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Tutorial - Lipid Chemistry - Copy-2

This document contains a series of questions about lipid chemistry. It covers topics such as the hydrogenation of oils to form fats, the formation of triacylglycerols from glycerol and fatty acids, the partial and complete hydrogenation of triacylglycerols containing different fatty acids, and the air oxidation of palmitoleic acid leading to rancidity. Additional questions cover the structures of steroids, how NaOH breaks down fat clogs, the classification of hexane, essential fatty acids, the roles of LDL and HDL, sphingosine structure, eicosanoids and prostaglandins, and the action of aspirin.

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23 views

Tutorial - Lipid Chemistry - Copy-2

This document contains a series of questions about lipid chemistry. It covers topics such as the hydrogenation of oils to form fats, the formation of triacylglycerols from glycerol and fatty acids, the partial and complete hydrogenation of triacylglycerols containing different fatty acids, and the air oxidation of palmitoleic acid leading to rancidity. Additional questions cover the structures of steroids, how NaOH breaks down fat clogs, the classification of hexane, essential fatty acids, the roles of LDL and HDL, sphingosine structure, eicosanoids and prostaglandins, and the action of aspirin.

Uploaded by

romonedyer3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE OF STUDY: B. Eng., B. Pharm., BSc. M. T.

MODULE TITLE: General Biochemistry (CHY 2026)


Unit 3: Lipid Chemistry
Tutorial #3: Lipid Chemistry

1. Oils can be converted into fats by hydrogenation. Explain at the molecular level how this
process creates a change in physical appearance.

2. Use the molecular structure to write an equation showing the formation of triacylglycerol from
glycerol and fatty acid.

3. (a) Write a structural equation for the Pt-catalyzed hydrogenation of a triacylglycerol


containing equimolar amounts of lauric, palmitoleic, and linoleic acids. Assume complete
hydrogenation of all double bonds.
Lauric acid: CH3(CH2)10CO2H
Palmitoleic acid: CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7CO2H
Linoleic acids: CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2) 2(CH2)6CO2H
(b) Draw a possible product that would be formed when this reaction occurs via partial
hydrogenation.

4. Butter, salad and cooking oils, mayonnaise, and fatty meats can become rancid, developing
unpleasant odours and flavours. Rancidity is due to a combination of two reactions: (1)
bacterial hydrolysis of esters and (2) air oxidation of alkene double bonds. Write an equation
for the air oxidation of palmitoleic acid into heptanoic acid and nonandioic acid.

5. Why are steroids not classified as hydrolyzable lipids?

6. The diagram below is the structure of Testosterone. Place an asterisk next to each asymmetric
carbon.

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7. A clogged kitchen sink is often due to the buildup of fats in the trap. Explain how the addition
of NaOH solution eliminates these clogs.

8. Hexane is soluble in non-polar solvents but is not classified as a lipid. Why?

9. (a) What does essential fatty acid mean?


(b) Draw all Carbon-18 fatty acids. Which ones are essential fatty acids and explain how the
structure tells which ones are ω3 and/or ω 6.
(c) What are sources and uses/benefits of these essential fatty acids?

10. Which type of diet is more likely to lead to overconsumption and obesity, one rich in sugar or
one rich in fat? Explain.

11. Explain the roles of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins in the
transport of cholesterol in the blood stream.

12. What is sphingosine? Draw it and explain the structure.

13. Distinguish between sphingophospholipid and glycerophospholipids.

14. (a) What are eicosanoids and how are they made?
(b) What are prostaglandins used for? Give at least three uses.
(c) What are the names of two other types of eicosanoids and state their function?
(d) Explain the actions of aspirin on eicosanoids.

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