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Module-4-Methods-of-Waste-Disposal 2

The document discusses different methods of waste disposal including landfills and incineration. It also covers recycling methods like physical reprocessing and composting. The document emphasizes proper waste management through reducing, reusing, recycling, and following appropriate disposal procedures to minimize pollution.

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50 views

Module-4-Methods-of-Waste-Disposal 2

The document discusses different methods of waste disposal including landfills and incineration. It also covers recycling methods like physical reprocessing and composting. The document emphasizes proper waste management through reducing, reusing, recycling, and following appropriate disposal procedures to minimize pollution.

Uploaded by

beingfunnyinaforeignlanguage14
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 4 - Building Utilities 2

Method Of Waste Disposal

Introduction

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling and / or disposal of


waste materials produced by human body.

Waste management reduces the effect of waste on the environment, health, and so on. It
can also help reuse or recycle resources, such as paper, cans, glass, and so on.

There are various type of waste


management that include
the disposal of solid, liquid, gaseous
or hazardous substances. All of these
different types of waste
management require different methods
of disposal and are usually handled by
someone with the expertise in that
field.

What is waste disposal?


Waste disposal means removing, discarding, recycling or destroying unwanted materials
called waste that is produced from agriculture, domestic usage or industrial products.
Following the correct methods for waste disposal will ensure lesser pollution and hazards for
the environment. Proper waste management is necessary with steps involving proper
collection of waste and scientific treatments that may contribute less to water pollution, soil
pollution and air pollution.

Wastes can be of numerous types and much of the waste generated today is non-
biodegradable waste. Globalization and industrialization have contributed to this hugely. The
dumps with harmful substances in the waste can release toxic fumes and smoke. Therefore,
the correct disposal for the particular kind of wastes is necessary.

Waste management is an important term associated with waste disposal and both go hand in
hand for maintaining a clean environment. Thus, waste disposal definition should also include
a waste management system. The 7 R’s associated with waste management are Refuse,
Repurpose, Reduce, Reuse, Rot , Recycle and Rethink. Following each of these steps in the
process of waste disposal will help enormously to live hygienically and healthily. There are
many things that need to be taken into consideration when discussing waste management,
such as disposal methods, recycling methods, avoidance and reduction methods,
and transportation of waste.

1. Disposal Methods

There are a few ways to dispose of waste materials. The two main methods of
disposing of waste materials are landfill and incineration. Each method has
advantages and disadvantages.

Landfill - involves burying the waste to get rid of it. This method if done properly
can be inexpensive and hygienic.
However, there are some countries that do not do this method properly and this can
cause such issues as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation of liquid
leachate (the liquid that drains from a landfill). Another issue that might arise
from landfills is gas (usually methane and carbon dioxide) when the waste breaks
down over time. Usually landfills are established in disused quarries (type of open-
pit mine), mining voids or borrow pits (an area where soil, gravel or sand has been dug
for use in another location). Although there are a lot of negative effects of landfills if
poorly designed most new ones are designed in a way to prevent negative effects.

Incineration - involves the combustion of waste materials. With this method


the waste material is heated to very high temperatures and is converted
into materials such as: heat, gas, steam and ash.

Incineration can be done on a small scale by individual people, such as in a fire, and
also done on a much larger scale by an industry. This method of waste management is
considered beneficial for such materials as medical waste, and it can be used to
generate energy. However, it can be a controversial method of waste disposal because
of the potential emission of gaseous pollutants.

2. Recycling Method

Recycling refers to the reuse or recovery of materials that would normally be


considered waste. There are a few different methods of recycling such as: physical
reprocessing, biological reprocessing, and energy recovery.
One of the most common methods of recycling is physical reprocessing. This is the
method of taking waste materials such as empty beverage containers and using
the material to create new materials. Normally, waste materials that can be physically
reprocessed are collected by the local government and are then reprocessed into
new products.

Some common materials that are


physically reprocessed
include: aluminum beverage
cans, steel food cans, glass bottles,
newspapers, magazines, and cardboard.

Materials such as plants, food scraps, and paper products can also be decomposed into
organic matter. The organic matter that is produced from this type of recycling can
then be used for things such as landscaping or for agricultural uses. Usually this
method of recycling is done by putting the materials in a dedicated container until they
decompose.

The final method of of recycling is energy recovery. This method harnesses directly
and indirectly the combustion fuel and other types of fuel produced from waste.
These types of fuel can be produced by thermal treatment of the waste and used for
such as cooking, heating or energy generation.

3. Avoidance and Reduction Method -


The avoidance and reduction of waste is a very important part of waste management.
Some methods of avoidance include; the reuse of second-hand products, repairing
broken items and using them again, and designing products that are reusable.

4. Transportation of Waste

The transportation of waste is the


movement of waste over a specific
area by trains, tankers, trucks,
barges, or other vehicles. The types
of wastes that maybe transported
range from municipal garbage to
radioactive or hazardous wastes.
Hazardous wastes may be transported to be treated, stored, or disposed of. Facilities
that generate hazardous waste are required to prepare a shipping document, or
"manifest," to accompany the waste as it is transported from the site of generation.
This manifest must accompany the waste until its final destination and is used to track
the wastes from cradle-to-grave.
The potential for pollution releases during the transportation of waste varies; the more
hazardous the waste and the larger the volume that is transported, the more devastating
the environmental/human health impact if an accident occurs. Traffic accidents or train
wrecks can result in waste spills and releases of pollutants that may contaminate the
air, water, and soil. Wastes may also be released while being loaded or unloaded during
transportation.

“Refuse what you do not need; reduce what you do need; reuse what you consume; recycle
what you cannot refuse, reduce, or reuse; and rot (compost) the rest…”

- Bea Johnson

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End of Module….
Thank you and stay safe.

Engr. GEORGE P. ALONZO, PEE

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