B74: Models of real-world systems
91B76: Environmental economics (natural resource models, harvesting,
pollution, etc.)
91B82: Statistical methods; economic indices and measures
91B84: Economic time series analysis
91B99: None of the above, but in this section
91Cxx: Social and behavioral sciences: general topics
91C05: Measurement theory
91C15: One- and multidimensional scaling
91C20: Clustering
91C99: None of the above, but in this section
91Dxx: Mathematical sociology (including anthropology)
91D10: Models of societies, social and urban evolution
91D20: Mathematical geography and demography
91D25: Spatial models
91D30: Social networks
91D35: Manpower systems
91D99: None of the above, but in this section
91Exx: Mathematical psychology
91E10: Cognitive psychology
91E30: Psychophysics and psychophysiology; perception
91E40: Memory and learning
91E45: Measurement and performance
91E99: None of the above, but in this section
91Fxx: Other social and behavioral sciences (mathematical treatment)
91F10: History, political science
91F20: Linguistics
91F99: None of the above, but in this section
92-xx: Biology and other natural sciences
92-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
92-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
92-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
92-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
92-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
92-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
92-08: Computational methods
 92Bxx: Mathematical biology in general
92B05: General biology and biomathematics
92B10: Taxonomy, statistics
92B15: General biostatistics
92B20: Neural networks, artificial life and related topics
92B99: None of the above, but in this section
92Cxx: Physiological, cellular and medical topics
92C05: Biophysics
92C10: Biomechanics
92C15: Developmental biology, pattern formation
92C17: Cell movement (chemotaxis, etc.)
92C20: Neural biology
92C30: Physiology (general)
92C35: Physiological flow
92C37: Cell biology
92C40: Biochemistry, molecular biology
92C45: Kinetics in biochemical problems (pharmacokinetics, enzyme kinetics,
etc.)
92C50: Medical applications (general)
92C55: Biomedical imaging and signal processing
92C60: Medical epidemiology
92C80: Plant biology
92C99: None of the above, but in this section
92Dxx: Genetics and population dynamics
92D10: Genetics
92D15: Problems related to evolution
92D20: Protein sequences, DNA sequences
92D25: Population dynamics (general)
92D30: Epidemiology
92D40: Ecology
92D50: Animal behavior
92D99: None of the above, but in this section
92Exx: Chemistry
92E10: Molecular structure (graph-theoretic methods, methods of differential
topology, etc.)
92E20: Classical flows, reactions, etc.
92E99: None of the above, but in this section
92F05: Other natural sciences
93-xx: Systems theory; control
93-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
93-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
93-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
93-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
93-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
93-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
93Axx: General
93A05: Axiomatic system theory
93A10: General systems
93A13: Hierarchical systems
 93A14: Decentralized systems
93A15: Large scale systems
93A30: Mathematical modeling (models of systems, model-matching, etc.)
93A99: None of the above, but in this section
93Bxx: Controllability, observability, and system structure
93B03: Attainable sets
93B05: Controllability
93B07: Observability
93B10: Canonical structure
93B11: System structure simplification
93B12: Variable structure systems
93B15: Realizations from input-output data
93B17: Transformations
93B18: Linearizations
93B20: Minimal systems representations
93B25: Algebraic methods
93B27: Geometric methods (including algebro-geometric)
93B28: Operator-theoretic methods
93B29: Differential-geometric methods
93B30: System identification
93B35: Sensitivity (robustness)
93B36: ${H]^\infty$-control
93B40: Computational methods
93B50: Synthesis problems
93B51: Design techniques (robust design, computer-aided design, etc.)
93B52: Feedback control
93B55: Pole and zero placement problems
93B60: Eigenvalue problems
93B99: None of the above, but in this section
93Cxx: Control systems, guided systems
93C05: Linear systems
93C10: Nonlinear systems
93C15: Systems governed by ordinary differential equations
93C20: Systems governed by partial differential equations
93C23: Systems governed by functional-differential equations
93C25: Systems in abstract spaces
93C30: Systems governed by functional relations other than differential
equations
93C35: Multivariable systems
93C40: Adaptive control
93C41: Problems with incomplete information
93C42: Fuzzy control
93C55: Discrete-time systems
93C57: Sampled-data systems
93C62: Digital systems
93C65: Discrete event systems
93C70: Time-scale analysis and singular perturbations
93C73: Perturbations
93C80: Frequency-response methods
93C83: Control problems involving computers (process control, etc.)
93C85: Automated systems (robots, etc.)
 93C95: Applications
93C99: None of the above, but in this section
93Dxx: Stability
93D05: Lyapunov and other classical stabilities (Lagrange, Poisson, $L^p, l^p$,
etc.)
93D09: Robust stability
93D10: Popov-type stability of feedback systems
93D15: Stabilization of systems by feedback
93D20: Asymptotic stability
93D21: Adaptive or robust stabilization
93D25: Input-output approaches
93D30: Scalar and vector Lyapunov functions
93D99: None of the above, but in this section
93Exx: Stochastic systems and control
93E03: Stochastic systems, general
93E10: Estimation and detection
93E11: Filtering
93E12: System identification
93E14: Data smoothing
93E15: Stochastic stability
93E20: Optimal stochastic control
93E24: Least squares and related methods
93E25: Other computational methods
93E35: Stochastic learning and adaptive control
93E99: None of the above, but in this section
94-xx: Information and communication, circuits
94-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
94-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
94-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
94-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
94-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
94-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
94Axx: Communication, information
94A05: Communication theory
94A08: Image processing (compression, reconstruction, etc.)
94A11: Application of orthogonal functions in communication
94A12: Signal theory (characterization, reconstruction, etc.)
94A13: Detection theory
94A14: Modulation and demodulation
94A15: Information theory, general
94A17: Measures of information, entropy
94A20: Sampling theory
94A24: Coding theorems (Shannon theory)
94A29: Source coding
94A34: Rate-distortion theory
94A40: Channel models
94A45: Prefix, length-variable, comma-free codes
94A50: Theory of questionnaires
94A55: Shift register sequences and sequences over finite alphabets
 94A60: Cryptography
94A62: Authentication and secret sharing
94A99: None of the above, but in this section
94Bxx: Theory of error-correcting codes and error-detecting codes
94B05: Linear codes, general
94B10: Convolutional codes
94B12: Combined modulation schemes (including trellis codes)
94B15: Cyclic codes
94B20: Burst-correcting codes
94B25: Combinatorial codes
94B27: Geometric methods (including applications of algebraic geometry)
94B30: Majority codes
94B35: Decoding
94B40: Arithmetic codes
94B50: Synchronization error-correcting codes
94B60: Other types of codes
94B65: Bounds on codes
94B70: Error probability
94B75: Applications of the theory of convex sets and geometry of numbers
(covering radius, etc.)
94B99: None of the above, but in this section
94Cxx: Circuits, networks
94C05: Analytic circuit theory
94C10: Switching theory, application of Boolean algebra; Boolean functions
94C12: Fault detection; testing
94C15: Applications of graph theory
94C30: Applications of design theory
94C99: None of the above, but in this section
94D05: Fuzzy sets and logic (in connection with questions of Section 94)
97-xx: Mathematics education
97-00: General reference works (handbooks, dictionaries, bibliographies, etc.)
97-01: Instructional exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.)
97-02: Research exposition (monographs, survey articles)
97-03: Historical (must also be assigned at least one classification number from
Section 01)
97-04: Explicit machine computation and programs (not the theory of computation
or programming)
97-06: Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc.
97Axx: General
97A20: Recreational mathematics
97A40: Sociological issues
97A80: Standards
97A90: Fiction and games
97Bxx: Educational policy and educational systems
97B10: Educational research and planning
97B20: General education
97B30: Vocational education
97B40: Higher education
97B50: Teacher education
97B60: Out-of-school education. Adult and further education
97B70: Syllabuses. Curriculum guides, official documents
 97B99: None of the above, but in this section
97Cxx: Psychology of and research in mathematics education
97C20: Affective aspects (motivation, anxiety, persistence, etc.)
97C30: Student learning and thinking (misconceptions, cognitive development,
problem solving, etc.)
97C40: Assessment (large scale assessment, validity, reliability, etc.)
97C50: Theoretical perspectives (learning theories, epistemology, philosophies
of teaching and learning, etc.)
97C60: Sociological aspects of learning (culture, group interactions, equity
issues, etc.)
97C70: Teachers, and research on teacher education (teacher development,
etc.)
97C80: Technological tools and other materials in teaching and learning
(research on innovations, role in student learning, use of tools by teachers, etc.)
97C90: Teaching and curriculum (innovations, teaching practices, studies of
curriculum materials, effective teaching, etc. )
97C99: None of the above, but in this section
97Dxx: Education and instruction in mathematics
97D10: Comparative studies on mathematics education
97D20: Philosophical and theoretical contributions to mathematical education
97D30: Goals of mathematics teaching. Curriculum development
97D40: Teaching methods and classroom techniques. Lesson preparation.
Educational principles
97D50: Teaching problem solving and heuristic strategies
97D60: Achievement control and rating
97D70: Diagnosis, analysis and remediation of learning difficulties and student
errors
97D80: Teaching units, draft lessons and master lessons
97D99: None of the above, but in this section
97Uxx: Educational material and media. Educational technology
97U20: Analysis of textbooks, development and evaluation of textbooks.
Textbook use in the classroom
97U30: Teacher manuals and planning aids
97U40: Problem books; student competitions, examination questions
97U50: Computer assisted instruction and programmed instruction
97U60: Manipulative materials and their use in the classroom
97U70: Technological tools (computers, calculators, software, etc.) and their use
in the classroom
97U80: Audiovisual media and their use in instruction
97U99: None of the above, but in this section