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L1 PRELIM Introduction To Earth Science

The document discusses the key topics in Earth science including geology, meteorology, hydrology, astronomy and the structure of the Earth. It describes the four spheres that make up the Earth and provides details on the crust, mantle and core. Key terms like lithosphere, continental crust and oceanic crust are explained.

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alvinroa01
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11 views

L1 PRELIM Introduction To Earth Science

The document discusses the key topics in Earth science including geology, meteorology, hydrology, astronomy and the structure of the Earth. It describes the four spheres that make up the Earth and provides details on the crust, mantle and core. Key terms like lithosphere, continental crust and oceanic crust are explained.

Uploaded by

alvinroa01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NS 002:

EARTH SCIENCE

Prepared by: Ms. Coleen Angela Pagkaliwangan, LPT


Let Us Start!!!!
EARTH SCIENCE
EARTH SCIENCE
- is a branch of physical science that deals with the
study of the entire earth, its solid, liquid and
gaseous part.
BRANCHES OF EARTH
SCIENCE
GEOLOGY – branch of earth science that deals
with the solid matter that makes up Earth.

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY – concerned with


understanding the composition of the Earth and
the physical changes occurring in it
• Mineralogy – properties of minerals
• Volcanology - study of volcanoes

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
– deals with the history of the geological Earth
and its life form through fossils.
METEOROLOGY
– is the study of the atmosphere. It deals
with the structure, composition, and the
changes happening in the atmosphere.

- The atmosphere is a thin layer of gas


that surrounds Earth. The word “meteor”
refers to things in the air. Meteorology
includes the study of weather patterns,
clouds, hurricanes, and tornadoes.
- It also has a branch called climatology
that study the past and present climate.
HYDROLOGY
– deals with the circulation and distribution
of water in the different spheres of the
Earth.
Oceanography - branch of Earth Science
that studies all the aspect of ocean.

ASTRONOMY
– branch of Earth Science that deals with
the study of heavenly bodies. It deals with
star and planets – their size, composition,
structure and movements.
The Earth is made up of four spheres.
1. Geosphere – land forms
2. Hydrosphere – water forms
3. Atmosphere – air
4. Biosphere – life
EARTH
o “Blue planet”
o Latin name : Terra
o Greek name : Gaia/Gaea
- Earth is estimated to have formed around 4.5
billion years ago
- Third planet from the Sun and the only planet
that can sustain life.
- Home to millions of species including
humans.
- The percentage of land is only about 29 %
while that of water is 71%, with which 97% is
salt water and only 3% is freshwater.
• Earth’s shape is an oblate
spheroid.
• Axis is an imaginary line
running through the center of
the earth from the North Pole to
the South Pole. Earth’s axis tilts
at 23.5º.
• It has a total surface area of
about 510.1 million km². About
149 million km² stand above sea
level as continents and islands.
EARTH’S HEMISPHERE
 Half of the earth is called
hemisphere. Earth has four
hemispheres: northern, southern,
western and eastern.
 Equator is the imaginary line
around the middle of the Earth’s
surface that separates northern
and southern hemispheres.
ROTATION - is the movement of the REVOLUTION - is the movement
earth with its axis. The axis is an of the earth around the sun. The
imaginary line from the top to the bottom orbit of the earth around the sun is
holes of the earth. The earth rotates from an ellipse, thus it varies. The earth
west to east on its axis and makes one
revolves around the sun for 365 1/4
complete rotation in 24 hours, causing the
days.
day and night.
GEOLOGY
GEOLOGY
- Came from the greek word “Geo” meaning
Earth and “logy” meaning study
- The science that deals with the study of solid
Earth, the rocks of which it is composed and the
processes on it.
STRUCTURE AND
COMPOSITION OF THE
EARTH
The earth has three distinct
layers: the crust, the mantle,
and the core.
Lithosphere – refers to the
strong rigid layer composed of
the uppermost mantle and the
overlying crust.
CRUST - the light, thinnest and outermost
rocky layer of the earth.
It is divided into two:
 Oceanic crust lies beneath the ocean floor
and the thinnest part. It is mostly composed
of different types of basalts. Geologists often
refer to the rocks of the oceanic crust as
“sima”, the most abundant minerals in
oceanic crust.
 Continental crust is the crust that underlies
the continent. It is made up of mostly
granite. Geologists often refer to the rocks of
the continental crust as “sial”, the most
abundant materials in continental crust
MANTLE
-second layer of the earth that
lies below the crust.
- thickest layer and much
denser than the crust.
- the mantle makes up about
84% of Eath’s volume,
made up of mostly solid
material.
- made up of iron and
magnesium silicate
CORE
-the inner, middle layer that is made up of iron-nickel alloy and is divided into inner and
outer core.
- The outer core is located right below the mantle which is liquid in form while the inner
core is in the very center which is made up of solid because of the high pressure in it.
Thank you for
participating!

If you have any questions /clarification

feel free to contact your teacher on her

designated consultation time..

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