4CL ARON, RODOLFO III A.

SECTION: HEIHACHIRO
WORK BOOK FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT (D 303 - MAR ENV)
Chapter 1 – Marine Environment
Topic 1.1 Introduction
Course CO 1: evaluate impact of the shipping operations to the
Outcome environment.
LO 1.1: describe the important aspects of modern shipping, care for
Learning
the marine environment and the role of the human element in
Outcome
pollution prevention.
Activity

1. Explain why the Shipping industry is considered as the “back bone” of Global
Maritime Trade

Everybody in the world benefits from shipping, yet few people realize it. We
ship food, technology, medicines, and memories. As the world’s population
continues to grow, particularly in developing countries, low-cost and efficient
maritime transport has an essential role to play in growth and sustainable
development.

Shipping helps ensure that the benefits of trade and commerce are more evenly
spread. No country is entirely self-sufficient, and every country relies on
maritime trade to sell what it has and buy what it needs. Much of what we use
and consume in our everyday lives either has been or will be transported by
sea, in the form of raw materials, components or finished articles.

2. What are the 3 (Three) Pillars of Shipping sustainability?

Sustainability's three main pillars represent the environment, social

responsibility, and the economic. (These three pillars are also informally
referred to as people, planet, purpose, and profits.)
3. Explain how the shipping industry affects the environment

Nevertheless, marine transportation still generates negative impacts on the

marine environment, including air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, releases
of ballast water containing aquatic invasive species, historical use of
antifoulants, oil and chemical spills, dry bulk cargo releases, garbage,
underwater noise pollution; ship-strikes on marine megafauna, risk of ship
grounding or sinkings, and widespread sediment contamination of ports during
transshipment or ship breaking activities.

4. What particular environmental impact of shipping as far as IMO is

concerned?

While MARPOL specifically targets accidental and operational discharges from

ship operations, IMO also actively addresses marine pollution from land-based
sources, albeit indirectly, through the London Dumping Convention and
Protocol on the dumping of wastes and other matter at sea.

5. Explain how the following items is affected by Shipping industry

a. Fishing- shipping industry makes fishing easy for the fishermen, but
because of its way of catching marine animals like using fishing nets with
small holes, they also catch small marine species, and it may cause
imbalance or extinction of said species.

b. Agricultural- it helps the agricultural sector to transport their products to

another country or place much faster without losing a profit because of
rotting.

c. Food chain- New shipping pollution regulations introduced earlier this

year could harm humans by contaminating fish and crustaceans with
toxins, according to an internal report compiled by the International
Maritime Organization and obtained by the Guardian. It also helps us to
transport the supply to the consumers section.

d. Animal welfare- It helps us to easily transport foreign animals to another

 country without getting harmed. It also have a disadvantage if the said
animals to be transported become a predator of the local animals and
these loca animals may become endangered species.

WORK BOOK FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT (D 303 - MAR ENV)

Chapter 1 – Marine Environment
Topic 1.2 Personal Opinions
Course CO 1: evaluate impact of the shipping operations to the
Outcome environment.
LO 1.1: describe the important aspects of modern shipping, care for
Learning
the marine environment and the role of the human element in
Outcome
pollution prevention.
Activity

1. Express your personal opinion about current environmental challenges or

problems for the shipping industry

Because of our growing globalization, the shipping industry has a significant

impact. Commodities and products that have been shipped globally are more
dependable and useful as a result of the swift process of the international
shipping sector, but their activity may be harmful to the environment. Over
time, the quantity of noise pollution caused by shipping has increased. The
sound pollution from ships may harm marine creatures that depend on sound
for communication, locating food, and orientation since it may travel enormous
distances. Vessel discharges have affected marine life in transferrable goods
and sea animal habitats despite the fact that they reduce the number of oil
spills. Think about the more than 10-15% of accidents each year that are caused
by oil spills.
2. Describe your propose action in minimizing the effects of pollution brought
by Shipping industry.

As a future maritime officer, I will strictly comply with the regulations which will
help us to lessen the marine pollution and be a model to other aspiring
seafarers .Such as proper waste disposal and giving advice to young seafarers to
save our oceans because it is our second home as a seafarer.

WORK BOOK FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT (D 303 - MAR ENV)

Chapter 1 – Marine Environment
 Topic 1.3 Marine Environment and Regional Marine Area
Course CO 1: evaluate impact of the shipping operations to the
Outcome environment.
LO 1.1: describe the important aspects of modern shipping, care for
Learning
the marine environment and the role of the human element in
Outcome
pollution prevention.
Activity

1. Explain the importance of preserving oceans from the impact of shipping

industry

It provides climate regulation, food, jobs, livelihoods, and economic progress.

Thus, we must work together to protect and save the ocean for the sake of our
future survival on this planet.

2. State some Abiotic elements that is essential to the marine ecology and
where can they be found

Biotic factors include plants, animals, and microbes; important abiotic factors
include the amount of sunlight in the ecosystem, the amount of oxygen and
nutrients dissolved in the water, proximity to land, depth, and temperature.
Sunlight is one of the most important abiotic factors for marine ecosystems.

3. Explain the difference between:

a. Coastal seas - Coastal oceans are commonly defined as the areas from the
shoreline to the outer edge of the continental margin. They connect the
continents to the open ocean and serve as a link for transporting organic
and inorganic, natural and anthropogenic material from land to sea.
b. Open seas- the part of the sea not enclosed between headlands or
included in narrow straits : the main sea.

4. What is PSSA or Particularly sensitive sea areas?

 ● The Great Barrier Reef, Australia (designated a PSSA in 1990)
● The Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago in Cuba (1997)
● Malpelo Island, Colombia (2002)
● The sea around the Florida Keys, United States (2002)
● The Wadden Sea, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands (2002)
● Paracas National Reserve, Peru (2003)
● Western European Waters (2004)
● Extension of the existing Great Barrier Reef PSSA to include the Torres
Strait (proposed by Australia and Papua New Guinea) (2005)
● Canary Islands, Spain (2005)
● The Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador (2005)
● The Baltic Sea area, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia,
Lithuania, Poland and Sweden (2005)
● The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, United States
(2007)
● The Strait of Bonifacio, France and Italy (2011)
● The Saba Bank, in the North-eastern Caribbean area of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands (2012)
● Extension of Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait to encompass the south-
west part of the Coral Sea (2015)
● The Jomard Entrance, Papua New Guinea (2016)
● Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, the Sulu Sea, Philippines (2017)

5. Describe the important aspects of the following items:

 a. modern shipping - Allows countries to access the raw materials needed to
develop their economies.Enables the manufacture and export of
affordable goods and products.Has the lowest environmental footprint in
the transport segment on a per-ton basis.Shipping transports the
equivalent of 1.5 tons per person per year.The industry has developed
highly sophisticated logistics chains.The shipping cost of a £5 bottle of
wine is just 20p.
b. care for the marine environment -Our oceans contain 97 percent of the
world's water resources. They are rich in biodiversity and supply natural
resources, food as well as active substances for medicines. Furthermore,
they store energy supplies, serve as routes of transport and offer high
recreational value.
c. role of the human element in pollution prevention- humans are the ones
who are responsible in marine pollution so it’s just fair for them to
contribute in prevention and helping to lessen the marine pollution

WORK BOOK FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT (D 303 - MAR ENV)

Chapter 2 – Discharges to The Sea
Topic 2.1 Discharges to The Sea and Reputation of Shipping
Course CO 1: evaluate impact of the shipping operations to the
Outcome environment.
Learning LO 1.2: Describe the impact of different pollutants to the marine
Outcome environment and atmosphere
Activity

1. Explain the environmental impacts of the following items:

a. the impact of oil in the marine environment - When exposed to oil, adult
fish may experience reduced growth, enlarged livers, changes in heart
 and respiration rates, fin erosion, and reproduction impairment. Fish eggs
and larvae can be especially sensitive to lethal and sublethal impacts.
b. the impact of chemicals in the marine environment-It can change the
physical, chemical, and biological state of the ocean and coastal areas,
posing a threat to marine wildlife and ecosystems, and the industries and
livelihoods dependent on them, such as fisheries and tourism. Toxic
chemicals also become concentrated in the food chain and can impact
human health.
c. The impact of sewage in the marine environments-contamination of the
coastal marine environment by sewage leads to significant numbers of
infectious diseases linked to bathing and swimming in marine waters and
to the consumption of seafood. Human exposures to toxins associated
with algae blooms also impose significant risks.
d. The impact of solid waste in the marine environment-Entanglement and
ingestion of marine litter is directly damaging wildlife and the
environment in which they live. Marine litter can cause habitat
destruction including smothering of the seabed, entangled litter on coral
reefs and deposition on seagrass beds.

2. Explain the pollution prevention measures and innovations for the following:

● Oil spills-Tighten bolts on your engine to prevent oil leaks.Replace

cracked or worn hydraulic lines and fittings before they fail.Outfit your
engine with an oil tray or drip pan.Create your own bilge sock out of oil
absorbent pads to prevent oily water discharge.Don't overfill fuel tanks–
fill to only 90 percent capacity to reduce the chance of spills.Use oil
absorbent pads in the bilges of all boats with inboard engines.-Regularly
inspect through-hull fittings often to reduce the risk of sinkingRecycle
used oil and filters.Solid waste
● Sewage water- Reducing plastic use and waste is the most effective way
to clean up the oceans. Although raising awareness is important, enacting
regulations and standards is the best course of action since it encourages
individuals and organizations to accept responsibility for and reduce their
 use of plastic.
● Oily water- OWS (marine) is a piece of equipment specifically for the
shipping or marine business. Oily water can affect our marine habitat. It is
employed to separate combinations of oil and water into their individual
components.

3. Define what is “Shipping reputation”-Furthermore, reputation served as a

pure moderator for the effects of trust on commitment, relationship-specific
investments, and changes to business
processes. Furthermore, reputation altered the effects of experience (the
length of time a shipper has been conducting business with a certain port) on
trust.

WORK BOOK FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT (D 303 - MAR ENV)

Chapter 2 – Discharges to The Sea
Topic 2.2 Emission and Greenhouse Gases
Course CO 1: evaluate impact of the shipping operations to the
Outcome environment.
Learning LO 1.2: Describe the impact of different pollutants to the marine
Outcome environment and atmosphere
Activity

1. How does the greenhouse gasses emission impacts the environment?

They cause climate change by trapping heat, and they also contribute to
respiratory disease from smog and air pollution. Extreme weather, food supply
disruptions, and increased wildfires are other effects of climate change caused
by greenhouse gasses.

2. Explain the measures designed to minimize the effects of greenhouse gases

emissions.

We can reduce emissions by shifting to alternative technologies that either

don't need gasoline (like bicycles and electric cars) or don't need as much (like
hybrid cars). Using public transportation, carpooling, biking, and walking leads
to fewer vehicles on the road and less greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.

3. What is SOX3NOX3 PM ?

The two main pollutants from ship emissions are Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and
Sulfur oxides (SOx).

4. Describe how the following methods of minimizing emission impacts to the

environment

a. Selective Catalytic Reaction- Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) converts

NO and NO2 in the gas turbine exhaust stream to molecular nitrogen and
oxygen by reacting the NOx with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst.

b. Scrubber system - A scrubber or scrubber system is a system that is used

to remove harmful materials from industrial exhaust gasses before they
are released into the environment
 WORK BOOK FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT (D 303 - MAR ENV)
Chapter 2 – Discharges to The Sea
Topic 2.3 Invasive Species Including Ballast Water and Other Impacts
Course CO 1: evaluate impact of the shipping operations to the
Outcome environment.
Learning LO 1.2: Describe the impact of different pollutants to the marine
Outcome environment and atmosphere
Activity

1. Define “invasive species” in ballast water.-The dispersal of invasive species by

ballast water refers to the unintentional introduction of invasive species to new
habitats via the ballast water carried by commercial shipping vessels. Ballast
water spreads an estimated 7000 living species to new habitats across the
globe.

2. State at least 5 technologies for ballast water treatment.

The technology for treating ballast water can be either port-based or ship-
based, the latter being the more viable option.

● Filtration
● Cyclonic Separation
● Electro-Mechanical Separation
● Ultraviolet Light
● Heat Treatment

3. Explain the environmental impacts of the following items:

a. Underwater noise- Noise can travel long distances underwater,
blanketing large areas, and potentially preventing marine animals from
hearing their prey or predators, finding their way, or connecting with
mates, group members, or their young. Decreased species diversity in
whales and dolphins was related to an increase in seismic noise.

b. Biofouling or Anti fouling -Marine biofouling', the undesired growth of

marine organisms such as microorganisms, barnacles and seaweeds on
submerged surfaces, is a global problem for maritime industries, with
both economic and environmental penalties. Unfortunately, the use of
biocides in the aquatic environment has proved to be harmful as it has
toxic effects on the marine environment. The most commonly used
biocides in antifouling paints are Tributyltin (TBT), Chlorothalonil,
Dichlofluanid, Sea-Nine 211, Diuron, Irgarol 1051 and Zinc Pyrithione.

c. Ship recycling-Waste discharges to the sea and environment surrounding

the recycling facility are also potential risks. Dismantling can impact on
air, water, and soil quality, therein affecting biodiversity and local
ecosystems. And recycling can generate heavy metals and pollutants in
cutting areas.