WN ST anal A Ong tots OF Aa CeCe aa Tota Ce eo NCERT Filled with ‘hinglish' quotes & tricks for 2-way communication Y Approved by JCBSE TOPPERS CRC) actA set isa well define collection of objects. + The objects of the set are called element or member of the set. + Asset is usually denoted by capital letter while its element are denoted by small letters. Example: A set of natural numbers is A= {12.3450} A if Xis an element of a Set A then we write X & A which means 'x belongs to A’ and if X is not the element of set A then we say 'X does not belong to A’ and represent that X & A. Example: A=(1,2,5,7) then 2€Aand3 €A Representation of ets Roaster or Tabular form All the objects of asset are listed and they are separated by commas and enclose within bracket {}. Example: The set of letters of word MATHEMATICS is {M,A,T,H,E,1,C,S}.Set Builder form All the objects of a set posses a single common property which is not possessed by any element outside the set. Example: The set of vowels in the English alphabet is {x: x is a vowel in the English alphabet}. J P 9 P Diferent tyPes of Gets Empty se Equivalent sets Equal. sets - (eka) _. (#barabr element ho) (#same element ho) 1 tt does not have any ine oo nesta & («two setsare said > | «denoted by ® or f} 11 equivalent if they have! | tobe equal if they | \ + also called null or void set. / \ same number of element ,/ \ have same element a Se ee ee a eo Cee eee rer Finite set Infinite set Singleton set (#isko gin skte hai) (#itna ki gin hi na sake) (#sirf ikk) 17 it contain finite no. a i 1s tteontain only 5 Of element \ oneelement. Cubsets A Subset of a set A set Ais said to be a subset of a set B if every element of A is an element of Band this is written as A © Band Bis called a super set of Awriten as B> A. Example: If A= {1, 2, 3}. and B {1, 2, 3, 4,5}, then A C B but BZA. Power Set The collection of all subsets of a set Ais called power set of A. It is denoted by P(A). Example: if Az {1, 2, 3}, then P(A)=f {}, {1}, (2, £33, {1,2}, {1.3}, (2.33, (1, 2, 313 Universal Set A set which contains elements of all sets in a given context. It is usually denoted by U. Example: If A= {1, 2}, B= {1, 3} and C= {1, 3, 4}, then U= {1, 2, 3, 4).Equal sets Two sets A and B are said to be equal sets if A C Band BCA, Example: Let A= [1, 4, 3}. and B = {3, 1,4}, Now AC Band BCA. => ASB, *sare set apne aap ke subset hai *empty set sb ka subset hai * {} ka koi bhi proper subset nhi hota “MP ULELIEN * agar kisi finite set me 'n' element hai to uska subset a” * aur proper subset an 4 hoga Venn Diagram The diagram drawn to represent the relationship between the given sets are called the Venna diagram. Universal set (U) -> rectangle Sets -> circle OPerationg on sets Union of sets Let A and B be any two sets. The union of A and Bis the set of all those element which dre either in A or in B or in both A and B. U It is denoted by A U B. Example: Let A= {1,2, 3}and B= {3,4,5}, then A U B= f1, 2,3, 4, 5} aus Intersection of Sets Let A and B be any two sets. The intersection of A and Bis the set of all those elements which belong to both A and B. u It is denoted by ANB. Example: Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {2, 5, 7, 9}, then AM B = {2,5} aneDisjoint sets Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint sets if they have no co mmon element ie, ANB=OD Example: Let A = {2,4,6,8,10} and B = {1,3,5,7,9}, then AN B= - UI (a \{ 8} Difference of sets Let A and B any two sets. The difference A - B is the set t all those elements of A which do not belong to B. ; similary; B - A is the set of all those { \ elements of A which do not belong to B. Example: a BU ( ) B-A Let A = {1,2,3,4,5} and B = {3,5,7,9} then A - B = {1,2,4} and B - Symmetric difference of two sets A= {7,9} Lét A and B be any two sets. The symmetric difference of A and B is the set (A-B)U(B-A). Example: Let A = {1,2,3,4} and B= {3,4,5,6} Now A-B = {1,2} and B-A = {5,6} :. AAB = (A-B)U(B-A) = {1,2,5,6} *Commutative Property * Identity laws ()AUB=BUA ()AUO=A (IVAN B=BNA (NAN O@=@ *Associative Property * Idempotent laws AU(BUc)=(AUB)UC ()AUA=A AN (BACc)=(ANB)NC (AN A=A *Distvibutive Property (VAM (BUC)=(AMB)U (ANC) (I)AU (BA C)=(AUB)N (AUC)ComPlements of a set Let U be the universal set and A be any set. Then complement of a with respect to U is the set of all those element of U which are not in A. itis denoted by A’ ‘ 4 Let U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} and A = {2,4,6,8} then A’ = {1,3,5,7,9} *Involution law *Complement laws (Ay =A AUA=U *De Morgan's law ANA=O (AN By=a UB O'=u (AU By=a'n B u=® _#Some important rule i) n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A B) ii) If AM B= @, then n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) iii) n(A-B) + n(A MB) = n(A) iv) n(B-A) + n(A 1 B) = n(B) v) n(A U B) = n(A-B) + n(A M B) + n(B - A) vi) n(A U BU C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A MB) - n(B NC) - n(C 1 A) +n(AN BN C) SCAN THIS, FOR MAGIC re “NOTE: Worksheet (important questions of all typology with answers) is provided as a seperate PDF on website padhleakshay.comGet Handwritten notes of the complete JEE syllabus. IW (etera by fo sao) Pram omiTebive Re CST students. Under the vivid guidance of the best institute of KOTA,