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âu tường thuật hoặc câu gián tiếp là câu thuật lại câu nói nguyên văn

The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech, including changes to pronouns, time words, demonstratives, and verb tenses when converting from direct to indirect speech. It provides examples of these changes and exceptions where verb tenses do not change.

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22 views11 pages

âu tường thuật hoặc câu gián tiếp là câu thuật lại câu nói nguyên văn

The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech, including changes to pronouns, time words, demonstratives, and verb tenses when converting from direct to indirect speech. It provides examples of these changes and exceptions where verb tenses do not change.

Uploaded by

Hằng Phạm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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âu tường thuật hoặc câu gián tiếp là câu thuật lại câu nói nguyên văn (câu trực

tiếp) được đặt trong dấu


ngoặc kép.

Một số thay đổi cơ bản khi viết câu tường thuật

Khi chuyển một câu nói trực tiếp sang câu nói gián tiếp có những thay đổi như sau:

1. Các đại từ:

Về cơ bản, khi tường thuật, các đại từ được thay đổi như sau:

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

she/ he

we

they

me
her/ him

us

them

my

her/ his

our

their

mine

hers/ his

ours

theirs

myself

herself/ himself

ourselves

themselves
2. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian:

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

today

that day

tonight

that night

now

then, at that time, at once, immediately

yesterday

the day before/ the previous day

yesterday morning

the previous morning

the day before yesterday


two days before

last (week)

the (week) before, the previous (week)

ago

before/ earlier

tomorrow

the next day/ the following day

tomorrow morning

the next morning

the day after tomorrow

in two days time

next (week)

the next (week)/ the following (week)

3. Đại từ chỉ định:

Trực tiếp
Gián tiếp

this

these

that

those

4. Thì của động từ:

Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask,...) ở thì quá khứ, động từ trong câu gián tiếp phải lùi một thì so
với câu trực tiếp.

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

Hiện tại đơn

He said, “I work in a bank.”

Quá khứ đơn

He said (that) he worked in a bank.

Hiện tại tiếp diễn


She said, “I am cleaning the kitchen.”

Quá khứ tiếp diễn

She said (that) she was cleaning the kitchen.

Hiện tại hoàn thành

“I have done the exercises.” he said.

Quá khứ hoàn thành

He said (that) he had done the exercises.

Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

He said, “I have been studying for 3 hours.”

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

He said (that) he had been studying for 3 hours.

Quá khứ đơn

“I made the birthday cake for him,” she said.

Quá khứ hoàn thành


She said (that) she had made the birthday cake for him.

Quá khứ tiếp diễn

He said, “I was sleeping in my room then.”

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

He said (that) he had been sleeping in his room then.

will/shall

She said, “I will send you a postcard.”

would

She said (that) she would send me a postcard.

can

He said, “I can play the guitar very well.”

could

He said (that) he could play the guitar very well.

may

They said, “We may go past your house.”


might

They said (that) they might go past my house.

must/have to (sự bắt buộc)

He said, “I must do the duty with care.”

had to

He said (that) he had to do the duty with care.

must (sự suy diễn)

She said, “You must be very satisfied.”

must

She said (that) I must be very satisfied.

must (đưa ra lời khuyên)

“The book is useful. You must read it.”, Tom said to me.

must

Tom said to me (that) the book was useful and I must read it.

must not (sự cấm đoán)

She said, “You mustn’t drive fast.”

must not

She said (that) I/we mustn’t drive fast.


need

He said, “I need to buy a new toothbrush.”

needed/had to

He said (that) he needed/had to buy a new toothbrush.

needn’t (dùng ở hiện tại)

He said, “I needn’t hurry.”

needn’t/didn’t have to

He said (that) he needn’t/ didn’t have to.

needn’t (dùng ở tương lai)

She said, “You needn’t send the report tomorrow.”

wouldn’t have to

She said (that) I wouldn’t have to send the report the following day.

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ

1. Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask,...) ở thì hiện tại đơn, tương lai đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành:
VD: He says, “I don’t know the answer to your question.”

→ He says that he doesn’t know the answer to my question.

2. Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask,...) ở các thì quá khứ, động từ trong câu gián tiếp không đổi thì
trong các trường hợp sau:

Tường thuật một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý, một định luật khoa học

VD: My teacher said, “Russia is the biggest country in the world.”

→ My teacher said that Russia is the biggest country in the world.

Được tường thuật ngay sau khi nói hay khi thuật lại sự kiện vẫn không đổi

VD: (In class) A: What did the teacher say?

B: He said (that) he wants us to do our homework.

Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp ở các thì: Quá khứ tiếp diễn kết hợp với quá khứ đơn, Quá khứ hoàn
thành, Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn, Quá khứ đơn (Đi kèm thời gian cụ thể có thể không đổi thì).

VD: He said, “I was eating when she called me.”

→ He told me he was eating when she called him.

Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp có: used to, could, would, should, might, ought to, had to, had better,
would rather

VD: He said, “They might win the game.”

→ He said that they might win the game.

Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn với “wish, if only”


VD: He said, “I wish I were richer.”

→ He told me he wished he were richer.

Các câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3:

VD: He said, “If I had time, I would help you.”

→ He said if he had time, he would help me.

Cấu trúc “It’s (high/about) time…”

VD: He said, “It’s time we went.”

→ He said it was time they went.

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