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RWS-L3-Patterns of Development - Student's

The document discusses different patterns of development for organizing texts, including narration, description, definition, exemplification/classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, problem-solution, and persuasion. It provides details and examples for each pattern.

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Arnold Silverio
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29 views

RWS-L3-Patterns of Development - Student's

The document discusses different patterns of development for organizing texts, including narration, description, definition, exemplification/classification, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, problem-solution, and persuasion. It provides details and examples for each pattern.

Uploaded by

Arnold Silverio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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READING

AND THINKING
STRATEGIES ACROSS
TEXT TYPES
C. Patterns of
Development
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
- logical ways to organize an entire
text or individual paragraphs and
sections of a text
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
a. narration
b. description
c. definition
d. exemplification/classification
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
e. comparison and contrast
f. cause and effect
g. problem - solution
h. persuasion
A. Narration
- tells a story to develop the main
topic
A. Narration
- some examples are short story,
novel, biography, autobiography,
news stories, legends, epics, myths,
fables, and folktales
Six Elements of Narration
1. Characters 4. Theme
2. Setting 5. Conflict
3. Plot 6. Point of View
Six Elements of Narration
1. Characters are people or animals
involved in the story.
2. Setting refers to the time and
place the story happened.
Six Elements of Narration
3. Plot is the arrangement of the
events of the story.
4. Theme is the main idea or basic
lesson about life that is depicted in
the story.
Six Elements of Narration
5. Conflict refers to the problem
that arises in the story.
6. Point of view refers to the angle
or perspective from which the story
is told.
B. Description
- presents a vivid picture of
something using imagery that aims
to evoke a strong emotion from the
readers
B. Description
- it uses sensory images and/or
figurative language or figures of
speech
Sensory Imagery
- involves the use of descriptive
language to create mental images
Sensory Imagery
a. Visual imagery (sense of sight)
b. Gustatory imagery (sense of taste)
c. Tactile imagery (sense of touch)
d. Auditory imagery (sense of hearing)
e. Olfactory imagery (sense of smell)
Literal Language
- straightforward writing you’ll find
on road signs, in office memos,
and in research papers
Figurative Language
- language that uses figures of
speech
- you will find examples of this in
novels, poems, essays, and plays
Common Figures of Speech
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Personification
d. Hyperbole
e. Euphemism
C. Definition
- refers to the meaning of a word,
a term, or a concept
C. Definition
Types of Definition
1. Formal Definition
2. Informal Definition
C. Definition
1. Formal Definition – consists of
two parts: general class and
distinguishing characteristics
Example of Formal Definition:
“chair”
General class: furniture
Distinguishing characteristic:
made to sit on
C. Definition
2. Informal Definition – does not
follow any format
Example of Informal Definition:
“vacation”
If define informally, words like
relief, time, and opportunity all
refer to vacation.
Other ways of defining a
word, a term, or a concept:
a. Etymology – refers to the origin
of the word
b. Denotation – refers to the
dictionary meaning of a word
Other ways of defining a
word, a term, or a concept:
c. Connotation – refers to the
suggestive or emotive meaning of a
word
D. Exemplification/Classification
- Exemplification is simply
providing examples in support to
the main idea of an essay
D. Exemplification/Classification
- Classification refers to
categorization or groupings of
things/ideas
Examples of Classification:
- Acacia, Balete, and Molave are
categorized as trees
- volleyball, basketball, football, and
baseball are classified as sports
Try this…
- notebook, intermediate pad, pen,
crayons, and bond paper are
categorized as __________
Try this…
- dining table, sofa, and cabinet
are classified as __________
E. Comparison and Contrast
- comparison shows similarities
while contrast shows differences
E. Comparison and Contrast
- words and phrases that can be
used for comparison are
compared to, like, similarly,
likewise, same as, and resemble
E. Comparison and Contrast
- to show contrast, you may use
while, unlike, on the contrary,
otherwise, on the other hand,
different from, differ, conversely,
yet, but, and in contrast with
F. Cause and Effect
- cause is the reason for a
particular outcome
- effect is the result or outcome of
a cause or reason
Example of Cause and Effect:
- Global warming is caused by too
much greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
- cause: greenhouse gases
- effect: global warming
Three basic formats of cause
and effect:
- one cause and multiple effects
- one effect and multiple causes
- multiple causes and multiple
effects
Example of one cause and
multiple effects:
- cause: smoking
- effects: lung diseases, lung
cancer, bad breath, discoloring of
teeth
Example of one effect and
multiple causes:
- causes: peers, family problems,
financial problems
- effect: dropping out
Example of multiple causes
and multiple effects:
- causes: industrialization,
greenhouse gases, typhoons
- effects: climate change, floods,
erosion
G. Problem-Solution
- presents a specific problem and
suggests solutions to address it
There are four specific parts of
a problem-solution:
- situation
- problem
- solution
- evaluation
H. Persuasion
- also called as Argumentation
- aims to present one’s position or
claim about a particular issue
Important terms to learn in
Persuasion:
- Argument is an assertion about a
particular issue that is backed up
by evidence.
Important terms to learn in
Persuasion:
- Claim or position is the main
argument of a text.
Important terms to learn in
Persuasion:
- Pro arguments are affirmative
arguments in favor of the issue at
hand.
Important terms to learn in
Persuasion:
- Con arguments or counter
arguments are assertions against
a particular issue.
Important terms to learn in
Persuasion:
- Evidence is a proof in support to
an argument. Proofs can be facts,
statistics, experts’ testimonies, and
research findings.
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU!

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