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Math 3

The document provides definitions and examples of algebraic terms including variables, polynomials, and equations. It then gives examples of simplifying algebraic expressions through operations like combining like terms, factoring polynomials, using the difference of squares formula, and solving various types of equations and inequalities.

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Rogelio Escobar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views

Math 3

The document provides definitions and examples of algebraic terms including variables, polynomials, and equations. It then gives examples of simplifying algebraic expressions through operations like combining like terms, factoring polynomials, using the difference of squares formula, and solving various types of equations and inequalities.

Uploaded by

Rogelio Escobar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10. Trinomial - a polynomial with three terms. Ex: 2x2y - 5y3 + 7 11.

Degree of a term - the sum of the exponents of the variable in a given


A SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENTRANCE EXAM REVIEW
Algebraic Expressions, Equations and Inequalities term. Ex: In 2x2yz3, the degree of the term is 2 + 1 + 3 = 6

DEFINITION 12. Degree of a polynomial - the highest degree/power in the polynomial


Ex. In 3x5 - 2x2 + 5x, the degree of the polynomial is 5.
Algebra deals with number and the operation of it by the use of
letters or symbols to represent the numbers. 1. Constant - any real
number. Ex: 4, 12, -3, 1/2
SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS, POLYNOMIALS AND
2. Variable - a letter or symbol that represents a number. Ex: a, n, x 3. FACTORING

Numerical Coefficient - a constant number preceding and multiplied to


● Algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and
a variable. Ex: Given the product 3xyz, the numerical coefficient is 3 4.
division) follow the rules when performing operations on integers ●
Literal Coefficient - Ex: Given 3xyz, the literal coefficient is xyz
Only similar or like terms can be added or subtracted from one
5. Algebraic Expression - a constant, variable or combination of variables another
and constants involving a finite number of indicated operations. Ex:
5xy2 + 3yz - 8x + 5(3xz)
Perform the following operations:
6. Polynomial - an algebraic expression involving only non-negative
integer exponents of one or more variables and contains no variable in 1. (2x3 + 3x2 - 5x + 6) - (3x + 2x2 - 2x3 + 8)
the denominator: Ex: 2x2y - 5y3 + 7; 3x2 - 4y
2. (2x + 3)2
5
7. Term of a polynomial - a constant or a constant multiplied by a 3. (3x + 5)(3x - 5)

nonnegative integer exponents of variables. Ex: In 2x2y - 5y3 + 7, the 4. (x + 3)(x2 -3x + 9)

terms are 2x2y, 5y3, and 7. 5. (3x2 + 5x - 4)(2x - 7)

8. Monomial - a polynomial with one term. Ex: 2x2y 6. 18x3 + 24x2 - 6x


6x
9. Binomial - a polynomial with two terms. Ex: 5y3 + 7
7. (3x3 + 14x2 + 11x - 12) ÷ (x + 3)
Factoring Factor Theorem: If following the above procedure resulted to a
- process of expressing a quantity as product of two or more quantities remainder equal to zero, then the given binomial is a factor of the

1. By GCF: Ex. 26x3y2 + 65x2y3 + 91xy4 = 13xy2(2x2 + 5xy +7y2) 2. polynomial

By Grouping: Ex. 2x3 + 6x2 + 3x + 9 = (2x3 + 6x2) + (3x + 9)


Binomial Expansion
2
2x (x + 3) + 3(x + 3) 1 (a + b)0 = 1

(x + 3)(2x2 + 3) 1 1 (a + b)1 = a + b
3. Difference of Two Squares: x2 - y2 = (x + y)(x - y) 1 2 1 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
4. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes: x3 ± y3 = (x ± y)(x2 + xy + y2) 1 3 3 1 (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

5. Perfect Square Trinomial: x2 ± 2xy + y2 = (x ± y)2 1 4 6 4 1 (a + b)4 = a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4

6. Quadratic Trinomial of the form x2 + bx + c: x2 + 7x + 10 = (x + 5)(x + 2)

7. Quadratic Trinomial of the form ax2 + bx + c ac test: If ac has factors in EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
which the sum is b, then the given quadratic expression is factorable. Solve for the value(s) of the variables:

Ex: 6x2 + 19x + 10 = (3x + 2)(2x + 5) 1. 3(2x + 5) = 2(x - 10) – x 6. |x + 5| < 8

2. 2x + 3 = 3x – 6 7. 2x = 32
Polynomials 5 4

Remainder Theorem:
3. 2(x + 3) ≤ 3x + 17 8. √2x + 1 + 5 = 8
4 3 2
Find the remainder when (3x + 11x + 8x - 5x) ÷ (x + 2)
4. |2x + 5| = 15 9. 3x2 - 10x - 8 = 0
Step 1: Equate the divisor to zero and solve, x + 2 = 0, so x = -2
5. |x + 3| = -6 10. 3x + 2y = 8
Step 2: Substitute -2 to all x’s in the polynomial 3y = x + 1
3(-2)4 + 11(-2)3 + 8(-2)2 - 5(-2)
Rational Expressions and Equations
Step 3: Evaluate, 3(16) + 11(-8) + 8(4) + 10 = 2 Thus, remainder = 2
1. x – 6
2 2
x + 15x + 56 x + 13x + 42
1. 8x2 + 4x x x2 - 4

x2 - 3x + 2 16x2 + 8x

2. x2 - x - 2 ÷ x2 - 3x - 4

x2 - 7x + 10 40 - 3x - x2

4. 8
2–x+4
12
3–x+4

5 . x 2x = 3 2 -1 2x +
+ 31
2 -x-1 x

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