Environmental Engineering

Introduction:
Course Description
Introduction to ecology of environment; Impact technology on ecology of system; The
effects of industrial pollutants on human environments; Environmental impact
assesment and sustainable development; Air pollution and its control; Water pollution
and its control; Industrial waste water and its control; Industrial noise pollution and its
control; Future requirements of process industries and developments under the
constraints of diminishing world resources and ecological demands of human
enviroment.
Objective
- To increase individual’s awareness level by providing information that will encourage
to change the behavior and decrease the chance for an unpleasant event.
- Reduce injuries and illnesses and in maintaining a safe working environment.
- Provide us with a structured system for identifying hazards, assesisn risks associated
with those hazardsm putting in place measure to control the unacceptable risks and to
review the control measures to ensure they are effective and have not introduced new
hazards.

Definiton
Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to
improve the environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthy water, 02. Acid Rain
air and land for human habitation and for other organisms, and to remediate polluted Form of precipitation with acidic components such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall
sites. through the ground from the atmosphere.
According to ASCE, Environmental engineering is manifest by sound engineering
thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation, notably in 03. Ozone Layer Deplection
the provision of safe, palatable, and ample public water supplies; the proper disposal of Gradual thinning of the Earth’s ozone layer in the atmosphere.
or recycle of wastewater and solid wastes; the adequate drainage of urban and rural
areas for proper sanitation; and the control of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution, 04. Deforestation
and the social and environmental impact of these solutions. It refers to the permanent removal of standing forests, often for the purpose of
Ecology – is how living and non-living things affect each other in their environment converting the land to other uses. This can involve clearing the land for agriculture,
livestock grazing, mining, urban development, or even illegal logging.
Current Environmental Issues
Our environment faces several problems, and many of these seem to be worsening with 05. Loss of Biodiversity
time, bringing us into a time of a true environmental crisis. It is therefore becoming Decrease in the biodiversity within a species, an ecosystem, and a given geographic area
increasingly important to raise awareness of the existence of these issues, as well as as a whole.
what can be done to reduce their negative impact. Some of the key issues are:
06. Ocean Acidification
01. Public Health Issues Reduction in the PH of the ocean over a period of time caused primarily by the uptake
Effect of Climate Change on Human Health of Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere.

07. Waste Disposal

Waste disposal is the process of removing, treating, and disposing of unwanted
materials produced by human activities. It encompasses a wide range of methods and
considerations, with the ultimate goal of minimizing negative impacts on the
environment and human health.

Due to an increase in floods, tsunamis and other natural calamities, the average death
08. Overpopulation toll usually increases. Also, such events can bring about the spread of diseases that can
Undersirable condition where the existing human population exceeds the actual hamper human life.
carrying capacity of the earth.
06. Loss of Natural Habitat
09. Global Warming A global shift in the climate leads to the loss of habitats of several plants and animals. In
- Unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to the green this case, the animals need to migrate from their natural habitat and many of them even
house gases releases as people burn fossil fuels. become extinct. This is yet another major impact of global warming on biodiversity.

Causes of Global Warming 10. Pollution

A.) Man made Causes - The introduction of substances or energy into the environment, by people, liable to
01. Deforestation cause harm to living creatures or ecological systems.
02. Use of Vehicle - Waste becomes pollution if the level discharged exceeds the capacity of the
03. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC’s) environment to absorb it without adverse effect.
04. Industrial Development
05. Agriculture Types of Pollution that we are going to look at:
06. Overpopulation - Air Pollution
- Water Pollution
B.) Natural Causes - Land Pollution
01. Volcanoes - Noise Pollution
02. Water Vapor - Thermal Pollution
03. Melting Permafrost - Radiation Pollution
04. Forest Blazes
a) According the medium in which it occurs: air (or atmospheric) pollution, water and
Effects of Global Warming soil pollution.
01. Rise in Temperature b) Depending on who/what produced pollution (the source). Antropic pollution refers
Global warming has led to an incredible increase in earth’s temperature. Since 1880, the to pollution caused by man, while natural pollution refers to pollution that has occurred
earth’s temperature has increased by ~1 degrees. This has resulted in an increase in the naturally, i.e. originated by “nature”. Note that the term “natural pollution” indicates a
melting of glaciers, which have led to an increase in the sea level. This could have non antropic source, not a “natural” substance.
devastating effects on coastal regions. c) Depending on the location of the source: emissions can be due to mobile or
stationary sources (point source).
02. Threats to the Ecosystem d) Depending on the chemical transformations of the pollutants. If pollutants are
Global warming has affected the coral reefs that can lead to a loss of plant and animal emitted directly by a source, they are called “primary pollutants”, if they arise from the
lives. Increase in global temperatures has made the fragility of coral reefs even worse. transformation of primary pollutants into other substances, they are usually called
secondary “pollutants”.
03. Climate Change
Global warming has led to a change in climatic conditions. There are droughts at some
places and floods at some. This climatic imbalance is the result of global warming.

04. Spread of Diseases

Global warming leads to a change in the patterns of heat and humidity. This has led to
the movement of mosquitoes that carry and spread diseases.

05. High Mortality Rates

Environmental Regulations and Policies
Environmental Laws and Regulations in the Philippines
Environmental regulations and policies are rules and guidelines put in place by RA 8749 – Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
governments, organizations, and international bodies to protect the environment and Regulates air quality, sets emission standards, and outlines pollution control
public health. These regulations and policies set standards for the quality of air, water, measures.
and soil, as well as for the management of hazardous waste and the use of natural
resources. They also establish procedures for environmental impact assessment, RA 9275 – Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
pollution prevention, and emergency response. Focuses on protecting water resources, establishing water quality standards, and
regulating wastewater discharge.
Environmental regulations and policies are based on a number of legal frameworks and
international agreements, including: RA 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
National and regional environmental laws: Governments establish national and regional Promotes waste reduction, segregation, recycling, and proper disposal of solid
laws to regulate environmental issues such as air and water quality, waste management, waste.
and biodiversity conservation. For example, the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act
in the United States are national laws that set standards for air and water quality and RA 6969 – Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste Control Act of 1990
regulate emissions from industries and other sources. Regulates the imporation, manufacture, processing, transportm storage, and
International agreements: International agreements and conventions, such as the disposal of hazardous waste.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), establish global standards for environmental PD 1586 – Environmental Impacr Assessment System
protection and conservation. These agreements provide a framework for cooperation Mandates environmental imact assessments for major infrastructure projects to
among countries to address environmental challenges that cross national borders. minimize their environmental impact.
Industry-specific regulations: Many industries, such as the energy and mining sectors,
are subject to specific environmental regulations that apply to their operations. For Government bodies that implement these laws
example, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) in the United States DENR -Department of Environment and Natural Resources
regulates the handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste generated by industry.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR): Many companies have adopted CSR policies that Sub agencies
outline their commitments to environmental protection and sustainability. These EMB – Environmental Management Bureau
policies may include goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving water and FMB – Forestry Management Bureau
energy efficiency, and reducing waste. BMM – Biodiversity Management Bureau
The implementation and enforcement of environmental regulations and policies vary MGB – Mines and Geosciences Bureau
by country and region. In many cases, government agencies are responsible for
enforcing environmental laws and regulations and can impose fines or penalties for CCC – Climate Change Coalition
noncompliance. In addition, public advocacy and pressure from non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and other stakeholders can also influence the implementation of LLDA – Laguna Lake Development Authority
environmental regulations and policies.
Overall, environmental regulations and policies are essential tools for protecting the NWRB – National Water Resources Board
environment and public health, and promoting sustainable development. They help to
ensure that human activities are conducted in a way that minimizes negative impacts
on the environment, and that natural resources are managed in a responsible and
sustainable manner.