75 R-CIMPEDANCE OR R-L ADMITTANCE FUNCTION

The R-C impedance or R-L admittance function has following properties

1. The poles and zeros lie on the nagative real axis (included origin) of the complex s-plane.
2. The poles and zero interlace (or alternate) along the negative real axis.
3. (a) The residues of the poles of Zpc (8) or YR) must be real and positive.
the
(6) The residues of the poles of the YRdo) or Zi(e) are real and negative, however,
residues of the poles of R-C or must be real and positive.
8

4. The singularity nearest to (or at) the origin must be a pole, i.e., function ZR.c (8) or YR-L6)
oowith 8 0 .
must be i.e., function ZRC8)
singularity nearest to (or at) the minus infinity (-~)
a zero,
5. The
or YR-L{®)>0 with 8-> o , the r e a s o n s listed at the right.
The following functions are not Zrcl8) or Yr.z(8) functions for
(6+1) (s-3) (1)
( Fls) =
Ts+4) (8+8)
248 Synthesia
Fundamentals of Network Analysisand

()
(842)(s+5)
Fs)= (6+1)

B(8+ 8)
(02) F(8) (R+1)(6* 9)
(61)(8 js a Znds) or Ynz8) function.
On theotheerhand, the function Fs)=(s+2)(8 +6)

Note: be realized as an R-L

admittance, YRzlo). AIlth
An RCimpedance, ZR.cde), also
the
can

properties of R-C impedances, It is therefox propertien

-Ladmittances are the same R-L admittance.
as
as an R-C
impedance or an
whether a function is to be realized
in figure 7.5 (a).
series as shown
Case I: when R and C are in
8t
sRC+1 RC
Zls)R R sC
R ww
Fig. 7.5 (a).
Yls) =
and
RC
shown in figure 7.5 (6).
Case IL: When R and Care in parallel as

RC R

and ZAs)= Fig. 7.5 (6).

sRC
EXAMPLE 7.12 An impedance function is given by
(s+1)(s +4)
Zs)s(s +2) (8 +5)
Find the R-C representation of (a) Foster - I and II forms, (6) Cauer - I and II forms,

Solution: (a) Foster - I form:

Using partial fraction expansion,

*)6+4) _A, B, C
Z6) =
1e5
s(8+2) (8 +5) 8 +25+5
8+2 8+5

A =
8:2(6).= ;(1):(4)2
(2).(5)

B (s+2). Z(s),.- -1):(2)

2-(3) 3
C= (s+5).Z6)|,-s 4)-1)
(-5) (-3) 15
-4
2 4

Therefore, Z8) s
38+2 15
8+5
 DyniNe8is
isshown in
i z e dn e t w o r k
figure 7.6(a). 249
ww
1/6Q
4/75 Q
6/2 F

Z(s) 3F
16/4 F

Fig. 7.6 (a).

Pister-11
r
II form:
-

s(8+2)(8+5)
Ys)
Y8) (6+1) (6+4) +1+108
2+58+4
Y6) s+7s+10
S
+58+4
s+58+418+78+ 101
s+58+4
2s+6
1+28+6

(6+1)(8+4)
1laine partial fraction expansion,

28 +6
(6+1) (8+4)
A.B
8+1 8+4
28+6
A +4.. -1+43

B 28+6 -8+6
8+1 ls-4
4 2

Then, YO- 1+3

8+1 8+4

Y(8) = 8+
8+1 8+4
And, synthesized network is shown in figure 7.6 (6).

3/405 32.n
4/3 F1/6 F

Fig. 7.6 (6).

(6) Cauer -I form:

(8+1) (8+ 4) s2+68+4
Z8)s(8+2) (8+5) +72+108

7s+108
Y) +58+4
250 Fundamentals ofNetwork Analysis and Synthesis
18
The continued fraction expansion
+7a2+10s |8 Y
+58+4)a+ 5+48
2s2+68s2+5s+415Z2
s+38
2s+ 41 2+6818 > Y
2s4
2)a+41Z
2s

7.6 (c).
Therefore, the final synthesized network is shown figure
in
10

Yo) 1F 1F F
Fig. 7.6 (c).

Cauer II form:
8+58+4 4+58+2
Z8)3+182 10s
The continued fraction expansion i
10s+78+ 3

2
10s+ 7s +sj4+5s +s2 Z

0
10s+2
11

121ls3
235s
1
121 2
235

20 20
2353547
20
235
X
 Network Synthesis
esized network is shown in figure 7.6 (d). 251
nthes
N thesvn

5/2 F 135/121 F 135/14 F

Zls)
3645

Fig. 7.6 ().

MPEDANCE
OR R-CADMITTANCE FUNCTION
L dance or R-C admittance function has following properties
RLimpe
Ilie on the negative real axis (included origin) of the
Thep poles
and zeros
complex &-plane.
Thepoles and zeros interlace along the negative real axis.
residuês of the poles of ZRt (6) or YRc (6) are real and negative. However. the
residuès of
(a)
The
residues of the poles of R-Ll6) OrYR-cls) must be real and positive.
S

AThe residues YR.L8) or Zg.cs) must be real and positive.

of the poles of
function ZR() or Ypcs)>
The singularity nearest to (or at) the origin must be a zero, i.e.,
0.
0 with 8 nearest to (or at) the minus infinity (-oo) must be a pole i.e., the function ZR
The singularity
s -^ o.
(s) or Yp.c8)owith the listed at the right.
Zg L8) or Yz.cls) functions for
reasons
functions are not
The following
(s+4) (s+8) (1)
Fs)s+2)(s-5)
s(s+1) (2)
Fs)(s+2) (s+5) (4,5)
Fs) = 9(8+8)(6+12)

s(8+2) (s +10)
function.
On the other hand, the function F(s)
sts+2)(8+6)
(s+1) (s+4)
is a Z, (6) or Yg.c)

properties of
Note: an R-C admittance, Yg.cls). All the to specify
also can be realized as It is therefore important
An R-L impedance, ZR18), properties of R-L impedances. admittance.
the s a m e as the a n R-C
R-C admittances are as an
R-L impedance or
be realized
whether a function is
to in figure 7.7(a).
a r e in
series as shown
andL
Case I: When R
L
= R+ sL =

ZAs) Fig. 7.7 (a).

and Y + shown in figure 7.7(6).

as
in parallel
R and L
are

Case I1: When

Yls)
L Fig. 7.7 (6).
Rs
and zi
252 Fundamentals of Network Analysis and Synthesis
EXAMPLE 7.13 An impedance function is given by
sts+2)(s+5)
Zs)=
(s+1)(s+4)
Find the R-L representation
of (a) Foster I and II forms (6) Cauer-I and
-

u
Solution: (a) Foster I form: Since we know that the residues of
poles of 2 .lal
-

negative. So we determine the residues of

Z(s) as:
S

Z8)(s+2)(s+5)
(s+1) (s+4)
s+5s + 41s2+ 7s+ 10|1
s2+58+4
2s +6
= 1+ 2s+6
(s+1) (8+4)
Using partial fraction expansion,

= 1+3
S+1 s+4

s
or, Zs) =s+3, 3
S+1 s+4
Therefore, synthesized network is shown in figure 7.8(a).
4/3 Q 2/3

o H 4/3 H 1/6 H
Z(s) >

Fig. 7.8 (a).

Foster - II form: Y6) = *)6+4)
s(8+2) (8+5)
Using partial fraction expansion, we have
2 1 4
Y8) 5 3 +15
8 8+2 8+5
Therefore, synthesized network is shown in figure 7.8(6).
(6) Cauer-I form:
Z1e) = +7+10s
s+58+4 23H 4/15 H
As found in previous example, Ys) 5/2 H

Z, ,Y= 62 4/3

Z6, Y=1,Z,- Fig. 7.8 (6).

 Network Synthesis
253
synthesized network is shown in figure 7.8 (c).
Theretore
TNereore,
1H 1H %H

Zls) 20

Fig. 7.8 (c).

uer-1 form:

Zs) = s+7s+10s 108+78 +83

s+58+4 4+58 +8

4+58+ s
Y(8) =

10s+782+g3
in previous example,
As found
2209
Y Z Y285 244Y, 478
Therefore, the synthes1zed network 1s shown in figure 7.8 (d).
50/11 2 3645/154 Q

Ys)5/2 H 135/21 H 135/14 H

Fig. 7.8 (d.