QA - 3

Percentages, Profit and Loss and

Partnership

Class Exercise
Total Questions: 20 30 Minutes

1. 10% of 40% of 20% of Rs.500 is:

(a) Rs.22 (b) Rs.150 (c) Rs.67 (d) Rs.4
Sol. (d)
2. In an election contested by two, the winner wins by a margin of 12000 votes. If the total eligible votes
were 92000, by what percent are the votes obtained by the winner more than those obtained by the
loser?
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 30
Sol. (d)

Where x and y are votes obtained by the winner and loser respectively. Solving above equation, x =
52000 and y = 40000
Required
3. In an examination, a student who gets 20% of the maximum marks fails by 5 marks. Another student
who scores 30% of the maximum marks gets 20 marks more than the pass marks. The necessary
percentage required for passing is :
(a) 32% (b) 23% (c) 22% (d) 20%
Sol. (c) Let the maximum marks = x
Then by given condition, Passing marks

Percentage required for passing

4. A screwdriver and a hammer cost the same now. If the price of a screwdriver increases by 5% and that
of the hammer by 3%, how much more will it cost to buy 3 screwdrivers and 3 hammers?
(a) 4% (b) 5% (c) 8% (d) 24%
Sol. (a) The price of a screwdriver and hammer are increased by 5% and 3% respectively. Clearly, the
price of 3 screwdrivers and 3 hammers will also be increased by 5% and 3% respectively.
If the price be 100 and 100 initially, then the new price = 105 and 103 respectively.
( ) ( )
Required ( )

5. Sugar is now being sold at Rs.15 per kg. During last month its rate was Rs.13 per kg. Find by how much
percent a family must reduce its consumption to keep the expenditure fixed.
(a) (b) 14% (c) 15% (d)
Sol. (a) Percentage increase in the price

The percentage by which the family must reduce its consumption =[ ]

6. The price of rice falls by 20%. How much rice can be bought now with the money that was sufficient to
buy 20 kg of rice previously?
(a) 5 kg (b) 15 kg (c) 25 kg (d) 30 kg

Page 1 of 7
 QA - 3
Percentages, Profit and Loss and
Partnership

Sol. (c) Suppose 20 kg rice costs Rs.100.

Now, the price falls by 20% i.e., new price = Rs.80
Quantity of rice bought for Rs.80 =20 kg
quantity of rice bought for Rs. g
7. The length of a rectangle is doubled while its breadth is halved. What is the percentage change in area?
(a) 25 (b) 55 (c) 75 (d) none of these
Sol. (d) Net effect * +
8. 4/5th of the voters in Bellary promised to vote for Sonia Gandhi and the rest promised to vote for
Sushma Swaraj. Of these voters, 10% of the voters who had promised to vote for Sonia Gandhi, did not
vote on the election day, while 20% of the voters who had promised to vote for Sushma Swaraj did not
vote on the election day. What is the total number of votes polled if Sonia Gandhi got 216 votes?
(a) 200 (b) 300 (c) 264 (d) 100
Sol. (c) Let the total number of voters be 100.
Number of voters voted for Sonia Gandhi
Number of voters voted for Sushma Swaraj
total votes polled
Now,
9. In a class 60% of the students pass in Hindi and 45% pass in Sanskrit. If 25% of them pass in both the
subjects what percentage of the students fails in both the subjects?
(a) 80% (b) 75% (c) 20% (d) 25%
Sol. (c) Number of students failed in both the subjects = 100-(45+60-25)=20%
10. Oranges are bought at 7 for Rs. 3. At what rate per hundred must they be sold to gain 33%?
(a) Rs. 56 . (b) Rs. 60 (c) Rs. 58 (d) Rs. 57
Sol. (d) CP of an orange
CP of 100 oranges
( )
SP of 100 oranges
11. A reduction of 20% in the price of sugar enables a person to get 5.2 kg more sugar for Rs.130. The
original price of sugar per kg is:
(a) Rs.5 (b) Rs.5.75 (c) Rs.6.25 (d) Rs.7.50
Sol. (c) Reduced price
Original price
12. A hawker gains the selling price of 4 ball-point pens on selling 1 dozen pens. His gain percentage is:
(a) 25 (b) (c) 50 (d)
Sol. (c) Gain = SP of 4 pens
SP of 1 dozen pens - CP of 1 dozen pens = SP of 4 pens { Gain = SP - CP}
SP of 12 pens - SP of 4 pens = CP of 12 pens
SP of 8 pens = CP of 12 pens
Gain
13. The profit earned by selling an article for Rs.1500 is three times the loss incurred if the same article is
sold for Rs.900. In order to earn a profit of 20%, at what price should the article be sold?

Page 2 of 7
 QA - 3
Percentages, Profit and Loss and
Partnership

(a) Rs.1200 (b) Rs.1440 (c) Rs.1260 (d) Rs.1000

Sol. (c)
14. A shopkeeper pretends to sell at the cost price but uses a weight of 800 gms for 1 kg. What is his
gain/loss?
(a) 20% loss (b) 25% loss (c) 20% gain (d) 25% gain.
Sol. (d) i
15. A profit of 20% is made on goods when a discount of 10% is given on the list price. If a discount of 20%
is given on the list price, the profit will be :
(a) 3 1/3% (b) 5% (c) 6 2/3% (d) 10%
Sol. (c) MP above
if

Hence, .
16. A man sells two tables at the same price. On one he makes a profit of 10% and on the other he suffers a
loss of 10%. His loss percent on the whole transaction is:
(a) 0% (b) 1% (c) 2% (d) 5%
Sol. (b)
17. A began a business with Rs. 4500 and was joined afterwards by B with Rs. 5400. When did B join if the
profits at the end of the year were divided in the ratio 2:1?
(a) after 4 months (b) after 5 months (c) after 6 months (d) after 7 months
Sol. (d)
18. Mr. Ajay Shah and Mr. Chander Mehta started partnership with capitals of Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 30,000
respectively. After five months, Mr. Ajay Shah was replaced by his son, Mr. Vijay Shah who added Rs.
20,000 to his father's capital. If, at the end of one year, a profit of Rs. 37,000 is made, what is the share of
profit enjoyed by the family of Shah's?
(a) Rs. 18,000 (b) Rs. 15,000 (c) Rs. 19,000 (d) Rs. 25,000
Sol. (c)
19. In a business Ashok is the working partner while Pawan is the sleeping partner. Ashok puts in Rs. 5,000
and Pawan invests Rs. 6,000. Ashok receives12 1/2% of the profit for managing the business. The rest is
divided in proportion to their capitals. If the total profit is Rs. 880 then Pawan's share is :
(a) Rs. 400 (b) Rs. 450 (c) Rs. 480 (d) Rs. 420
Sol. (d)
20. Deep and Jagat contribute 1/2 and 1/3 of the capital and Pramod contributes the remaining capital. Deep,
Jagat and Pramod will share the profits in the proportion:
(a) 2 : 3 : 1 (b) 3 : 2 : 5 (c) 2 : 3 : 6 (d) 3 : 2 : 1
Sol. (d)

Page 3 of 7
 QA - 3
Percentages, Profit and Loss and
Partnership

Class Test
Total Questions: 15 15 Minutes
1. In an election between two candidates, 75% of the voters cast their votes, out of which 2% votes were
declared invalid. A candidate got 9261 votes, which were 75% of the valid votes. The total number of
voters enrolled in that election was :
(a) 16000 (b) 16400 (c) 16800 (d) 18000
Sol. (c) Let the total number of voters be x, then by given condition

2. If A's salary is 25% higher than B's salary, how much percent is B's salary lower than A's?
(a) 15% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d)
Sol. (b)
3. The population of the village of Goa is 10,000 at this moment. It increases by 10% in the first year.
However, in the second year, due to immigration, the population drops by 5%. Find the population at
the end of the third year if in the third year the population increases by 20%.
(a) 12,340. (b) 12,540 (c) 1,27,540 (d) 12,840
Sol. (b) Population after 3 years ( )( )( )

4. A student multiplied a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3. What is the percentage error in the calculation?
(a) 44% (b) 34% (c) 54% (d) 64%
Sol. (d) Required
5. If the price of petrol is increased by 30%, by how much percent a car owner must reduce his
expenditure in order to maintain the same budget?
(a) 33% (b) (c) (d) 21%
Sol. (b)
6. A man buys two cows for Rs.1350 and sells one so as to lose 6% and the other-so as to gain 7.5% and on
the whole he neither gains nor loses. What does the first cow cost?
(a) Rs.750 (b) Rs.600 (c) Rs.800 (d) none of these
Sol. (a) Solve by options,

7. A vender bought toffees at 6 for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 20%?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 4.5
Sol. (b) i.e. 5 for a rupee.
8. Aman buys an article for 10% less than its value and sells it for 10% more than its value. His gain or loss
percent is:
(a) less than 20% profit (b) more than 20% profit
(c) 20% profit (d) no profit, no loss
Sol. (b) Let its price = Rs.100
Then d Rs
, i.e., more than 20%.

Page 4 of 7
 QA - 3
Percentages, Profit and Loss and
Partnership

9. Two motor cars were sold for Rs.9,900 each gaining 35% on one and losing 35% on the other. The gain
or loss percent in the whole transaction is:
(a) neither loss nor gain (b) 12.25% profit
(c) profit (d) 12.25% loss
Sol. (d)
10. A merchant allows 10% for each payment on the marked price of an article and still gains at the rate of
10%. The cost price of an article which is marked Rs.77 is:
(a) Rs. 70 (b) Rs. 60 (c) Rs. 63 (d) Rs. 62.37
Sol. (c) Let d
Now,
11. The cost of production of a cordless phone set in 2002 is Rs. 900, divided between material, labour and
overheads in the ratio 3:4:2. If the cordless phone set is marked at a price that gives a 20% profit on the
component of price accounted for by labour, what is the marked price of the set?
(a) Rs.980 (b) Rs.1080 (c) Rs.960 (d) none of these
Sol. (a) Cost of labour Rs
Profit on labour Rs
MP of set = 900+80 = Rs.980.
12. A sold a table to B at a profit of 15%. Later on, B sold it back to A at a profit of 20%, thereby gaining
Rs.69. How much did A pay for the table originally?
(a) Rs.300 (b) Rs.320 (c) Rs.345 (d) Rs.350
Sol. (a)
13. The marked price of a table is Rs. 1200, which is 20% above the cost price. It is sold at a discount of
10% on the marked price. Find the profit percent.
(a) 10% (b) 8% (c) 7.5% (d) 6%
Sol. (b) C.P = Rs. 1000 , S.P = Rs. 1080
Profit % =
14. Three men rent a farm for Rs. 7,000 per annum. A puts 110 cows in the farm for 3 months, B puts 110
cows for 6 months and C puts 440 cows for 3 months. What percentage of the total expenditure should
A pay?
(a) 20% (b) 14.28% (c) 16.66% (d) 11.01%
Sol. (b) Ratio of investment =
s Rs . er e t ge f t t e e diture
15. The ratio of investments of Jaipal and Khempal is 11 : 12 and the ratio of their profits is 2 : 3. If Jaipal
invested the money for 8 months, find for how much time Khempal invested his money.
(a) 3 months (b). 6 months (c) 8 months (d) 11 months
Sol. (d)

Page 5 of 7
 QA - 3
Percentages, Profit and Loss and
Partnership

Home Assignment
1. At an election, the candidate who got 56% of the votes cast won by 144 votes. Find the total number of
voters on the voting list if 80% people cast their vote and there were no invalid votes.
(a) 360 (b) 720 (c) 1800 (d) 1500
Sol. (d) Difference of votes = 56-44=12%
votes
Now, it is given that only 80% of voters cast their votes,

2. Ravi's salary was reduced by 10%. In order to have his salary back to the original amount, it must be
raised by :
(a) 10% (b) 11% (c) (d) 12.5%
Sol. (c) ( )
3. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. What percent of the second is
the first number?
(a) 100% (b) 120% (c) 150% (d) 80%
Sol. (d)
4. The ratio of the number of students appearing for examination in the year 1998 in the states A, B and C
was 3:5:6. Next year if the number of students in these states increases by 20%, 10% and 20%
respectively, the ratio in states A and C would be respectively 1 : 2. What was the number of students
who appeared for the examination in the state A in 1998?
(a) 5000 (b) 6000 (c) 7500 (d) data inadequate
Sol. (d) Since the total population is not given therefore the question can’t be solved.
5. Cheap and Best, a kirana shop bought some apples at 4 per rupee and an equal number at 5 per rupee.
He then sold the entire quantity at 9 for 2 rupees. What is his percentage profit or loss?
(a) 1.23% loss (b) 6.66% loss (c) 8.888% gain (d) no profit no loss
Sol. (a) Suppose the quantity of apples bought at each price of 20, (LCM of 4 and 5).
Total Rs

Total SP of 40 apples Rs
6. A book was sold for a certain sum and there was a loss of 20%. Had it been sold for Rs.12 more, there
would have been a gain of 30%. What would be the profit if the book were sold for Rs.4.8 more than
what it was sold for?
(a) no profit, no loss (b) 20% (c) 10% (d) 25%
Sol. (a) 50%=Rs.12 100%=Rs.24
CP of the book = Rs.24 and SP of the book = Rs.19.20
If it is sold for Rs. 4.80 more, SP=19.20+4.80=Rs.24.
Hence, there would be no loss, no profit.
7. The printed price of a calculator is Rs.180. A retailer pays Rs.137.7 for it by getting successive discounts
of 10% and another rate which is illegible. What is the second discount rate?
(a) 12% (b) 12.5% (c) 15% (d) 20%
Sol. (c)

Page 6 of 7
 QA - 3
Percentages, Profit and Loss and
Partnership

8. In the land of the famous milkman Merghese Durian, a milkman sells his buffalo for Rs.720 at some profit.
Had he sold his buffalo at Rs.510, the quantum of the loss incurred would have been double that of the
profit earned. What is the cost price?
(a) Rs.600 (b) Rs.625 (c) Rs.675 (d) none of these
Sol. (d) ( ) ( )
9. Oranges are bought at 7 for Rs.3. At what rate per hundred must they be sold to gain 33%?
(a) Rs.56 (b) Rs.60 (c) Rs.58 (d) Rs.57
Sol. (d) S.P = Rs
10. The cost price of 36 books is equal to the selling price of 30 books. The gain is:
(a) 20% (b) (c) 18% (d)
Sol. (a) 30 S.P = 36 C.P r fit
11. A cloth merchant on selling 33 metres of cloth obtains a profit equal to the selling price of 11 metres of
cloth. The profit percent is:
(a) 45% (b) 50% (c) 35% (d) 63%
Sol. (b) S.P of 33 m = C.P of 33 m + S.P of 11m
r fit
12. By selling an article for Rs.72, there is a loss of 10%. In order to gain 5%, its selling price should be :
(a) Rs.87 (b) Rs.85 (c) Rs.80 (d) Rs.84
Sol. (d) Rs Rs
13. Vijay, Ashok and Yogesh entered into a partnership. Vijay invested th of the capital for 8 months. Ashok
invested th of the capital for 9 months and Yogesh invested the rest of the capital for 12 months. Find
the share of Yogesh in annual profit of Rs. 24,500.
(a) Rs.9,000 (b) Rs.10,000 (c) Rs.12,000 (d) none of these
Sol. (c)
14. A, B, C and D entered into a partnership by investing the capital in the ratio of 2: 3 : 5 : 4. If A invested
the money for 9 months, B for 8 months, C for 4 months and D for 6 months, find the share of C in the
annual profit of Rs.64,500.
(a) Rs.15,000 (b) Rs.11,000 (c) Rs.12,000 (d) none of these
Sol. (a)
15. A, B and C entered into a partnership by investing Rs.28,000, Rs.22,000 and 18,000 respectively. A is also
a working partner and getting 15% of the annual profit for the work. Find the share of B in annual profit
of Rs.40,000.
(a) Rs.11,000 (b) Rs.22,000 (c) Rs.20,000 (d) none of these
Sol. (a) The total profit = Rs.40,000
A gets 15% as working partner
The remaining profit to be distributed among three is = 40,000-6,000=Rs.34,000
The ratio of their profits = 28,000 : 22,000 : 18,000=14:11:9
B’s share

Page 7 of 7