Date of publication 22 October 2023, date of current version 30 October 2023.

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.Doi Number

ACCIDENT DETECTION AND ARLERT

SYSTEM
Chiradza Lawine and Mudawarima Tawanda, (Member, IEEE)
1
School of Information Science and Technology
2
Department of Information Technology, Harare Institute Of Technology

Corresponding author: Chiradza Lawine (e-mail: [email protected]).

ABSTRACT One of the major causes of death worldwide is road accidents. In many cases this is due to
family members or emergency services not informed in time. This results in delayed emergency response
time which lead to individuals’ death or severe injury. The purpose of this project is to reduce the response
time of emergency services in cases like road accidents. This project presents an accident detection and
alert system that operates on the basis of collecting information through vehicular sensor networks,
processing it, integrating knowledge and, finally, issuing alert notification of accident and accident location
spot to emergency responder via GSM network facilitating quick response. This project aims at detection of
occurrence of an accident and reporting the location of accident to the previously coded numbers so that
immediate help can be provided by ambulance or the relatives concerned. It seeks eliminating the delay
between accident occurrence and first responder dispatch, relaying situational data to first responders. It is
impossible to completely prevent or avoid accident but measures can be put in place to reduce impact of
accident. Proposed system makes an effort to provide the emergency facilities to the victims in the shortest
time possible.

INDEX TERMS Accident detection, Alert System, GSM.

I. INTRODUCTION responders to help counter these emerging problems and

The number of deaths due to traffic accidents is very high. reduce casualties as much as possible.
Looking at the number of deaths and injuries due to road
traffic accidents shows the global crisis of road safety. II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND RELATED WORKS
According to the latest WHO data published in 2020 Road They are some researchers who researched accident detection
Traffic Accidents Deaths in Zimbabwe reached 6,037 or using Smart application like Jules White. Jules White et al
5.57% of total deaths. The age adjusted Death Rate is detected road accidents using Smartphone notification. The
63.47 per 100,000 of population ranks Zimbabwe number iPhone 4 builds with GPS, accelerometer, two microphones,
two in the world. The most likely reason for an a three-axis gyroscope, filtering system, and analysis
individual's death in an accident is lack of the first aid algorithms. GPS for geographic coordinates, two
provision that is because of emergency services not microphones for sound detection, 3 axis gyroscopes in
receiving information about accident in time. Emergency Smartphone localization, and an accelerometer for the force
response time is extremely vital when it involves incidents applied on Smartphone. The Smartphone detected the
involving vehicle accidents. In order to reduce response accident and send the automatic information with geographic
time, implementation of enhanced traffic technologies coordinates to the central server through a 3G internet
would be necessary, which will help scale back response connection, the server processes the data and alerts the
time and therefore reduce fatalities. The purpose of this emergency services and authorities. This system has a
research is to design and implement such an automated weakness; all sensors are embedded in a Smartphone. If the
system that uses vehicular sensor networks to detect Smartphone is down meant all systems are down, the
vehicle accidents and report it to the nearest available Smartphone need more configuration system to capture all
data means the Smartphone must be complex. The

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Smartphone can drop down, the accelerometer detects the Test Expected Observed Test
accident pressure and, in that case, the accelerometer gives Result Result result
the wrong data about accidents also there is a response if the
server receives the data from a Smartphone.
When the Can detect accident Pass
Jules wasn’t the only one who detected the road accident, accident accident. detected
later Deeksha Gour detected the road accident with an AI occurred,
model.Deeksha Gour and Amit Kanskar detected road Accelerometer
accidents and alert nearby hospitals or traffic police using an sensor and
automated AI-Based Road Traffic Accident Alert System. vibration
Automated AI Based Road Traffic Accident Alert System sensor should
uses artificial intelligence based on Neural networks and be able to
Deep Learning of object detection, their approach worked on detect the
images recorded videos. This system has a weakness, for the accident.
roads without cameras the road accident will not detect. J. GPS Module of Location should Location Pass
Maleki et al detected the road accident with the Intelligent this system be exact was exact
Alarm System for Road Collision, the system had three parts, should be able
vehicle unit, GSM module, and emergency unit. A vehicle to detect
unit composed of a GPS receiver, processor and crash vehicle
sensors, GSM module for the information transfer function. location
Intelligent Alarm System for Road Collision detected the correctly
accident and sends the information to the emergency unit, but GSM Module SMS will be SMS was Pass
this approach identifies the accident based on one type of of this system sent been sent
sensor, crash sensors. A wrong positive accident can be should be able
detected easily. to send SMS.

Arsalan Khan et al detected road accidents with accident

detection and Smart Rescue System using Android
Smartphone with Real-Time Location Tracking. This system Microcontrolle Can send data to Sent data to Pass
detects the accident using accelerometer sensors embedded r should be server server
in Smartphone and generate an emergency alert and send it to able to send
the nearest emergency responders. The weakness is that the data to server
accident was detected based on G –forces detected by the using Wi-Fi
accelerometer, one type of sensor embedded in the Module.
Smartphone can increase the G forces without an accident. Microcontrolle Can retrieve data retrieved pass
r should be data
Jorge Zaldivar et al Providing Accident Detection in Vehicle able to retrieve
Networks Thought OBDII Devices and Android-based data from the
Smartphone. The system is composed of smartphones with server.
Android-based monitoring of the vehicle through a Board
Diagnostics (OBD-II) interface; the system detects the
accident and sending information about the accident through
e-mail or SMS to emergency services, but it has some Table2.
weaknesses; the OBDII standard is not available in all
vehicles. Test Expected Result Observed Test
Result result

User should Can get SMS Got SMS Pass

able to get
III. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS SMS from
Table1. this system
successfully

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 User should Can see location Saw Pass http://dr.ur.ac.rw/bitstream/handle/123456789/1400/Adeline
%20thesis%20f.pdf. [Accessed: 18-September-2022].
see the location [4] J. White, C. Thompson, H. Turner, B. Dougherty, and D. C. Schmidt,
accident “WreckWatch: Automatic traffic accident detection and notification
location. with smartphones,” Mob. Networks Appl., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 285–
303, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s11036-011-0304-8.
[5] D. Gour and A. Kanskar, “Automated AI Based Road Traffic
Ambulance Should get the Got the Pass Accident Alert System : YOLO Algorithm,” vol. 8, no. 08, pp. 574–
578, 2019.
should able to direction direction [6] J. Maleki, E. Foroutan, and M. A. Rajabi, “Intelligent Alarm System
get the for Road Collision,” J. Earth Sci. Eng., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 162–168,
direction to 2011.
reach the [7] A. Khan, F. Bibi, M. Dilshad, S. Ahmed, Z. Ullah, and H. Ali,
“Accident detection and smart rescue system using android
accident smartphone with real-time location tracking,” Int. J. Adv. Comput.
place. Sci. Appl., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 341–355, 2018, doi:
Authority Can update Server data Pass 10.14569/IJACSA.2018.090648.
[8] J. Zaldivar, C. T. Calafate, J. C. Cano, and P. Manzoni, “Providing
should be server data updated accident detection in vehicular networks through OBD-II devices and
able to update android-based smartphones,” Proc. - Conf. Local Comput. Networks,
server data. LCN, pp. 813–819, 2011, doi: 10.1109/LCN.2011.6115556.

IV. CONCLUSION
The future scope of this system can have some
improvisation using a wireless webcam can be added in this
for capturing the images which will help in providing
driver`s assistance. This can also be bettered by locking all
the brakes automatically in case of accident. Mostly in
accidents, it becomes serious as the drivers lose control and
fails to stop the vehicle. In such cases, the vibration sensor
will be triggered because of the vibrations received and also
processed by the processor. The processor has to be linked
to the devices which can lock the brakes when triggered.
With this improvement, we can stop the vehicle and can
weaken the impact of the accident. This system can also be
utilized in fleet management, food services, traffic violation
cases, rental vehicle services.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest
gratitude to my Almighty God, for the unconditional and
infinite love he has for me, and for making, by his grace,
who I am today. I would like to thank my family, to thank
everyone who has taken part in that process, particularly my
supervisor Mr Mudawarima for his supervision and support
in this project. I am extremely grateful to you.

REFERENCES
[1] “Road traffic accidents in Zimbabwe,” World Life Expectancy.
[Online]. Available:
https://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/zimbabwe-road-traffic-
accidents. [Accessed: 20-August-2022].
[2] Solomon Mutwiri Follow, “Accident detection and notification
system,” Share and Discover Knowledge on SlideShare. [Online].
Available: https://www.slideshare.net/SolomonMutwiri/accident-
detection-and-notification-system-77037088. [Accessed: 20-August-
2022].
[3] “Smart application for accident detection based ... - university of
Rwanda.” [Online]. Available:

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 CHIRADZA LAWINE received the B.Tech.
degree in Information Technology from Harare
Institute of Technology, Zimababwe, in 2023.

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