1.

familiarize yourself with the different

writing patterns in paragraph development;

2. identify the transitional words and

phrases used in the different writing
patterns;

3. write a short paragraph using certain writing

pattern; and

4. distinguish the uses and the differences of

each writing pattern.
 Today was crazy. First, his alarm clock was set for PM
instead of AM, so he woke up really late. He just threw on some
clothes and ran out the door. Then, he rode his bike as fast as he
could and thought that he was going to be late for sure. But
when he got there everyone was outside and there were
firetrucks all lined up in front of school. He guessed somebody
pulled the fire alarm before class started. It worked out
though, because nobody really noticed or minded that he was
tardy.
arranges events in the order in which they
occurred in time
What happened?
When did it happen?
Where did it happen?
tells a story
uses transitions of time and space
may feature descriptions of people, place or events
 Today was crazy. First, my alarm clock was set for PM
instead of AM, so I woke up really late. I just threw on some
clothes and ran out the door. Then, I rode my bike as fast as I
could and thought that I was going to be late for sure, but
when I got there everyone was outside and there were
firetrucks all lined up in front of school. I guess somebody
pulled the fire alarm before class started. It worked out
though, because nobody reallynoticed or minded that I was
tardy.
yesterday, tomorrow, today, next
week, first, next, afterwards,
eventually, meanwhile, lastly, etc.

Timeline
Plot Diagram
Sequence Chart
 I just threw on some clothes and everyone was outside and there were
ran out the door firetrucks all lined up in front of school.;
somebody pulled the fire alarm before
class started.
my alarm
clock was
nobody
set for PM
noticed
instead of
I was
AM, so I
tardy
woke up I rode my bike as fast as I could and
really late thought that I
was going to be late for sure.
 Being a transferee is never easy. At first, I was hesitant to come but
my mother told me that I would find new friends in Masayahin Senior High
School. I would never forget the day I first entered this school, I felt so shy
and nervous. I did not know anyone for I was a new Grade 11 student. When
I entered my first class looking for a chair to sit in, a boy sitting beside the
window sill asked me, “Are you new in this school?“ and I answered shyly,
“Yes.“ Then, he offered me the vacant seat beside him. He was Jasper, an old
student in that school. We got along with each other well in our class. We
worked on our assignments and school projects. , he slept in our house doing
our research work. After a year, we both realized that in many ways we
had a lot of similarities in terms of interests in life. In the end, we
became best of friends.
 During flooding, one thing that may probably save your
life is an improvised floatation device. You can make one using
your pants. First, knot off the leg holes of your pants. Then, hold
the open waist and swing the pants around to fill the legs
with air. Finally, knot off the waist to trap the air and hold the
pants underwater so that the air would not escape.
organizes details based on stages or steps

How did it happen?

What makes it work?
How is it made?
 During flooding, one thing that may probably save your
life is an improvised floatation device. You can make one using
your pants. First, knot off the leg holes of your pants. Then, hold
the open waist and swing the pants around to fill the legs
with air. Finally, knot off the waist to trap the air and hold the
pants underwater so that the air would not escape.
first, next, afterwards, eventually,
meanwhile, lastly, etc.

Cycle Chart
Sequence Chart
 knot off the waist to trap the air and
hold the pants underwater so that
the air would not escape

hold the open waist and

swing the pants around to fill
the legs with air

knot off the leg holes

of your pants
 Making a good cup of tea is exquisitely simple. First, the teapot is heated by
filling it with water that has just come to a boil. This water is then discarded, and one
teaspoon of loose tea per cup is placed in the teapot (the exact amount may vary
according to taste). Fresh water that has just come to a boil is poured into the pot. A
good calculation is six ounces of water for each cup of tea. The tea must now steep for
three to five minutes; then it is poured through a strainer into a cup or mug. A pound of
loose tea will yield about two hundred cups of brewed tea. Using a tea bag eliminates
the strainer, but it is still best to make the tea in a teapot so that the water stays
sufficiently hot. The typical restaurant service—a cup of hot water with the tea bag on
the side—will not produce the best cup of tea because the water is never hot enough
when it reaches the table and because the tea should not be dunked in the water; the
water should be poured over the tea. Although tea in a pot often becomes too strong,
that problem can be dealt with very easily by adding more boiling water.
 Features Graphic Organizer Signal Words
Pattern
+ - + - +

Timeline
focuses on
Narration and Plot
event
Diagram
yesterday, tomorrow,
both today, next week, first,
Sequence
shows next, afterwards,
Chart
sequence eventually,
/ order focuses on meanwhile, lastly, etc.
Cycle
Process/ steps and
Chart
Sequence stages
You may now raise your
questions and
clarifications.

Raise your hand for you to

be acknowledged.
 The viola refers to a stringed instrument in the violin
family. It is only slightly larger than the violin and is tuned at a
lower pitch. Like its smaller relative, the viola is held on the
shoulder under the chin and is played with a bow. Viola is
mainly used in orchestral and chamber music.
clarify and explain concepts and
unfamiliar terms
provide clear details to support the
term’s definition

What does it mean?

What is it?
DENOTATION is the dictionary meaning of the
word.

For example: Rose is a family of prickly shrub with

pinnate leaves and showy flowers.
connoted.
CONNOTATION is the secondary meaning of a word
and not necessarily included in the dictionary. Rather it
is how a writer understands a word based on their own
personal or consensual experiences.

In the example: A dozen of pink roses is usually given

to their beloved ones. Instead of literally referring to
flowers, love and romance are connoted.
Common Methods of Definition
- by characteristic features
- by function
- by its origin
- by example
 The viola refers to a stringed instrument in the violin
family. It is only slightly larger than the violin and is tuned at a
lower pitch. Like its smaller relative, the viola is held on the
shoulder under the chin and is played with a bow. Viola is
mainly used in orchestral and chamber music.
is defined as, refers to, means, to
illustrate, etc.

Concept Map
Spider Map
Semantic Map
 held on the shoulder
under the chin and is
played with a bow

stringed instrument in slightly larger than

the violin family the violin tuned at a
lower pitch

used in orchestral and

chamber music
 Lucena, officially the City of Lucena, is a 1st class highly
urbanized city in the Calabarzon region of the Philippines. It is the
capital city of the province of Quezon where it is geographically
situated but, in terms of government and administration, the city
is politically independent from the province.
 Volcanoes are a feared and destructive force for good reason. A
volcano is like a pressure valve for the inner earth, but they can also be
very beautiful. One part of the volcano that people rarely see is the
magma chamber. The magma chamber is way beneath the Earth’s bed
rock. It is tremendously hot. Running from the magma chamber to the
crater of the volcano is the conduit. The conduit connects the magma
chamber to the outer world. At the top of the volcano is the crater. This is
where the magma exits. Volcanoes are a beautiful yet dangerous natural
phenomenon.
provides details on the idea by using either:
- nature of people, places &things
- physical descriptions
- based on a detailed observation
- use of sensory language

What does it look like?

What are its characteristics?
OBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION

the writer presents impartial and actual

picture of the subject without biases and
excluding personal impression of the subject
just like when you give your description of
an experiment in class
SUBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION

the writer gives personal impression of

what is observed. For instance, when you are
asked to write about a place you visit during
summer vacation, you tend to give your personal
judgment of how you experience the place.
 Volcanoes are a feared and destructive force for good reason. A
volcano is like a pressure valve for the inner earth, but they can also be
very beautiful. One part of the volcano that people rarely see is the
magma chamber. The magma chamber is way beneath the Earth’s bed
rock. It is tremendously hot. Running from the magma chamber to the
crater of the volcano is the conduit. The conduit connects the magma
chamber to the outer world. At the top of the volcano is the crater. This is
where the magma exits. Volcanoes are a beautiful yet dangerous natural
phenomenon.
above, amidst, back of, beneath, down,
farther, inside, near, to the right, under,
etc.

Concept Map
Spider Map
Semantic Map
magma chamber is conduit connects
way beneath the the magma
Earth’s bed rock chamber to the
outer world

top of the volcano is beautiful yet bring

the crater where a dangerous
the magma exits natural
phenomenon
 Sampaloc Lake is an inactive volcanic maar on the
island of Luzon, the Philippines. It is the largest of the Seven
Lakes of San Pablo, Laguna. Nearly half of the lake's depth has a
shallow depression at the bottom, indicating its volcanic origin. It
is approximately 104 hectares and 3.5 kilometer boardwalk. The
lake is behind San Pablo City Capitol and at the foot of the Doña
Leonila Park.
 Dogs are domesticated animals that have been living with
humans for generations. Dogs can be classified in a number of different
ways. For example, they can be classified by breed. Examples of
different breeds include beagles, basset hounds, poodles and countless
others as defined by the American Kennel Club (AKC). They can also
be classified by their role in the lives of their masters and the work
they do. For example, a dog might be a family pet, a working dog, a
show dog, or a hunting dog. In many cases, dogs are defined both by
their breed and their role. For example, a dog could be a beagle
that is a family pet.
provides specific and concrete examples to
expound on the main idea

divides things into groups, classes, or

categories
 Dogs are domesticated animals that have been living with
humans for generations. Dogs can be classified in a number of different
ways. For example, they can be classified by breed. Examples of
different breeds include beagles, basset hounds, poodles and countless
others as defined by the American Kennel Club (AKC). They can also
be classified by their role in the lives of their masters and the work
they do. For example, a dog might be a family pet, a working dog, a
show dog, or a hunting dog. In many cases, dogs are defined both by
their breed and their role. For example, a dog could be a beagle
that is a family pet.

examples of for example

SIGNAL WORDS
for instance, namely, to be specify, to
clarify, to illustrate, for example, in short, as
an example, etc.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
Concept Map
Spider Map
Semantic Map
Network Tree
 DOGS

Breed Role

family show hunting

Beagle Hound Poodle dog dog dog
 A first date marks the first meeting or outing of two people who are hoping
to form a romantic relationship. First dates can be categorized as successful, clingy,
boastful, or awkward. Successful first dates include both parties expressing
information about what they like, who they are and what they are looking for.
Usually, these dates will end in tentative plans for a second one. Clingy dates end up
with one of the parties practically begging for information about the other or to
begin a relationship with them. In this case, the non-clinger is not interested. On
boastful dates, one member of the duo talks about all of his or her skills, talents and
abilities while the listening end of the pair is never asked about his or her life.
Awkward first dates generally involve lots of silence or one or both of the partners
not knowing how to act appropriately. First dates occur every day and generally fall
into one of these categories.
 Features Graphic Organizer Signal Words
Pattern
S D S D S D

is defined as,
focuses on what a
Definition refers to, means, to
concept means
illustrate, etc.

above, amidst,
focuses on what Concept back of, beneath,
provides
Description are its Map/ don, farther,
details to
characteristics Spider inside, near, to the
better
Map/ right, under, etc.
understand a
Semantic
concept/ idea for instance,
Map
focuses on namely, to be
providing specify, to clarify,
Exemplification/ Network
examples or on to illustrate, for
Classification Tree
what group it example, in short,
belongs as an example,
etc.
You may now raise your
questions and
clarifications.

Raise your hand for you

to be acknowledged.
 Automation is the use of machines to reduce the need for human
labor. In other words automation is when jobs done by people become
jobs done by robots. Automation can be a good thing. Because of
automation, clothing, cars, and other manufactured products are available
at good prices and in large supply. But automation can also be a bad
thing. Because of automation, there are over 700,000 robots in America
alone that do jobs once performed by humans. The way of automation
may not be best for humanity, but it is the course we are taking.
organizes details based on the cause, the reason,
and effect, the result or consequences of a certain
phenomenon.

Why did it happen?

What caused it?
What does it cause?
What are its effects?
 Automation is the use of machines to reduce the need for human labor.
In other words automation is when jobs done by people become jobs done by
robots. Automation can be a good thing. Because of automation, clothing, cars,
and other manufactured products are available at good prices and in large
supply. But automation can also be a bad thing. Because of automation, there
are over 700,000 robots in America alone that do jobs once performed by
humans. The way of automation may not be best for humanity, but it is the
course humanity is taking.
SIGNALWORDS
one reason, because of, due to, first,
second, etc.

GRAPHICORGANIZERS
Fishbone Map/Cause-Effect Chart
 Affordable products

Fewer job opportunities

 Discoveries and invention of devices are always welcome until
we, humans, find a way to abuse its benefits and be adversely affected
by it. This was the case when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-ray and
within five years, the British Army was using a mobile x-ray unit to
locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers in the Sudan. TV was
also invented with positive thoughts in mind – there would be no
national borders, education and communication would be worldwide,
etc. However, we are now trying to overcome its physiological and
psychological adverse effects on human beings.
 It seems like there has been a surge in teen
pregnancies these days. Due to teen pregnancies, it is very
difficult for young mothers to pursue their dreams and meet
the demands of an infant. Fortunately, most teen pregnancies
can be easily prevented by using birth control; however,
even birth control is not 1OO% effective. The most effective way
to prevent teen pregnancies is abstinence, which is 1OO%
effective.
organizes ideas into problems and
proposed solutions.

The problem section usually includes the what,

who, when, where, why and how of the problem;

The other part then presents the major effects of

the problem and the possible solutions to
address it, as well as the steps in implementing
the solution.
 It seems like there has been a surge in teen
pregnancies these days. Due to teen pregnancies, it is very
difficult for young mothers to pursue their dreams and meet
the demands of an infant. Fortunately, most teen pregnancies
can be easily prevented by using birth control; however,
even birth control is not 1OO% effective. The most effective way
to prevent teen pregnancies is abstinence, which is 1OO%
effective.
one reason, because of, due to, first,
second, etc. one solution is,
one ways is, etc.

Problem-Solution Map
 there has been a surge of the
problem

birth
Teenage control
Pregnancy and
abstinence

difficult for young mothers to pursue their

dreams and meet the demands of an infant
 Many students struggle with time management and find it difficult to
balance their academic work with extracurricular activities and personal
responsibilities. One way to address this problem is to use a time management
system that helps students prioritize their tasks and stay on track. For example,
students can use a planner or online calendar to schedule their study time, set
reminders for upcoming assignments, and block out time for extracurricular
activities and personal commitments. Another solution is to break down larger
projects into smaller, more manageable tasks and set realistic deadlines for each
one. This can help students avoid procrastination and feel a sense of
accomplishment as they complete each task. By using these time management
strategies, students can better balance their academic work with other
responsibilities and reduce stress and anxiety related to time management.
 Features Graphic Organizer Signal Words
Pattern
S D S D S D

the concept Fishbone

or idea Map/
Cause and
explained is Cause-
Effect
not always a Effect
both gives
problem Chart one reason,
the causes
because of,
and effects
due to, first,
of a certain
second, etc.
phenomenon provides/ Problem- one solution
Problem-
suggests a Solution is, one ways
Solution
solution Map is, etc.
 You may now raise your
questions and clarifications.

Raise your hand for you to

be acknowledged.
 Apples and oranges are both fruits, which means
that they have seeds inside of them. Each has a skin, but
orange skins are thick and easy to peel. Apple skins
are thinner and do not peel easily. Oranges also
contain more acid than apples, but both fruits are
delicious.
shows the similarities and differences of two or
more concept or ideas

There are two ways on how ideas can be

arranged:
(1) separately or (2) side-by-side
 Apples and oranges are both fruits, which means
that they have seeds inside of them. Each has a skin, but
orange skins are thick and easy to peel. Apple skins
are thinner and do not peel easily. Oranges also
contain more acid than apples, but both fruits are
delicious.
 Comparing: also, as, both, equally, in similar
fashion, in comparison, in the same way, likewise,
similarly, etc.

Contrasting: although, as opposed to, but, counte

to, despite, even so, in contrast, in spite of, instead,r
however, otherwise, unlike, yet, etc.
Venn Diagram
 skins are both skins are
thick and easy fruits, thinner and
have
to peel seeds,
do not peel
contain and easily
more delicious has less
acid acid
 My sisters are as different as yin and yang in terms of personality,
appearance and intelligence. Tina, the middle child in the family, prefers staying
at home than going out with her friends. She is slim, petite and has
dark skin. As she is not sociable, she finds friends with the characters from
the books she reads most of the time. In addition, she is very clever in subjects
like Math and Science which made her graduate with Highest Honors from
Senior High School. In contrast, my youngest sister, Joni, is the opposite. She has
an outgoing and friendly personality. There is never a dull moment as she is
always ready with stories to tell. She is tall with a round plump face and fair
skin. Being the youngest in the family, she is often asked to perform during
family gatherings since she sings and dances well. My sisters may be
different from each other but they adore one another.
NARRATION
CAUSE & EFFECT
PROCESS
PROBLEM-SOLUTION
DEFINITION
COMPARE & CONTRAST
DESCRIPTION

EXEMPLIFICATION/
CLASSIFICATION
 You may now raise your
questions and clarifications.

Raise your hand for you

to be acknowledged.
 We give You
thanks Lord, God
Almighty for all
the benefits
that You have given us;
To You who lives and reigns
Forever and
ever
Amen.
-MS. DJRF