 The Laguna Copperplate Inscription

 shows the use of mathematics in pre-colonial Philippine societies

 a standard system of weights and measures for gold
 familiarity with rudimentary astronomy is shown by fixing the
precise day within the month in relation to the phases of the
moon
 Ship Building
 showed geometric thinking and mastery of convexity,
concavity, and the proper proportion to ensure efficient sailing
 the practice of constructing as much as twelve ships and boats
to fit inside each other, not unlike matryoshka dolls, can be
interpreted as large three-dimensional wooden demonstration of
sets, subsets, volumes, and ordinality.

 The Banaue Rice Terraces

 demonstrates the sophistication of engineering by pre-Spanish
era Filipinos.
 Contributed to the growth of science and technology
 Introduction of formal education and founding of scientific
institutions.
 Parish schools were established where religion, reading,
writing, arithmetic and music were taught.
 Introduced sanitation and more advanced methods of
agriculture
 Established colleges and universities in the archipelago
including the University of Santo Tomas
 Astronomy was already known and practiced Spanish friars’
accounts in the 1580s showed that there were local names of
constellations, such as Moroporo for the Pleiades and Balatik
for Ursa Major among others.
 In 1687, Isaac Newton included an explicit reference to the
Philippines in his classic Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia
Mathematica by mentioning Leuconia, the ancient Ptolemaic
name for the Philippines.
 The study of medicine was given priority
  Biology is given focus
 botanists - Fr. Ignacio Mercado., Dr. Trinidad Pardo de
Tavera and Dr. Leon Ma Guerrero, chemist Anaclento del
Rosario, and medicine scholars Dr. Manuel Guerrero, Dr,
Jose Montes and Dr. Elrodario Mercado
 Contributed to the field of engineering in the islands by
constructing government buildings, churches, roads,
bridges and forts
 The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine
economy
 Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard colonial authorities
due to the prospects of big profits.
 Agriculture and industrial development on the other hand were
relatively neglected.
 The opening of the Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors
 Some Filipinos were able to study in Europe and probably
influenced by the rapid development of scientific ideals brought
by the Age of Enlightenment
 July 1, 1901, the Philippine Commission established
the Bureau of Government Laboratories which was
placed under the Department of Interior
 replaced the Laboratorio Municipal, which was
established under the Spanish colonial era
 dealt with the study of tropical diseases and laboratory
projects.
 On October 26, 1905, it was replaced by the Bureau of
Science
 the primary research center of the Philippines until World
War II
 On December 8, 1933, the National Research Council
of the Philippines was established.
 Science was inclined towards agriculture, food processing,
medicine and pharmacy.
 the development of industrial technology was not prioritized due
to the free trade policy with the United States, the economy of
which geared towards agriculture and trade
 In 1946 the Institute of Science replaced the Bureau of
Science.
 In 1950, the US Economic Survey to the Philippines
reported a lack of basic information necessary to the
country's industries, lack of support of experimental work
and minimal budget for scientific research, and low
salaries of scientists employed by the government
 In 1958, President Carlos P. Garcia, through the Philippine
Congress, passed the Science Act of 1958 which
established the National Science Development Board.
 Science was given more importance
 The 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 (1),
declared that the "advancement of science and technology
shall have priority in the national development.“
 In his two terms of presidency and during Martial Law, he
enacted many laws promoting science and technology.
 Second State of the Nation Address on January 23, 1967
 science was necessary for the development programs, and
thus, directed the Department of Education to revitalize the
science courses in public high schools.
 The Department of Education, with the National Science
Development Board (NSDB), provided selected high schools
with science teaching equipment over a four-year period.
 Third State of the Nation Address on January 22, 1968,
 recognized technology as the leading factor in economic
development,
 channeled additional funds to support projects in applied
sciences and science education
 Fourth State of the Nation Address on January 27, 1969,
 a big part of the war damage fund was given to private
universities to encourage them to create courses in science
and technology and in research.
 Planned a project to have medical interns do a tour of duty in
provincial hospitals to arouse their social consciousness and
reduce the "brain drain."
 proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of
the Philippine Science Community.
 The government also conducted seminars for public and
private high school and college science teachers, training
programs and scholarships for graduate and undergraduate
science scholars, and workshops on fisheries and
oceanography.
 Fifth State of the Nation Address on January 26, 1970
 emphasized the upgrading of science curricula and teaching
equipment is crucial to the science development program.
  added the Philippine Coconut Research Institute to the NSDB
to modernize the coconut industry.
 The NSDB also established the Philippine Textile Research
Institute.
 The Philippine Atomic Energy Commission of the NSDB
explored the uses of atomic energy for economic
development.
 Marcos assisted 107 institutions in undertaking nuclear energy
work by sending scientists to study nuclear science and
technology abroad, and providing basic training to 482
scientists, doctors, engineers, and technicians.
 Seventh State of the Nation Address on January 24, 1972,
 major development projects in reforming sectors of education.
including research and development schools, technical
institutes, science education centers, and agricultural colleges
and vocational high schools.
 Created the National Grains Authority to provide for the
development of the rice and corn industry(Presidential
Decree No. 4, s. 1972)[
 established the Philippine Council for Agricultural
Research, attached to the Department of Agriculture and
Natural Resources for administrative purposes. to support
the progressive development of agriculture, forestry, and
fisheries for the nation.
 provided further support for the promotion of scientific
research and invention with Presidential Decree No. 49, s.
1972. This decree contains details on the protection of
intellectual property for the creator or publisher of the
work
 established the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) under the
Department of National Defense to provide environmental
protection and to utilize scientific knowledge to ensure the
safety of the people. (Presidential Decree No. 78, s. 1972)
 created the Philippine National Oil Company to
promote industrial and economic development through
effective and efficient use of energy sources.
(Presidential Decree No. 334, s. 1973)
 enacted a law under Presidential Decree No. 1003-A, s.
1976 to establish the National Academy of Science and
Technology, composed of scientists with "innovative
achievement in the basic and applied sciences," to serve
as a reservoir of scientific and technological expertise for
the country
 created a Task Force on the formulation of a national
action program on science and technology to assess
policies and programs of science and technology.
(Executive Order No. 512, s. 1978)
 Fourteenth State of the Nation Address on July 23, 1979
 the government invested funds and time in organizations for
scientific research, such as the NSDB, the Philippine Council for
Agricultural Research and Resources, the Plant Breeding
Institute, the International Rice Research Institute, the Bureau
of Plant Industry, and the Bureau of Forest Products. (While
these projects have had breakthroughs, the market machinery did not
adapt and invest in this technology due to the high-risk front-end
costs.)
 constituted the Health Sciences Center created by R.A.
No. 5163 as an autonomous member within the University
of the Philippines System to improve the internal
organization and unity of leadership within its units.
(Executive Order No. 519, s. 1979)
 created the National Committee on Geological Sciences
to advise government and private entities on matters
concerning development in geological sciences.
(Executive Order No. 625, s. 1980)
 reorganized the National Science Development Board
and its agencies into a National Science and Technology
Authority to provide central direction and coordination of
scientific and technological research and development.
(Executive Order No. 784, s. 1982)
 granted salary increases to the people with teaching
positions in the Philippine Science High School due to their
necessity in the advancement of national science.
(Executive Order No. 810, s. 1982).
 enacted a law on the completion of the National
Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Complex at the
University of the Philippines at Los Baños. (Executive Order
No. 840, s. 1982)
 established the Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the
Philippine Science High School to encourage careers in
science and technology and provide access to talented
students in the Mindanao and Visayas areas. (Executive
Order No. 1090, s. 1986)
 In 1986, the Department of Science and
technology replaced the National Science
and Technology Authority, giving science and
technology a representation in the cabinet
 the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan
for the years 1987–1992, highlighted the role of
science and technology in economic recovery
and sustainability
 State of the Nation Address in 1990,
 science and technology development shall be one
of the top three priorities of the government towards
an economic recovery
 On August 8, 1988, the Presidential Task Force for Science and
Technology was created and came up with the first Science
and Technology Master Plan or STMP.
 Aimed for the Philippines to achieve newly industrialized country
status by 2000.
 encouraged scientists and inventors to bring the Philippines to its
former position as second only to Japan in the field of science
and technology.
 Urged the private research sector to form a stronger bond with
public research to help jump-start the progress in the area of
Philippine Research and Development

(The Congress did not put much priority in handling bills related to science and
technology. The Senate Committee on Science and Technology was one of the
committees that handles the fewest bills for deliberation.)
 budget allocation for science and technology was
increased to 1.054 billion pesos in 1989 from the previous
year's 464 million pesos according to DOST Secretary
Ceferin Follosco.
 due to the Asian financial crisis, budget allocation for the years
1990 and 1991 were trimmed down to 920 and 854 million pesos
respectively. Budget allocation were increased to 1.7 billion
pesos in 1992.
 Ironically, Executive Order No.128 abolished R.A. No. 3859,
also known as the “Philippine Inventors Incentive Act.”
 The Philippine Inventors Commission was under the Science
Development board.
 gave assistance to Filipino inventors through giving financial aid,
patent application assistance, legal assistance, and to help
inventors market their products domestically and abroad.
(Despite the abolishment of the Philippine Inventors Commission,
the administration gave rise to new avenues for the government
to aid the progress of Science and Technology in the country).
 R.A. 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Act of
1988 opened doors to free education up to the secondary
level, and implemented in the education system was the
“Science for the Masses Program” which aimed at
scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos.
 The Aquino administration recognized the importance of science
and technology in the development of the Philippines into a
newly industrialized country.
 Funding for the science and technology sector was
tripled from 464 million in 1986 to 1.7 billion in 1992.
 The Science and Technology Master Plan was
formulated which aimed at the modernization of the
production sector, upgrading research activities, and
development of infrastructure for science and
technological purposes.
 A Research and Development Plan was also
formulated to examine and determine which areas
of research needed attention and must be given
priority.
 The criteria for identifying the program to be pursued were:
development of local materials, probability of success,
potential of product in the export market, and its strategic
nature. The grants for the research and development
programs was included in the Omnibus Investment Law.
 President Fidel Ramos' 3rd State of the Nation Address.
 a significant increase in personnel specializing in the science and
technology field. The estimated number of competent scientists and
engineers was around 3,000.
 Adding to the increase of scientists would be the result of the two
newly built Philippine Science High Schools in Visayas and Mindanao
which promotes further development of young kids through
advance S&T curriculum.
 The government provided 3,500 scholarships for students who were
taking up professions related to S&T.
 Schools were becoming more modernized and updated with the
addition of high-tech equipment for student improvement
 teachers were getting training programs to benefit themselves and
their students.
 Health care services were promoted through local programs such as
"Doctors to the Barrio Program."
 The health care programs were innovative and effective as shown
by the change in life expectancy from 67.5 years in 1992 to 69.1
years in 1995.
  Priority for Sciene &Technology personnel increased with the
establishment of the Magna Carta for Science and Technology
Personnel (Republic Act No. 8439)
 The award was published in order to give incentives and rewards for
people who have been influential in the field of S&T.
 education was one of the primary story-lines with programs such as
National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in Science and Technology
and enactment of a law creating a nationwide system of high schools
specializing in the field of science and engineering.
 Fidel V. Ramos believed that science and technology was one
of the means for the Philippines to attain the status of new
industrialized country (NIC).
 During his term, he was able to establish programs that were significant to
the field of S&T. In 1993, Science and Technology Agenda for National
Development (STAND) was established. Among its priorities were: (1)
exporting winners identified by the DTI; (2) domestic needs identified by
the President's Council for Countryside Development; (3) support
industries and (4) coconut industry development.
 Congress was able to enact laws that were significant for the field.
Among were: (1) Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel
(Republic Act No. 8439); (2) Science and Technology Scholarship Law of
1994 (Republic Act No. 7687) and (3) Inventors and Inventions Incentives
Act (Republic Act No. 7459). The Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293) was enacted during Ramos' term. The
law provides industrial property rights, copyrights and related rights, and
technology transfer arrangements.[34]
 Joseph Estrada’s term
 First State of the Nation Address
launched a full-scale program based on cost-
effective irrigation technologies.
announced that Dole-outs are out, which meant
basic health care, basic nutrition, and useful
education for those who want, but cannot afford it.
Lastly, he said that they would speed up the program
to establish one science high school in every
province.[3
 two major legislations were signed :
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No.
8749) designed to protect and preserve the
environment and ensure the sustainable
development of its natural resources,
Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No.
8792)[36] which outlaws computer hacking and
provides opportunities for new businesses emerging
from the Internet-driven New Economy.
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo administration
 dubbed as the "golden age" of science and technology by then
secretary Estrella Albastro
 Numerous laws and projects were created concerning both
the environment and science to push technology as a tool to
increase the country's economic
 "Filipinnovation" was the coined term used in helping the
Philippines to be an innovation hub in Asia
 Science & Technology Innovation was developed further by
strengthening the schools and education system such as the
Philippine Science High School (PSHS), which focuses in science,
technology and mathematics in their curriculum.
 helps schools produce more involvement
 Private sectors were also encouraged to participate in
developing the schools through organizing events and
sponsorships believed to produce Future Filipino scientists and
innovators